EP3682174A1 - Procede de demarrage d'un circuit de fluide refrigerant comprenant une pompe liquide - Google Patents
Procede de demarrage d'un circuit de fluide refrigerant comprenant une pompe liquideInfo
- Publication number
- EP3682174A1 EP3682174A1 EP18782101.2A EP18782101A EP3682174A1 EP 3682174 A1 EP3682174 A1 EP 3682174A1 EP 18782101 A EP18782101 A EP 18782101A EP 3682174 A1 EP3682174 A1 EP 3682174A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- circuit
- heat exchanger
- sub
- pump
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 title abstract description 91
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title description 92
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title description 53
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 376
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 30
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000219873 Vicia Species 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B6/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits
- F25B6/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits arranged in series
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/004—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for vehicles having a combustion engine and electric drive means, e.g. hybrid electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3205—Control means therefor
- B60H1/322—Control means therefor for improving the stop or idling operation of the engine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/385—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in parallel on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
- F25B5/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in series
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00885—Controlling the flow of heating or cooling liquid, e.g. valves or pumps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H2001/3269—Cooling devices output of a control signal
- B60H2001/327—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to a compressing unit
- B60H2001/3272—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to a compressing unit to control the revolving speed of a compressor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/26—Problems to be solved characterised by the startup of the refrigeration cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/01—Timing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/11—Fan speed control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/13—Pump speed control
Definitions
- the field of the present invention is that of refrigerant circuits for a cooling installation of an engine or a power train of a vehicle powered at least partly electrically.
- thermodynamic system to cool its engine and change the aeraulic conditions inside its cabin.
- This thermodynamic system operates through two circuits, one where a refrigerant circulates, the other where circulates a coolant.
- each of the circuits there is one or more heat exchangers, caused to transfer calories between induced air and the fluids circulating within the circuits.
- the refrigerant circuit makes it possible to modify the temperature of the air inside its passenger compartment, the coolant circuit having the purpose of reducing the temperature of the engine.
- These circuits are either independent or connected to each other by a common heat exchanger. Most elements of the thermodynamic system are installed in the engine compartment of the vehicle.
- the efficiency of the system is limited by the amount of air that can circulate through the various heat exchangers that make up the system. Due to the number of heat exchangers included in each circuit, the air can hardly circulate, which induces pressure drops and reduces the efficiency of the assembly.
- One way to improve the efficiency of the system is to facilitate the passage of air within each element.
- One way to achieve this goal is to design a new refrigerant circuit architecture for removing the coolant circuit.
- this new architecture does not allow the state to fulfill satisfactorily the objective. Indeed, to operate, a refrigerant circuit pump must be fed by the coolant in the liquid state. The refrigerant fluid comprising too large a portion of gas within it causes cavitation circulating within the pump, which prematurely wears the pump. This premature wear causes breakdowns and therefore more frequent maintenance.
- the invention is in this context aiming to ensure the integrity of the pump, which is imperative for the viability of a system based on the removal of the coolant circuit. This removal reduces the number of elements installed in the engine compartment, improving the performance of the refrigerant circuit and thus the performance of the entire installation.
- An object of the present invention is a method for starting a refrigerant circuit, comprising at least a first sub-circuit in which at least one compressor, a first heat exchanger and a first expansion device are arranged, a second sub-circuit in which is arranged at least a second expansion member, a second heat exchanger associated with a vehicle power train and a pump, and a third heat exchanger common to the first sub-circuit and the second sub-circuit , the starting method comprising at least an initial stopping step of the pump and the compressor, and a step of starting the compressor for a period of less than 2 minutes.
- the pump is ensured to be supplied with refrigerant fluid strictly in the liquid state, limiting or even eliminating the risk of wear and breakage by cavitation.
- the refrigerant circuit thus arranged makes it possible to dispense with the coolant circuit, and thus limit the number of elements.
- the limitation of the number of elements simplifies the design and integration of the refrigerant circuit within the vehicle, while limiting its weight. As a result, air can circulate more easily within the engine compartment, the pressure drops are drastically reduced without affecting the efficiency and performance of the system.
- the starting method of the refrigerant circuit according to the invention advantageously comprises at least one of the following characteristics taken alone or in combination: the method comprises an additional step of reducing the flow rate of an air flow passing through the third heat exchanger,
- the flow rate of the air flow is reduced by stopping a motor-fan unit of the third heat exchanger and / or by closing at least one flap arranged facing the third heat exchanger,
- the method comprises an additional step of activating the pump
- the method comprises an additional step of activating the motor-fan unit of the third heat exchanger and / or opening of the flap arranged opposite the third heat exchanger,
- the invention also relates to a refrigerant circuit for an at least partly electric powered vehicle, comprising at least a first sub-circuit in which at least one compressor, a first heat exchanger and an expansion device are arranged, a second sub-circuit in which is arranged at least a second heat exchanger and a pump, and a third heat exchanger common to the first sub-circuit and the second sub-circuit.
- the second heat exchanger is associated with a vehicle power train, and the compressor is configured to be started at startup for less than 2 minutes.
- the combination of the second heat exchanger with a vehicle traction chain allows an exchange of calories between the refrigerant circulating in the second sub-circuit and an element of the vehicle power train, this exchange being done directly, or by means of a fluid circulated in or around the element of the traction chain of the vehicle, this fluid may in particular be air, water or oil.
- the threshold value given for the running time of the compressor at startup makes it possible to ensure a supply of the refrigerant pump strictly in the liquid state.
- the pump is arranged to admit the coolant in the liquid or essentially liquid state.
- Essentially liquid means that the pump is arranged to admit the refrigerant comprising a gaseous fraction less than 5% by volume of the refrigerant.
- the pump is arranged upstream of the second heat exchanger, according to the direction of circulation of the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant fluid at the pump outlet circulates in the second heat exchanger.
- the refrigerant fluid at the outlet of the second heat exchanger can not circulate in the pump.
- the pump is of the type of a hydraulic pump. More particularly, the pump is selected from a gear pump, a vane pump, a piston pump and a centrifugal pump.
- the third heat exchanger is configured to heat the flow of air therethrough.
- the third heat exchanger thus has the additional effect of cooling the coolant present in the third heat exchanger.
- the third heat exchanger is thus used as a condenser.
- the third heat exchanger is arranged to operate according to the previous description, as a condenser, or as an evaporator, that is to say that it is configured to cool the air flow therethrough.
- the third heat exchanger thus has the additional effect of heating the fluid present in the third heat exchanger.
- the first heat exchanger is configured to cool the flow of air therethrough.
- the first heat exchanger thus has the additional effect of heating the fluid present in the first heat exchanger.
- the first heat exchanger is thus used as an evaporator.
- the first heat exchanger may be for example a tube exchanger, a scroll exchanger or a plate heat exchanger.
- the second heat exchanger is configured to cool the flow of air therethrough.
- the second heat exchanger thus has the additional effect of heating the fluid present in the second heat exchanger.
- the second heat exchanger is thus used as a boiler.
- the second heat exchanger may be for example a tube exchanger, a spiral heat exchanger or a plate heat exchanger.
- the circuit comprises a third subcircuit independent of the first subcircuit and the second subcircuit, the third subcircuit comprising a fourth heat exchanger.
- the fourth heat exchanger is configured to heat the flow of air therethrough.
- the fourth heat exchanger thus has the additional effect of cooling the refrigerant present in the fourth heat exchanger.
- the fourth heat exchanger is thus used as an internal condenser that is to say that it is arranged to heat a flow of air to be sent into the passenger compartment of the vehicle, according to the needs of the vehicle users and the state of operation of the vehicle.
- the circuit comprises at least one detent member.
- the first sub-circuit comprises an accumulator, called a "drying bottle”, designed to retain a fraction of the coolant in the liquid state, to prevent the compressor from being damaged by fluid in the liquid state, and arranged to retain the molecules any water present in the refrigerant circuit.
- a drying bottle designed to retain a fraction of the coolant in the liquid state, to prevent the compressor from being damaged by fluid in the liquid state, and arranged to retain the molecules any water present in the refrigerant circuit.
- the compressor is an electric compressor.
- An electric compressor comprises an electric motor driving a compression device.
- the electric motor and the compression device are arranged in a common housing.
- At least one expansion element is controlled, for example electronically, to pass the refrigerant from a first pressure to a second pressure lower than the first pressure.
- the invention also relates to a vehicle equipped with the refrigerant circuit as described above.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a refrigerant circuit according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a refrigerant circuit according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the refrigerant circuit according to the second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the refrigerant circuit according to the second embodiment of the invention. invention, in a second mode of operation,
- FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the refrigerant circuit according to the second embodiment of the invention, in a third mode of operation
- FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the refrigerant circuit according to the second embodiment of the invention, in a fourth mode of operation,
- FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the refrigerant circuit according to the second embodiment of the invention, in a fifth mode of operation,
- FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of the refrigerant circuit according to the second embodiment of the invention, in a sixth mode of operation
- FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of the refrigerant circuit according to the second embodiment of the invention. invention, in a seventh mode of operation,
- FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of the refrigerant circuit according to the second embodiment of the invention, in an eighth mode of operation,
- FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of a refrigerant circuit according to a third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of the refrigerant circuit according to the third embodiment of the invention, in a first mode of operation
- FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of the refrigerant circuit according to the third embodiment of the invention, in a second mode of operation
- FIG. 14 is a schematic illustration of the refrigerant circuit according to the third embodiment of the invention, in a third mode of operation
- FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of a refrigerant circuit according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration of the refrigerant circuit according to the fourth embodiment of the invention, in a first mode of operation
- FIG. 17 is a schematic illustration of the refrigerant circuit according to the fourth embodiment of the invention, in a second mode of operation
- FIG. 18 is a schematic illustration of the refrigerant circuit according to the fourth embodiment of the invention, in a third mode of operation
- Figure 19 is a schematic illustration of the refrigerant circuit according to the fourth embodiment of the invention, in a fourth mode of operation.
- upstream and downstream are used to describe the arrangement of a component with respect to the direction of flow of a fluid considered.
- the arrangement of the constituent elements of a fluid circuit is given with respect to the direction of circulation of this fluid in the circuit.
- An element described below as being situated between two other elements does not mean that the element is physically between the two others, but that the fluid first passes through one of the two elements before passing through the element. considered.
- first element or second element as well as first parameter and second parameter or else first criterion and second criterion, etc.
- first criterion and second criterion etc.
- it is a simple indexing to differentiate and name elements or parameters or criteria close but not identical. This indexing does not imply a priority of an element, parameter or criterion compared to another and we can easily interchange such denominations without departing from the scope of this description. This indexing does not imply either an order in time for example to appreciate this or that criterion.
- FIGS. 1, 2, 11 and 15 These examples are in no way limiting, other embodiments being conceivable in the spirit of the invention. 'invention.
- This refrigerant circuit is composed of a first sub-circuit 120, a second sub-circuit 140 and a common part 160 to the first sub-circuit 120 and the second sub-circuit 140.
- the first sub-circuit 120 comprises a compressor 122, a first heat exchanger 124 and a first expansion member 126.
- the refrigerant circulates within the first sub-circuit 120 so as to successively pass through the first expansion member 126, the first heat exchanger 124 and the compressor 122.
- the first heat exchanger 124 is a heat exchanger between the refrigerant flowing through and a flow of air.
- the first heat exchanger 124 is used as an evaporator, that is to say that it heats the refrigerant while cooling and drying the air flow.
- the refrigerant fluid circulating in the first sub-circuit 120, at its outlet from the first heat exchanger 124 and before passing into the compressor 122, is in gaseous form.
- the first sub-circuit 120 further comprises a valve 128, arranged to allow or prohibit the circulation of the refrigerant fluid within the first sub-circuit 120.
- the valve 128 is disposed upstream of the first expansion member 126, between the first organ 126 and the common part 160. This valve 128 is controlled electronically, for example by a central control unit of the vehicle.
- the first sub-circuit 120 also comprises a first non-return valve 130 arranged upstream of the compressor 122, between the compressor 122 and the first heat exchanger 124.
- the first check valve 130 is arranged to allow the flow of refrigerant in one direction, thereby preventing the refrigerant from refluxing under the effect of pressure variations within the circuit.
- the first non-return valve 130 is chosen from the usual types of non-return valves.
- the other non-return valves described below have the same function, and may be of the same type as the first non-return valve 130 or of a different type.
- the second sub-circuit 140 comprises a second expansion member 142, a second heat exchanger 144 and a pump 146.
- the second heat exchanger 144 is a heat exchanger between the refrigerant flowing through and a flow of air.
- the second heat exchanger 144 is associated with at least one element of the electric motor of the vehicle.
- Such an element of the electric motor is an element of an electric traction system of the vehicle, for example the electric propulsion motor of the vehicle and / or the power components supplying said motor and called, for example, power electronics module or else one or more batteries of the vehicle.
- the second heat exchanger 144 is used as the cooler of the element of the electric motor, that is to say that it heats the cooling fluid while cooling the flow of air subsequently circulated around or in this element of the electric motor, therefore lowering its temperature. During its passage in the second heat exchanger 144 the refrigerant evaporates. The refrigerant fluid at the outlet of the second heat exchanger 144 is completely gaseous.
- the pump 146 is a device arranged to suck up the coolant circulating in the common part 160 and discharge it into the second sub-circuit 140.
- the pump 146 is in particular different from the compressor 122 in that it is arranged to operate at a constant volume, where the compressor 122 compresses the fluid circulating therein and reduces the volume that this fluid occupies.
- the pump 146 is arranged to admit and treat a fluid in the liquid or essentially liquid state, that is to say a fluid comprising a gaseous portion of less than 5% of the total volume of the fluid.
- a larger gas portion increases the risk of cavitation of the fluid during its passage in the pump 146, this cavitation causing premature wear of the pump 146 and, ultimately, the malfunction of the pump 146.
- the compressor 122 is arranged to admit and treat a fluid in the gaseous or substantially gaseous state, that is to say a fluid comprising a liquid portion of less than 5% of the total volume of the fluid.
- a larger liquid portion increases the risk of breakage of the compressor 122, a fluid in the liquid state being impossible to compress for the architecture of the compressor 122 used.
- the pump 146 is of the type of a hydraulic pump, and in particular a gear pump, a vane pump, a piston pump or a centrifugal pump. It will be understood, however, that the invention is not limited by the type of pump chosen, another pump can be used without affecting the embodiment of the invention.
- the second sub-circuit 140 also comprises a second non-return valve 148 arranged downstream of the second expansion member 142, between the second expansion member 14 and the common part 160.
- the common part 160 to the first sub-circuit 120 and the second sub-circuit 140 comprises a third heat exchanger 162.
- This third heat exchanger 162 is a heat exchanger between the refrigerant flowing through and a flow of air.
- the third heat exchanger 162 is used as a condenser, that is to say that the refrigerant circulating therein will transfer calories to the air flow, allowing heat to be released from the cooling fluid by transferring it to the flow of heat. ducted air in this condenser.
- the different elements and sub-circuits are connected to each other by pipes 102.
- the motor vehicle comprises at least one motor-fan unit 104 and / or at least one flap 106.
- the motor-fan unit 104 and the flap 106 are arranged facing the third heat exchanger 162, in a compartment vehicle engine.
- the motor-fan unit 104 and the flap 106 are not part of the refrigerant circuit 100 in the sense that they are not traversed by the refrigerant.
- the motor-fan unit 104 is arranged opposite the third heat exchanger 162, either upstream in the case of a blower-type motor-blower unit or downstream in the case of a suction motor-blower unit, for example. relative to the flow direction of the air flow passing through the third heat exchanger 162.
- the motor-fan unit 104 is arranged downstream of the third heat exchanger 162.
- the motor-fan unit 104 is arranged to increasing the flow rate of the air flow passing through the third heat exchanger 162.
- the flap 106 is arranged facing the third heat exchanger 162, upstream of the third heat exchanger 162 with respect to the direction of flow of the air flow passing through the third heat exchanger 162.
- the flap 106 is arranged to control the flow rate the air flow passing through the third heat exchanger 162.
- the flap 106 blocks the circulation of the air flow.
- the shutter 106 allows the circulation of the air flow, and dose the flow of the air flow passing through the third heat exchanger 162.
- the third heat exchanger 162, thus associated with at least one shutter 106 for regulating the supply of air and a motor-fan unit 104 is more particularly intended to be disposed on the front face of the motor vehicle.
- the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 100 takes the common part 160 and then flows into the first sub-circuit 120 and / or the second sub-circuit 140.
- the refrigerant fluid changes state, passing from the liquid state to the gaseous state and vice versa. More particularly, the refrigerant circulates in the common part 160 upstream of the third heat exchanger 162 in gaseous form. During its passage through the third heat exchanger 162, the refrigerant fluid is liquefied, and then circulates in the remainder of the common part 160 in liquid form, before being directed into the first sub-circuit 120 and / or the second sub-circuit 140.
- the refrigerant circulates in liquid form before it passes through the first expansion member 126.
- the refrigerant fluid expanded by the first expansion member 126 decreases its pressure, and remains in the liquid state before to circulate in the first heat exchanger 124.
- the refrigerant passes to the gaseous state.
- the refrigerant is then compressed by the compressor 122 and sent to the common part 160.
- the refrigerant circulates in the pump 146 to be sent into the second heat exchanger 144 ⁇
- the heat transfer undergone within the second heat exchanger 144 brings the refrigerant into a gaseous state output of the second heat exchanger 144 ⁇
- the refrigerant in this gaseous state is then sent to the common part 160.
- the system is stopped. More particularly, the pump 146 and the compressor 122 are at a standstill, the coolant not flowing.
- the compressor 122 is turned on while the pump 146 remains inert.
- the activation of the compressor 122 circulates the refrigerant in the first sub-circuit 120 and in the common part 160, the pump 146 stopped preventing the flow of fluid in the second sub-circuit 140.
- This step of starting the compressor 122 lasts less than two minutes.
- the motor-fan unit 104 is stopped, while the flap 106 is closed, which drastically decreases or blocks the flow of the air flow in the third heat exchanger 162 and therefore the exchange of heat at the common part l60.
- the activation of the compressor 122, the stopping of the fan motor unit 104 and the closing of the flap 106 causes the refrigerant flowing through the third heat exchanger 162 to be subcooled, that is to say that the refrigerant is completely liquid, without gaseous fraction.
- the pump 146 is activated, passing the refrigerant through the second sub-circuit 140.
- the coolant is in the sub-cooled liquid state at the outlet of the third heat exchanger, directly upstream of the pump 146, the cavitation risks of the fluid within the pump 146 are limited or even eliminated.
- the motor-fan unit 104 is activated and the flap 106 is open, allowing the circulation or the increase of the flow rate of the air flow within the third heat exchanger 162.
- the refrigerant circuit 100 is protected against cavitation risks that may affect the integrity of its pump 146.
- FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the refrigerant circuit according to the invention, said second circuit 200.
- the second refrigerant circuit 200 comprises a first sub-circuit 220, a second sub-circuit 240 and a common part 260. These different components comprise the same elements as the refrigerant circuit shown in FIG. additional elements added.
- the first sub-circuit 220 comprises a compressor 222, a first heat exchanger 224, a first expansion member 226, a first valve 228 and a first non-return valve 230.
- the first sub-circuit 220 further comprises an accumulator 232, called a "drying bottle", arranged to retain a fraction of the coolant fluid in the liquid state, to prevent the compressor 222 from deteriorating by fluid in the liquid state, and arranged to retain the water molecules possibly present in the refrigerant circuit.
- the accumulator 232 is also arranged to fulfill the role of reserve of refrigerant for the refrigerant circuit. This reserve is designed to manage the circulating mass of refrigerant fluid in the refrigerant circuit. Thus, when the load of the heat treatment system is small, the mass of coolant circulating in the refrigerant circuit is low, the accumulator 232 is configured to store the excess refrigerant.
- the refrigerant reserve also makes it possible to overcome any leaks that the system may experience.
- the first expansion member 226 is arranged upstream of the first heat exchanger 224.
- the accumulator 232 is arranged downstream of the first heat exchanger 224 and upstream of the compressor 222.
- the first non-return valve 230 is arranged downstream of the compressor 222.
- the valve 228 is arranged downstream of the first non-return valve 230.
- the first subcircuit 220 also includes a bypass portion 234.
- the bypass portion connects a portion of the first subcircuit 220 between the first heat exchanger 224 and the accumulator 232 to another portion of the first subcircuit. 220, downstream of the first valve 228.
- the bypass portion 234 comprises a second valve 236 arranged to allow or prohibit the passage of the refrigerant through the bypass portion 234 ⁇
- the second sub-circuit 240 comprises a second heat exchanger 244, a second expansion member 242, a pump 246 and a second non-return valve 248.
- the second check valve 248 is arranged upstream of the pump 246.
- the second heat exchanger 244 is arranged downstream of the pump 246.
- the second expansion member 242 is arranged downstream of the second heat exchanger 244.
- the second heat exchanger 244 is associated with an element of an electric traction system of the vehicle, for example the electric propulsion motor of the vehicle and / or the power components supplying said engine and called by example power electronics module or one or more batteries of the vehicle.
- the common part 260 comprises a third heat exchanger 262.
- the third heat exchanger 262 is here used as a condenser, that is to say that it cools the refrigerant by heat transfer to a flow of heat. air ducted through the third heat exchanger 262.
- the third heat exchanger is associated with at least one flap 106 for regulating the air intake and a motor-fan unit 104
- the second circuit 200 differs from the first circuit 100 previously described in particular in that it comprises a third sub-circuit 280.
- the third sub-circuit 280 comprises a fourth heat exchanger 282, a third expansion element 284 and a fourth element 286.
- the third expansion member 284 is arranged downstream of the fourth heat exchanger 282.
- the fourth expansion member 286 is arranged downstream of the fourth heat exchanger 282.
- the third expansion member 284 and the fourth expansion member 284 286 are each arranged on a branch independent of the third sub-circuit 280. More particularly, the third expansion member 284 is disposed on a first branch 288 of the third sub-circuit 280, the fourth expansion member 286 being arranged on a second branch 290 of the third sub-circuit 280.
- the first branch 288 opens on the first sub-circuit 220, upstream of the first expansion member 226, the second branch 290 opening on the second sub-circuit 240, between the pump 246 and the second heat exchanger 244 ⁇
- the third sub-circuit 280 is other part connected with the first sub-circuit 220, between the first non-return valve 230 and the first valve 228.
- the third expansion member 284 and the fourth expansion member 286 are arranged to allow or not the passage of the cooling fluid through the third sub-circuit 280.
- the third sub-circuit 280 and the elements that it comprises are designed to make it possible to increase the thermal performance of the loop, in particular by the action of the fourth heat exchanger 282 which consists of an internal heat exchanger, intended to allow a exchange between two low and high pressure fluids, among which the refrigerant flowing through the third sub-circuit 280.
- FIGS. 3 to 10 Eight different modes of operation, based on the second embodiment of the invention, are illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 10. These modes of operation in no way limit the invention, some of these modes being combinable, and Other modes of operation may be added to those listed below.
- the description of the operation of the circuit is made from a starting point to a point of arrival.
- start and end points are chosen arbitrarily, the refrigerant circulating within the circuit forming a loop.
- Another pair of start and finish points can be chosen, without impacting the operation of the circuit.
- the first mode of operation reduces the air temperature in the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the refrigerant circuit 200 is arranged as follows. In this case, the refrigerant circulates in the common part 260 and the first sub-circuit 220.
- This first embodiment represents the operation of the refrigerant circuit 200 during the execution of the starting method according to the invention.
- the refrigerant circulates in the common part 260 in gaseous or substantially gaseous form, at a high pressure, for example 21 bar, and flows in the third heat exchanger 262.
- the refrigerant transfers calories. the flow of air flowing in the third heat exchanger 262 in a separate space but adjacent to the space where the refrigerant circulates.
- the coolant is in the liquid or essentially liquid state. the At the start, the pump 246 is stopped so that, the third expansion member 284 present in this embodiment being otherwise closed, the coolant is directed to the first sub-circuit 220.
- the refrigerant flows through the first detent member 226 and undergoes a pressure drop from low pressure to low pressure, for example 3 bar.
- the refrigerant then circulates in the first combi steamer 224, where it cools and seals the flow of air flowing in the first combi steamer 224 and intended to be directed towards the vetch belly.
- the refrigerant heats up.
- the refrigerating fluid is gaseous or essentially gaseous at its outlet from the first mixer 224.
- the second valve 236 being closed, the refrigerant does not circulate in the bypass portion 234 but passes into the accumulator 232.
- the refrigerant is then directed in the compressor 222 and thus changes from a low pressure to a high pressure.
- the refrigerant then passes through the first non-return valve 230 and the first valve 228 before restarting its circuit.
- the second mode of operation allows the cooling of an element of an electrical traction belt of the vesicle, for example the electric motor for propulsion of the vesicle and / or the power components supplying said motor and called for example power electronics module or one or more batteries of the vele.
- the refrigerant circuit 200 is arranged as follows. In this case, the refrigerant circulates in the common part 260 and the second sub-circuit 240, in which is arranged the second comb feeder 244 associated with this element of an electric traction line of the vébicule.
- This mode of operation is most often used when the vein has been rolling for some time. However, under certain conditions, such as an extremely high ambient temperature, this mode of operation can be used very early and, as such, can be preceded by the start-up method according to the invention if the coolant is not sufficiently cooled.
- the refrigerant circulates in the common part 260 in gaseous or substantially gaseous form, at a high pressure, for example 21 bar, and circulates in the third handler 262.
- the refrigerant transfers calories. the flow of air flowing in the third comb feeder 262 in a separate but adjacent space in the space where the coolant circulates, which has the effect of cooling the coolant and heating the air flow.
- the coolant is in the liquid or essentially liquid state.
- the pump 246 being activated, the first expansion member 226 and the third expansion member 284 being closed, the coolant is directed to the second sub-circuit 240.
- the refrigerant passes through the second non-return valve 248 before being sucked and then discharged by the pump 246 towards the second heat exchanger 244 ⁇
- the refrigerant circulates within the second heat exchanger 244 where it absorbs calories from the drive train, which cools the drive chain while increasing the coolant temperature.
- the refrigerant is in the gaseous state, essentially gaseous or diphasic liquid-gas.
- the refrigerant then passes through the second expansion member 242 inactive and therefore has no effect on the pressure of the refrigerant flowing therethrough.
- the refrigerant then circulates in the common part 260 and starts the circuit again.
- the third mode of operation allows the cooling of the electric motor of the vehicle while decreasing the temperature of the air located in the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the refrigerant circuit 200 is arranged as follows. In this case, the refrigerant circulates in the common part 260, the first sub-circuit 220 and the second sub-circuit 240.
- This mode of operation is not usable at startup, since the pump 246 is used in this mode of operation. As such, the execution of the starting method according to the invention is triggered prior to the use of this mode of operation.
- the refrigerant circulates in the common part 260 in gaseous or substantially gaseous form, at a high pressure, for example 21 bar, and flows in the third heat exchanger 262.
- the refrigerant transfers calories. the flow of air flowing in the third heat exchanger 262 in a separate space but adjacent to the space where the refrigerant circulates.
- the coolant is in the liquid or essentially liquid state.
- the first expansion member 226 open and the third expansion member 284 closed, a part of the refrigerant fluid is directed towards the first sub-circuit 220 while another part of the refrigerant fluid is sent into the second sub-circuit 240.
- the refrigerant passes through the first expansion member 226 and undergoes a pressure drop, from high pressure to a low pressure, for example 3 bar.
- the refrigerant then circulates in the first heat exchanger 224, where it cools and dries the flow of air flowing in the first heat exchanger 224 and intended to be directed towards the passenger compartment of the vehicle. At the same time as it cools and dries the airflow, the coolant heats up.
- the cooling fluid is gaseous or substantially gaseous at its outlet from the first heat exchanger 224.
- the second valve 236 being closed, the fluid refrigerant does not circulate in the bypass portion 234 but passes into the accumulator 232.
- the refrigerant is then directed into the compressor 222 and thus changes from low pressure to high pressure.
- the refrigerant then passes through the first non-return valve 230 and the first valve 228 before being mixed with the portion of the refrigerant flowing in the second sub-circuit 240 to restart its circuit.
- the refrigerant passes through the second non-return valve 248 before being sucked and then discharged by the pump 246 towards the second heat exchanger 244 ⁇
- the refrigerant circulates within the second heat exchanger 244 where it absorbs calories from the drive train, which cools the drive chain while increasing the temperature of the coolant.
- the refrigerant is in the gaseous state, essentially gaseous or diphasic liquid-gas.
- the refrigerant then passes through the second expansion member 242 inactive and therefore has no effect on the pressure of the refrigerant flowing therethrough.
- the refrigerant is then collected in the common part 260 with the part of the refrigerant fluid circulated in the first sub-circuit 220 and starts the circuit again.
- Figure 6 shows a fourth mode of operation.
- the refrigerant circuit operates as a heat pump.
- the starting method according to the invention is not necessary for the use of this mode of operation.
- the refrigerant circulates in the common part 260 in gaseous or substantially gaseous form, at a low pressure, for example 3 bar, in a direction opposite to that in which it circulated in the previous examples.
- the refrigerant circulates in the first heat exchanger 262, before being directed into the bypass portion 234 ⁇
- the refrigerant absorbs heat from the air flow flowing in the first heat exchanger 262 in a separate space but adjacent to the space where the refrigerant circulates.
- the refrigerant At the outlet of the third heat exchanger 262, the refrigerant is in the gaseous state or essentially gaseous state.
- the refrigerant circulates in the bypass portion 234 and then in the accumulator 232.
- the refrigerant is then compressed by the compressor 222 to reach a high pressure, for example 21 bars, before being directed to the third sub-circuit 280.
- the refrigerant circulates in the fourth heat exchanger 282, where the refrigerant transfers heat to the flow of air flowing through the fourth heat exchanger 282.
- the refrigerant is thus cooled by its passage in the fourth heat exchanger 282.
- the third expansion member 284 being closed, the refrigerant circulates on the second branch 290 of the third sub-circuit 280.
- the refrigerant is expanded during its passage through the fourth expansion member 286, passing from high pressure at low pressure.
- the refrigerant is then collected in the common part 260 to restart the circuit.
- the fifth mode of operation allows the cooling of the electric motor and the heating of the passenger compartment of the vehicle through a heat pump mode, the evacuation of excessive heat is done by the fourth heat exchanger 282.
- the starting method according to the invention is not necessary for the use of this mode of operation.
- the refrigerant circulates at the outlet of the accumulator 232, at a low pressure, for example 3 bar, before being compressed during its passage through the compressor 222, which makes it pass from the low pressure to a first high pressure for example 21 bars.
- the refrigerant fluid at the first high pressure then passes through the first non-return valve 230 before passing through the third sub-circuit 280, the first valve 228 being closed.
- the refrigerant circulates in the fourth heat exchanger 282, where the refrigerant transfers heat to the flow of air flowing through the fourth heat exchanger 282.
- the refrigerant is thus cooled by its passage in the fourth heat exchanger 282.
- a part of the refrigerant fluid flows on the first branch 288 of the third sub-circuit 280, another part of the refrigerant flowing on the second branch 290 of the third sub-circuit 280.
- the portion of the refrigerant fluid flowing on the second branch 290 passes through the fourth expansion member 286 where it undergoes an expansion, passing from the first high pressure to the low pressure, before a portion of the refrigerant fluid is directed into the part common 260 of the third sub-circuit 280, another portion being directed to the first sub-circuit 220.
- the portion of the refrigerant fluid directed towards the common portion 260 passes through the third heat exchanger 262.
- the refrigerant transfers calories to the air flow passing through the third heat exchanger 262 reverse.
- the airflow is warmed while the coolant is cooled.
- the coolant is collected with the portion of the refrigerant flowing in the second sub-circuit 240, before being directed into the bypass portion 234, the first valve 228 being closed.
- the second valve 236 is open and allows the passage of the refrigerant through the bypass portion 234 to join the first sub-circuit 220 and the portion of the refrigerant flowing therethrough.
- the portion of the refrigerant fluid directed towards the first sub-circuit 220 passes through the first expansion member 226 without undergoing a change in pressure.
- the refrigerant then circulates in the first heat exchanger 224, where it cools and dries the flow of air flowing in the first heat exchanger 224 and intended to be directed towards the passenger compartment of the vehicle. At the same time as it cools and dries the airflow, the coolant heats up.
- the refrigerant is then collected with the coolant circulating in the bypass portion 234, before being sent to the accumulator 232.
- the portion of the refrigerant flowing on the first leg 288 passes through the third expansion member 284 where it undergoes expansion, from the first high pressure to a second high pressure, for example 18 bar.
- the coolant is collected in the second sub-circuit 240.
- the refrigerant flows through the second heat exchanger 244, where the coolant absorbs heat. calories from the vehicle's drivetrain, thereby heating the coolant and cooling the vehicle's drivetrain.
- the refrigerant is expanded by its passage within the second expansion member 242.
- the refrigerant fluid thus passes from the second high pressure to the low pressure, before joining the portion of the fluid refrigerant circulating in the common part 260 and to be together directed to the bypass portion 234-
- the sixth mode of operation is arranged to allow the cooling of the electric motor and the heating of the passenger compartment of the vehicle through a heat pump mode, the evacuation of excessive heat being done by the fourth heat exchanger 282.
- the starting method according to the invention is not necessary for the use of this mode of operation.
- the refrigerant circulates at the outlet of the accumulator 232, at a low pressure, for example 3 bar, before being compressed during its passage through the compressor 222, which makes it pass from the low pressure to a first high pressure for example 21 bars.
- the refrigerant fluid at the first high pressure then passes through the first non-return valve 230 before passing through the third sub-circuit 280, the first valve 228 being closed.
- the refrigerant circulates in the fourth heat exchanger 282, where the refrigerant transfers heat to the flow of air flowing in the fourth heat exchanger 282.
- the refrigerant is thus cooled by its passage in the fourth heat exchanger 282.
- the refrigerant fluid is directed to the first branch 288, the fourth expansion member 286 being closed.
- the coolant passes through the third expansion member 284 where it undergoes expansion, from the first high pressure to a second high pressure, for example 18 bar. After passing through the third expansion member 284, the coolant is collected in the second sub-circuit 240.
- the refrigerant passes through the second heat exchanger 244 and after passing through the second heat exchanger 244 the refrigerant is expanded by its passage within the second expansion member 242.
- the refrigerant fluid thus passes from the second high pressure to the low pressure, before circulating in the common part 260.
- the refrigerant passes through the third heat exchanger 262.
- the refrigerant absorbs heat from the air flow, cooling the air flow passing through the third heat exchanger 262.
- the refrigerant is also warmed during his transfer.
- the refrigerant fluid is directed towards the first subcircuit 220.
- the refrigerant flowing in the first sub-circuit 220 passes through the first expansion member 226 without undergoing a pressure change.
- the refrigerant then circulates in the first heat exchanger 224, where it cools and dries the flow of air flowing in the first heat exchanger 224 and intended to be directed towards the passenger compartment of the vehicle. At the same time as it cools and dries the airflow, the coolant heats up.
- the coolant After circulating within the first heat exchanger 224, the coolant is sent to the accumulator 232 and the compressor 222 to restart the circuit.
- the seventh mode of operation illustrated in Figure 9, to cool the electric motor of the vehicle while using the heat dissipated by the engine to heat the air to be sent into the passenger compartment of the vehicle, the engine load is low .
- the starting method according to the invention is not necessary for the use of this mode of operation.
- the refrigerant circulates at the outlet of the accumulator 232, at a low pressure, for example 3 bars, before being compressed during its passage through the compressor 222, which makes it go from low pressure to high pressure, for example 21 bars.
- the high-pressure refrigerant then passes through the first check valve 230 before passing through the third sub-circuit 280, the first valve 228 being closed.
- the refrigerant circulates in the fourth heat exchanger 282, where the refrigerant transfers heat to the flow of air flowing in the fourth heat exchanger 282.
- the refrigerant is thus cooled by its passage in the fourth heat exchanger 282.
- the refrigerant fluid is directed to the first branch 288, the fourth expansion member 286 being closed.
- the refrigerant circulates within the third expansion member 284 undergoing expansion, from high pressure to low pressure, before circulating within the second sub-circuit 240.
- this second sub-circuit 240 the refrigerant passes through the second heat exchanger 244 where it absorbs calories from the vehicle power train, thus cooling the electric motor of the vehicle.
- the refrigerant passes through the second heat exchanger 244 is heated. At its outlet from the second heat exchanger 244 the refrigerant passes through the second expansion member 242 without undergoing expansion, before taking the bypass portion 232, the first valve 228 being closed. The coolant is then directed to the accumulator 232 to restart the circuit.
- the eighth mode of operation illustrated in Figure 10, to cool the electric motor of the vehicle while using the heat dissipated by the engine to heat the air to be sent into the passenger compartment of the vehicle, the engine load being very important. This is typically the case for a vehicle traveling on a high-speed road such as a highway. If this mode of operation is requested at the start of the vehicle, it is preceded by the starting method according to the invention.
- the refrigerant circulates at the outlet of the accumulator 232, at a low pressure, for example 3 bars, before being compressed during its passage through the compressor 222, which makes it go from low pressure to high pressure, for example 21 bars.
- the refrigerant fluid at high pressure then passes through the first non-return valve 230 before passing through the third sub-circuit 280.
- the refrigerant circulates in the fourth heat exchanger 282, where the refrigerant transfers heat to the flow of air flowing through the fourth heat exchanger 282.
- the refrigerant is thus cooled by its passage through the fourth heat exchanger 282.
- the coolant is directed towards the second leg 290, the third expansion member 284 being closed.
- the refrigerant circulates within the fourth expansion member 286 without undergoing expansion, the fourth expansion member 286 being here inactive.
- the first expansion member 226 being closed, a part of the refrigerant passes through the second sub-circuit 240, another part of the refrigerant passing through the common part 260.
- the portion of the coolant passing through the second sub-circuit 240 passes through the second non-return valve 248 before being sucked and then discharged by the pump 246 towards the second heat exchanger 244 ⁇
- the refrigerant circulates within the second heat exchanger heat 244 where it absorbs calories from the vehicle power train, which cools the vehicle drivetrain while increasing the temperature of the coolant.
- the refrigerant At the outlet of the second heat exchanger, the refrigerant is in the gaseous state, essentially gaseous or diphasic liquid-gas.
- the refrigerant then passes through the second expansion member 242 inactive and therefore has no effect on the pressure of the refrigerant flowing therethrough.
- the part of the refrigerant circulating within the common part 260 is collected with the part of the refrigerant circulating in the second sub-circuit 240.
- a portion of the coolant is directed towards the third sub-circuit 280 through the first valve 228, to restart the circuit.
- Another portion of the refrigerant fluid is directed towards the first sub-circuit 220 by the bypass portion 234, the second valve 236 being open.
- the portion of the refrigerant flowing through the bypass portion 234 passes through the second valve 236, before passing through the accumulator 234.
- the coolant then passes through the compressor 222.
- the coolant is directed to the third sub-circuit 280, to join the refrigerant portion having passed through the first valve 228, before starting the circuit again.
- the second valve 236 can be closed.
- the coolant does not pass through the accumulator 232, the compressor 222 and the first non-return valve 230.
- FIG. 11 a third embodiment of the refrigerant circuit according to the invention, said third circuit 300, can be seen.
- the third refrigerant circuit 300 comprises a first sub-circuit 320, a second sub-circuit 340, a third sub-circuit 380 and a common part 360. These various components comprise the same elements as the refrigerant circuit. shown in Figure 2, some additional elements added to it.
- the first sub-circuit 320 thus comprises a compressor 322, a first heat exchanger 324, a first expansion member 326, a first valve 328, a first non-return valve 330 and an accumulator 332.
- the first sub-circuit 320 also comprises a bypass portion 334, arranged identically to the bypass portion 234 shown in Figure 2, and comprising a second valve 336 arranged to allow or prohibit the passage of the refrigerant through the bypass portion 334 ⁇
- the first sub-circuit 320 of the third circuit 300 is different in particular in that it comprises a first part of an internal heat exchanger 364 ⁇
- the internal heat exchanger 364 is arranged to allow the heat exchange between the refrigerant at a first point of the circuit and the coolant at a second point of the circuit.
- the internal heat exchanger 364 thus comprises a first input associated with a first output, and a second input associated with a second output.
- the internal heat exchanger 364 is thus arranged to decrease the temperature of the fraction of the hottest coolant, and to increase the temperature of the fraction of the coolest coolant, in spaces separated from one of the other.
- the second sub-circuit 340 comprises a second heat exchanger 344, a second expansion device 342, a pump 346 and a second non-return valve 348.
- the second sub-circuit 340 is arranged in identical manner to the second sub-circuit 240 of the second refrigerant circuit shown in Figure 2.
- the common part 360 comprises a third heat exchanger 362.
- the third heat exchanger 362 is here used as a condenser, that is to say that it cools the cooling fluid by heat transfer to a flow of heat. ducted air through the third heat exchanger 362.
- the common part 360 of the third circuit 300 is different in particular in that it comprises the second part of the internal heat exchanger 364 mentioned above.
- the third sub-circuit 380 comprises a fourth heat exchanger 382, a third expansion member 384 and a fourth expansion member 386.
- the third sub-circuit is arranged identically to the third sub-circuit 280 illustrated in FIG.
- FIGS. 12 to 14 Three additional modes of operation, based on the third embodiment of the invention, are illustrated in FIGS. 12 to 14. These modes of operation in no way limit the invention, some of these modes being able to be combined, and Other modes of operation may be added to those listed below. In particular, the eight operating modes previously described are applicable to the third circuit 300.
- the first additional mode of operation illustrated in Figure 12, allows to lower the temperature inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle. This first additional mode of operation is similar to the first mode of operation illustrated in FIG. 3. In this respect, the first additional operating mode represents the organization of the third circuit 300 and the path of the refrigerant during the use of the method. starting specific to the invention.
- the refrigerant circulates in the common part 36 ⁇ in gaseous or substantially gaseous form, at a high pressure, for example 21 bar, and circulates in the third handler 362.
- the refrigerant transfers calories. the flow of air flowing in the third combi changer 362 in a separate but adjacent space of the space in which the refrigerant circulates.
- the coolant is in the liquid or essentially liquid state.
- the coolant then passes into the internal heat exchanger 364, where it transfers calories to the refrigerant flowing through the inner heat exchanger 364 in the opposite direction.
- the refrigerant fluid from the third heat exchanger 362 is subcooled and therefore completely liquid.
- the refrigerant With the pump 346 stopped and the third expansion member 384 closed, the refrigerant is directed towards the first sub-circuit 320.
- the refrigerant passes through the first expansion member 326 and undergoes a pressure drop from the low pressure at a low pressure, for example 3 bar.
- the refrigerant then circulates in the first combi changer 324 where it cools and seals the flow of air flowing in the first comb feeder 324 and intended to be directed towards the passenger compartment of the vehicle. At the same time as it cools and dries the airflow, the coolant heats up.
- the refrigerating fluid is gaseous or substantially gaseous at its outlet from the first comb feeder 324.
- the second valve 336 being closed, the coolant does not circulate in the bypass portion 334 but passes into the accumulator 332.
- the refrigerant After passing through the In the accumulator 332, the refrigerant passes through the internal heat exchanger 364 where it absorbs heat from the refrigerant flowing through the internal heat exchanger 364 in the opposite direction.
- the refrigerant fluid from the accumulator 332 is completely gaseous.
- the refrigerant is then directed into the compressor 322 and thus changes from low pressure to high pressure.
- the refrigerant then passes through the first non-return valve 330 and the first valve 328 before starting its circuit again.
- the second additional mode of operation allows to lower the temperature inside the cabin of the vehicle while cooling the electric motor of the vehicle.
- This second additional mode of operation is similar to third mode of operation shown in Figure 5 ⁇
- This additional operating mode using the pump 346 it requires the prior implementation of the starting method according to the invention, before use, so as to prevent cavitation of the refrigerant within the pump 346.
- the coolant circulates in the common part 360 in gaseous or substantially gaseous form, at a high pressure, for example 21 bar, and circulates in the third handler 362.
- the coolant transfers calories. the flow of air flowing in the third combi changer 362 in a separate but adjacent space of the space in which the refrigerant circulates.
- the coolant is in the liquid or essentially liquid state.
- the coolant is in the liquid or essentially liquid state.
- the coolant then passes into the internal heat exchanger 364, where it transfers calories to the refrigerant flowing through the inner heat exchanger 364 in the opposite direction.
- the refrigerant fluid from the third heat exchanger 362 is subcooled and therefore completely liquid.
- the first expansion member 326 open and the third expansion member 384 closed, a part of the coolant is directed towards the first sub-circuit 320 while another part of the coolant is sent into the second sub-circuit 340.
- the refrigerant passes through the first expansion member 326 and undergoes a pressure drop, passing from the high pressure to a low pressure, for example 3 bar.
- the refrigerant then circulates in the first comb feeder 324, where it cools and seals the flow of air circulating in the first comb feeder 324 and intended to be directed towards the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the coolant heats up.
- the refrigerating fluid is gaseous or substantially gaseous at its outlet from the first comb feeder 324.
- the second valve 336 being closed, the coolant does not circulate in the bypass portion 334 but passes into the accumulator 332.
- the refrigerant After passing through the In the accumulator 332, the refrigerant flows through the internal heat exchanger 364, where it absorbs heat from the refrigerant flowing through the internal heat exchanger 364 in the opposite direction. At the outlet of the internal heat exchanger 364, the refrigerant fluid from the accumulator 332 is completely gaseous. The refrigerant is then directed into the compressor 322 and thus changes from low pressure to high pressure. The refrigerant then passes through the first valve 328 and the first non-return valve 330 before being mixed with the portion of the refrigerant flowing in the second sub-circuit 340 to restart its circuit.
- the refrigerant passes through the second check valve 348 before being sucked and then discharged by the pump 346 towards the second heat exchanger 344 ⁇
- the refrigerant circulates within the second heat exchanger 344 where it absorbs calories from the vehicle's drivetrain, which cools the vehicle's drivetrain while increasing the temperature of the coolant.
- the refrigerant is in the gaseous state, essentially gaseous or diphasic liquid-gas.
- the refrigerant then passes through the second expansion member 342 inactive and therefore has no effect on the pressure of the refrigerant flowing therethrough.
- the refrigerant is then collected in the common part 360 with the part of the refrigerant fluid circulated in the first sub-circuit 320 and starts the circuit again.
- the third additional mode of operation allows to lower the temperature inside the cabin of the vehicle while warming the electric motor of the vehicle.
- This operating mode allows the newly started electric motor to quickly switch from a low temperature to an optimum operating temperature.
- This additional mode of operation can be used at the start of the vehicle, without going through the starting method according to the invention.
- the refrigerant circulates in the first sub-circuit 320 in the gaseous state and at a low pressure, for example 3 bar.
- the refrigerant is compressed during its passage in the compressor 322, and goes to a high pressure, for example 21 bar.
- the refrigerant then passes through the first valve 328, before a part of the coolant is sent into the common part 360 while another part of the refrigerant is sent into the second sub-circuit 340.
- the coolant circulating in the common part 360 passes through the third heat exchanger 362.
- the flap 106 is closed, there is little or no exchange between the refrigerant circulating in the third heat exchanger 362 and the flow of heat. air circulating in the third heat exchanger 362 in a separate but adjacent space of the space in which the refrigerant circulates.
- the refrigerant is in the gaseous or essentially gaseous state.
- the coolant then flows into the internal heat exchanger 364, where it transfers calories to the refrigerant flowing through the internal heat exchanger 364 in the opposite direction.
- the refrigerant fluid from the third heat exchanger 362 is subcooled and therefore completely liquid.
- the coolant is then directed to the first sub-circuit 320.
- the refrigerant circulates in the second sub-circuit 340 in the opposite direction to the different modes described above.
- the refrigerant fluid passes through the second expansion member 342 without undergoing expansion.
- the refrigerant then circulates in the second heat exchanger 344, where it transfers heat to the vehicle's drivetrain, which warms the vehicle's drivetrain while lowering the temperature of the coolant.
- the coolant is in the liquid or essentially liquid state.
- the coolant then circulates successively in the fourth expansion member 384 and in the third expansion member 382, before being directed towards the first sub-circuit 320.
- the refrigerant is expanded during its passage through the first expansion member 326, from high pressure to low pressure.
- the coolant is then passed through the first heat exchanger 324 ⁇
- the refrigerant absorbs heat from the air flow passing through the first heat exchanger 324 ⁇ This absorption has the effect of increasing the temperature of the refrigerant and decreasing that of the air flow intended to be sent into the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the cooling fluid is in the gaseous or substantially gaseous state, and is directed to the accumulator 332.
- the refrigerant passes through the internal heat exchanger 364, where it absorbs calories from the refrigerant flowing through the internal heat exchanger 364 in the opposite direction.
- the refrigerant fluid from the accumulator 332 is completely gaseous. The refrigerant is then compressed by the compressor 322 to restart the circuit.
- FIG. 15 a fourth embodiment of the refrigerant circuit according to the invention, said fourth circuit 400, can be seen.
- the fourth refrigerant circuit 400 comprises a first sub-circuit 420, a second sub-circuit 440, a third sub-circuit 480 and a common part 460. These different components comprise the same elements as the refrigerant circuit. shown in Figure 11, some additional elements added to it.
- the first sub-circuit 420 thus comprises a compressor 422, a first heat exchanger 424, a first expansion element 426, a first valve 428 and an accumulator 432.
- the first sub-circuit 420 also comprises a bypass portion 434 arranged in such a manner identical to the bypass portion 234 shown in Figure 2, and comprising a second valve 436 arranged to allow or prohibit the passage of the refrigerant through the bypass portion 434 ⁇
- the first sub-circuit 420 of the fourth circuit 400 also comprises a first part of an internal heat exchanger 464 arranged similarly and to fulfill the same function as the internal heat exchanger 364 of the third circuit 300.
- the second sub-circuit 440 comprises a second heat exchanger 444 a second expansion member 442 and a pump 446.
- the second sub-circuit 440 is arranged identically to the second sub-circuit 440 of the second refrigerant circuit presented to the 2, with the difference that it comprises a fifth heat exchanger 450, said subcooler, arranged upstream of the pump 446, that is to say between the pump 446 and a point of the common part 460 located between the third heat exchanger 462 and the internal heat exchanger 464.
- This fifth heat exchanger 450 is a heat exchanger between the refrigerant flowing through and a flow of air.
- the fifth heat exchanger 450 is used as subcooler, that is to say it cools the refrigerant while heating the air flow.
- the coolant circulating in the fifth heat exchanger 450 is thus undercooled, that is to say that the refrigerant is completely liquid at its outlet from the fifth heat exchanger 450, so as to minimize the risk of cavitation during its circulation in the pump 446.
- the common part 460 comprises a third heat exchanger 462.
- the third heat exchanger 462 is here used as a condenser, that is to say that it cools the cooling fluid by heat transfer to a flow of heat. air ducted through the third heat exchanger 462.
- the common part 460 of the third circuit 300 also comprises the second part of the internal heat exchanger 464 mentioned above.
- the third sub-circuit 480 comprises a fourth heat exchanger 482 and a third expansion element 484.
- the third sub-circuit 480 is different from the third sub-circuit 280 illustrated in FIG. 2, particularly in that it comprises only an expansion member, the third expansion member 484, disposed upstream of the first leg 488 and the second leg 490, and in that it comprises a non-return valve 448 disposed on the first leg 488.
- the first leg 488 opens on the second sub-circuit 440, between the pump 446 and the second heat exchanger 444, the second branch 490 opening on the first sub-circuit 420, downstream of the first expansion member 426.
- FIGS. 16 to 19 Four additional modes of operation, based on the fourth embodiment of the invention, are illustrated in FIGS. 16 to 19. These modes of operation in no way limit the invention, some of these modes being combinable, and Other modes of operation may be added to those listed below. In particular, the eight modes described above are applicable to the third circuit 400.
- the first additional mode of operation makes it possible to lower the temperature inside the vetch's barrel.
- This first additional mode of operation is similar to the first mode of operation illustrated in FIG. 3.
- the first additional mode of operation represents the organization of the third circuit 400 and the path of the refrigerant during the use of the method. starting specific to the invention.
- the coolant circulates in the common part 460 in gaseous or substantially gaseous form, at a high pressure, for example 21 bar, and circulates in the third handler 462.
- the coolant transfers calories. to the flow of air flowing in the third comb feeder 462 in a separate but adjacent space from the space in which the coolant circulates.
- the coolant is in the liquid or essentially liquid state.
- the coolant then passes into the internal heat exchanger 464, where it transfers calories to the refrigerant flowing through the inner heat exchanger 464 in the opposite direction.
- the refrigerant fluid from the third tanker digger 462 is therefore completely liquid cooled.
- the refrigerant With the pump 446 stopped and the third expansion element 484 closed, the refrigerant is directed towards the first sub-circuit 420.
- the refrigerant passes through the first expansion device 426 and undergoes a pressure drop from the low pressure at a low pressure, for example 3 bar.
- the coolant then circulates in the first combustor 424 where it cools and seals the flow of air flowing in the first comb feeder 424 and intended to be directed towards the vetch of the bib.
- the refrigerant heats up.
- the refrigerating fluid is gaseous or substantially gaseous at its outlet from the first comb feeder 424.
- the coolant does not circulate in the bypass portion 434 but passes into the accumulator 432.
- the refrigerant flows through the internal heat exchanger 464, where it absorbs heat from the refrigerant flowing through the internal heat exchanger 464 in the opposite direction.
- the refrigerant fluid from the accumulator 432 is completely gaseous.
- the refrigerant is then directed into the compressor 422 and thus changes from low pressure to high pressure.
- the refrigerant then passes through the first valve 428 before restarting its circuit.
- the second additional mode of operation makes it possible to lower the temperature inside the vclicle chamber while cooling the electric motor of the vellet.
- This second additional mode of operation is similar to second additional mode of operation shown in Figure 13.
- This additional operating mode using the pump 446 it requires the prior implementation of the starting method according to the invention, before use, so as to prevent the cavitation of the fluid refrigerant within the pump 446.
- the refrigerant circulates in the common part 460 in gaseous or substantially gaseous form, at a high pressure, for example 21 bar, and circulates in the third heat exchanger 462.
- the refrigerant transfers calories. the flow of air flowing in the third heat exchanger 462 in a separate space but adjacent to the space where the refrigerant circulates.
- the coolant is in the liquid or essentially liquid state.
- the coolant is in the liquid or essentially liquid state.
- Part of the coolant is then directed to the second sub-circuit 440, another part continuing its circulation in the common part 460, to the internal heat exchanger 464.
- the portion of the refrigerant fluid continuing its circulation in the common portion 460 then passes into the internal heat exchanger 464, where it gives calories to the refrigerant flowing through the internal heat exchanger 464 in the opposite direction.
- the refrigerant then circulates in the first sub-circuit 420.
- the refrigerant passes through the first expansion member 426 and undergoes a pressure drop from low pressure to a low pressure, for example 3 bar.
- the refrigerant then circulates in the first combustor 424, where it cools and seals the flow of air flowing in the first comb feeder 424 and is intended to be directed towards the vetch bunk.
- the refrigerant heats up.
- the refrigerating fluid is gaseous or substantially gaseous at its outlet from the first comb feeder 424.
- the refrigerant After passing through the 432 accumulator, the refrigerant passes through the internal tanker digger 464, where it absorbs calories from the refrigerant flowing through the inner tanker digger 464 in the opposite direction. At the outlet of the internal tanker digger 464, the refrigerant fluid from the accumulator 432 is completely gaseous. The refrigerant is then directed into the compressor 422 and thus changes from low pressure to high pressure. The refrigerant then passes through the first valve 428 before being mixed with the portion of the refrigerant flowing in the second sub-circuit 440 to restart its circuit.
- the portion of the refrigerant passes through the fifth heat exchanger 450, where the refrigerant transfers heat to the air flow circulating in the fifth heat exchanger 450, which further lowers the temperature of the fluid refrigerant.
- the refrigerant is sub-cooled and therefore completely liquid.
- the refrigerant is then sucked and then pumped back by the pump 446 towards the second heat exchanger 444.
- the refrigerant circulates within the second heat exchanger 444, where it absorbs calories from the vehicle's power train. which cools the vehicle's drivetrain while increasing the temperature of the coolant.
- the refrigerant At the outlet of the second heat exchanger, the refrigerant is in the gaseous state, essentially gaseous or diphasic liquid-gas.
- the refrigerant then passes through the second expansion member 442 inactive and therefore has no effect on the pressure of the refrigerant flowing therethrough.
- the refrigerant is then collected in the common part 460 with the part of the refrigerant fluid circulated in the first sub-circuit 420 and starts the circuit again.
- Fig. 18 shows a third additional mode of operation.
- the refrigerant circuit operates as a heat pump.
- the starting method according to the invention is not necessary for the use of this mode of operation.
- the refrigerant circulates in the common part 460 in gaseous or substantially gaseous form, at a low pressure, for example 3 bar, in a direction opposite to that in which it circulated in the previous examples.
- the refrigerant circulates in the first heat exchanger 462, before being directed into the bypass portion 434 ⁇
- the refrigerant absorbs calories from the air flow flowing in the first heat exchanger 462 in a separate but adjacent space from the space in which the refrigerant circulates.
- the cooling fluid is in the gaseous state or essentially gaseous state.
- the first valve 428 being closed and the second valve 436 being open, the refrigerant circulates in the bypass portion 434 and the accumulator 432.
- the refrigerant then passes through the internal heat exchanger 464, where the refrigerant passing by the part of the internal heat exchanger 464 disposed on the common part 460 and the fluid passing through the part of the internal heat exchanger 464 disposed on the first sub-circuit 420 performs little or no exchange both portions of the fluid being at low pressure.
- the refrigerant is then compressed by the compressor 422 to reach a high pressure, for example 21 bar, before being directed to the third sub-circuit 480.
- the refrigerant circulates in the fourth heat exchanger 482, where the refrigerant transfers heat to the air flowing through the fourth heat exchanger 482.
- the refrigerant is thus cooled by its passage through the fourth heat exchanger 482.
- the refrigerant is expanded by its passage in the third expansion member 484 from high pressure to low pressure.
- the refrigerant is then collected in the common part 460 where it passes through the internal heat exchanger 464. Within the internal heat exchanger 464, the refrigerant fluid does not exchange, the two portions of the fluid being at low pressure.
- the coolant is then directed to the third heat exchanger 462 to restart the circuit.
- Fig. 19 shows a fourth additional mode of operation.
- the refrigerant circuit operates as a heat pump, using pump 446 rather than compressor 422 to provide refrigerant circulation in the fourth circuit 400.
- call 446 pump it requires the prior implementation of the starting method according to the invention, before use, so as to prevent cavitation of the refrigerant within the pump 446.
- the coolant flows in the common part 460 in gaseous or substantially gaseous form, at a high pressure, for example 21 bar, and flows in the third heat exchanger 462.
- the refrigerant transfers calories the flow of air flowing in the third heat exchanger 462 in a separate space but adjacent to the space where the refrigerant circulates, which warms the air flow while cooling the coolant circulating in the third heat exchanger 462.
- the cooling fluid is in the liquid or essentially liquid state.
- Part of the coolant is then directed to the second sub-circuit 440, another part continuing its circulation in the common part 460, to the internal heat exchanger 464.
- the portion of the refrigerant circulating in the second sub-circuit 440 passes through the fifth heat exchanger 450, where the refrigerant transfers heat to the flow of air flowing in the fifth heat exchanger 450, which further lowers the temperature of the fluid. refrigerant.
- the refrigerant transfers heat to the flow of air flowing in the fifth heat exchanger 450, which further lowers the temperature of the fluid. refrigerant.
- the refrigerant is sub-cooled and therefore completely liquid.
- the refrigerant is then sucked and then pumped back by the pump 446 towards the second heat exchanger 444.
- the refrigerant circulates within the second heat exchanger 444 where it absorbs heat from the vehicle's power train, which cools the traction chain of the vehicle while increasing the temperature of the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant At the outlet of the second heat exchanger, the refrigerant is in the gaseous state, essentially gaseous or diphasic liquid-gas.
- the refrigerant then passes through the second expansion member 442 inactive and therefore has no effect on the pressure of the refrigerant flowing therethrough.
- the refrigerant is then collected in the common part 460 with the part of the coolant circulating in the third sub-circuit 480 to restart the circuit.
- the portion of the refrigerant fluid continuing its circulation in the common part 460 then passes into the internal heat exchanger 464.
- the first expansion member 426 is closed, the refrigerant does not circulate in the first sub-circuit 420, and consequently not in the portion of the internal heat exchanger 464 located in the first sub-circuit 420.
- the internal heat exchanger 464 is therefore inert, that is to say that no heat exchange takes place at within it.
- the refrigerant is then directed to the third sub-circuit 480 by the first branch 488, before passing through the third expansion member 484.
- the third expansion member 484 is inert, the refrigerant does not undergo any pressure variation.
- the refrigerant then passes through the fourth heat exchanger 482, where it transfers heat to the flow of air flowing in the fourth heat exchanger 482, which heats the air flow while cooling the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant is then through the first valve 428 before being collected in the common part 460 with the portion of the refrigerant flowing in the second sub-circuit 440 to restart the circuit.
- the heat exchange between the refrigerant and the traction chain or one of its elements is done directly, that is to say that the exchange is done without intermediary, for example by circulation of the coolant in contact with the traction chain or one of its elements.
- the refrigerant fluid is a refrigerant or a mixture of refrigerant fluid, hydrochlorofluorocarbon family (HCFC), or hydrofluorocarbons (HFC).
- the refrigerant may in particular be Rl34a or 1234YF-
- the refrigerant may also be carbon dioxide known by the acronym R744-
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1758370A FR3071048B1 (fr) | 2017-09-11 | 2017-09-11 | Procede de demarrage d'un circuit de fluide refrigerant comprenant une pompe liquide |
PCT/FR2018/052203 WO2019048801A1 (fr) | 2017-09-11 | 2018-09-10 | Procede de demarrage d'un circuit de fluide refrigerant comprenant une pompe liquide |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3682174A1 true EP3682174A1 (fr) | 2020-07-22 |
Family
ID=60450825
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18782101.2A Pending EP3682174A1 (fr) | 2017-09-11 | 2018-09-10 | Procede de demarrage d'un circuit de fluide refrigerant comprenant une pompe liquide |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3682174A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN111542721A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3071048B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2019048801A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3103741B1 (fr) * | 2019-11-29 | 2022-07-29 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Systeme de traitement thermique destine a un vehicule automobile |
DE102021201795A1 (de) | 2021-02-25 | 2022-08-25 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Kühleinrichtung für eine Fahrzeugbatterie |
FR3139045A1 (fr) * | 2022-08-26 | 2024-03-01 | Psa Automobiles Sa | DISPOSITIF DE REFROIDISSEMENT Des composants Électriques de la motorisation D’un vÉhicule automobile |
EP4442478A1 (fr) * | 2023-04-06 | 2024-10-09 | Volvo Truck Corporation | Système de refroidissement, véhicule et procédé de commande de système de refroidissement |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2932875B1 (fr) * | 2008-06-19 | 2013-09-13 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation a stockage de froid |
FR2979288B1 (fr) * | 2011-08-25 | 2013-08-23 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Dispositif de controle d'une circulation de fluide refrigerant et circuit incorporant un tel dispositif |
DE102014001022A1 (de) * | 2014-01-27 | 2015-07-30 | Liebherr-Transportation Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Fahrzeugkühlkreislauf |
FR3020129B1 (fr) * | 2014-04-16 | 2019-03-22 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Circuit de fluide frigorigene |
FR3024769A1 (fr) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-02-12 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Circuit thermodynamique, notamment pour vehicule automobile |
-
2017
- 2017-09-11 FR FR1758370A patent/FR3071048B1/fr active Active
-
2018
- 2018-09-10 EP EP18782101.2A patent/EP3682174A1/fr active Pending
- 2018-09-10 CN CN201880068777.8A patent/CN111542721A/zh active Pending
- 2018-09-10 WO PCT/FR2018/052203 patent/WO2019048801A1/fr unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3071048A1 (fr) | 2019-03-15 |
FR3071048B1 (fr) | 2019-08-23 |
WO2019048801A1 (fr) | 2019-03-14 |
CN111542721A (zh) | 2020-08-14 |
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