EP3746573A1 - Electrical steel strip that can be but doesn't have to be reannealed - Google Patents
Electrical steel strip that can be but doesn't have to be reannealedInfo
- Publication number
- EP3746573A1 EP3746573A1 EP19701511.8A EP19701511A EP3746573A1 EP 3746573 A1 EP3746573 A1 EP 3746573A1 EP 19701511 A EP19701511 A EP 19701511A EP 3746573 A1 EP3746573 A1 EP 3746573A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrical steel
- oriented electrical
- grain
- steel strip
- strip
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1233—Cold rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1272—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
Definitions
- the invention relates to a non-grain oriented electrical steel or sheet, in particular for electrical engineering applications, a manufactured from such an electrical steel strip or sheet electro technical component, a method for producing an electrical tape or sheet and the use of such electrical tape or sheet in components for electrotechnical applications.
- Typical uses of such sheets are electric motors and generators, particularly in the stator or in the rotor.
- the non-grain-oriented electrical tapes used in the stator and in the rotor of an electrical machine, in particular a motor or generator, preferably have different mechanical and magnetic properties.
- the rotor core of an electrical machine is preferably made of a material which has markedly increased mechanical properties, whereas the stator should have increased magnetic properties. Improving the magnetic properties in a material generally negatively affects the mechanical properties of the material, and vice versa. Therefore, in the manufacture of electric machines either a rotor or stator material is chosen, which represents a compromise between mechanical and magnetic properties, or for rotor and stator two different types of electrical equipment must be used.
- EP 2 612 942 discloses a non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip or sheet comprising, in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities, 1, 0 to 4.5% by weight of Si, up to 2.0% by weight of Al, up to 1, 0 wt .-% Mn, up to 0.01 wt .-% C, up to 0.01 wt .-% N, up to 0.012 wt .-% S, 0, 1 to 0.5 wt.% Ti and 0, 1 to 0.3 wt .-% P, wherein for the ratio content Ti / content P, each in wt .-%, 1.0 ⁇ content of Ti / content P ⁇ 2.0 applies.
- the non-grain-oriented electrical steel or sheet and components made of such a metal sheet or strip for electrical applications are characterized by increased strength and at the same time good magnetic properties.
- the NO electrical steel strip or sheet according to EP 2 612 942 is produced by forming one of a steel with the one mentioned above Cold-rolled composition existing hot strip to a cold strip and this cold strip is then subjected to a final annealing.
- EP 2 840 157 discloses a non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip or sheet, in particular for electrical engineering applications, made of a steel containing, in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities, 2.0 to 4.5% by weight of Si, 0.03 to 0, 3% by weight of Si, up to 2.0% by weight of Al, up to 1.0% by weight of Mn, up to 0.01% by weight of C, up to 0.01% by weight N, up to 0.001 wt.% S and up to 0.015 wt.% P, with ternary Fe-Si-Zr precipitates present in the microstructure of the electrical steel strip or sheet.
- EP 2 840 157 also discloses a method for making such electrical tapes and sheets which includes a final anneal.
- WO 00/65103 A2 discloses a process for producing non-grain oriented electrical steel in which a steel pre-material containing less than 0.06 wt% C, 0.03 to 2.5 wt% Si, less than 0.4 Wt .-% Al, 0.05 to 1 wt .-% Mn and less than 0.02 wt .-% S, is hot rolled to a hot strip with a thickness of less than 3.5 mm, then pickled and after pickling is rolled to a cold strip having a thickness of 0.2 to 1 mm.
- the invention is thus based on the object to provide a non-grain-oriented electrical steel or sheet, which can be used in electrical machines, in particular electric motors or generators, both as a rotor with improved mechanical properties and as a stator with improved magnetic properties, said different, intrinsically opposing properties, easy to be converted into each other.
- a non-grain-oriented electrical steel or sheet containing in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities (in each case in wt .-%) up to 0.0040 C, 0.0700 to 0.3000 Mn, more than 2,700 to 3,250 Si , 0.5500 to 0.8500 AI, up to 0.0400 P, up to 0.0035 S, up to 0.0070 N and up to 0.0070 Ti, the ratio of magnetization loss Pi 0/50 in the final annealed state to Correction Loss Pi , 0/50 in referenzgeglühten state is at least 1, 10.
- reference annealing of the non-grain oriented electrical strip according to the invention is understood to mean the annealing of the non-grain oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention at the end of the production process, according to the optional step (D) of the method described below, at a temperature of 600 to 1000 ° C.
- the "reference annealed state” is thus the state of the non-grain oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention after annealing at a temperature of 600 to 1000 ° C.
- the “final annealed state” is the state of the non-grain oriented electrical strip according to the invention prior to annealing a temperature of 600 to 1000 ° C, according to the optional step (D) of the method according to the invention.
- the objects are further achieved by a method for producing the non-grain-oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention, by a component for electrical applications, manufactured from such an electrical steel and by the use of electrical tape in components for electrical applications.
- the non-grain-oriented electrical steel according to the invention is made of a steel which, in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities (data in% by weight) up to 0.0040 C,
- the non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip according to the invention is preferably produced from a steel which, in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities (data in each case in% by weight)
- the amounts of the individual elements contained in the steel preferably used according to the invention are determined by methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example by a chemical analysis according to DIN EN 10351: 2011-05 "Chemical Analysis of Ferrous Materials - Analysis of unalloyed and low alloyed steels by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ".
- a non-grain oriented electrical steel strip can be provided which can be used in electric machines, especially electric motors and generators, both as a stator with good magnetic properties and as a rotor with good mechanical properties Characteristics by a reference annealing of the material obtained after the final annealing succeeds.
- reference annealing it is possible according to the invention to obtain a non-grain-oriented electrical steel which has improved magnetic properties in comparison to the finally annealed material, in particular the magnetization losses P at distinct polarizations and / or frequencies are markedly reduced.
- This property of the material according to the invention is expressed by the fact that the ratio of magnetization loss Pi 0/50 in the finally annealed state to magnetization loss Pi 0/50 in the reference annealed state is at least 1.10 , ie, that the magnetization loss Pi 0/50 in the referenced annealed state becomes clear is degraded.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel of the present invention in an as-annealed state has improved mechanical properties compared with the reference-annealed state, which is extremely great, for example, in that the ratios of yield strengths and tensile strengths in the final annealed and reference annealed state are greater than one.
- the non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip or sheet according to the invention in the final annealed state has good mechanical properties and good magnetic properties in the referenced state.
- the non-grain-oriented electrical steel according to the invention compared with a uniform material for rotor and stator, a significant increase in the efficiency of electrical machines is achieved since a material can be provided for the rotor and stator which has either improved mechanical or improved magnetic properties.
- the present invention relates to the non-grain oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention, wherein it has very low, specific grain sizes in the reference annealed state, for example, in this case a particle size of 50 to 130 pm, preferably 70 to 100 pm, before.
- the present invention therefore preferably relates to the non-oriented electrical steel according to the invention, wherein it has a grain size of 50 to 130 ⁇ m, preferably 70 to 100 ⁇ m, in the referenced state.
- the grain size can be determined by all methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example by a structural analysis by means of light microscopy according to ASTM E112 "Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size".
- the non-grain-oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention has an advantageous ratio of reversal losses P in the finally annealed state to reversal losses P in the referenced annealed state.
- the term "finally annealed” including a skin pass (rolling step) is also understood to mean a "semifinished” state.
- the designation P l 0 / 5o means the magnetic reversal loss P at a polarization of 1.0 T and a frequency of 50 Hz.
- the magnetic reversal losses P can be achieved, for example, by means of an Epstein frame, in particular according to DIN EN 60404-2: 2009- 01: Magnetic materials - Part 2: Method for determining the magnetic properties of electrical steel strip and sheet using an Epstein frame.
- corresponding electrical sheets in longitudinal (L), transverse (Q) or in a combination of the two (mixed alignment (M)) are measured.
- the values for the mixed alignment (M) are given in each case.
- the ratio of core loss Pi 0/50 in the finally annealed state to magnetization loss Pi 0/50 in the referenced annealed state is at least 1.10 , preferably at least 1.40 .
- An upper limit for this ratio is, for example, 3.0.
- the ratio Ummagnetleiterspp Pi 5/50 in the final annealed state to core loss Pi 5/50 in referenzglglüht state at least 1.05, more preferably at least 1.20, most preferably at least 1.40 .
- An upper limit for this ratio is 2.0, for example.
- the ratio of core loss RI , OMOO in the finally annealed state to magnetization loss Pi , 0/400 in the referenced state is at least 1.05, more preferably at least 1.20, most preferably at least 1.30 , An upper limit for this ratio is, for example, 1.80.
- the ratio yield strength Rp0.2 in the final annealed condition to yield strength Rp0.2 in the referenced state is at least 1.05, more preferably at least 1.10, most preferably at least 1.15
- the upper limit for this ratio is 1.40.
- the ratio of tensile strength Rm in the final annealed state to tensile strength Rm in the reference-annealed state is preferably at least 1.03, particularly preferably at least 1.05.
- An upper limit for this ratio is for example 1, 20.
- the polarization ratio J2500 / 50 in the finally annealed state to polarization J2500 / 50 in the referenced state is preferably at least 1.01.
- the term J2500 / 50 means the polarization at a field strength of 2500 A / m and a frequency of 50 Hz.
- Methods for determining polarization and field strength are known in the art, for example by means of an Epstein frame for determining the polarization, in particular according to DIN EN 60404-2: 2009-01: Magnetic materials - Part 2: Method for the determination of the magnetic properties of electrical steel and sheet with the aid of an Epstein frame ".
- the non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip or sheet according to the invention has an advantageous higher specific electrical resistance compared to grain-oriented electrical strips according to the prior art.
- Methods for determining the electrical resistivity are known per se to the skilled person, for example by means of a four-point measurement according to DIN EN 60404-13: 2008-05 "Magnetic Materials - Part 13: Testing the Measurement of Density, Resistivity and Stacking Factor of Electrical Sheet and band ".
- the non-grain oriented electrical steel strip or sheet of the present invention may be present in all thicknesses suitable for electrical engineering applications.
- the electrical strip or sheet is present in particularly low thicknesses, since at these low thicknesses the magnetization losses are lower than at higher thicknesses.
- the electrical steel strip or sheet according to the invention is present in a thickness of preferably 0.26 to 0.38 mm, each with a deviation of up to 8%.
- the non-grain-oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention preferably has a yield strength Rp0.2 of 400 to 580 N / mm 2
- the non-grain oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention in the finally annealed state preferably has a yield strength Rp0.2 of 480 to 560 N / mm 2 and in the reference annealed state has a yield strength Rp0.2 of 400 to 500 N / mm 2
- the yield strength according to the invention is determined by methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example tensile test according to DIN EN ISO 6892-1: 2017-02 "Metallic Materials - Tensile Tests - Part 1: Test Method at Room Temperature".
- the non-grain-oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention preferably has a tensile strength Rm of 500 to 680 N / mm 2
- the non-grain oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention in the finally annealed state preferably has a tensile strength Rm of 580 to 640 N / mm 2
- referenzglglüht State preferably has a tensile strength Rm of 500 to 580 N / mm 2 .
- the test is carried out in the longitudinal direction of the material, ie. in the rolling direction of the electrical strip, this is generally the worse direction for the tensile strength due to possibly existing anisotropy in the material.
- the tensile strength is determined according to the invention by methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example tensile test according to DIN EN ISO 6892-1: 2017-02 "Metallic Materials - Tensile Tests - Part 1: Test Method at Room Temperature”.
- the non-grain-oriented electrical steel according to the invention is characterized in that, when finally annealed, it has particularly advantageous mechanical properties and can be converted by annealing into a material which has particularly advantageous magnetic properties.
- this material can be used in electric machines, in particular electric motors or generators, both as a stator and as a rotor, which in turn results in the advantages mentioned above.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing a non-grain-oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention, comprising at least the following method steps:
- step (C) heat treating the cold strip from step (B) to obtain a non-grain oriented electrical steel strip.
- a hot strip composed in the manner explained above for the non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip or strip is first provided, which is subsequently cold-rolled and subjected to a heat treatment as a cold-rolled strip (step (C), also called final annealing).
- step (C) of the process according to the invention a non-grain oriented electrical steel is obtained, which is ready for use in electrical machines and characterized by a stress-free state combined with above-average mechanical properties compared to non-grain oriented electrical grades of the prior art. Due to the fine grain structure also achieved a possible damage by a cutting process such as cutting, punching or laser cutting is less than in non-grain-oriented electrical grades of the prior art.
- the non-grain-oriented electrical steel obtained after step (C) of the process according to the invention may be subjected to a further heat treatment step (D), the so-called "reference annealing".
- a further heat treatment step (D) the so-called "reference annealing”.
- the present invention therefore preferably relates to the process according to the invention, wherein after step
- step (C) the following step (D) is performed:
- step (D) Reference annealing the non-grain oriented electrical tape of step (C) at a temperature of 600 to 1000 ° C.
- Step (A) of the process according to the invention comprises providing a hot strip comprising, in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities (in each case in% by weight) up to 0.0040 C, 0.0700 to 0.3000 Mn, more than 2,700 to 3,250 Si, 0.5500 to 0.8500 AI, up to 0.0400P, up to 0.0035S, up to 0.0070N and up to 0.0070Ti. Preferred amounts are given above.
- the manufacture of the hot strip provided according to the invention can be carried out conventionally as far as possible.
- a molten steel with one of the inventive specification ent speaking composition be melted and cast into a starting material, which may be a slab or thin slab in conventional manufacturing.
- the starting material thus produced can then be brought to a 1020 to 1300 ° C amount of raw material temperature.
- the starting material is, if necessary, reheated or kept at the respective target temperature by utilizing the casting heat.
- the thus heated starting material can then be hot rolled to a hot strip having a thickness which is typically 1.5 to 4 mm, in particular 1.5 to 3 mm.
- the hot rolling begins in a conventional manner at a hot rolling start temperature in the finishing scale of higher than 900 ° C, for example 1000 to 1150 ° C, and ends with a hot rolling end temperature of below 900 ° C, for example 700 to 920 ° C, especially 780 to 850 ° C.
- the resulting hot strip can then be cooled to a coiling temperature and coiled into a coil.
- the reel temperature is ideally chosen so that problems during subsequent cold rolling can be avoided. In practice, the reel temperature for this purpose, for example, at most 700 ° C.
- annealing may be performed after hot rolling or before cold rolling. This annealing step is carried out, for example, at a temperature of 600 to 900 ° C.
- a cleaning step may optionally be carried out by pickling.
- Corresponding methods are known per se to the person skilled in the art.
- Step (B) of the process of the invention comprises cold rolling the hot strip to a cold strip.
- the supplied hot strip is cold rolled to a cold strip having a thickness which is typically the thickness of the electrical strip or sheet of the present invention, i. preferably 0.26 to 0.38 mm, each with a deviation of up to 8% corresponds.
- the method and procedure of cold rolling are known per se to the person skilled in the art.
- the material thickness decrease of the first stitch is not more than 35%. More preferably, the material decrease in the last stitch is not more than 20%.
- Step (C) of the process of the invention comprises heat treating the cold strip from step (B) to obtain a non-grain oriented electrical steel strip.
- step (C) of the process according to the invention is carried out as a continuous process.
- Ent speaking devices ie. Furnaces in which the cold strip from step (B) of the invention Process can be continuously heat treated, are known in the art.
- the heat treatment in step (C) of the process according to the invention is preferably carried out at a temperature of 750 to 1000 ° C., more preferably at 750 to 950 ° C.
- the process speed at said temperature is preferably 60 to 100 m / min.
- the non-grain oriented electrical steel obtained is preferably cooled to ambient temperature and, if desired, can be coated on the surface with a lacquer.
- Corresponding methods and paints are known per se to the person skilled in the art.
- the non-grain oriented electrical steel strip or sheet obtained after step (C) can be advantageously used in electric machines.
- the present invention preferably relates to the process according to the invention, the following step (D) being carried out after step (C):
- step (D) Reference annealing the non-grain oriented electrical tape of step (C) at a temperature of 600 to 1000 ° C.
- Step (D) of the process according to the invention (“reference annealing") is carried out when an electrical steel strip or sheet according to the invention is to be obtained, which has particularly advantageous magnetic properties, which in turn can preferably be used as a stator in an electrical machine.
- Step (D) of the process according to the invention is preferably carried out on components which have been divided off from the non-grain-oriented electrical steel obtained in step (C). From the non-grain oriented electrical steel obtained in step (C), parts are preferably divided by punching or cutting, which are to be used as a stator in electric machines. Methods for this purpose are known per se to the person skilled in the art, for example punching, laser beam cutting, water jet cutting, wire erosion.
- the optional step (D) of the method according to the invention can take place on the components per se, it is also possible according to the invention that the individual components are assembled into packages and then treated in step (D).
- the optional step (D) of the process according to the invention comprises annealing at a temperature of 600 to 1000 ° C, preferably 700 to 900 ° C, more preferably 750 to 850 ° C.
- the temperatures mentioned during in step (C) by up to 20 ° C upwards and down to 15 ° C downwards.
- the heating rate is preferably at least 100 ° C./h.
- the holding time at the final temperature is in this step according to the invention preferably at least 20 min.
- step (D) may be carried out in any manner known to those skilled in the art.
- step (D) is carried out according to the invention in a stationary furnace. It is also possible to carry out step (D) in a continuous annealing process which is known per se to a person skilled in the art.
- the present invention also relates to a component for electrotechnical applications made of an electrical steel strip or sheet according to the invention, preferably with a theoretical density of 7.55 to 7.67 kg / cm 3 .
- components for electrical applications are electric motors, generators or transformers, in particular rotors or stators, which are preferably basic components of an electrical machine, with which one can make an energy conversion, in particular electrical energy into mechanical or mechanical energy into electrical.
- the present invention further relates to the use of an electrical strip or sheet according to the invention in components for electrical applications, especially in electric motors, generators or transformers, in particular rotors or stators, which are preferably basic components of an electrical machine, with which one energy conversion, in particular electrical energy into mechanical or mechanical energy can make into electrical energy.
- the base material used is silicon steels having the compositions according to Table 1.
- Hot-rolled strips are produced from these steels.
- the hot rolling temperature is 845 ° C.
- a cold rolling to a thickness of 2.06 mm.
- Ri i 0/50 , Rp0,2 and Rm determined. The values are shown in Table 2.
- Rp0.2 describes the yield strength of the material and is determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 6892-1: 2017-02 "Metallic materials - Tensile tests - Part 1: Test method at room temperature”.
- the value Rm describes the tensile strength of the material and is determined according to DIN EN ISO 6892-1: 2017-02 "Metallic materials - Tensile tests - Part 1: Test method at room temperature”.
- the polarization is determined according to DI N EN 60404-2: 2009-01: "Magnetic materials - Part 2: Method for determining the magnetic properties of electrical steel strip and sheet using an Epstein frame".
- the loss P is determined according to DI N EN 60404-2: 2009-01: "Magnetic materials - Part 2: Method for determining the magnetic properties of electrical steel strip and sheet using an Epstein frame".
- the non-grain-oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention can preferably be used in electric motors, in particular for use in electric vehicles, or in generators.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Steel Electrode Plates (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Nachglühfähiges, aber nicht nachglühpflichtiges Elektroband Afterglow, but not nachglühpflichtiges electrical tape
Technisches Gebiet Technical area
Die Erfindung betrifft ein nicht kornorientiertes Elektroband oder -blech, insbesondere für elektro technische Anwendungen, ein aus einem solchen Elektroband oder -blech hergestelltes elektro technisches Bauteil, ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Elektrobands oder -blechs und die Verwendung eines solchen Elektrobands oder -blechs in Bauteilen für elektrotechnische Anwendungen. The invention relates to a non-grain oriented electrical steel or sheet, in particular for electrical engineering applications, a manufactured from such an electrical steel strip or sheet electro technical component, a method for producing an electrical tape or sheet and the use of such electrical tape or sheet in components for electrotechnical applications.
Nicht kornorientierte Elektrobänder oder -bleche, in der Fachsprache auch als "NO-Elektroband oder - blech" oder im englischen Sprachgebrauch auch als "NGO-Electrical Steel" ("NGO" = Non Grain Oriented) bezeichnet, werden zur Verstärkung des magnetischen Flusses in Eisenkernen von rotierenden elektrischen Maschinen verwendet. Typische Verwendungen solcher Bleche sind elektrische Motoren und Generatoren, darin insbesondere im Stator oder im Rotor. Non-grain oriented electrical tapes or sheets, also referred to in technical language as "NO electrical steel or sheet" or in the English language as "NGO-Electrical Steel" ("NGO" = Non Grain Oriented), are used to enhance the magnetic flux in Iron cores used by rotating electrical machines. Typical uses of such sheets are electric motors and generators, particularly in the stator or in the rotor.
Die im Stator und im Rotor einer elektrischen Maschine, insbesondere eines Motors oder Generators, eingesetzten nicht kornorientierten Elektrobänder weisen bevorzugt unterschiedliche mechanische und magnetische Eigenschaften auf. Das Rotorpaket einer elektrischen Maschine wird bevorzugt aus einem Material hergestellt, welches merklich erhöhte mechanische Eigenschaften aufweist, wohingegen der Stator erhöhte magnetische Eigenschaften aufweisen sollte. Das Verbessern der magnetischen Eigenschaften in einem Material wirkt sich im Allgemeinen negativ auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Materials aus, und umgekehrt. Daher wird in der Herstellung von elektrischen Maschinen entweder für Rotor und Stator ein Material gewählt, welches einen Kompromiss zwischen mechanischen und magnetischen Eigenschaften darstellt, oder aber für Rotor und Stator müssen zwei unterschiedliche Elektrabandsorten verwendet werden. The non-grain-oriented electrical tapes used in the stator and in the rotor of an electrical machine, in particular a motor or generator, preferably have different mechanical and magnetic properties. The rotor core of an electrical machine is preferably made of a material which has markedly increased mechanical properties, whereas the stator should have increased magnetic properties. Improving the magnetic properties in a material generally negatively affects the mechanical properties of the material, and vice versa. Therefore, in the manufacture of electric machines either a rotor or stator material is chosen, which represents a compromise between mechanical and magnetic properties, or for rotor and stator two different types of electrical equipment must be used.
Technischer Hintergrund Technical background
EP 2 612 942 offenbart ein nicht kornorientiertes Elektroband oder -blech aus einem Stahl, der neben Eisen und unvermeidbaren Verunreinigungen 1 ,0 bis 4,5 Gew.-% Si, bis zu 2,0 Gew.-% AI, bis zu 1 ,0 Gew.-% Mn, bis zu 0,01 Gew.-% C, bis zu 0,01 Gew.-% N , bis zu 0,012 Gew.-% S, 0, 1 bis 0,5 Gew.% Ti und 0, 1 bis 0,3 Gew.-% P enthält, wobei für das Verhältnis Gehalt Ti/Gehalt P, jeweils in Gew.-%, 1,0 < Gehalt Ti/Gehalt P < 2,0 gilt. Das nicht kornorientierte Elektroband oder -blech und aus einem solchen Blech oder Band gefertigte Bauteile für elektrotechnische Anwendungen zeichnen sich durch erhöhte Festigkeiten und gleichzeitig gute magnetische Eigenschaften aus. Hergestellt wird das NO-Elektroband oder -blech gemäß EP 2 612 942 dadurch, dass ein aus einem Stahl mit der voranstehend genannten Zusammensetzung bestehendes Warmband zu einem Kaltband kaltgewalzt und dieses Kaltband anschließend einer Schlussglühung unterzogen wird . EP 2 612 942 discloses a non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip or sheet comprising, in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities, 1, 0 to 4.5% by weight of Si, up to 2.0% by weight of Al, up to 1, 0 wt .-% Mn, up to 0.01 wt .-% C, up to 0.01 wt .-% N, up to 0.012 wt .-% S, 0, 1 to 0.5 wt.% Ti and 0, 1 to 0.3 wt .-% P, wherein for the ratio content Ti / content P, each in wt .-%, 1.0 <content of Ti / content P <2.0 applies. The non-grain-oriented electrical steel or sheet and components made of such a metal sheet or strip for electrical applications are characterized by increased strength and at the same time good magnetic properties. The NO electrical steel strip or sheet according to EP 2 612 942 is produced by forming one of a steel with the one mentioned above Cold-rolled composition existing hot strip to a cold strip and this cold strip is then subjected to a final annealing.
EP 2 840 157 offenbart ein nicht kornorientiertes Elektroband oder -blech, insbesondere für elektro technische Anwendungen, hergestellt aus einem Stahl, der neben Eisen und unvermeidbaren Verun reinigungen 2,0 bis 4,5 Gew.-% Si, 0,03 bis 0,3 Gew.-% Si, bis zu 2,0 Gew.-% AI, bis zu 1 ,0 Gew.-% Mn, bis zu 0,01 Gew.-.% C, bis zu 0,01 Gew.-% N, bis zu 0,001 Gew.% S und bis zu 0,015 Gew.-% P, enthält, wobei im Gefüge des Elektrobands oder -blechs ternäre Fe-Si-Zr-Ausscheidungen vorliegen . EP 2 840 157 offenbart auch ein Verfahren zum Herstellen solcher Elektrobänder und -bleche, welches ein Schluss glühen beinhaltet. EP 2 840 157 discloses a non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip or sheet, in particular for electrical engineering applications, made of a steel containing, in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities, 2.0 to 4.5% by weight of Si, 0.03 to 0, 3% by weight of Si, up to 2.0% by weight of Al, up to 1.0% by weight of Mn, up to 0.01% by weight of C, up to 0.01% by weight N, up to 0.001 wt.% S and up to 0.015 wt.% P, with ternary Fe-Si-Zr precipitates present in the microstructure of the electrical steel strip or sheet. EP 2 840 157 also discloses a method for making such electrical tapes and sheets which includes a final anneal.
WO 00/65103 A2 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von nicht kornorientiertem Elektroblech, bei dem ein Stahlvormaterial, das weniger als 0,06 Gew.-% C, 0,03 bis 2,5 Gew.-% Si, weniger als 0,4 Gew.-% AI, 0,05 bis 1 Gew.-% Mn und weniger als 0,02 Gew.-% S enthält, zu einem Warmband mit einer Dicke von kleiner 3,5 mm warmgewalzt wird, anschließend gebeizt und nach dem Beizen zu einem Kaltband mit einer Dicke von 0,2 bis 1 mm gewalzt wird . WO 00/65103 A2 discloses a process for producing non-grain oriented electrical steel in which a steel pre-material containing less than 0.06 wt% C, 0.03 to 2.5 wt% Si, less than 0.4 Wt .-% Al, 0.05 to 1 wt .-% Mn and less than 0.02 wt .-% S, is hot rolled to a hot strip with a thickness of less than 3.5 mm, then pickled and after pickling is rolled to a cold strip having a thickness of 0.2 to 1 mm.
Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein nicht kornorientiertes Elektroband oder -blech bereit zustellen, welches in elektrischen Maschinen, insbesondere Elektromotoren oder Generatoren, sowohl als Rotor mit verbesserten mechanischen Eigenschaften als auch als Stator mit verbesserten magnetischen Eigenschaften eingesetzt werden kann, wobei diese verschiedenen, an sich entgegenstehenden Eigen schaften, leicht ineinander überführbar sein sollen . The invention is thus based on the object to provide a non-grain-oriented electrical steel or sheet, which can be used in electrical machines, in particular electric motors or generators, both as a rotor with improved mechanical properties and as a stator with improved magnetic properties, said different, intrinsically opposing properties, easy to be converted into each other.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch ein nicht kornorientiertes Elektroband oder -blech, enthaltend neben Eisen und unvermeidbaren Verunreinigungen (Angaben jeweils in Gew.-%) bis zu 0,0040 C, 0,0700 bis 0,3000 Mn, mehr als 2,700 bis 3,250 Si, 0,5500 bis 0,8500 AI, bis zu 0,0400 P, bis zu 0,0035 S, bis zu 0,0070 N und bis zu 0,0070 Ti, wobei das Verhältnis Ummagnetisierungsverlust Pi 0/50 im schluss geglühten Zustand zu Ummagnetisierungsverlust Pi,0/50 im referenzgeglühten Zustand mindestens 1, 10 beträgt. This object is achieved by a non-grain-oriented electrical steel or sheet, containing in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities (in each case in wt .-%) up to 0.0040 C, 0.0700 to 0.3000 Mn, more than 2,700 to 3,250 Si , 0.5500 to 0.8500 AI, up to 0.0400 P, up to 0.0035 S, up to 0.0070 N and up to 0.0070 Ti, the ratio of magnetization loss Pi 0/50 in the final annealed state to Correction Loss Pi , 0/50 in referenzgeglühten state is at least 1, 10.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung wird unter „Referenzglühung“ des erfindungsgemäßen nicht kornorientierten Elektrobands die Glühung des erfindungsgemäßen nicht kornorientierten Elektrobands oder -blechs am Ende des Herstellverfahrens verstanden, entsprechend dem optionalen Schritt (D) des im Folgenden beschriebenen Verfahrens, bei einer Temperatur von 600 bis 1000 °C. Der „referenz geglühte Zustand“ ist somit der Zustand des erfindungsgemäßen nicht kornorientierten Elektrobands oder -blechs nach Glühung bei einer Temperatur von 600 bis 1000 °C. Entsprechend ist der„schlussgeglühte Zustand“ der Zustand des erfindungsgemäßen nicht kornorientierten Elektrobands vor der Glühung bei einer Temperatur von 600 bis 1000 °C, entsprechend dem optionalen Schritt (D) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. In the context of the present invention, "reference annealing" of the non-grain oriented electrical strip according to the invention is understood to mean the annealing of the non-grain oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention at the end of the production process, according to the optional step (D) of the method described below, at a temperature of 600 to 1000 ° C. The "reference annealed state" is thus the state of the non-grain oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention after annealing at a temperature of 600 to 1000 ° C. Accordingly, the "final annealed state" is the state of the non-grain oriented electrical strip according to the invention prior to annealing a temperature of 600 to 1000 ° C, according to the optional step (D) of the method according to the invention.
Die Aufgaben werden des Weiteren gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen nicht kornorientierten Elektrobands oder -blechs, durch ein Bauteil für elektrotechnische Anwendungen, hergestellt aus einem solchen Elektroband und durch die Verwendung des Elektrobands in Bauteilen für elektrotechnische Anwendungen. The objects are further achieved by a method for producing the non-grain-oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention, by a component for electrical applications, manufactured from such an electrical steel and by the use of electrical tape in components for electrical applications.
Das erfindungsgemäße nicht kornorientierte Elektroband ist aus einem Stahl hergestellt, der neben Eisen und unvermeidbaren Verunreinigungen (Angaben jeweils in Gew.-%) bis zu 0,0040 C, The non-grain-oriented electrical steel according to the invention is made of a steel which, in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities (data in% by weight) up to 0.0040 C,
0,0700 bis 0,3000 Mn, 0.0700 to 0.3000 Mn,
mehr als 2,700 bis 3,250 Si, more than 2,700 to 3,250 Si,
0,5500 bis 0,8500 AI, 0.5500 to 0.8500 AI,
bis zu 0,0400 P, up to 0.0400 P,
bis zu 0,0035 S, up to 0.0035 S,
bis zu 0,0070 N und up to 0.0070 N and
bis zu 0,0070 Ti, enthält. Bevorzugt wird das erfindungsgemäße nicht kornorientierte Elektroband aus einem Stahl hergestellt, der neben Eisen und unvermeidbaren Verunreinigungen (Angaben jeweils in Gew.-%) up to 0.0070 Ti. The non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip according to the invention is preferably produced from a steel which, in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities (data in each case in% by weight)
0,001 bis 0,004 C, 0.001 to 0.004 C,
0, 14 bis 0, 17 Mn, 0, 14 to 0, 17 Mn,
mehr als 2,7 bis 3,25 Si, more than 2.7 to 3.25 Si,
0,6 bis 0,75 AI, 0.6 to 0.75 AI,
bis zu 0,030 Gew.-% vor, weiter bevorzugt mindestens 0,005 Gew.-%, P, up to 0.030% by weight, more preferably at least 0.005% by weight, P,
0,0005 bis 0,002 S, 0.0005 to 0.002 S,
0,001 bis 0,002 N und 0.001 to 0.002 N and
0,002 bis 0,004 Ti enthält. 0.002 to 0.004 Ti.
Die Mengen der einzelnen in dem erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt eingesetzten Stahl enthaltenen Elemente werden durch dem Fachmann bekannte Verfahren bestimmt, beispielsweise durch eine chemische Analyse nach DIN EN 10351 : 2011-05 „Chemische Analyse von Eisenwerkstoffen - Analyse von unlegierten und niedrig legierten Stählen mittels optischer Emissionsspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma“. The amounts of the individual elements contained in the steel preferably used according to the invention are determined by methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example by a chemical analysis according to DIN EN 10351: 2011-05 "Chemical Analysis of Ferrous Materials - Analysis of unalloyed and low alloyed steels by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ".
Die Erfinder der vorliegenden Erfindung haben herausgefunden, dass ein nicht kornorientiertes Elektroband bereitgestellt werden kann, welches in elektrischen Maschinen, insbesondere Elektromotoren und Generatoren, sowohl als Stator mit guten magnetischen Eigenschaften als auch als Rotor mit guten mechanischen Eigenschaften eingesetzt werden kann, wobei der Wechsel der Eigenschaften durch ein Referenzglühen des nach dem Schlussglühen erhaltenen Materials gelingt. Durch das Referenzglühen kann erfindungsgemäß ein nicht kornorientiertes Elektroband erhalten werden, welches im Vergleich zum schlussgeglühten Material verbesserte magnetische Eigenschaften aufweist, insbesondere sind die Ummagnetisierungsverluste P bei verschiedenen Polarisationen und/oder Frequenzen deutlich erniedrigt. Diese Eigenschaft des erfindungsgemäßen Materials wird dadurch ausgedrückt, dass das Verhältnis von Ummagnetisierungsverlust Pi 0/50 im schlussgeglühten Zustand zu Ummagnetisierungsverlust Pi 0/50 im referenzgeglühten Zustand mindestens 1 , 10 beträgt, d.h ., dass der Ummagnetisierungsverlust Pi 0/50 im referenzgeglühten Zustand deutlich erniedrigt ist. Andererseits weist das erfindungsgemäße korn orientierte Elektroband in nicht geglühtem Zustand im Vergleich zu dem referenzgeglühten Zustand verbesserte mechanische Eigenschaften auf, was sich beispielsweise dadurch äußerst, dass das Ver hältnisse der Streckgrenzen und Zugfestigkeiten im schlussgeglühten und referenzgeglühten Zustand größer als 1 sind . The inventors of the present invention have found that a non-grain oriented electrical steel strip can be provided which can be used in electric machines, especially electric motors and generators, both as a stator with good magnetic properties and as a rotor with good mechanical properties Characteristics by a reference annealing of the material obtained after the final annealing succeeds. By reference annealing, it is possible according to the invention to obtain a non-grain-oriented electrical steel which has improved magnetic properties in comparison to the finally annealed material, in particular the magnetization losses P at distinct polarizations and / or frequencies are markedly reduced. This property of the material according to the invention is expressed by the fact that the ratio of magnetization loss Pi 0/50 in the finally annealed state to magnetization loss Pi 0/50 in the reference annealed state is at least 1.10 , ie, that the magnetization loss Pi 0/50 in the referenced annealed state becomes clear is degraded. On the other hand, the grain-oriented electrical steel of the present invention in an as-annealed state has improved mechanical properties compared with the reference-annealed state, which is extremely great, for example, in that the ratios of yield strengths and tensile strengths in the final annealed and reference annealed state are greater than one.
Erfindungsgemäß weist das erfindungsgemäße nicht kornorientierte Elektroband oder -blech im schluss geglühtem Zustand gute mechanische und im referenzgeglühtem Zustand gute magnetische Eigen schaften auf. Dadurch gelingt mit dem erfindungsgemäßen nicht kornorientierten Elektroband verglichen mit einem einheitlichen Material für Rotor und Stator eine deutliche Effizienzsteigerung von elektrischen Maschinen, da für Rotor und Stator jeweils ein Material bereitgestellt werden kann, welches entweder verbesserte mechanische oder verbesserte magnetische Eigenschaften aufweist. According to the invention, the non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip or sheet according to the invention in the final annealed state has good mechanical properties and good magnetic properties in the referenced state. As a result, with the non-grain-oriented electrical steel according to the invention, compared with a uniform material for rotor and stator, a significant increase in the efficiency of electrical machines is achieved since a material can be provided for the rotor and stator which has either improved mechanical or improved magnetic properties.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung das erfindungsgemäße nicht körn orientierte Elektroband oder -blech, wobei es im referenzgeglühten Zustand sehr niedrige, spezifische Korngrößen aufweist, beispielsweise liegt hierbei eine Korngröße von 50 bis 130 pm, bevorzugt 70 bis 100 pm, vor. Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft daher bevorzugt das erfindungsgemäße nicht korn orientierte Elektroband, wobei es im referenzgeglühten Zustand eine Korngröße von 50 bis 130 pm, bevorzugt 70 bis 100 pm, aufweist. Die Korngröße kann durch alle dem Fachmann bekannten Verfahren bestimmt werden, beispielsweise durch eine Gefügeuntersuchung mittels Lichtmikroskopie nach ASTM E112„Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size“. Das erfindungsgemäße nicht kornorientierte Elektroband oder -blech weist ein vorteilhaftes Verhältnis von Ummagnetisierungsverlusten P im schlussgeglühten Zustand zu Ummagnetisierungsverlusten P im referenzgeglühten Zustand auf. Erfindungsgemäß wird unter dem„schlussgeglühten“ Zustand inkl. eines Dressierstichs (Walzschritt) auch ein „semifinished“ Zustand verstanden . Im Rahmen dieser Erfindung bedeutet die Bezeichnung Pl 0/5o den Ummagnetisierungsverlust P bei einer Polarisation von 1 ,0 T und einer Frequenz von 50 Hz. Die Ummagnetisierungsverluste P können erfindungsgemäß beispielsweise mittels eines Epsteinrahmens, insbesondere gemäß DIN EN 60404-2 :2009-01 : Magnetische Werkstoffe - Teil 2: Verfahren zur Bestimmung der magnetischen Eigenschaften von Elektroband und -blech mit Hilfe eines Epsteinrahmens“ bestimmt werden. Dabei werden entsprechende Elektrobleche in Längs- (L), Quer- (Q) oder in einer Kombination der beiden (Mischausrichtung (M)) vermessen . Im Rahmen dieser Erfindung werden jeweils die Werte für die Mischausrichtung (M) angegeben. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the non-grain oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention, wherein it has very low, specific grain sizes in the reference annealed state, for example, in this case a particle size of 50 to 130 pm, preferably 70 to 100 pm, before. The present invention therefore preferably relates to the non-oriented electrical steel according to the invention, wherein it has a grain size of 50 to 130 μm, preferably 70 to 100 μm, in the referenced state. The grain size can be determined by all methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example by a structural analysis by means of light microscopy according to ASTM E112 "Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size". The non-grain-oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention has an advantageous ratio of reversal losses P in the finally annealed state to reversal losses P in the referenced annealed state. According to the invention, the term "finally annealed" including a skin pass (rolling step) is also understood to mean a "semifinished" state. In the context of this invention, the designation P l 0 / 5o means the magnetic reversal loss P at a polarization of 1.0 T and a frequency of 50 Hz. The magnetic reversal losses P can be achieved, for example, by means of an Epstein frame, in particular according to DIN EN 60404-2: 2009- 01: Magnetic materials - Part 2: Method for determining the magnetic properties of electrical steel strip and sheet using an Epstein frame. In this case, corresponding electrical sheets in longitudinal (L), transverse (Q) or in a combination of the two (mixed alignment (M)) are measured. In the context of this invention, the values for the mixed alignment (M) are given in each case.
In dem erfindungsgemäßen nicht kornorientierten Elektroband oder -blech beträgt das Verhältnis von Ummagnetisierungsverlust Pi 0/50 im schlussgeglüht Zustand zu Ummagnetisierungsverlust Pi 0/50 im referenzgeglüht Zustand mindestens 1 , 10, bevorzugt mindestens 1 ,40. Eine Obergrenze für dieses Verhältnis ist beispielsweise 3,0. In the non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip or sheet according to the invention, the ratio of core loss Pi 0/50 in the finally annealed state to magnetization loss Pi 0/50 in the referenced annealed state is at least 1.10 , preferably at least 1.40 . An upper limit for this ratio is, for example, 3.0.
Bevorzugt beträgt in dem erfindungsgemäßen nicht kornorientierten Elektroband oder -blech das Ver hältnis Ummagnetisierungsverlust Pi 5/50 im schlussgeglüht Zustand zu Ummagnetisierungsverlust Pi 5/50 im referenzgeglüht Zustand mindestens 1,05, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 1,20, ganz besonders bevorzugt mindestens 1,40 . Eine Obergrenze für dieses Verhältnis ist beispielsweise 2,0. Preferably, in the non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip or sheet according to the invention, the ratio Ummagnetisierungsverlust Pi 5/50 in the final annealed state to core loss Pi 5/50 in referenzglglüht state at least 1.05, more preferably at least 1.20, most preferably at least 1.40 , An upper limit for this ratio is 2.0, for example.
Weiter bevorzugt beträgt in dem erfindungsgemäßen nicht kornorientierten Elektroband oder -blech das Verhältnis Ummagnetisierungsverlust RI,OMOO im schlussgeglüht Zustand zu Ummagnetisierungsverlust Pi, 0/400 im referenzgeglüht Zustand mindestens 1 ,05, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 1,20, ganz besonders bevorzugt mindestens 1,30. Eine Obergrenze für dieses Verhältnis ist beispielsweise 1,80. In the non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip or sheet according to the invention, the ratio of core loss RI , OMOO in the finally annealed state to magnetization loss Pi , 0/400 in the referenced state is at least 1.05, more preferably at least 1.20, most preferably at least 1.30 , An upper limit for this ratio is, for example, 1.80.
Diese erfindungsgemäßen Verhältnisse der Ummagnetisierungsverluste bei verschiedenen Polarisationen und/oder Frequenzen zeigen deutlich, dass in dem erfindungsgemäßen nicht kornorientierten Elektroband oder -blech die magnetischen Eigenschaften durch das Referenzglühen signifikant verbessert werden . These ratios according to the invention of the magnetic reversal losses at different polarizations and / or frequencies clearly show that in the non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip or sheet according to the invention the magnetic properties are significantly improved by the reference annealing.
Bevorzugt beträgt in dem erfindungsgemäßen nicht kornorientierten Elektroband oder -blech das Ver hältnis Streckgrenze Rp0,2 im schlussgeglüht Zustand zu Streckgrenze Rp0,2 im referenzgeglüht Zustand mindestens 1,05, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 1, 10, ganz besonders bevorzugt mindestens 1, 15. Eine Obergrenze für dieses Verhältnis ist beispielsweise 1 ,40. Bevorzugt beträgt in dem erfindungsgemäßen nicht kornorientierten Elektroband oder -blech das Verhältnis Zugfestigkeit Rm im schlussgeglüht Zustand zu Zugfestigkeit Rm im referenzgeglüht Zustand mindestens 1,03, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 1,05. Eine Obergrenze für dieses Verhältnis ist beispielsweise 1 ,20. In the non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip or sheet according to the invention, the ratio yield strength Rp0.2 in the final annealed condition to yield strength Rp0.2 in the referenced state is at least 1.05, more preferably at least 1.10, most preferably at least 1.15 For example, the upper limit for this ratio is 1.40. In the non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip or sheet according to the invention, the ratio of tensile strength Rm in the final annealed state to tensile strength Rm in the reference-annealed state is preferably at least 1.03, particularly preferably at least 1.05. An upper limit for this ratio is for example 1, 20.
In dem erfindungsgemäßen nicht kornorientiertes Elektroband oder -blech beträgt das Verhältnis Polarisation J2500/50 im schlussgeglüht Zustand zu Polarisation J2500/50 im referenzgeglüht Zustand bevorzugt mindestens 1,01. Im Rahmen dieser Erfindung bedeutet die Bezeichnung J2500/50 die Polarisation bei einer Feldstärke von 2500 A/m und einer Frequenz von 50 Hz. Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Polarisation und Feldstärke sind dem Fachmann bekannt, beispielsweise mittels eines Epstein rahmens zur Bestimmung der Polarisation, insbesondere gemäß DIN EN 60404-2 :2009-01 : Magnetische Werkstoffe - Teil 2 : Verfahren zur Bestimmung der magnetischen Eigenschaften von Elektroband und - blech mit Hilfe eines Epsteinrahmens“. In the non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip or sheet according to the invention, the polarization ratio J2500 / 50 in the finally annealed state to polarization J2500 / 50 in the referenced state is preferably at least 1.01. In the context of this invention, the term J2500 / 50 means the polarization at a field strength of 2500 A / m and a frequency of 50 Hz. Methods for determining polarization and field strength are known in the art, for example by means of an Epstein frame for determining the polarization, in particular according to DIN EN 60404-2: 2009-01: Magnetic materials - Part 2: Method for the determination of the magnetic properties of electrical steel and sheet with the aid of an Epstein frame ".
Das erfindungsgemäße nicht kornorientierte Elektroband oder -blech weist gegenüber kornorientierten Elektrobändern gemäß Stand der Technik einen vorteilhaften höheren spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand auf. Verfahren zur Bestimmung des spezifischen elektrischen Widerstands sind dem Fach mann an sich bekannt, beispielsweise anhand einer Vierpunktmessung nach DIN EN 60404-13 : 2008-05 „Magnetische Werkstoffe - Teil 13: Prüfung zur Messung der Dichte, des spezifischen Widerstandes und des Stapelfaktors von Elektroblech und -band“. The non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip or sheet according to the invention has an advantageous higher specific electrical resistance compared to grain-oriented electrical strips according to the prior art. Methods for determining the electrical resistivity are known per se to the skilled person, for example by means of a four-point measurement according to DIN EN 60404-13: 2008-05 "Magnetic Materials - Part 13: Testing the Measurement of Density, Resistivity and Stacking Factor of Electrical Sheet and band ".
Im Allgemeinen kann das erfindungsgemäße nicht kornorientierte Elektroband oder -blech in allen Dicken vorliegen, die für elektrotechnische Anwendungen geeignet sind. Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt liegt das Elektroband oder -blech in besonders niedrigen Dicken vor, da bei diesen niedrigen Dicken die Magnetisierungsverluste niedriger sind als bei höheren Dicken . Das erfindungsgemäße Elektroband oder -blech liegt in einer Dicke von bevorzugt 0,26 bis 0,38 mm, jeweils mit einer Abweichung von bis zu 8%, vor. In general, the non-grain oriented electrical steel strip or sheet of the present invention may be present in all thicknesses suitable for electrical engineering applications. According to the invention, the electrical strip or sheet is present in particularly low thicknesses, since at these low thicknesses the magnetization losses are lower than at higher thicknesses. The electrical steel strip or sheet according to the invention is present in a thickness of preferably 0.26 to 0.38 mm, each with a deviation of up to 8%.
Das erfindungsgemäße nicht kornorientierte Elektroband oder -blech weist bevorzugt eine Streckgrenze Rp0,2 von 400 bis 580 N/mm2 auf, wobei das erfindungsgemäße nicht kornorientierte Elektroband oder -blech im schlussgeglüht Zustand bevorzugt eine Streckgrenze Rp0,2 von 480 bis 560 N/mm2 und im referenzgeglüht Zustand eine Streckgrenze Rp0,2 von 400 bis 500 N/mm2 aufweist. Die Streckgrenze wird erfindungsgemäß nach dem Fachmann bekannten Verfahren, beispielsweise Zugversuch nach DI N EN ISO 6892-1 : 2017-02 „Metallische Werkstoffe - Zugversuche - Teil 1 : Prüfverfahren bei Raum temperatur“, bestimmt. Das erfindungsgemäße nicht kornorientierte Elektroband oder -blech weist bevorzugt eine Zugfestigkeit Rm von 500 bis 680 N/mm2 auf, wobei das erfindungsgemäße nicht kornorientierte Elektroband oder -blech im schlussgeglüht Zustand bevorzugt eine Zugfestigkeit Rm von 580 bis 640 N/mm2 und im referenzgeglüht Zustand bevorzugt eine Zugfestigkeit Rm von 500 bis 580 N/mm2 aufweist. Die Prüfung erfolgt in Längsrichtung des Materials, d .h . in Walzrichtung des Elektrobands, hierbei handelt es sich im Allgemeinen um die schlechtere Richtung für die Zugfestigkeit aufgrund von ggf. vorhandener Anisotropie im Material . Die Zugfestigkeit wird erfindungsgemäß nach dem Fachmann bekannten Verfahren, beispielsweise Zugversuch nach DIN EN ISO 6892-1 : 2017-02„Metallische Werkstoffe - Zugversuche - Teil 1 : Prüfverfahren bei Raumtemperatur“, bestimmt. The non-grain-oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention preferably has a yield strength Rp0.2 of 400 to 580 N / mm 2 , wherein the non-grain oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention in the finally annealed state preferably has a yield strength Rp0.2 of 480 to 560 N / mm 2 and in the reference annealed state has a yield strength Rp0.2 of 400 to 500 N / mm 2 . The yield strength according to the invention is determined by methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example tensile test according to DIN EN ISO 6892-1: 2017-02 "Metallic Materials - Tensile Tests - Part 1: Test Method at Room Temperature". The non-grain-oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention preferably has a tensile strength Rm of 500 to 680 N / mm 2 , wherein the non-grain oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention in the finally annealed state preferably has a tensile strength Rm of 580 to 640 N / mm 2 and referenzglglüht State preferably has a tensile strength Rm of 500 to 580 N / mm 2 . The test is carried out in the longitudinal direction of the material, ie. in the rolling direction of the electrical strip, this is generally the worse direction for the tensile strength due to possibly existing anisotropy in the material. The tensile strength is determined according to the invention by methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example tensile test according to DIN EN ISO 6892-1: 2017-02 "Metallic Materials - Tensile Tests - Part 1: Test Method at Room Temperature".
Das erfindungsgemäße nicht kornorientierte Elektroband zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass es im schluss geglüht Zustand besonders vorteilhafte mechanische Kennwerte aufweist und durch Glühen in ein Material überführt werden kann, welches besonders vorteilhafte magnetische Eigenschaften aufweist. Somit kann dieses Material in elektrischen Maschinen, insbesondere Elektromotoren oder Generatoren, sowohl als Stator als auch als Rotor eingesetzt werden, was wiederum die oben genannten Vorteile ergibt. The non-grain-oriented electrical steel according to the invention is characterized in that, when finally annealed, it has particularly advantageous mechanical properties and can be converted by annealing into a material which has particularly advantageous magnetic properties. Thus, this material can be used in electric machines, in particular electric motors or generators, both as a stator and as a rotor, which in turn results in the advantages mentioned above.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen, nicht kornorientierten Elektrobands oder -blechs umfassend mindestens die folgenden Verfahrensschritte: The present invention also relates to a method for producing a non-grain-oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention, comprising at least the following method steps:
(A) Bereitstellen eines Warmbands enthaltend neben Eisen und unvermeidbaren Verunreinigungen (Angaben jeweils in Gew.-%) bis zu 0,0040 C, (A) providing a hot strip containing, in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities (in each case in% by weight) up to 0.0040 C,
0,0700 bis 0,3000 Mn, 0.0700 to 0.3000 Mn,
mehr als 2,700 bis 3,250 Si, more than 2,700 to 3,250 Si,
0,5500 bis 0,8500 AI, 0.5500 to 0.8500 AI,
bis zu 0,0400 P, up to 0.0400 P,
bis zu 0,0035 S, up to 0.0035 S,
bis zu 0,0070 N und up to 0.0070 N and
bis zu 0,0070 Ti, up to 0.0070 Ti,
(B) Kaltwalzen des Warmbands zu einem nicht kornorientierten Elektroband, und (B) cold rolling the hot strip to a non-grain oriented electrical steel, and
(C) Wärmebehandeln des Kaltbands aus Schritt (B), um ein nicht kornorientiertes Elektroband zu erhalten. Dazu wird zunächst ein in der voranstehend für das erfindungsgemäße nicht kornorientierte Elektroband oder -blech erläuterten Weise zusammengesetztes Warmband zur Verfügung gestellt, das anschließend kaltgewalzt und als kaltgewalztes Band einer Wärmebehandlung (Schritt (C), auch Schlussglühung genannt) unterzogen wird . Nach Schritt (C) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird ein nicht korn orientiertes Elektroband erhalten, welches für die Verwendung in elektrischen Maschinen einsatzbereit ist und sich durch einen spannungsfreien Zustand kombiniert mit überdurchschnittlich guten mechanischen Eigenschaften im Vergleich zu nicht kornorientierten Elektrabandsorten des Standes der Technik auszeichnet. Durch das ebenfalls erzielte feine Korngefüge ist eine mögliche Schädigung durch einen Trennprozess wie Schneiden, Stanzen oder Laserschneiden geringer als bei nicht kornorientierten Elektrabandsorten des Standes der Technik. (C) heat treating the cold strip from step (B) to obtain a non-grain oriented electrical steel strip. For this purpose, a hot strip composed in the manner explained above for the non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip or strip is first provided, which is subsequently cold-rolled and subjected to a heat treatment as a cold-rolled strip (step (C), also called final annealing). After step (C) of the process according to the invention, a non-grain oriented electrical steel is obtained, which is ready for use in electrical machines and characterized by a stress-free state combined with above-average mechanical properties compared to non-grain oriented electrical grades of the prior art. Due to the fine grain structure also achieved a possible damage by a cutting process such as cutting, punching or laser cutting is less than in non-grain-oriented electrical grades of the prior art.
Erfindungsgemäß kann das nach Schritt (C) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erhaltene nicht korn orientierte Elektroband einer weiteren Wärmebehandlung Schritt (D), dem so genannten „Referenz glühen“ unterzogen werden. Dadurch werden ggf. durch den Trennprozess an den Trennkanten ent standene Beschädigungen repariert und das Kornwachstum im Materialkern angeregt. Dies hat zur Folge, dass das so behandelte Material exzellente magnetische Eigenschaften hat. According to the invention, the non-grain-oriented electrical steel obtained after step (C) of the process according to the invention may be subjected to a further heat treatment step (D), the so-called "reference annealing". As a result, if necessary by the separation process at the separation edges ent standing damage repaired and the grain growth in the material core excited. As a result, the material thus treated has excellent magnetic properties.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft daher bevorzugt das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, wobei nach SchrittThe present invention therefore preferably relates to the process according to the invention, wherein after step
(C) der folgende Schritt (D) durchgeführt wird : (C) the following step (D) is performed:
(D) Referenzglühen des nicht kornorientierten Elektrobands aus Schritt (C) bei einer Temperatur von 600 bis 1000 °C. (D) Reference annealing the non-grain oriented electrical tape of step (C) at a temperature of 600 to 1000 ° C.
Die einzelnen Schritte des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden im Folgenden detailliert beschrieben. The individual steps of the method according to the invention are described in detail below.
Schritt (A) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens umfasst das Bereitstellen eines Warmbands enthaltend neben Eisen und unvermeidbaren Verunreinigungen (Angaben jeweils in Gew.-%) bis zu 0,0040 C, 0,0700 bis 0,3000 Mn, mehr als 2,700 bis 3,250 Si, 0,5500 bis 0,8500 AI, bis zu 0,0400 P, bis zu 0,0035 S, bis zu 0,0070 N und bis zu 0,0070 Ti. Bevorzugte Mengen sind weiter oben angegeben . Step (A) of the process according to the invention comprises providing a hot strip comprising, in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities (in each case in% by weight) up to 0.0040 C, 0.0700 to 0.3000 Mn, more than 2,700 to 3,250 Si, 0.5500 to 0.8500 AI, up to 0.0400P, up to 0.0035S, up to 0.0070N and up to 0.0070Ti. Preferred amounts are given above.
Die Herstellung des erfindungsgemäß bereitgestellten Warmbands kann weitestgehend konventionell erfolgen. Dazu kann zunächst eine Stahlschmelze mit einer der erfindungsgemäßen Vorgabe ent sprechenden Zusammensetzung erschmolzen und zu einem Vormaterial vergossen werden, bei dem es sich bei konventioneller Fertigung um eine Bramme oder Dünnbramme handeln kann . Das so erzeugte Vormaterial kann anschließend auf eine 1020 bis 1300 °C betragende Vormaterial temperatur gebracht werden . Dazu wird das Vormaterial erforderlichenfalls wiedererwärmt oder unter Ausnutzung der Gießhitze auf der jeweiligen Zieltemperatur gehalten. The manufacture of the hot strip provided according to the invention can be carried out conventionally as far as possible. For this purpose, first a molten steel with one of the inventive specification ent speaking composition be melted and cast into a starting material, which may be a slab or thin slab in conventional manufacturing. The starting material thus produced can then be brought to a 1020 to 1300 ° C amount of raw material temperature. For this purpose, the starting material is, if necessary, reheated or kept at the respective target temperature by utilizing the casting heat.
Das so erwärmte Vormaterial kann dann zu einem Warmband mit einer Dicke warmgewalzt werden, die typischerweise 1 ,5 bis 4 mm, insbesondere 1 ,5 bis 3 mm, beträgt. Das Warmwalzen beginnt dabei in an sich bekannter Weise bei einer Warmwalzanfangstemperatur in der Fertigstaffel von höher als 900 °C, beispielsweise 1000 bis 1150 °C, und endet mit einer Warmwalzendtemperatur von unterhalb 900 °C, beispielsweise 700 bis 920 °C, insbesondere 780 bis 850 °C. The thus heated starting material can then be hot rolled to a hot strip having a thickness which is typically 1.5 to 4 mm, in particular 1.5 to 3 mm. The hot rolling begins in a conventional manner at a hot rolling start temperature in the finishing scale of higher than 900 ° C, for example 1000 to 1150 ° C, and ends with a hot rolling end temperature of below 900 ° C, for example 700 to 920 ° C, especially 780 to 850 ° C.
Das erhaltene Warmband kann anschließend auf eine Haspeltemperatur abgekühlt und zu einem Coil gehaspelt werden. Die Haspeltemperatur wird dabei idealerweise so gewählt, dass Probleme beim anschließend durchgeführten Kaltwalzen vermieden werden . In der Praxis beträgt die Haspeltemperatur hierzu beispielsweise höchstens 700 °C. The resulting hot strip can then be cooled to a coiling temperature and coiled into a coil. The reel temperature is ideally chosen so that problems during subsequent cold rolling can be avoided. In practice, the reel temperature for this purpose, for example, at most 700 ° C.
Optional kann im aufgehaspelten Zustand nach dem Warmwalzen oder vor dem Kaltwalzen ein Glühen durchgeführt werden. Dieser Glühschritt wird beispielsweise bei einer Temperatur von 600 bis 900 °C durchgeführt. Optionally, annealing may be performed after hot rolling or before cold rolling. This annealing step is carried out, for example, at a temperature of 600 to 900 ° C.
Vor dem Kaltwalzen in Schritt (B) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kann optional ein Reinigungsschritt durch Beizen erfolgen . Entsprechende Verfahren sind dem Fachmann an sich bekannt. Before the cold rolling in step (B) of the process according to the invention, a cleaning step may optionally be carried out by pickling. Corresponding methods are known per se to the person skilled in the art.
Schritt (B) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens umfasst das Kaltwalzen des Warmbands zu einem Kalt band . Step (B) of the process of the invention comprises cold rolling the hot strip to a cold strip.
Das bereitgestellte Warmband wird zu einem Kaltband mit einer Dicke kaltgewalzt, die typischerweise der Dicke des erfindungsgemäßen Elektrobands oder -blechs, d .h. bevorzugt 0,26 bis 0,38 mm, jeweils mit einer Abweichung von bis zu 8%, entspricht. Verfahren und Vorgehensweise des Kaltwalzens sind dem Fachmann an sich bekannt. Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt beträgt die Materialdickenabnahme des ersten Stichs nicht mehr als 35%. Weiter bevorzugt beträgt die Materialabnahme im letzten Stich nicht mehr als 20%. The supplied hot strip is cold rolled to a cold strip having a thickness which is typically the thickness of the electrical strip or sheet of the present invention, i. preferably 0.26 to 0.38 mm, each with a deviation of up to 8% corresponds. The method and procedure of cold rolling are known per se to the person skilled in the art. According to the invention, the material thickness decrease of the first stitch is not more than 35%. More preferably, the material decrease in the last stitch is not more than 20%.
Schritt (C) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens umfasst das Wärmebehandeln des Kaltbands aus Schritt (B), um ein nicht kornorientiertes Elektroband zu erhalten . Step (C) of the process of the invention comprises heat treating the cold strip from step (B) to obtain a non-grain oriented electrical steel strip.
Bevorzugt erfolgt Schritt (C) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens als kontinuierlicher Prozess. Ent sprechende Vorrichtungen, d.h . Öfen, in denen das Kaltband aus Schritt (B) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kontinuierlich wärmebehandelt werden kann, sind dem Fachmann an sich bekannt. Die Wärmebehandlung in Schritt (C) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erfolgt bevorzugt bei einer Temperatur von 750 bis 1000 °C, besonders bevorzugt bei 750 bis 950 °C. Die Prozessgeschwindigkeit bei der genannten Temperatur beträgt bevorzugt 60 bis 100 m/min. Preferably, step (C) of the process according to the invention is carried out as a continuous process. Ent speaking devices, ie. Furnaces in which the cold strip from step (B) of the invention Process can be continuously heat treated, are known in the art. The heat treatment in step (C) of the process according to the invention is preferably carried out at a temperature of 750 to 1000 ° C., more preferably at 750 to 950 ° C. The process speed at said temperature is preferably 60 to 100 m / min.
Nach der in Schritt (C) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erfolgten Wärmebehandlung wird das erhaltene nicht kornorientierte Elektroband bevorzugt auf Umgebungstemperatur abgekühlt und kann, falls gewünscht, an der Oberfläche mit einem Lack beschichtet werden . Entsprechende Verfahren und Lacke sind dem Fachmann an sich bekannt. Das nach Schritt (C) erhaltene nicht kornorientierte Elektroband oder -blech kann vorteilhaft in elektrischen Maschinen eingesetzt werden. After the heat treatment carried out in step (C) of the process according to the invention, the non-grain oriented electrical steel obtained is preferably cooled to ambient temperature and, if desired, can be coated on the surface with a lacquer. Corresponding methods and paints are known per se to the person skilled in the art. The non-grain oriented electrical steel strip or sheet obtained after step (C) can be advantageously used in electric machines.
Bevorzugt betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, wobei nach Schritt (C) der folgende Schritt (D) durchgeführt wird: The present invention preferably relates to the process according to the invention, the following step (D) being carried out after step (C):
(D) Referenzglühen des nicht kornorientierten Elektrobands aus Schritt (C) bei einer Temperatur von 600 bis 1000 °C. (D) Reference annealing the non-grain oriented electrical tape of step (C) at a temperature of 600 to 1000 ° C.
Schritt (D) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens („Referenzglühen“) wird dann durchgeführt, wenn ein erfindungsgemäßes Elektroband- oder blech erhalten werden soll, welches besonders vorteilhafte magnetische Eigenschaften aufweist, welches wiederum bevorzugt als Stator in einer elektrischen Maschine eingesetzt werden kann. Schritt (D) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erfolgt bevorzugt an Bauteilen, die aus dem nicht kornorientierten Elektroband, welches in Schritt (C) erhalten wird, abgeteilt worden sind. Bevorzugt werden aus dem nicht kornorientierten Elektroband, welches in Schritt (C) erhalten wird, Teile durch Stanzen oder Schneiden abgeteilt, die als Stator in elektrischen Maschinen eingesetzt werden sollen. Verfahren dazu sind dem Fachmann an sich bekannt, beispielsweise Stanzen, Laserstrahlschneiden, Wasserstrahlschneiden, Drahterodieren. Der optionale Schritt (D) des erfindungs gemäßen Verfahrens kann erfindungsgemäß an den Bauteilen an sich erfolgen, es ist erfindungsgemäß auch möglich, dass die einzelnen Bauteile zu Paketen zusammengestellt werden und dann in Schritt (D) behandelt werden. Step (D) of the process according to the invention ("reference annealing") is carried out when an electrical steel strip or sheet according to the invention is to be obtained, which has particularly advantageous magnetic properties, which in turn can preferably be used as a stator in an electrical machine. Step (D) of the process according to the invention is preferably carried out on components which have been divided off from the non-grain-oriented electrical steel obtained in step (C). From the non-grain oriented electrical steel obtained in step (C), parts are preferably divided by punching or cutting, which are to be used as a stator in electric machines. Methods for this purpose are known per se to the person skilled in the art, for example punching, laser beam cutting, water jet cutting, wire erosion. According to the invention, the optional step (D) of the method according to the invention can take place on the components per se, it is also possible according to the invention that the individual components are assembled into packages and then treated in step (D).
Der optionale Schritt (D) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens umfasst das Glühen bei einer Temperatur von 600 bis 1000 °C, bevorzugt 700 bis 900 °C, besonders bevorzugt 750 bis 850 °C. Erfindungsgemäß können die genannten Temperaturen während in Schritt (C) um bis zu 20 °C nach oben und um bis 15 °C nach unten schwanken. In dem optionalen Schritt (D) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens beträgt die Aufheizrate bevorzugt mindestens 100 °C/h. Die Haltezeit bei der Endtemperatur beträgt in diesem Schritt erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt wenigstens 20 min . The optional step (D) of the process according to the invention comprises annealing at a temperature of 600 to 1000 ° C, preferably 700 to 900 ° C, more preferably 750 to 850 ° C. According to the invention, the temperatures mentioned during in step (C) by up to 20 ° C upwards and down to 15 ° C downwards. In the optional step (D) of the process according to the invention, the heating rate is preferably at least 100 ° C./h. The holding time at the final temperature is in this step according to the invention preferably at least 20 min.
Im Allgemeinen kann der optionale Schritt (D) auf alle Arten erfolgen, die dem Fachmann bekannt sind . Bevorzugt erfolgt Schritt (D) erfindungsgemäß in einer ruhenden Ofenanlage. Es ist ebenfalls möglich, Schritt (D) in einem kontinuierlichen Glühprozess, welcher dem Fachmann an sich bekannt ist durch zuführen . In general, the optional step (D) may be carried out in any manner known to those skilled in the art. Preferably, step (D) is carried out according to the invention in a stationary furnace. It is also possible to carry out step (D) in a continuous annealing process which is known per se to a person skilled in the art.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft auch ein Bauteil für elektrotechnische Anwendungen, hergestellt aus einem erfindungsgemäßen Elektroband oder -blech, bevorzugt mit einer theoretischen Dichte von 7,55 bis 7,67 kg/cm3. Beispiele für Bauteile für elektrotechnische Anwendungen sind Elektromotoren, Generatoren oder Transformatoren, insbesondere Rotoren oder Statoren, welche bevorzugt Grund komponenten einer elektrischen Maschine darstellen, mit denen man eine Energieumwandlung, insbesondere elektrische Energie in mechanische oder mechanische Energie in elektrische vornehmen kann. The present invention also relates to a component for electrotechnical applications made of an electrical steel strip or sheet according to the invention, preferably with a theoretical density of 7.55 to 7.67 kg / cm 3 . Examples of components for electrical applications are electric motors, generators or transformers, in particular rotors or stators, which are preferably basic components of an electrical machine, with which one can make an energy conversion, in particular electrical energy into mechanical or mechanical energy into electrical.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft des Weiteren auch die Verwendung eines erfindungsgemäßen Elektrobands oder -blechs in Bauteilen für elektrotechnische Anwendungen, insbesondere in Elektro motoren, Generatoren oder Transformatoren, insbesondere Rotoren oder Statoren, welche bevorzugt Grundkomponenten einer elektrischen Maschine darstellen, mit denen man eine Energieumwandlung, insbesondere elektrische Energie in mechanische oder mechanische Energie in elektrische Energie vornehmen kann. The present invention further relates to the use of an electrical strip or sheet according to the invention in components for electrical applications, especially in electric motors, generators or transformers, in particular rotors or stators, which are preferably basic components of an electrical machine, with which one energy conversion, in particular electrical energy into mechanical or mechanical energy can make into electrical energy.
Beispiele Examples
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. The invention will be explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments.
Als Grundwerkstoff werden Siliziumstähle mit den Zusammensetzungen gemäß Tabelle 1 verwendet. The base material used is silicon steels having the compositions according to Table 1.
Tabelle 1: Table 1:
Alle Angaben in Gew.-%, Rest zu 100 Gew.-% Fe und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen All data in wt .-%, balance to 100 wt .-% Fe and unavoidable impurities
Aus diesen Stählen werden Warmbänder hergestellt. Die Warmwalztemperatur beträgt dabei 845 °C. Nach Haspeln des Warmbands bei 625 °C erfolgt ein Kaltwalzen auf eine Dicke von 2,06 mm. Anschließend werden die Wert für Rii 0/50, Rp0,2 und Rm bestimmt. Die Werte sind Tabelle 2 dargestellt. Hot-rolled strips are produced from these steels. The hot rolling temperature is 845 ° C. After coiling the hot strip at 625 ° C, a cold rolling to a thickness of 2.06 mm. Subsequently, the value for Ri i 0/50 , Rp0,2 and Rm determined. The values are shown in Table 2.
o O
Tabelle 2: Table 2:
A Verhältnis der entsprechenden Werte schlussgeglüht/referenzgeglüht n H A Ratio of the corresponding values final annealed / referenced annealing n H
W W
bo o o bo oo
Die dargestellten Messwerte wurden durch die folgenden Verfahren bestimmt: The measured values shown were determined by the following methods:
Rp0,2: Rp 0.2:
Der Wert Rp0,2 beschreibt die Streckgrenze des Materials und wird nach DIN EN ISO 6892-1 : 2017-02 „Metallische Werkstoffe - Zugversuche - Teil 1 : Prüfverfahren bei Raumtemperatur“ bestimmt. The value Rp0.2 describes the yield strength of the material and is determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 6892-1: 2017-02 "Metallic materials - Tensile tests - Part 1: Test method at room temperature".
Rm: rm:
Der Wert Rm beschreibt die Zugfestigkeit des Materials und wird nach DIN EN ISO 6892-1 : 2017-02 „Metallische Werkstoffe - Zugversuche - Teil 1 : Prüfverfahren bei Raumtemperatur“ bestimmt. The value Rm describes the tensile strength of the material and is determined according to DIN EN ISO 6892-1: 2017-02 "Metallic materials - Tensile tests - Part 1: Test method at room temperature".
Polarisation: Polarization:
Der Polarisation wird nach DI N EN 60404-2 : 2009-01 :„Magnetische Werkstoffe - Teil 2 : Verfahren zur Bestimmung der magnetischen Eigenschaften von Elektroband und -blech mit Hilfe eines Epstein rahmens“ bestimmt. The polarization is determined according to DI N EN 60404-2: 2009-01: "Magnetic materials - Part 2: Method for determining the magnetic properties of electrical steel strip and sheet using an Epstein frame".
Verluste P: Losses P:
Der Verlust P wird nach DI N EN 60404-2 : 2009-01 : „Magnetische Werkstoffe - Teil 2 : Verfahren zur Bestimmung der magnetischen Eigenschaften von Elektroband und -blech mit Hilfe eines Epstein rahmens“ bestimmt. The loss P is determined according to DI N EN 60404-2: 2009-01: "Magnetic materials - Part 2: Method for determining the magnetic properties of electrical steel strip and sheet using an Epstein frame".
Gewerbliche Anwendbarkeit Industrial Applicability
Das erfindungsgemäße nicht kornorientierte Elektroband oder -blech kann bevorzugt in Elektromotoren, insbesondere für die Verwendung in Elektrofahrzeugen, oder in Generatoren eingesetzt werden. The non-grain-oriented electrical strip or sheet according to the invention can preferably be used in electric motors, in particular for use in electric vehicles, or in generators.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102018201618.6A DE102018201618A1 (en) | 2018-02-02 | 2018-02-02 | Afterglow, but not nachglühpflichtiges electrical tape |
PCT/EP2019/051559 WO2019149582A1 (en) | 2018-02-02 | 2019-01-23 | Electrical steel strip that can be but doesn't have to be reannealed |
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EP3746573A1 true EP3746573A1 (en) | 2020-12-09 |
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EP19701511.8A Pending EP3746573A1 (en) | 2018-02-02 | 2019-01-23 | Electrical steel strip that can be but doesn't have to be reannealed |
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US (1) | US11795530B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3746573A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN111684085A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102018201618A1 (en) |
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DE102018201622A1 (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2019-08-08 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Afterglow, but not nachglühpflichtiges electrical tape |
DE102022116250A1 (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2024-01-04 | Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag | Highly efficient compressor engines |
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JPH01225723A (en) | 1988-03-04 | 1989-09-08 | Nkk Corp | Production of non-oriented silicon steel sheet having excellent magnetic characteristic |
NZ233094A (en) | 1989-04-04 | 1992-07-28 | Eastman Kodak Co | Synthetic fibre with grooves spontaneously transports water on its surface |
CZ284195B6 (en) * | 1991-10-22 | 1998-09-16 | Pohang Iron And Steel Co., Ltd. | Non-oriented electric steel sheets and process for producing thereof |
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US6139650A (en) * | 1997-03-18 | 2000-10-31 | Nkk Corporation | Non-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet and method for manufacturing the same |
JP3307872B2 (en) | 1998-02-06 | 2002-07-24 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Motor for electric vehicle using non-oriented electrical steel sheet and method of manufacturing the electrical steel sheet |
DE19918484C2 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2002-04-04 | Ebg Elektromagnet Werkstoffe | Process for the production of non-grain oriented electrical sheet |
JP4718749B2 (en) * | 2002-08-06 | 2011-07-06 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | High magnetic flux density non-oriented electrical steel sheet for rotating machine and member for rotating machine |
JP5402694B2 (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2014-01-29 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Method for producing non-oriented electrical steel sheet with excellent magnetic properties in rolling direction |
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PL2612942T3 (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2015-03-31 | Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag | Non-grain oriented electrical steel or sheet metal, component produced from same and method for producing non-grain oriented electrical steel or sheet metal |
US20150318093A1 (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2015-11-05 | Nucor Corporation | Electrical steel processing without a post cold-rolling intermediate anneal |
CN102851577B (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2014-05-14 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | High grade non-oriented silicon steel produced by continuous casting and rolling of sheet billet and production method thereof |
EP2840157B1 (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2019-04-03 | ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG | Method for producing a non-grain oriented electrical steel strip or sheet and a non-grain oriented electrical steel strip or sheet produced according to this method |
CN104141092B (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-05-18 | 北京首钢股份有限公司 | A kind of three-dimensional reel iron core transformer non-oriented electrical steel and production method thereof |
CR20170156A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2017-09-22 | Arcelormittal | METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF LEAF CONTAINING A SILICON STEEL SHEET OF NON-ORIENTED GRAIN, STEEL SHEET OBTAINED AND USE OF THIS. |
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KR20160079470A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-07-06 | 현대제철 주식회사 | Oriented electrical steel sheet and method of manufacturing the same |
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CN106119686A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-16 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of cold rolling non-oriented electrical steel and production method thereof |
MX2019009357A (en) | 2017-02-07 | 2019-09-19 | Jfe Steel Corp | Method for producing non-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet, method for producing motor core, and motor core. |
DE102017208146B4 (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2019-06-19 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | NO electrical steel for electric motors |
DE102018201622A1 (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2019-08-08 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Afterglow, but not nachglühpflichtiges electrical tape |
-
2018
- 2018-02-02 DE DE102018201618.6A patent/DE102018201618A1/en active Pending
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2019
- 2019-01-23 CN CN201980011442.7A patent/CN111684085A/en active Pending
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- 2019-01-23 WO PCT/EP2019/051559 patent/WO2019149582A1/en unknown
- 2019-01-23 EP EP19701511.8A patent/EP3746573A1/en active Pending
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MX2020007916A (en) | 2020-09-03 |
CN111684085A (en) | 2020-09-18 |
WO2019149582A1 (en) | 2019-08-08 |
US20210062307A1 (en) | 2021-03-04 |
DE102018201618A1 (en) | 2019-08-08 |
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