EP3758936A1

EP3758936A1 - Method for producing a composite pane having a functional element with electrically controllable optical properties

Info

Publication number: EP3758936A1
Application number: EP19700725.5A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Michael Labrot; Jefferson DO ROSARIO; Florian Manz; Marcel Klein
Original assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS; Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Current assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS; Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date: 2018-02-28
Filing date: 2019-01-21
Publication date: 2021-01-06
Also published as: CN110418713B; JP7053894B2; JP2021513502A; WO2019166155A1; CN110418713A; KR20200110704A; KR102453877B1; MA52408A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a composite pane (100) having a functional element (5) with electrically controllable optical properties, wherein at least a) a first blocking film (4a) and a first intermediate layer (3a) and/or a second blocking film (4b) and a second intermediate layer (3b) are securely connected to one another temporarily or permanently; b) a stacking sequence, formed by an outer pane (1), the first intermediate layer (3a) the first blocking film (4a), a functional element (5) with electrically controllable optical properties, the second blocking film (4b), the second intermediate layer (3b) and an inner pane (2), is provided with these layers arranged on top of one another in this spatial sequence; and c) the stacking sequence is connected by means of lamination.

Description

Process for producing a composite pane with functional element with electrically controllable optical properties

The invention relates to a method for producing a composite pane with a functional element with electrically controllable optical properties and in particular a windscreen with electrically controllable sun visor.

In the vehicle sector and in the construction sector, composite panels with electrically controllable functional elements are often used for sun protection or for visual protection. For example, windshields are known in which a sun visor is integrated in the form of a functional element with electrically controllable optical properties. In particular, the transmission or the scattering behavior of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range is electrically controllable. The functional elements are usually film-like and are laminated or glued to a composite pane. In windshields, the driver can control the transmission behavior of the windscreen itself against solar radiation. So can be dispensed with a conventional mechanical sun visor. As a result, the weight of the vehicle can be reduced and space is gained in the roof area. In addition, the electric control of the sun visor for the driver is more comfortable than the manual folding down the mechanical sun visor. Windscreens with such electrically controllable sun visors are known, for example, from DE 102013001334 A1,

DE 102005049081 B3, DE 102005007427 A1 and DE 102007027296 A1.

Typical electrically controllable functional elements include electrochromic layer structures or single particle device (SPD) films. Other possible

Functional elements for realizing an electrically controllable sunscreen are so-called PDLC functional elements (polymer dispersed liquid crystai). Their active layer contains liquid crystals which are incorporated in a polymer matrix. When no voltage is applied, the liquid crystals are disordered, resulting in a strong scattering of light passing through the active layer. Is attached to the

Surface electrodes applied a voltage, the liquid crystals align in a common direction and the transmission of light through the active layer is increased. The PDLC functional element acts less by reducing the overall transmission, but by increasing the dispersion to ensure the glare protection. Conventional, laminated-in functional elements and in particular PDLC functional elements often show undesired signs of aging, such as whitening and changes in shading, in the edge area. This is remedied by sealing the entry edges of the functional element with a blocking material, as disclosed, for example, in WO 2014/086555 A1.

The present invention has for its object to provide an improved process for the production of Verbundscheibem with a functional element with electrically controllable optical properties, which is easier to handle and to automate and at the same time has a high aging resistance.

The object of the present invention is achieved by a method for producing a composite pane according to independent claim 1. Preferred embodiments will become apparent from the dependent claims.

The invention encompasses a method for producing a composite pane having a functional element with electrically controllable optical properties, wherein at least a) a first barrier foil and a first intermediate layer,

- A second barrier film and a second intermediate layer

or

- both,

be firmly connected with each other

b) a stacking sequence is produced, wherein

an outer pane (1),

the first intermediate layer (3a),

the first barrier film (4a),

a functional element (5) with electrically controllable optical properties,

the second barrier film (4b),

the second intermediate layer (3b) and

- An inner pane (2) are arranged one above the other,

and

c) the stacking sequence is connected by lamination. The connection between the barrier films and the intermediate layers can be permanent, or temporary, that is, at least until the stacking sequence is arranged in step b).

This has the particular advantage that slippage of the barrier film during storage, transport and assembly as well as during lamination is avoided and the barrier film is firmly and fittingly connected to the functional element. As a result, inter alia air pockets between barrier film and functional element are avoided and the optical quality of such composite discs is particularly high.

The enumeration of the elements of the stacking sequence represents the spatial sequence in which the elements are arranged one above the other. The elements are substantially planar and consist of thin layers or plates with large lateral extent. It is understood that while the large areas of the respective elements are arranged parallel to each other.

Specifying the sequence does not limit the chronological sequence. That is, in the manufacture of the stacking sequence can be started, for example, with the inner pane or the outer pane. Furthermore, subgroups can be created before the total assembly of the stacking sequence.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, an intermediate layer with embedded functional element is formed by the lamination in step c) from the first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer. The barrier films are dimensioned and arranged such that they seal the side edges of the functional element.

The lamination preferably takes place under the action of heat, vacuum and / or pressure. Lamination methods known per se can be used, for example autoclave methods, vacuum bag methods, vacuum ring methods, calendering methods, vacuum laminators or combinations thereof.

An electrical contacting of the surface electrodes of the functional element is preferably carried out before laminating the composite pane. Any existing prints, such as opaque cover prints or printed bus bars for electrical Contacting of the functional element are also preferably applied before lamination, preferably by screen printing.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the first barrier film and the second barrier film are arranged substantially congruently one above the other.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention the barrier films are arranged with an all-over projection u on the functional element and the functional element at least partially and preferably fully covered with the barrier film.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the barrier films are arranged in the shape of a frame along the side edges of the functional element. Advantageously, they have a protrusion on both sides on both sides of the side edges of the functional element.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the first and / or the second barrier film by an adhesive bond, preferably by an acrylic-based adhesive, more preferably by an acrylate adhesive and in particular with an adhesive containing more than 50% methyl methacrylate, with connected to the respective first and second intermediate layer.

Alternatively or in combination, the barrier film can be connected to the intermediate layer by a melt bond, for example by local or planar heating, preferably to a temperature above the melting temperature of the barrier film and / or the intermediate layer.

Alternatively or in combination, the barrier film can be joined by a press connection with the intermediate layer, for example by pressing or by a combined friction and pressing method, for example by ultrasonic bonding.

The adhesive bond, the fusion bond and the press bond are usually durable. So that any preliminary groups are permanently solid, long storable and well prepared. In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the barrier films and the respective intermediate layers are bonded to one another by a solvent, preferably by an organic solvent, particularly preferably by acetone, alcohol, in particular ethanol, isopropanol or chloroform. The solvent is advantageously sprayed or otherwise applied to the barrier film and / or the intermediate layer, for example with a brush or an impregnated roller.

The solvent may volatilize before and / or after the arrangement of the stacking sequence in step b) and / or during step c). Such solvents can either locally dissolve the surfaces of the barrier film and / or the intermediate layer and stick together. Alternatively or in combination, the solvent may temporarily bond cohesive forces to the surfaces of the stacking sequence and the intermediate layer.

The advantage of this method is that the solvent no longer exists in the later product and / or does not affect the optical properties and in particular the transmission.

The invention further comprises a composite pane produced by the method according to the invention, comprising at least

A stacking sequence of an outer pane, a first intermediate layer, a second intermediate layer and an inner pane, wherein the intermediate layers each contain at least one thermoplastic polymeric film with at least one plasticizer, and

A functional element with electrically controllable optical properties is arranged at least in sections between the first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer,

wherein between the first intermediate layer and the functional element as well as between the functional element and the second intermediate layer, at least one barrier foil is arranged, which at least in sections has a projection u over the functional element.

Preferably, between the first intermediate layer and the functional element as well as between the functional element and the second intermediate layer in each case a barrier film arranged, wherein each barrier film at least partially has a projection u on the functional element and protruding portions of the barrier film are arranged immediately adjacent and touch.

The composite pane can be, for example, the windshield or the roof panel of a vehicle or another vehicle glazing, for example a separating disk in a vehicle, preferably in a rail vehicle or a bus. Alternatively, the composite pane may be architectural glazing, for example in an exterior facade of a building or a partition inside a building.

The terms outer pane and inner pane describe arbitrarily two different slices. In particular, the outer pane may be referred to as a first pane and the inner pane as a second pane.

If the composite pane is intended to separate an interior space from the outside environment in a window opening of a vehicle or a building, then the interior pane (vehicle interior) facing the pane (second pane) is referred to as interior pane in the sense of the invention. With outer pane, the outer environment facing disc (first disc) is called. The invention is not limited thereto.

The composite pane according to the invention contains a functional element with electrically controllable optical properties, which is arranged at least in sections between a first intermediate layer and a second intermediate layer. The first and second intermediate layers usually have the same dimensions as the outer pane and the inner pane. The functional element is preferably foil-like.

In an advantageous embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention, in each case at least one barrier foil is arranged between the first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer, on one side edge of the functional element, on two side edges of the functional element on three side edges of the functional element or on all sides (ie on four or more side edges of the functional element) Functional element) has a supernatant u on the functional element. This means that a barrier film is arranged on the underside of the functional element and a further barrier film is arranged on the upper side of the functional element. In the region of the projection, a protruding region of one barrier film directly touches a projecting region of the second Barrier film. The underside and upper side of a film-like functional element mean the two large surfaces which are arranged parallel to the outer disk and the inner disk, in other words the outer surfaces and the inner surfaces of the functional element. Side edges describe the orthogonal surfaces of the functional element, which are designed to be very thin in film-like functional elements. The barrier films can cover the top and / or the bottom of the functional element only partially or completely.

In an advantageous embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention, the projection u of the barrier film over the functional element is at least 0.5 mm, preferably at least 2 mm, particularly preferably at least 5 mm and in particular at least 10 mm. The supernatant u is thus determined in lateral dimension parallel to the two largest dimensions of the functional element or the composite pane.

In an advantageous embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention, the projection u of the barrier film over the functional element is less than 50 mm, preferably less than 30 mm and particularly preferably less than 20 mm.

In a further advantageous embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention, the barrier films or different areas of a barrier film in the region of the supernatant are connected to one another, preferably pressed together (for example by lamination in the composite pane). As a result, a sufficient and secure diffusion barrier for plasticizers is produced from the intermediate layer and a clouding of the edge region of the functional element is reduced or prevented.

The invention further comprises a composite pane produced by the method according to the invention,

Wherein the intermediate layers contain at least one thermoplastic polymeric film with at least one plasticizer, and

• The barrier film is designed such that it prevents the diffusion of plasticizer through the barrier film.

The invention is based on the knowledge of the inventors that the diffusion of plasticizers from the intermediate layers into the interior of the functional element on aging leads to a brightening or change in the transmission, which the review and aesthetics of Composite disc impaired. By sealing the functional element with a barrier film, which inhibits or prevents the diffusion of plasticizers from the intermediate layer in the functional element and in particular in the side edge of the functional element, such aging phenomena are significantly reduced or completely prevented.

The sealing in the region of the side edge of the functional element is effected by two barrier films, which are arranged immediately adjacent to each other, touching each other flat and pressed against each other (for example by lamination inside the composite pane). As a result of the embedding and the lamination, the barrier films in the region of the projection u are firmly connected to one another after the lamination process.

In an advantageous embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention, the intermediate layer contains a polymer, preferably a thermoplastic polymer. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention, the intermediate layer contains at least 3 wt .-%, preferably at least 5 wt .-%, more preferably at least 20 wt .-%, even more preferably at least 30 wt .-% and in particular at least 40 wt. -% of a plasticizer. The plasticizer preferably contains or consists of triethylene glycol bis (2-ethylhexanoate).

Plasticizers are chemicals that make plastics softer, more flexible, smoother and / or more elastic. They shift the thermo-elastic range of plastics to lower temperatures, so that the plastics have the desired elastic properties in the range of the application temperature. Further preferred plasticizers are carboxylic esters, especially low-volatility carboxylic esters, fats, oils, soft resins and camphor. Other plasticizers are preferably aliphatic diesters of tri- or tetraethylene glycol. Particularly preferred plasticizers used are 3G7, 3G8 or 4G7, where the first number denotes the number of ethylene glycol units and the last number denotes the number of carbon atoms in the carboxylic acid portion of the compound. Thus, 3G8 is triethylene glycol bis (2-ethylhexanoate), ie a compound of the formula C ₄ H ₉ CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) CO (OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) ₃ O ₂ CCH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) C ₄ H ₉ . In a further particularly advantageous embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention, the intermediate layer contains at least 60% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 90% by weight and in particular at least 97% by weight polyvinyl butyral.

The thickness of each intermediate layer is preferably from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably from 0.3 mm to 1 mm, in particular from 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm, for example 0.38 mm.

In an advantageous embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention the barrier foil is designed such that it prevents the diffusion of plasticizers from the intermediate layer through the barrier foil.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention the barrier film is poor in plasticizer, preferably with a plasticizer content of less than 3 wt .-%, more preferably of less than 1 wt .-% and in particular of less than 0.5 wt .-% , Most preferably, the barrier film is plasticizer-free, that is without targeted addition of a plasticizer. The barrier film contains or consists of a polymer, preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) or polyethylene (PE). The barrier film may also contain low plasticizer polyvinyl butyral (PVB) having a plasticizer content of less than 3% by weight.

The controllable functional element typically comprises an active layer between two surface electrodes. The active layer has the controllable optical properties that can be controlled via the voltage applied to the surface electrodes. The area electrodes and the active layer are typically arranged substantially parallel to the surfaces of the outer pane and the inner pane. The surface electrodes are electrically connected to an external voltage source in a manner known per se. The electrical contacting is realized by means of suitable connection cables, for example foil conductors, which are optionally connected to the surface electrodes via so-called bus bars, for example strips of an electrically conductive material or electrically conductive imprints.

The surface electrodes are preferably designed as transparent, electrically conductive layers. The surface electrodes preferably contain at least one metal, a metal alloy or a transparent conducting oxide (TCO). The surface electrodes may contain, for example, silver, gold, copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, indium tin oxide (ITO), gallium-doped or aluminum-doped zinc oxide and / or fluorine-doped or antimony-doped tin oxide. The surface electrodes preferably have a thickness of from 10 nm to 2 μm, particularly preferably from 20 nm to 1 μm, very particularly preferably from 30 nm to 500 nm.

In addition to the active layer and the surface electrodes, the functional element may comprise further layers known per se, for example barrier layers, blocking layers, antireflection layers, protective layers and / or smoothing layers.

The functional element is preferably present as a multilayer film with two outer carrier films. In such a multilayer film, the surface electrodes and the active layer are arranged between the two carrier films. With outer carrier film is meant here that the carrier films form the two surfaces of the multilayer film. The functional element can thereby be provided as a laminated film, which can be advantageously processed. The functional element is advantageously protected by the carrier foils from damage, in particular corrosion. The multilayer film contains in the order given at least one carrier film, a surface electrode, an active layer, another surface electrode and another carrier film. In particular, the carrier foil carries the surface electrodes and gives the necessary mechanical stability to a liquid or soft active layer.

The carrier films preferably contain at least one thermoplastic polymer, particularly preferably low-plasticizer or plasticizer-free polyethylene terephthalate (PET). This is particularly advantageous with regard to the stability of the multilayer film. However, the carrier films may also contain or consist of other low-plasticizer or plasticizer-free polymers, for example ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resins, acrylates, fluorinated ethylene-propylenes, polyvinyl fluoride and / or ETFE. The thickness of each carrier film is preferably from 0.04 mm to 1 mm, particularly preferably from 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm.

Typically, the carrier films each have an electrically conductive coating, which faces the active layer and acts as a surface electrode. In a further advantageous embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention, the functional element is a PDLC functional element (polymer dispersed liquid crystai). The active layer of a PDLC functional element contains liquid crystals embedded in a polymer matrix. If no voltage is applied to the surface electrodes, the liquid crystals are aligned disorderly, resulting in a strong scattering of passing through the active layer light. If a voltage is applied to the surface electrodes, the liquid crystals align in a common direction and the transmission of light through the active layer is increased.

In principle, however, it is also possible to use other types of controllable functional elements, for example electrochromic functional elements or SPD functional elements (suspended particle device). The aforementioned controllable functional elements and their operation are known per se to those skilled in the art, so that a detailed description can be dispensed with at this point.

Functional elements as multilayer films are commercially available. The functional element to be integrated is typically cut out of a multilayer film of larger dimensions in the desired shape and size. This can be done mechanically, for example with a knife. In an advantageous embodiment, the cutting is done by means of a laser. It has been found that the side edge in this case is more stable than mechanical cutting with mechanically cut side edges, there is a risk that the material retracts, which is visually striking and adversely affects the aesthetics of the disc.

The functional element is connected to the outer pane over a region of the first intermediate layer and to the inner pane over a region of the second intermediate layer (as well as, if appropriate, barrier films arranged in between). The intermediate layers are preferably arranged flat on each other and laminated together, wherein the functional element between the two layers is inserted. The overlapping with the functional element areas of the intermediate layers then form the areas which connect the functional element with the discs. In other areas of the pane, where the intermediate layers are in direct contact with each other, they can fuse together during lamination in such a way that the two original layers may no longer be recognizable and instead a homogeneous intermediate layer is present. An intermediate layer can be formed for example by a single thermoplastic film. An intermediate layer may also be formed as a two-layer, three-layer or multi-layer film stack, the individual films having the same or different properties. An intermediate layer can also be formed from sections of different thermoplastic films whose side edges adjoin one another.

In an advantageous development of a composite pane according to the invention, the area of the first or the second intermediate layer via which the functional element is connected to the outer pane or the inner pane is tinted or colored. The transmission of this region in the visible spectral range is thus reduced compared to a non-toned or colored layer. The tinted / colored area of the intermediate layer thus reduces the transmission of the windscreen in the region of the sun visor. In particular, the aesthetic impression of the functional element is improved because the tinting leads to a more neutral appearance, which is more pleasant to the viewer.

For the purposes of the invention, electrically controllable optical properties are to be understood as meaning those properties which are infinitely variable, but equally also those which can be switched between two or more discrete states.

The electrical control of the sun visor, for example, by means of switches, rotary or slide controls, which are integrated in the fittings of the vehicle. But it can also be a button for controlling the sun visor integrated into the windshield, such as a capacitive button. Alternatively or additionally, the sun visor can be controlled by non-contact methods, for example by detecting gestures, or depending on the state of the pupil or eyelid detected by a camera and suitable evaluation electronics. Alternatively or additionally, the sun visor can be controlled by sensors which detect a light incident on the pane.

The tinted or colored area of the intermediate layer preferably has a transmission in the visible spectral range of from 10% to 50%, particularly preferably from 20% to 40%. This achieves particularly good results with regard to glare protection and visual appearance. The intermediate layer can be formed by a single thermoplastic film in which the tinted or colored area is produced by local tinting or dyeing. Such films are available, for example, by coextrusion. Alternatively, an untoned film portion and a tinted or colored film portion may be assembled to the thermoplastic layer.

The tinted or colored area can be homogeneously colored or tinted, that is to say have a location-independent transmission. The tinting or coloring can also be inhomogeneous, in particular, a transmission profile can be realized. In one embodiment, the transmittance in the tinted or colored area decreases at least in sections as the distance from the top edge increases. Thus, sharp edges of the tinted or colored area can be avoided, so that the transition from the sun visor to the transparent area of the windshield is gradual, which looks more aesthetically pleasing.

In an advantageous embodiment, the area of the first intermediate layer, ie the area between the functional element and the outer pane, is tinted. This causes a particularly aesthetic impression on top view of the outer pane. The region of the second intermediate layer between the functional element and the inner pane can optionally also be dyed or tinted.

The composite pane with electrically controllable functional element can be advantageously designed as a windscreen with electrically controllable sun visor. Such a windshield has an upper edge and a lower edge and two side edges extending between the upper edge and the lower edge. With the upper edge that edge is referred to, which is intended to point in the installed position upwards. The lower edge is the edge which is intended to point downwards in the installed position. The upper edge is often referred to as the roof edge and the lower edge as the engine edge.

Windshields have a central field of view, on the optical quality of which are made high demands. The central field of view must have a high light transmission (typically greater than 70%). The said central field of view is in particular that field of view which is designated by the person skilled in the art as field of view B, field of view B or zone B. Field of View B and its technical requirements are set out in the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN / ECE) Steering No 43 (ECE-R43, "Uniform Conditions for the Approval of Safety Glazing Materials and their Installation in Vehicles"). There the field of vision B is defined in Annex 18.

The functional element is then advantageously arranged above the central field of vision (field of view B). This means that the functional element is arranged in the region between the central field of vision and the upper edge of the windshield. The functional element does not have to cover the entire area, but is completely positioned within this area and does not protrude into the central field of view. In other words, the functional element has a smaller distance to the upper edge of the windshield than the central viewing area. Thus, the transmission of the central field of view is not affected by the functional element, which is positioned in a similar position as a classic mechanical sun visor in the folded down state.

The windshield is preferably provided for a motor vehicle, particularly preferably for a passenger car.

In a preferred embodiment, the functional element, more precisely the side edges of the functional element, circumferentially surrounded by a third intermediate layer. The third intermediate layer is formed like a frame with a recess. The functional element may be inserted in the recess or located in a plane above or below. The third intermediate layer can also be formed by a thermoplastic film into which the recess has been cut by cutting. Alternatively, the third intermediate layer can also be composed of several film sections around the functional element. The intermediate layer is preferably formed from a total of at least three thermoplastic layers arranged on top of each other, wherein the middle layer identifies a recess in which the functional element is arranged. In the production, the third intermediate layer is arranged between the first and the second intermediate layer, wherein the side edges of all intermediate layers are preferably arranged in cover. The third intermediate layer preferably has approximately the same thickness as the functional element. Thereby, the local thickness difference of the windshield, which is introduced by the localized functional element, compensated, so that glass breakage during lamination and / or permanent stresses in the glass can be avoided. The visible in view through the windshield side edges of the functional element are preferably arranged flush with the third intermediate layer, so that no gap exists between the side edge of the functional element and the associated side edge of the intermediate layer. This is especially true for the lower edge of the functional element, which is typically visible. Thus, the boundary between the third intermediate layer and functional element is optically less noticeable.

In a preferred embodiment, the lower edges of the functional element and the tinted region of the intermediate layer (s) are adapted to the shape of the upper edge of the windshield, which causes a visually appealing appearance. Since the upper edge of a windshield is typically bent, in particular curved concavely, the lower edge of the functional element and the tinted region is preferably configured bent. Particularly preferably, the lower edges of the functional element are formed substantially parallel to the upper edge of the windshield. But it is also possible to build the sun visor from two straight halves, which are arranged at an angle to each other and the shape of the upper edge are approximated v-shaped.

In one embodiment of the invention, the functional element is divided into segments by insulation lines. The insulation lines are in particular incorporated in the surface electrodes, so that the segments of the surface electrode are electrically isolated from each other. The individual segments are independently connected to the voltage source, so that they can be controlled separately. This allows different areas of the sun visor to be switched independently. Particularly preferably, the insulation lines and the segments are arranged horizontally in the installed position. Thus, the height of the sun visor can be controlled by the user. The term "horizontal" is here to be interpreted broadly and denotes a direction of propagation, which runs in a windshield between the side edges of the windshield. The insulation lines need not necessarily be straight, but may also be slightly curved, preferably adapted to a possible bending of the upper edge of the windshield, in particular substantially parallel to the upper edge of the windshield. Of course, vertical isolation lines are also conceivable.

The insulation lines have for example a width of 5 pm to 500 pm, in particular 20 pm to 200 pm. The width of the segments, so the distance adjacent insulation lines may be suitable in the individual case by the expert according to the requirements to get voted. The isolation lines may be introduced by laser ablation, mechanical cutting, or etching during fabrication of the functional element. Already laminated multilayer films can also be subsequently segmented by means of laser ablation.

The top edge and the side edges or all side edges of the functional element are preferably concealed by an opaque cover print or by an outer frame when viewed through the composite pane. Windshields typically have peripheral peripheral masking pressure from an opaque enamel, which is particularly useful for protecting and visually obscuring the adhesive used to install the windshield from UV radiation. This peripheral covering pressure is preferably used to conceal the upper edge and the side edge of the functional element, as well as the required electrical connections. The sun visor is then advantageously integrated into the appearance of the windshield and only the lower edge is potentially visible to the viewer. Preferably, both the outer pane and the inner pane have a covering pressure, so that the view is prevented from both sides.

The functional element can also have recesses or holes, for example in the area of so-called sensor windows or camera windows. These areas are intended to be equipped with sensors or cameras whose function would be affected by a controllable functional element in the beam path, such as rain sensors. It is also possible to realize the sun visor with at least two separate functional elements, wherein there is a distance between the functional elements, which provides a space for sensor or camera windows.

The functional element (or the entirety of the functional elements in the above-described case of a plurality of functional elements) is preferably arranged over the entire width of the composite pane or windshield, minus a double-sided edge region having a width of, for example, 2 mm to 20 mm. Also at the top, the functional element preferably has a spacing of, for example, 2 mm to 20 mm. The functional element is thus encapsulated within the intermediate layer and protected from contact with the surrounding atmosphere and against corrosion. The outer pane and the inner pane are preferably made of glass, more preferably of soda-lime glass, as is customary for window panes. However, the panes can also be made of other types of glass, for example quartz glass, borosilicate glass or alumino-sililate glass, or of rigid clear plastics, for example polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate. The discs can be clear, or even tinted or colored. Windscreens must have sufficient light transmission in the central viewing area, preferably at least 70% in the main viewing area A according to ECE-R43.

The outer pane, the inner pane and / or the intermediate layer may have further suitable coatings known per se, for example antireflective coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings or sunscreen coatings or low-E coatings).

The thickness of the outer pane and the inner pane can vary widely and thus adapted to the requirements of the individual case. The outer pane and the inner pane preferably have thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, particularly preferably of 1 mm to 3 mm.

The invention further comprises the use of a composite pane according to the invention with an electrically controllable functional element as interior glazing or exterior glazing in a vehicle or a building, wherein the electrically controllable functional element is used as a sunscreen or as a privacy screen.

The invention further comprises the use of a composite pane according to the invention as a windshield or roof panel of a vehicle, wherein the electrically controllable functional element is used as a sun visor.

A particular advantage of the invention is the use of composite windscreen as it is that can be dispensed with a classic mounted on the vehicle roof, mechanically folding sun visor. The invention therefore also encompasses a vehicle, preferably a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car, which has no such conventional sun visor. The invention also includes the use of a tinted or colored area of an intermediate layer for connecting a functional element with electrically controllable optical properties to an outer pane or an inner pane of an inner pane

Windshield, wherein an electrically controllable sun visor is realized by the tinted or colored region of the intermediate layer and the functional element.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing and exemplary embodiments. The drawing is a schematic representation and not to scale. The drawing does not limit the invention in any way. Show it:

Figure 1A is a plan view of a first embodiment of an inventive

Laminated pane,

FIG. 1B shows a schematic representation of the method according to the invention for producing a composite pane according to the invention according to FIG. 1A,

FIG. 1C shows a cross section through the composite pane from FIG. 1A along the section line

X-X ',

FIG. 1 D shows an enlarged representation of the region Z from FIG. 1 B,

Figure 2A is a plan view of a second embodiment of an inventive

Laminated pane,

FIG. 2B shows a schematic representation of the method according to the invention for producing a composite pane according to the invention according to FIG. 2A,

FIG. 2C shows a cross section through the composite pane from FIG. 2A along the section line

X-X ',

FIG. 2D shows an enlarged representation of the region Z from FIG. 2B,

Figure 3A is a plan view of a further embodiment of an inventive

Composite pane as windscreen with sun visor,

FIG. 3B shows a cross section through the composite pane from FIG. 3A along the section line

X-X ',

FIG. 3C shows an enlarged illustration of the region Z from FIG. 3B,

Figure 4 is a plan view of a further embodiment of an inventive

Composite pane as windshield with sun visor

FIG. 5A shows a cross-section through an alternative composite disk according to FIG. 1A along the section line X-X ',

FIG. 5B shows a schematic representation of the method according to the invention for producing a composite pane according to the invention according to FIG. 5A, and

FIG. 6 shows the method according to the invention with reference to a flowchart. FIG. 1A, FIG. 1C and FIG. 1D each show a detail of a composite pane 100 according to the invention. FIG. 1B shows a schematic representation of the method according to the invention for producing a composite pane 100 according to the invention, which is illustrated in FIGS. 1A, 1C and 1D.

The composite pane 100 comprises an outer pane 1 and an inner pane 2, which are interconnected via a first intermediate layer 3a and a second intermediate layer 3b. The outer pane 1 has a thickness of 2.1 mm and consists for example of a clear soda-lime glass. The inner pane 2 has a thickness of 1, 6 mm and, for example, also consists of a clear soda-lime glass. The composite disk 100 has a first edge designated D, which is referred to as upper edge in the following. The composite pane 100 has a second edge designated M, which is arranged opposite the upper edge D and is referred to below as the lower edge. The composite pane 100 can be arranged, for example, as architectural glazing in the frame of a window with additional panes for insulating glazing.

Between the first intermediate layer 3a and the second intermediate layer 3b, a functional element 5 is arranged, which is controllable by an electrical voltage in its optical properties. The electrical leads are not shown for simplicity. The controllable functional element 5 is, for example, a PDLC multilayer film consisting of an active layer 11 between two surface electrodes 12, 13 and two carrier foils 14, 15. The active layer 11 contains a polymer matrix with liquid crystals dispersed therein, which depend on the surface electrodes Align applied electrical voltage, whereby the optical properties can be controlled. The carrier films 14, 15 are made of PET and have a thickness of, for example, 0.125 mm. The carrier foils 14, 15 are provided with a coating of ITO having a thickness of approximately 100 nm facing the active layer 11, which form the area electrodes 12, 13. The surface electrodes 12, 13 are connectable via not shown bus bars (for example, formed by a silver-containing screen printing) and not shown connection cable with the on-board electrical system.

The intermediate layers 3a, 3b each comprise a thermoplastic film having a thickness of 0.38 mm. The intermediate layers 3a, 3b consist for example of 78% by weight of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and 20% by weight of triethylene glycol bis (2-ethylhexanoate) as plasticizer. Between the first intermediate layer 3a and the functional element 5, a first barrier film 4a is arranged. Furthermore, a second barrier film 4b is arranged between the functional element 5 and the second intermediate layer 3b. The barrier films 4a, 4b here have, for example, an all-round projection u of, for example, 5 mm over the functional element 5. On all sides here means that a supernatant u on each side edge 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 of the functional element 5 is present. In the region of the projection, portions of the barrier film 4a directly contact opposite portions of the barrier film 4b. Due to the overlapping on all sides, the functional element 5 is completely enclosed by sealing film 4a, 4b and sealed.

For example, the barrier film 4a, 4b consists essentially of PET, ie at least 97% by weight. The barrier film 4a, 4b contains less than 0.5% by weight of plasticizer and is suitable for reducing or adding the diffusion of plasticizer from the intermediate layers 3a, 3b into the functional layer 5 via the side edges 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 prevention. The thickness of the barrier films 4a, 4b is for example 50 pm.

Such composite discs 100 show in aging tests a significantly reduced brightening in the edge region of the functional element 5, since diffusion of the plasticizer from the intermediate layers 3a, 3b in the functional element 5 and a concomitant degradation of the functional element 5 is avoided.

FIG. 1B shows a schematic representation of the method according to the invention for producing the composite pane 100 from FIGS. 1A, 1C and 1D.

Accordingly, in a first step a), the first barrier layer 4a is arranged on the first intermediate layer 3a and, for example, permanently connected thereto via a first adhesive bond 7a. Furthermore, the second barrier layer 4b is arranged on the second intermediate layer 3b and permanently connected thereto, for example, via a second adhesive bond 7b. The adhesive bonds 7a, 7b are made for example by an acrylate adhesive. It is understood that the barrier films 4a, 4b can also be permanently or temporarily joined to the intermediate layer 3a, 3b by another method mentioned in the description.

In a second step b), a stacking sequence is arranged. For this purpose, the pre-composite of second intermediate layer 3b and second barrier film 3b on the inner pane 2 of the Composite disc 100 is arranged. The second barrier film 3b is arranged on the side facing away from the inner pane 2 of the second intermediate layer 3b. Subsequently, the functional element 5 is arranged on the second intermediate layer 3b in the region of the second barrier film 3b. The barrier film 3b and the functional element 5 are dimensioned here, for example, such that the barrier film 3b completely covers the functional element 5 and projects beyond it on all sides by a projection u of, for example, 5 mm.

Subsequently, the pre-composite of first interlayer 3a and first barrier layer 4a is arranged on the second interlayer with the second barrier layer 4b and the functional element 5. The first barrier layer 4a is in direct contact with the functional element 5 and is therefore positioned on the side of the first intermediate layer 3a facing the functional element 5. The barrier film 3a is dimensioned here, for example, so that the barrier film 4a, the functional element 5 completely covered and surmounted by a supernatant u, for example, 5 mm on all sides. The first barrier foil 4 a and the second barrier foil 4 b are, for example, congruent and touch in the full area of the projection u via the functional element 5.

Subsequently, the outer pane 1 of the composite pane 100 is placed on and in direct contact with the first intermediate layer 3a.

It is understood that the stacking sequence can also be created in reverse order, for example, starting with the outer pane 1, on which then the first intermediate layer 3a is arranged, and so on. It is further understood that even more films or layers between the individual elements of the stacking sequence or on the outer surfaces of the inner pane 2 and / or the outer pane 1 can be arranged.

The firm connection between the barrier films 4a, 4b and the intermediate layers 3a, 3b has clear advantages. Due to the firm connection of the very thin barrier film 4a, 4b with the much thicker intermediate layer 3a, 3b, the barrier films 4a, 4b much easier to handle and position. In particular, air bubbles or kinks in the barrier film 4a, 4b can be avoided. The entire positioning process is easier to handle and automate.

In a last step c), the stacking sequence from process steps a) and b) is connected to one another by lamination. Thereby, the finished composite disc 100 with a produced between the intermediate layers 3a, 3b embedded functional element 5. Due to the fixed embedding of the functional element 5, the barrier foils 4a, 4b are firmly connected to the functional element 5 and in the region of the projection u. In this example, the barrier films 4a, 4b completely cover the functional element 5 and hermetically enclose it.

2A, 2C and 2D show a development of the composite pane 100 according to the invention from FIGS. 1A, 1C and 1D. The composite pane 100 from FIGS. 2A, 2C and 2D substantially corresponds to the composite pane 100 from FIGS. 1A, 1 C and 1 D, so that only the differences are discussed below.

An essential difference from FIGS. 1A, 1C and 1D is that, in FIGS. 2A, 2C and 2D, the barrier films 4a, 4b are not formed over the entire surface but only in the shape of a frame. Furthermore, the processes according to the invention differ for the production, as FIG. 2B shows.

FIG. 2B shows a schematic representation of the method according to the invention for producing the composite pane 100 from FIGS. 2A, 2C and 2D.

Accordingly, in a first step a), the first barrier layer 4a is arranged on the first intermediate layer 3a and, for example, permanently connected thereto via a first adhesive bond 7a. It is understood that the barrier film 4a can be permanently or temporarily connected to the intermediate layer 3a by another method mentioned in the description.

In a second step b), a stacking sequence is arranged. For this purpose, the second intermediate layer 3b is arranged on the inner pane 2 of the composite pane 100. Subsequently, the frame-shaped second barrier sheet 4b is disposed on the second intermediate layer 3b. Subsequently, the functional element 5 is arranged on the second intermediate layer 3b in the region of the second barrier film 4b. The barrier film 4b and the functional element 5 are dimensioned here, for example, so that the barrier film 4b the functional element 5 in the region of its edge (that is, its side edges) covered like a frame and surmounted by a supernatant u, for example, 5 mm on all sides. Subsequently, the pre-composite of first interlayer 3a and first barrier layer 4a is arranged on the second interlayer 3b with the second barrier layer 4b and the functional element 5. The first barrier layer 4a is then in direct contact with the functional element 5 and is therefore arranged on the functional element 5 facing side of the first intermediate layer 3a. The first barrier film 4a is here, for example, dimensioned so that it covers the functional element 5 in the region of its edge frame-shaped and surmounted by a supernatant u of 5 mm on all sides. The first barrier foil 4a and the second barrier foil 4b are, for example, congruent and touch in the full area of the projection above the functional element 5.

In a last step c), the stacking sequence from process steps a) and b) is connected to one another by lamination. As a result, the finished composite pane 100 is produced with a functional element 5 embedded between the intermediate layers 3a, 3b. Due to the fixed embedding of the functional element 5, the barrier foils 4a, 4b are firmly connected to the functional element 5 and in the region of the projection u. In this example, the barrier films 4a, 4b completely cover the edge of the functional element 5 and hermetically enclose the side edges 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 of the functional element 5.

FIG. 3A, FIG. 3B and FIG. 3C each show a detail of an alternative composite pane 100 according to the invention as a windshield with an electrically controllable sun visor. The composite disk 100 from FIGS. 3A-C essentially corresponds to the composite disk 100 from FIGS. 1A, 1C and 1D, so that only the differences are discussed below. The windshield comprises a trapezoidal composite disk 100 with an outer disk 1 and an inner disk 2, which are interconnected via two intermediate layers 3a, 3b. The outer pane 1 has a thickness of 2.1 mm and consists of a green-colored soda-lime glass. The inner pane 2 has a thickness of 1, 6 mm and consists of a clear soda-lime glass. The windshield has an upper edge D facing the roof in the installed position and a lower edge M facing the engine compartment in the installed position.

The windscreen is equipped with an electrically controllable functional element 5 as a sun visor, which is arranged in an area above the central viewing area B (as defined in ECE-R43). The sun visor is formed by a commercially available PDLC multilayer film as a functional element 5 incorporated in the intermediate layers 3a, 3b. The height of the sun visor is for example 21 cm. The first intermediate layer 3 a is connected to the outer pane 1, the second intermediate layer 3 b is connected to the inner pane 2. An intervening third intermediate layer 3c has a cutout in which the cut PDLC multilayer film is inserted accurately, that is flush on all sides. The third intermediate layer 3c layer thus forms, as it were, a kind of passe-partout for the functional element 5, which is thus encapsulated all round in thermoplastic material and thus protected.

The first intermediate layer 3a has a tinted region 6, which is arranged between the functional element 5 and the outer pane 1. The light transmission of the windshield is thereby additionally reduced in the region of the functional element 5 and the milky appearance of the PDLC functional element 5 is attenuated in the diffusive state. The aesthetics of the windshield are thus made much more appealing. The first intermediate layer 3a has an average light transmission of 30% in the region 6, for example, with which good results are achieved.

The area 6 can be homogeneously tinted. Often, however, it is more visually appealing when the tint in the direction of the lower edge of the functional element 5 is lower, so that the tinted and untoned area merge smoothly into one another.

In the illustrated case, the lower edges of the tinted region 6 and the lower edge of the PDLC functional element 5 (here the lateral edge 5.1 thereof) are arranged flush with the barrier film 4. This is not necessarily the case. It is also possible that the toned area 6 projects beyond the functional element 5 or that, conversely, the functional element 5 projects beyond the tinted area 6. In the latter case, the entire functional element 5 would not be connected to the outer pane 1 via the tinted area 6.

The controllable functional element 5 is a multilayer foil consisting of an active layer 11 between two surface electrodes 12, 13 and two carrier foils 14, 15. The active layer 11 contains a polymer matrix with liquid crystals dispersed therein, which depend on the voltage applied to the surface electrodes Align, whereby the optical properties can be controlled. The carrier films 14, 15 are made of PET and have a thickness of, for example, 0.125 mm. The carrier foils 14, 15 are provided with a coating of ITO having a thickness of approximately 100 nm facing the active layer 11, which form the electrodes 12, 13. The electrodes 12, 13 are connectable via not shown bus bars (for example, formed by a silver-containing screen printing) and not shown connection cable with the on-board electrical system.

The windshield has, as usual, a peripheral peripheral covering pressure 9, which is formed by an opaque enamel on the inside surfaces (facing the interior of the vehicle in the installed position) of the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2. The distance between the functional element 5 to the upper edge D and the side edges of the windshield is smaller than the width of the covering pressure 9, so that the side edges of the functional element 5 - with the exception of the side edge facing the central field of view B - are covered by the covering pressure 9. The electrical connections, not shown, are expediently mounted in the region of the covering pressure 9 and thus hidden.

For the intermediate layers 3a, 3b, 3c, a so-called "high-flow PVB" can preferably be used, which has a greater flow behavior compared to standard PVB films. Thus, the layers flow more strongly around the barrier film 4 and the functional element 5 around, whereby a more homogeneous optical impression is created and the transition from functional element 5 to intermediate layer 3c is less pronounced. The "high flow PVB" can be used for all or even only one or more of the intermediate layers 3a, 3b, 3c. FIG. 4 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention as a windshield with an electrically controllable sun visor. The windscreen and the functional element 5 as a controllable sun visor substantially correspond to the embodiment of FIG. 5. However, the PDLC functional element 5 is divided by horizontal insulation lines 16 into six strip-like segments. The insulation lines 16 have for example a width of 40 pm to 50 pm and a mutual distance of 3.5 cm. They have been introduced by means of a laser in the prefabricated multilayer film. In particular, the insulation lines 16 separate the electrodes 12, 13 into strips insulated from one another, each having a separate electrical connection. Thus, the segments are independently switchable. The thinner the insulation lines 16 are executed, the less inconspicuous they are. By means of etching, even thinner insulation lines 16 can be realized.

By segmentation, the height of the darkened functional element 5 can be adjusted. Depending on the position of the sun, the driver can thus darken the entire sun visor or only a part of it. In the figure, it is indicated that the upper half of the sun visor is darkened and the lower half is transparent.

In a particularly convenient embodiment, the functional element 5 is controlled by a capacitive button arranged in the region of the functional element, the driver determining the degree of darkening by the location where he touches the pane. Alternatively, the functional element 5 can also be controlled by non-contact methods, for example by detecting gestures, or depending on the state of the pupil or eyelid detected by a camera and suitable evaluation electronics.

FIG. 5A shows a cross section through a further embodiment of the composite pane 100 from FIG. 1A along the section line XX ', wherein the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5A differs from that illustrated in FIG. 1C in that between the first intermediate layer 3a and the outer pane 2 a third intermediate layer 3 c is arranged, which has a recess 20 in the region of the functional element 5. In other words, the functional element 5 is arranged completely within the orthogonal projection region of the recess 20 with respect to the outer pane 2. Furthermore, the functional element 5 is arranged partially or completely in a different plane than the third intermediate layer 3c. During the lamination, the softened material of the first intermediate layer 3a penetrates into the recess 20 of the third intermediate layer 3c.

It is understood that within the recess 20 also further layers or films, not shown here, can be arranged, such as functional layers and, for example, infrared-reflecting layers with or without carrier layers.

FIG. 5B shows a schematic representation of the arrangement of the layers of the embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention shown in FIG. 5A before the lamination. In FIG. 5B, it can be seen that, due to the stacking sequence of the composite pane 100 according to the invention, the barrier foils 4a, 4b are connected to the full-surface first intermediate layer 3a or to the second intermediate layer 3b before the functional element 5 between the first intermediate layer 3a and the second intermediate layer 3b is arranged. The connection takes place, for example, by spraying one of the surfaces of the barrier films 4a, 4b with an organic solvent and, for example, with acetone. Subsequently, the solvent sprayed surfaces of the barrier films 4a, 4b are disposed on the respective intermediate layers 3a, 3b. On the one hand, the solvent leads to cohesive forces due to the surface tension of the solvent. Furthermore, the solvent leads to a slight release of the surfaces and thereby to an intimate connection between the surface of the barrier film 4a, 4b and the surface of the intermediate layer 3a, 3b. The resulting adhesion allows intermediate layers 3a, 3b together with barrier films 4a, 4b to be safely transported and precisely positioned.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention with reference to a flow chart: In a first step I, a first barrier film 4a and a first intermediate layer 3a and / or a second barrier film 4b and a second intermediate layer 3b are temporarily or permanently bonded together. In a second step II, a stacking sequence is produced, wherein an outer pane 1, the first intermediate layer 3a, the first barrier foil 4a, a functional element 5 with electrically controllable optical properties, the second barrier foil 4b, the second intermediate layer 3b and an inner pane 2 in this spatial Sequence are arranged one above the other. In a third step III, the stacking sequence is firmly and permanently connected by lamination. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 outer pane

2 inner pane

3a first intermediate layer

3b second intermediate layer

3c third intermediate layer

4a first barrier film

4b first barrier film

5 functional element with electrically controllable optical properties 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 side edge of the functional element 5

6 tinted area of the first intermediate layer 3a

7a, 7b adhesive bond

9 cover printing

1 1 active layer of the functional element 5

12 surface electrode of the functional element 5

13 surface electrode of the functional element 5

14 carrier film

15 carrier film

16 insulation lines

20 recess of the third intermediate layer 3c

100 composite disc

B central field of vision of the windshield

D top edge of the windshield, roof edge

M Lower edge of the windscreen, engine edge

u supernatant

X-X 'cutting line

Z enlarged area

Claims

claims

1. A method for producing a composite pane (100) with functional element (5) with electrically controllable optical properties, wherein at least

a) a first barrier film (4a) and a first intermediate layer (3a) and / or a second barrier film (4b) and a second intermediate layer (3b) are temporarily or permanently firmly connected to one another,

b) a stacking sequence of an outer pane (1), the first intermediate layer (3a), the first barrier film (4a), a functional element (5) with electrically controllable optical properties, the second barrier film (4b), the second intermediate layer (3b) and an inner pane (2) is arranged one above the other in this spatial sequence, and

c) the stacking sequence is connected by lamination.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein from the first intermediate layer (3a) and the second intermediate layer (3b) an intermediate layer with incorporated functional element (5) is formed.

3. The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the first barrier film (4a) and the second barrier film (4b) are arranged substantially congruently one above the other.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the barrier films (4a, 4b) are arranged with an all-over projection u on the functional element (5) and the functional element (5) at least partially and preferably completely with the barrier film (4a, 4b ) is covered.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the barrier film (4a, 4b) by an adhesive bond (7a, 7b), by a fusion bond and / or by a press connection permanently with the intermediate layer (3a, 3b) are connected.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the barrier film (4a, 4b) and the intermediate layer (3a, 3b) by a solvent, preferably by an organic solvent, more preferably by acetone, alcohol, especially ethanol, isopropanol or chloroform be joined together and preferably that Solvent before and / or after the arrangement of the stacking sequence in step b) and / or during step c) volatilizes.

7. The composite pane (100) produced according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the intermediate layers (3a, 3b) contain at least one thermoplastic polymeric film with at least one plasticizer and the barrier film (4a, 4b) is formed so as to prevent diffusion of plasticizer prevented by the barrier film (4a, 4b).

8. Composite disc (100) according to claim 7, wherein the intermediate layer (3a, 3b) at least 3 wt .-%, preferably at least 5 wt .-%, more preferably at least 20 wt .-%, even more preferably at least 30 wt. % and in particular at least 40 wt .-% of a plasticizer and the plasticizer preferably aliphatic diesters of tri- or tetraethylene glycol, more preferably triethylene glycol bis (2-ethylhexanoate), contains or consists thereof.

9. Laminated disc (100) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the intermediate layer (3a, 3b) at least 60 wt .-%, preferably at least 70 wt .-%, particularly preferably at least 90 wt .-% and in particular at least 97 wt. % Polyvinyl butyral (PVB).

10. Composite disc (100) according to one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the functional element (5) is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) film.

1 1. A composite disc (100) according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the barrier film

(4a, 4b) is softener-poor or plasticizer-free and preferred

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) or polyethylene (PE) contains or consists thereof.

12. The composite pane (100) according to any one of claims 7 to 1 1, wherein the supernatant u of the barrier film (4a, 4b) on the functional element (5) at least 0.5 mm, preferably at least 2 mm, more preferably at least 5 mm and in particular at least 10 mm.

13. Laminated disc (100) according to one of claims 7 to 12, wherein the supernatant u of the barrier film (4a, 4b) on the functional element (5) is less than 50 mm, preferably less than 30 mm and more preferably less than 20 mm.

14. Laminate (100) according to one of claims 7 to 13, wherein the barrier films (4a,

4b) are arranged in the shape of a frame along the side edges (5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4) of the functional element (5).

15, composite disc (100) according to any one of claims 7 to 14, wherein the barrier films (4a, 4b) in the region of the supernatant u after the lamination process in step c) are firmly connected.

16, composite disc (100) according to one of claims 7 to 15, wherein the functional element (5) and the barrier film (4a, 4b) circumferentially surrounded by a third intermediate layer (3c).

17. Use of a composite pane (100) with electrically controllable functional element (5) according to one of claims 7 to 16 as interior glazing or exterior glazing in a vehicle or building and the electrically controllable functional element (5) as a sunscreen or as privacy.