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EP3726144B1 - Nulldruck-tropfen-wasser-heizungssystem - Google Patents

Nulldruck-tropfen-wasser-heizungssystem Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3726144B1
EP3726144B1 EP19213706.5A EP19213706A EP3726144B1 EP 3726144 B1 EP3726144 B1 EP 3726144B1 EP 19213706 A EP19213706 A EP 19213706A EP 3726144 B1 EP3726144 B1 EP 3726144B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductor
side conductor
bypass
flow
hot side
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19213706.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3726144A1 (de
Inventor
Sridhar Deivasigamani
Sivaprasad Akasam
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Intellihot Inc
Original Assignee
Intellihot Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US16/383,853 external-priority patent/US11313584B2/en
Application filed by Intellihot Inc filed Critical Intellihot Inc
Publication of EP3726144A1 publication Critical patent/EP3726144A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3726144B1 publication Critical patent/EP3726144B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1051—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/10—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/10—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system
    • F24D3/1058—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system disposition of pipes and pipe connections
    • F24D3/1066—Distributors for heating liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/10—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system
    • F24D3/1091—Mixing cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/04—Gas or oil fired boiler
    • F24D2200/043—More than one gas or oil fired boiler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/02—Fluid distribution means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/02—Fluid distribution means
    • F24D2220/0207—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/02—Fluid distribution means
    • F24D2220/0257—Thermostatic valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/02—Fluid distribution means
    • F24D2220/0264—Hydraulic balancing valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/04—Sensors

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed generally to a tankless water heating system applicable to a wide variety of applications including high rise buildings or any applications where pressure drop is a critical issue. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a water heating system configured to overcome not only pressure drop but also pressure rise associated with tankless water heating systems.
  • High rise buildings are traditionally serviced using tank water heating systems or boiler and tank water heating systems instead of tankless water heating systems due to the pressure required to send water to great elevations.
  • tank systems are energy inefficient as a large amount of water is prepared ahead of time, prior to the existence of a demand, to anticipate such a demand. While in storage, the thermal energy stored in the heated water is wasted to the tank surroundings even with tank insulation.
  • Previous attempts have been made in the water heating industry to use energy efficient water heating systems to service high rise buildings and other venues requiring increased pump pressure but they have not been successful. Introducing a water heater with a large pressure drop causes the difference in pressure between the hot and cold side to be larger than desired and may cause building water distribution systems to not work properly.
  • US2016/341445 discloses a low pressure drop water heating system comprising a cold side conductor having a receiving end and a closed end; a hot side conductor having an exit end and a closed end; a pump; a bypass conductor having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is adapted to the receiving end and the second end is adapted to the exit end; at least one heat exchanger having a flow valve; a heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor disposed on the inlet of one of the at least one heat exchanger; an outlet temperature sensor disposed at an outlet of the at least one heat exchanger closest to the exit end; a system outlet temperature sensor disposed on the exit end and a system inlet temperature sensor disposed on the receiving end.
  • US2016/341445 does not disclose a bypass that is a modulating valve.
  • a zero pressure drop water heating system including a cold side conductor including a receiving end and a closed end; a hot side conductor including an exit end and a closed end; a pump; a bypass conductor including a first end, a second end and a bypass valve disposed between the first end and the second end of the bypass conductor, wherein the first end of the bypass conductor is adapted to the receiving end of the cold side conductor and the second end of the bypass conductor is adapted to the exit end of the hot side conductor, said bypass valve is a modulating valve and said bypass valve is configured for control of a forward flow from said cold side conductor to said hot side conductor through said bypass conductor or a reverse flow from said hot side conductor to said cold side conductor through said bypass conductor; at least one heat exchanger including a flow valve; an inlet temperature sensor disposed on an inlet of the at least one heat exchanger; an outlet temperature sensor disposed on an outlet of the at least one heat exchanger closest to the exit end
  • the bypass conductor further includes an exhaust disposed on the second end of the bypass conductor, the exhaust including at least one opening configured for allowing effluents of the at least one opening to be pointed in a direction from the exit end of the hot side conductor to the closed end of the hot side conductor.
  • the bypass conductor further includes an exhaust disposed on the second end of the bypass conductor and the hot side conductor further includes an upper half and a lower half and the exhaust is configured to be disposed on the upper half of the hot side conductor.
  • the bypass conductor further includes an exhaust disposed on the second end of the bypass conductor and the hot side conductor further includes an upper half and a lower half and the exhaust is an inverted J-shaped exhaust including at least one opening disposed on the upper half of the hot side conductor.
  • the bypass conductor further includes an exhaust disposed on the second end of the bypass conductor, the exhaust further includes at least one opening configured for allowing effluents of the at least one opening to be pointed in a direction perpendicular to a direction from the exit end of the hot side conductor to the closed end of the hot side conductor.
  • the hot side conductor further includes a volume of from about 2.25 litres to about 9 litres (about 0.5 to about 2 gallons) and the bypass conductor includes a tubing of size of from about 1.25cm to about 3.75cm (about 0.5 to about 1.5 inches).
  • a method of controlling a zero pressure drop water heating system to meet a hot water demand comprising: a cold side conductor comprising a receiving end and a closed end; a hot side conductor comprising an exit end and a closed end; a pump; a bypass conductor comprising a first end, a second end and a bypass valve disposed between said first end and said second end of said bypass conductor, wherein said first end of said bypass conductor is adapted to said receiving end of said cold side conductor and said second end of said bypass conductor is adapted to said exit end of said hot side conductor, said bypass valve is a modulating valve and said bypass valve is configured for control a forward flow from said cold side conductor to said hot side conductor through said bypass conductor or a reverse flow from said hot side conductor to said cold side conductor through said bypass conductor; at least one heat exchanger comprising a flow valve; an inlet temperature sensor disposed on an inlet of said at least one heat
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an on-demand water heating system capable of servicing customers at significant elevations without significant ill effects due to pressure drop and positive pressure.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an on-demand water heating system to buildings traditionally serviced only using tank water heating systems due to the inability of previously available tankless water heating systems in countering the ill effects of positive pressure.
  • each embodiment may meet one or more of the foregoing recited objects in any combination. It is not intended that each embodiment will necessarily meet each objective.
  • the present water heating system is significantly more energy efficient as the present water heating system takes advantage of a tankless heating system which only prepares hot water when a demand exists or a short period before a demand exists.
  • the present water heating system is capable of low pressure drop while avoiding positive pressure considered undesirable by users especially at high flowrates.
  • a zero pressure drop condition can be experienced by an end user with the present water heating system.
  • the present water heating system provides a net pressure drop of zero at the system outlet while the desired temperature at the system outlet is maintained.
  • the plumbing systems involved can be complex utilizing variable frequency drive pumps and relief valves setup to provide adequate recirculation and pressure and any deviation in pressure causes inadequate hot water delivery.
  • the present zero pressure drop water heating systems provide drop-in replacements of such conventional systems while maintaining thermal efficiencies and meeting the requirements of hot water deliveries.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting one embodiment of a low pressure drop water heating system 2 where one or more heat exchangers 8 are used and a forward flow is observed in the bypass conductor 10.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting one embodiment of a low pressure drop water heating system 2 where one or more heat exchangers 8 are used and a recirculation or reverse flow is observed in the bypass conductor 10.
  • a low pressure drop water heating system 2 including a cold side conductor 4, a hot side conductor 6, a pump 12, a bypass conductor 10, at least one heat exchanger 8, a heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor 28 disposed on the inlet of one of the three heat exchangers 8, a heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor 30 disposed at an outlet or exit nozzle 18 of one of the three heat exchangers 8, a system outlet temperature sensor 40 disposed on the exit end of the hot side conductor 6 and a system inlet temperature sensor 38 disposed on the receiving end of the cold side conductor 4.
  • each heat exchanger may have its own inlet temperature sensor. However, in this embodiment, only one inlet temperature sensor is used as each heat exchanger experiences a flow originating from a common source.
  • each heat exchanger may also have its own outlet temperature sensor. However, in this embodiment, only one outlet temperature sensor is used as the output flow from each heat exchanger is required to flow past an outlet temperature sensor disposed at the exit nozzle of heat exchanger 8 that is disposed closest to the exit end of hot side conductor 22.
  • the cold side conductor 4 includes a receiving end and a closed end.
  • the hot side conductor 6 includes an exit end and a closed end. In one embodiment, the hot side conductor 6 is configured to hold a volume of water of from about 2.25 litres to about 9 litres (about 0.5 to about 2 gallons).
  • the fluid conductor of a heat exchanger 8 is a tubing having a size of about 1.88cm (about 3/4 inch).
  • the bypass conductor 10 includes a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the bypass conductor 10 is fluidly adapted to the receiving end of the cold side conductor 4 and the second end of the bypass conductor is fluidly adapted to the exit end of the hot side conductor 6.
  • the bypass conductor (10) is a tubing having a size of from about 1.25cm to about 3.75cm (about 0.5 to about 1.5 inches).
  • Each heat exchanger 8 includes a flow valve 32.
  • the pump 12 increases pressure of water delivered to points of use 42 and negates the pressure drop across heat exchangers 8.
  • the receiving end 22 of the cold side conductor 4 is configured to be connected to a cold water supply manifold 24 or a port where unheated incoming water is supplied.
  • the exit end 20 of the hot side conductor 6 is configured to be connected to a hot water supply manifold 26 or a port where now heated or hot water is sent out of the water heater and eventually to points of use.
  • the pump 12 is configured to generate a flow through each of the heat exchangers 8. Shown in each of FIG.s 1 and 2 are three heat exchangers 8 although any suitable number of heat exchangers may be used to collectively meet the demand requested through the hot water supply manifold 26 by hot water users.
  • a first method involves using a single-speed, less costly, constant speed pump that can create a very large pressure rise at lower flows in place of pump 12. During these lower flows, the flow into one or more of the three heat exchangers 8 is restricted via a flow valve 32. The net result is called “curve shaping" of the pressure drop to mimic the typical pressure drop curve of a tank water heater.
  • a second method involves using a variable speed pump in place of pump 12 to continuously increase speed/pressure from a low to a higher flow, thus again “curve shaping" the pressure drop to mimic pressure drop curve of a tank water heater. In both cases, if a demand is greater than the flowrate the pump 12 can provide to the heat exchangers 8, the required flow is met by increasing the flow via the bypass line, again effecting a low pressure loss.
  • the present water heating system is capable of reducing pressure drop through the heat exchangers 8 by channeling sufficient flow directly through a larger fluid bypass conductor 10 without pressure drop causing equipment, e.g., the rather small fluid conductors of the heat exchangers 8 and flow valves 32, etc., from the cold side conductor 4 to the hot side conductor 6, incurring a significantly lower pressure drop.
  • the bypass or forward flow is unheated, it is required to be mixed with the heated flow from the heat exchangers 8.
  • the setpoint temperature of the heat exchangers 8 When bypass flow occurs from the cold side conductor 4 to the hot side conductor 6, the setpoint temperature of the heat exchangers 8 must be set to a higher value than the desired resultant temperature of the mixed water. For instance, in order to achieve a final delivery temperature of 49 degrees C (120 degrees F), the setpoint temperature of the heat exchangers may be set at 60 degrees C (140 degrees F). Upon mixing, the water temperature at the exit end 22 of the hot side conductor 6 may approximate 49 degrees C (120 degrees F).
  • the flow valve 32 of at least one of the heat exchangers 8 is configured to be restricted to enable an increased flow from the receiving end of the cold side conductor 4 to the exit end of the hot side conductor 6 through the bypass conductor 10 to temper the water exiting the exit end of the hot side conductor 6.
  • the flow valve 32 of at least one of the heat exchangers 8 is configured to be enlarged to enable an increased flow from the cold side conductor 4 to the exit end 22 of the hot side conductor 6 through the heat exchangers 8 to increase the temperature of the water mixture exiting the exit end 22 of the hot side conductor 6, i.e., a higher flowrate of hot water will be produced through the heat exchangers 8 while the cold water flowrate through the bypass conductor 10 is reduced.
  • this event occurs when hot water demand decreases to a point where the flow that is caused by the pump 12 through the heat exchangers 8 is now flowing in the direction contrary to the bypass flow.
  • One or more of the flow valves 32 may then be restricted such that the water temperature indicated by the heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor 28 drops to the temperature indicated by the system inlet temperature sensor 38.
  • the second end of the bypass conductor 10 includes an exhaust 14 having openings 16 which allow effluents from the openings to be pointed in a direction from the exit end 22 of the hot side conductor 6 to the closed end of the hot side conductor 6, i.e., a direction contrary to the flow within the hot side conductor.
  • the exhaust 14 When disposed in such a manner, the exhaust 14 allows the bypass flow to empty into the hot side conductor 6 through the openings 16 in a direction opposite that of the flow from the heat exchangers 8, causing the two flows to sufficiently mix without an active mixer.
  • the exhaust 14 is an inverted J-shaped exhaust having openings 16 disposed on the upper half of the hot side conductor 6, i.e., above the line 44 dividing upper half and lower half of the hot side conductor 6. As colder water is denser, it tends to drop when exiting the exhaust of the bypass conductor 10, again causing the cold bypass flow to mix favorably and naturally with the hot water of the heat exchangers 8.
  • the exhaust 14 further includes an opening allowing effluents from the opening to be pointed in a direction perpendicular to the direction from the exit end of the hot side conductor 6 to the closed end of the hot side conductor 6.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting one embodiment of a low pressure drop water heating system where one or more heat exchangers are used and a forward flow is observed in the bypass conductor.
  • a valve 56 is further provided to control flow through the bypass conductor 10.
  • This valve 56 is normally disposed in the open state, except when two conditions have been encountered. First, if system outlet temperature sensor 40 has been determined to have ceased functioning, e.g., as inferred from a sudden loss of input signals from this sensor, valve 56 is closed to prevent any flow through it.
  • unheated water is simply received at 20, sent through the cold side conductor 4 before entering the heat exchangers 8 to be heated. Heated water empties into the hot side conductor 6 and proceeds to exit via the hot side conductor 22.
  • valve 56 is also closed to prevent any flow through it.
  • a failed pump 12 does not prevent a flow that is caused by a hot water demand at one or more points of use. If a pump has been determined to have failed, hot water demand is serviced in the same manner as in the case where the system outlet temperature sensor 40 has failed. A failure can be logged for purposes of problem diagnosis at a later time. It may also be communicated to a service personnel in real time or at a later time.
  • each heat exchanger 8 is equipped with an inlet temperature sensor 28 and an outlet temperature sensor 30.
  • FIG. 3 also depicts another embodiment of a bypass conductor exhaust 14.
  • the exhaust is not J-shaped. Instead the exhaust is a straight tube inserted into the hot side conductor 6 through a side wall.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial transparent view of one embodiment of an exhaust of a bypass conductor 10 of a low pressure drop water heating system.
  • the exhaust 14 includes more effective openings 16 which allow effluents from the openings to be pointed in a direction from the exit end 22 of the hot side conductor 6 to the closed end of the hot side conductor 6 than openings which allow effluents from the openings to be pointed in a direction from the closed end of the hot side conductor 6 to the exit end 22 of the hot side conductor 6.
  • the exhaust 14 allows the bypass flow to empty into the hot side conductor 6 through the openings 16 in a direction opposite that of the flow from the heat exchangers 8, causing the two flows to sufficiently mix without an active mixer.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram depicting the use of a low pressure drop water heating system 2 to deliver hot water to a high rise building 34 which has traditionally been serviced using a tank water heating system.
  • a low pressure drop water heating system 2 to deliver hot water to a high rise building 34 which has traditionally been serviced using a tank water heating system.
  • Such an application typically involves the aid of a pressure booster pump 46 to deliver both hot and cold water to customers due to insufficient water pressure with simply municipal water supply.
  • the present water heating system is capable of receiving a cold water supply 36, preparing the water to a desired temperature and delivering the prepared water to points of use 42 of a high rise building 34 at multiple floors.
  • FIG. 6 is another diagram depicting the use of a low pressure drop water heating system 2 to deliver hot water to a high rise building which has traditionally been serviced using a tank water heating system.
  • FIG. 6 is another diagram depicting the use of a low pressure drop water heating system to deliver hot water to a high rise building which has traditionally been serviced using a tank water heating system.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph depicting an example pressure drop curve in a water heating system using a present water heating system without effecting flow valve 32 control. It shall be noted that without flow valve 32 control, during certain low flowrates of up to, e.g., 90 litres (20 Gallons) Per Minute (GPM), there is a pressure gain.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph depicting an example pressure drop curve of a low pressure drop water heating system. It shall be noted that the graph represents a pressure drop-flowrate plot that mimics a tank water heating system, i.e., with suitable pressure drop at larger flowrates.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram depicting the representation of a conventional or tank water heating system with cold water being received in a large tank and this large volume of water being heated in the large tank.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram depicting the representation of a heat exchanger element of a present water heating system where hot water is produced as a demand exists and therefore a large tank is not required or desired.
  • FIG. 11 is a typical water heating system with a storage tank and a boiler. Note again the use of a large tank as compared to a present water heating system.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram depicting an embodiment of a zero pressure drop water heating system including a bypass conductor.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram depicting the embodiment of FIG. 12 with a recirculating flow in the bypass conductor 10.
  • the water heating system shown in FIG. 12 is similar to the water heating system shown in FIG. 1 with the exception that the water heating system of FIG. 12 includes a bypass valve 58 disposed on the bypass conductor 10.
  • the bypass valve 58 can be a motorized valve that is a modulating valve, etc. It shall be noted that for the disclosures related to FIGs. 12-14 , the fluid conductors are not limited to those disclosed in FIGs. 12-13 . The fluid conductors may be of similar if not identical sizes and the exhaust 14 is not limited to the various types shown elsewhere herein. In one embodiment not shown, the exhaust 14 is omitted altogether although each exhaust shown herein promotes mixing and makes the output temperature more even. In one embodiment, the bypass valve 58 can be a thermostatic valve where a temperature differential between the inlet and outlet ports of the thermostatic valve causes the thermostatic valve to control the flow through it from one of its ports to the other one of its ports.
  • bypass valve 58 will allow mixing of unheated water through the bypass conductor 10 to temper the excessively hot flow at location D to result in a flow disposed at desired temperature at the system output 22.
  • FIG. 14 is provided to show flowrates through various locations of a system according to FIGs. 12-13 .
  • the pump 12 operates at 22.5 litres per minute (5 GPM) in any one of these scenarios.
  • 5 GPM 22.5 litres per minute
  • All of the 22.5 litres per minute (5 GPM) of flow pushed by the pump 12 recirculates, causing a 22.5 litres per minute (5 GPM) through location B, C, D or E. Notice that there is not a flow through location A or F.
  • a flow of 22.5 litres per minute (5 GPM) through location D is split into 18 litres per minute (4 GPM )of recirculation flow through location E and 4.5 litres per minute (1 GPM) of heated flow through location F to service the demand of 4.5 litres per minute (1 GPM).
  • 5 GPM 22.5 litres per minute
  • 5 GPM 22.5 litres per minute
  • This demand matches the pump size and the pump 12 pulls the entire incoming flow and pushes it through at least one of the heat exchangers 8 to supply through location D or F a heated flow of 22.5 litres per minute (5 GPM).
  • No recirculation through location E occurs in this case as the demand matches the pump size.
  • the pump 12 is said to be oversized in the 0 and 4.5 litres per minute (0 and 1 GPM) demand scenarios as the pump 12 is sized for a flow higher than the demand.
  • a 27 litres per minute (6 GPM) flow demand exists and causes 27 litres per minute (6 GPM) of flow to be drawn through location A.
  • the pump 12 still pushes a 22.5 litres per minute (5 GPM) flow through location B as it is sized at 22.5 litres per minute (5 GPM) and therefore a bypass flow of 4.5 litres per minute (1 GPM) occurs through location C.
  • a bypass flow is indicated by a negative sign preceding the flow magnitude.
  • the pump 12 is said to be undersized in the 27 litres per minute (6 GPM) demand scenario as the pump 12 is sized for a flow lower than the demand.
  • pump 12 is oversized, the pressure rise caused by the pump 12 will be too large in the system if the demand at the system outlet is small.
  • This oversize condition is chronic if the level of demand never achieves what the pump is sized to deliver. For example, if the pump is a 45 litres per minute (10 GPM) pump and the maximum demand is only 36 litres per minute (8 GPM), there will always be at least 9 litres per minute (2 GPM) of recirculation flow that needs to be recirculated via the bypass conductor 10.
  • a chronic oversize condition can occur if an oversized replacement pump has been used or the demand has permanently dropped.
  • the oversize condition is temporary if the demand drops due to non-use at certain times of a day but normally the pump is otherwise required to meet a flow demand at the pump size during other times of the day. At least one of three devices may be used to alleviate this condition. If the pump is a variable speed pump, its speed may be decreased to alleviate the pressure rise. Additionally, or alternatively, the bypass valve 58 and/or the flow valve 32 may be modulated to alleviate the pressure rise and the firing rate of at least one heat exchangers 8 may be adjusted such that a desired temperature at the system outlet can be achieved.
  • the flow valve 32 can be a motorized valve that is a modulating valve. At least one of the flow valves 32 may be adjusted to temper the pressure rise.
  • the bypass valve 58 may be adjusted to control the recirculation flowrate through the bypass conductor 10 which ultimately determines the inlet temperature to a heat exchanger 8. Left unattended, a pressure rise can be experienced at a point of use downstream from the system outlet 22 in addition to a possible increase in the recirculation flow through the bypass conductor 10 which increases the inlet temperature to a heat exchanger 8, a condition that may lower the heat exchanger efficiency as will be apparent elsewhere herein.
  • the undersize condition is temporary if the increased demand only occurs during certain times of a day but normally the pump is otherwise sized sufficiently to meet a flow demand during other times of the day. If the pump is a variable speed pump and the demand can still be met at the maximum speed of the pump, the pump speed may be increased to compensate for the pressure drop. When a demand cannot be met by the pump again, again, additionally or alternatively, the bypass valve 58 and/or the flow valve 32 may be modulated to alleviate the pressure drop. The bypass valve 58 may be enlarged to allow a higher bypass flowrate through it to make up for the demand gap left by the pump 12.
  • the setpoint of a heat exchanger 8 will need to be increased so that the effluent of the heat exchanger 8 will be hotter such that when it is merged with the bypass flow at a higher flowrate, the system outlet 22 temperature is disposed at a desired temperature. Care must be taken such that the bypass flow through the bypass conductor 10 may not be so abundant that the flow that continues on to the pump is starved to a point that local boiling or boiling develops in a heat exchanger 8.
  • the flow valve 32 of a heat exchanger 8 may be adjusted to permit a inlet flow of a higher or lower flowrate through the heat exchanger 8 to provide more hot fluid flow of a first temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger 8 or less hot fluid flow of a second temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger 8 where the second temperature is greater than the first temperature.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram depicting the efficiency of a heat exchanger in FIGs. 12-13 with respect to the temperature of the inlet flow to the heat exchanger. It shall be noted from FIG. 15 that as the inlet flow temperature increases, the heat exchanger efficiency decreases.
  • the heat exchanger efficiency is at over about 98%.
  • the heat exchanger efficiency drops to about 94%. Therefore, for the sake of efficiency of the heat exchangers, the inlet flow temperature to a heat exchanger should be kept as close to the unheated system inlet temperature as possible.
  • the bypass valve 58 may be throttled to control the flowrate of recirculation flow through bypass valve 58 to ensure that the representative temperature to the heat exchangers 8, as indicated by inlet temperature sensor 28, is now indicative of the heat exchangers 8 operating in high efficiency.
  • the bypass valve 58 is controlled in a manner such that the inlet temperature as reported by inlet temperature sensor 28 is as close to the system inlet temperature as reported by the system inlet temperature sensor 38.
  • a pump failure is determined to have occurred if no flow is registered by any one of a plurality of flow sensors each configured to sense a flow through a heat exchanger 8 although when each flow valve 32 is at least partially open.
  • a failed pump presents a large pressure drop across it, forcing the entire system inlet flow to traverse the bypass valve 58 instead of the pump 12. Left unattended, a failed pump will cause the cold system inlet flow to bypass the heat exchangers 8 and the same cold system inlet flow will be delivered at the system outlet.
  • bypass valve 58 is closed partially or entirely to force the entire system inlet flow through the failed pump 12 such that the system inlet flow can be distributed in the heat exchangers 8 to be heated to ensure uninterrupted delivery of a heated flow.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Druckverlustfreies Wasserheizungssystem, das Folgendes umfasst:
    (a) einen kaltseitigen Leiter (4), der ein Aufnahmeende und ein geschlossenes Ende umfasst;
    (b) einen warmseitigen Leiter (6), der ein Austrittsende und ein geschlossenes Ende umfasst;
    (c) eine Pumpe (12);
    (d) einen Bypass-Leiter (10), der ein erstes Ende, ein zweites Ende und ein Bypass-Ventil (58), das zwischen dem ersten Ende und dem zweiten Ende des Bypass-Leiters (10) angeordnet ist, umfasst, wobei das erste Ende des Bypass-Leiters (10) an das Aufnahmeende des kaltseitigen Leiters (4) angepasst ist und das zweite Ende des Bypass-Leiters (10) an das Austrittsende des warmseitigen Leiters (6) angepasst ist, das Bypass-Ventil (58) ein modulierendes Ventil ist und das Bypass-Ventil (18) so konfiguriert ist, dass es einen Vorwärtsfluss von dem kaltseitigen Leiter (4) zu dem warmseitigen Leiter (6) durch den Bypass-Leiter (10) oder einen Rückfluss von dem warmseitigen Leiter (6) zu dem kaltseitigen Leiter (4) durch den Bypass-Leiter (10) steuert;
    (e) mindestens einen Wärmetauscher (8), der ein Strömungsventil (32) umfasst;
    (f) einen Einlasstemperatursensor (28), der an einem Einlass des mindestens einen Wärmetauschers (8) angeordnet ist;
    (g) einen Auslasstemperatursensor (30), der an einem Auslass des mindestens einen Wärmetauschers (8) angeordnet ist, der dem Austrittsende des warmseitigen Leiters (6) am nächsten liegt;
    (h) einen Systemauslasstemperatursensor (40), der am Austrittsende des warmseitigen Leiters (6) angeordnet ist; und
    (i) einen Systemeinlasstemperatursensor (38), der an dem Aufnahmeende des kaltseitigen Leiters (4) angeordnet ist,
    wobei das Aufnahmeende des kaltseitigen Leiters (4) mit einem Kaltwasserzufuhrverteiler verbunden ist, das Austrittsende des warmseitigen Leiters (6) mit einem Warmwasserzufuhrverteiler verbunden ist, die Pumpe einen Fluss durch jeden der mindestens einen Wärmetauscher (8) erzeugt; das Bypass-Ventil (58), das Strömungsventil (32) des mindestens einen Wärmetauschers (8) und die Pumpe (12) den Vorwärtsfluss steuern, der einen aus dem Austrittsende des warmseitigen Leiters (6) austretenden Fluss temperiert, wenn eine von dem Einlasstemperatursensor (28) angezeigte Temperatur eine von dem Systemeinlasstemperatursensor (38) angezeigte Temperatur überschreitet, wobei das Bypass-Ventil (58) durch Modulieren des Bypass-Ventils (58) gesteuert wird, das Strömungsventil (32) des mindestens einen Wärmetauschers (8) gedrosselt wird, um einen erhöhten Vorwärtsfluss durch den Bypass-Leiter (10) zu ermöglichen, um einen Fluss durch das druckverlustfreie Wasserheizungssystem mit einem Druckabfall von Null am Austrittsende des warmseitigen Leiters zu ergeben; und, wenn eine von dem Systemauslasstemperatursensor (40) angezeigte Temperatur unter eine von dem Einlasstemperatursensor (28) angezeigte Temperatur fällt, das Bypass-Ventil (58), das Strömungsventil (32) des mindestens einen Wärmetauschers (8) und die Pumpe (12) den Rückfluss steuern, der mindestens einen Teil eines Rezirkulationsflusses durch den mindestens einen Wärmetauscher (8) liefert, wenn die Kapazität der Pumpe (12) den Bedarf übersteigt, wobei das Bypass-Ventil (58) durch Modulieren des Bypass-Ventils (58) gesteuert wird, das Strömungsventil (32) des mindestens einen Wärmetauschers (8) vergrößert wird, um einen erhöhten Fluss vom kaltseitigen Leiter (4) zum Austrittsende (22) des warmseitigen Leiters (6) durch den mindestens einen Wärmetauscher (8) zu ermöglichen, um die Temperatur des aus dem Austrittsende (22) des warmseitigen Leiters (6) austretenden Wassergemisches zu erhöhen, um dazu zu führen, dass der Warmwasserbedarf mit einem höheren Wirkungsgrad gedeckt wird, wobei die Anordnung derart ist, dass das Bypass-Ventil (58), das Strömungsventil (32) und die Pumpe (12) den Fluss durch das Wasserheizungssystem ohne Druckabfall steuern, um zu einem Druckabfall von Null am Austrittsende des warmseitigen Leiters (6) zu führen.
  2. Druckverlustfreies Wasserheizungssystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Bypass-Leiter (10) ferner einen Auslass umfasst, der an dem zweiten Ende des Bypass-Leiters (10) angeordnet ist, wobei der Auslass mindestens eine Öffnung umfasst, die so konfiguriert ist, dass sie es ermöglicht, dass Abströme der mindestens einen Öffnung in eine Richtung von dem Austrittsende des warmseitigen Leiters (6) zu dem geschlossenen Ende des warmseitigen Leiters (6) gerichtet werden.
  3. Druckverlustfreies Wasserheizungssystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Bypass-Leiter (10) ferner einen Auslass umfasst, der an dem zweiten Ende des Bypass-Leiters (10) angeordnet ist, und der warmseitige Leiter ferner eine obere Hälfte und eine untere Hälfte umfasst und der Auslass so konfiguriert ist, dass er an der oberen Hälfte des warmseitigen Leiters (6) angeordnet ist.
  4. Druckverlustfreies Wasserheizungssystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Bypass-Leiter (10) ferner einen Auslass umfasst, der an dem zweiten Ende des Bypass-Leiters (10) angeordnet ist, und der warmseitige Leiter (6) ferner eine obere Hälfte und eine untere Hälfte umfasst und der Auslass ein umgekehrter J-förmiger Auslass ist, der mindestens eine Öffnung umfasst, die an der oberen Hälfte des warmseitigen Leiters (6) angeordnet ist.
  5. Druckverlustfreies Wasserheizungssystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Bypass-Leiter (10) ferner einen Auslass umfasst, der an dem zweiten Ende des Bypass-Leiters (10) angeordnet ist, wobei der Auslass ferner mindestens eine Öffnung umfasst, die so konfiguriert ist, dass sie es ermöglicht, dass Abströme der mindestens einen Öffnung in eine Richtung senkrecht zu einer Richtung von dem Austrittsende des warmseitigen Leiters (6) zu dem geschlossenen Ende des warmseitigen Leiters (6) gerichtet werden.
  6. Druckverlustfreies Wasserheizungssystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei der warmseitige Leiter (6) ferner ein Volumen von etwa 2,25 Litern bis etwa 9 Litern (etwa 0,5 bis etwa 2 Gallonen) umfasst und der Bypass-Leiter (10) eine Rohrleitung mit einer Größe von etwa 1,25 cm bis etwa 3,75 cm (etwa 0,5 bis etwa 1,5 Zoll) umfasst.
  7. Druckverlustfreies Wasserheizungssystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Strömungsventil (32) ein modulierendes Ventil umfasst.
  8. Verfahren zur Steuerung eines druckverlustfreien Wasserheizungssystems zur Deckung eines Warmwasserbedarfs, wobei das druckverlustfreie Wasserheizungssystem Folgendes umfasst: einen kaltseitigen Leiter (4), der ein Aufnahmeende und ein geschlossenes Ende umfasst; einen warmseitigen Leiter (6), der ein Austrittsende und ein geschlossene Ende umfasst; eine Pumpe (12); einen Bypass-Leiter (10), der ein erstes Ende, ein zweites Ende und ein Bypass-Ventil (58), das zwischen dem ersten Ende und dem zweiten Ende des Bypass-Leiters (10) angeordnet ist, umfasst, wobei das erste Ende des Bypass-Leiters (10) an das Aufnahmeende des kaltseitigen Leiters (4) angepasst ist und das zweite Ende des Bypass-Leiters (10) an das Austrittsende des warmseitigen Leiters (6) angepasst ist, das Bypass-Ventil (58) ein modulierendes Ventil ist und das Bypass-Ventil (18) so konfiguriert ist, dass es einen Vorwärtsfluss von dem kaltseitigen Leiter (4) zu dem warmseitigen Leiter (6) durch den Bypass-Leiter (10) oder einen Rückfluss von dem warmseitigen Leiter (6) zu dem kaltseitigen Leiter (4) durch den Bypass-Leiter (10) steuert; mindestens einen Wärmetauscher (8), der ein Strömungsventil (32) umfasst; einen Einlasstemperatursensor (28), der an einem Einlass des mindestens einen Wärmetauschers (8) angeordnet ist; einen Auslasstemperatursensor (30), der an einem Auslass des mindestens einen Wärmetauschers (8) angeordnet ist, der dem Austrittsende des warmseitigen Leiters (6) am nächsten ist; einen Systemauslasstemperatursensor (40), der an dem Austrittsende des warmseitigen Leiters (6) angeordnet ist; und einen Systemeinlasstemperatursensor (38), der an dem Aufnahmeende des kaltseitigen Leiters (4) angeordnet ist, wobei das Aufnahmeende des kaltseitigen Leiters (4) so konfiguriert ist, dass es mit einem Kaltwasserzufuhrverteiler verbunden werden kann, das Austrittsende des warmseitigen Leiters (6) so konfiguriert ist, dass es mit einem Warmwasserzufuhrverteiler verbunden werden kann, die Pumpe so konfiguriert ist, dass sie einen Fluss durch jeden der mindestens einen Wärmetauscher erzeugt, wobei das Verfahren Folgendes umfasst:
    (a) wenn eine von dem Einlasstemperatursensor (28) angezeigte Temperatur eine von dem Systemeinlasstemperatursensor (38) angezeigte Temperatur übersteigt, Steuern des Bypass-Ventils (58), des Strömungsventils (32) des mindestens einen Wärmetauschers (8) und der Pumpe (12), um den Vorwärtsfluss zu steuern, der einen aus dem Austrittsende des warmseitigen Leiters (6) austretenden Fluss temperiert, Steuern des Bypass-Ventils (58) durch Modulieren des Bypass-Ventils (58), Steuern des Strömungsventils (32) des mindestens einen Wärmetauschers (8), so dass es gedrosselt wird, um einen erhöhten Vorwärtsfluss durch den Bypass-Leiter (10) zu ermöglichen, um einen Fluss durch das druckverlustfreie Wasserheizungssystem mit einem Druckabfall von Null an dem Austrittsende des warmseitigen Leiters zu ergeben; und
    (b) wenn eine von dem Systemauslasstemperatursensor (40) angezeigte Temperatur unter eine von dem Einlasstemperatursensor (28) angezeigte Temperatur fällt, Steuern des Bypass-Ventils (58), des Strömungsventils (32) des mindestens einen Wärmetauschers (8) und der Pumpe (12), um den Rückfluss zu steuern, der mindestens einen Teil eines Rezirkulationsflusses durch den mindestens einen Wärmetauscher (8) liefert, wenn die Kapazität der Pumpe (12) den Bedarf übersteigt, wobei das Bypass-Ventil (58) durch Modulieren des Bypass-Ventils (58) gesteuert wird, Steuern des Strömungsventils (32) des mindestens einen Wärmetauschers (8), derart, dass es sich vergrößert, um einen erhöhten Fluss vom kaltseitigen Leiter (4) zum Austrittsende (22) des warmseitigen Leiters (6) durch den mindestens einen Wärmetauscher (8) zu ermöglichen, um die Temperatur des aus dem Austrittsende (22) des warmseitigen Leiters (6) austretenden Wassergemisches zu erhöhen, um dazu zu führen, dass der Warmwasserbedarf mit einem höheren Wirkungsgrad gedeckt wird, wobei mindestens eines von dem Bypass-Ventil (58), dem Strömungsventil (32) und der Pumpe (12) zum Steuern des Flusses durch das druckverlustfreie Wasserheizungssystem verwendet wird, um zu einem Druckabfall von Null an dem Austrittsende des warmseitigen Leiters (6) zu führen.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, wobei der Bypass-Leiter (10) mit einem Auslass versehen ist, der an dem zweiten Ende des Bypass-Leiters (10) angeordnet ist, wobei der Auslass mindestens eine Öffnung umfasst, wobei das Verfahren das Zulassen umfasst, dass Abströme aus der mindestens einen Öffnung in eine Richtung von dem Austrittsende des warmseitigen Leiters (6) zu dem geschlossenen Ende des warmseitigen Leiters (6) gerichtet werden.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, wobei der Bypass-Leiter (10) mit einem Auslass versehen ist, der an dem zweiten Ende des Bypass-Leiters (10) angeordnet ist, wobei der Auslass ferner mindestens eine Öffnung umfasst, wobei das Verfahren das Zulassen umfasst, dass Abströme aus der mindestens einen Öffnung in eine Richtung senkrecht zu einer Richtung von dem Austrittsende des warmseitigen Leiters (6) zu dem geschlossenen Ende des warmseitigen Leiters (6) gerichtet werden.
EP19213706.5A 2019-04-15 2019-12-04 Nulldruck-tropfen-wasser-heizungssystem Active EP3726144B1 (de)

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Citations (1)

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US8231064B2 (en) * 2007-07-02 2012-07-31 Grundfos Pumps Corporation Water control fixture having auxiliary functions
US9322600B2 (en) * 2011-03-17 2016-04-26 Olive Tree Patents 1 Llc Thermosyphon heat recovery
US10260774B2 (en) * 2015-05-21 2019-04-16 Intellihot, Inc. Low pressure drop water heating system
EP3165831A1 (de) * 2015-11-04 2017-05-10 E.ON Sverige AB Fernwärme-verteilsystem

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US20190242618A1 (en) * 2015-05-21 2019-08-08 Intellihot, Inc. Zero pressure drop water heating system

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