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EP3671957B1 - Antenne à ondes de fuite - Google Patents

Antenne à ondes de fuite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3671957B1
EP3671957B1 EP18213890.9A EP18213890A EP3671957B1 EP 3671957 B1 EP3671957 B1 EP 3671957B1 EP 18213890 A EP18213890 A EP 18213890A EP 3671957 B1 EP3671957 B1 EP 3671957B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
line
ply
layer
insulating
leaky
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18213890.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3671957A1 (fr
Inventor
Lukas Walter Mayer
Andreas Hofmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP18213890.9A priority Critical patent/EP3671957B1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2019/081649 priority patent/WO2020126254A1/fr
Publication of EP3671957A1 publication Critical patent/EP3671957A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3671957B1 publication Critical patent/EP3671957B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/206—Microstrip transmission line antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3291—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted in or on other locations inside the vehicle or vehicle body
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a leaky wave antenna and a method for producing a leaky wave antenna.
  • a leaky antenna is an antenna that emits power in small amounts per unit length either continuously or discretely from a leaky line or structure to free space.
  • Leaky antennas and methods suitable for the manufacture of such leaky antennas are out GB 1247546A , U.S. 2012/229364 A1 , US4728962A , JP S63 260302 A , U.S. 2018/053981 A1 , U.S. 2010/194500 A1 known.
  • leaky wave antennas in the form of coaxial lines are often used, which have several corresponding openings along the line in the outer sheath, each of which has the same shape as a result of the production process and are used as slot antennas.
  • coaxial leaky-wave antennas usually have the disadvantage that the respective emission of electromagnetic power of the individual antennas along the line is not the same due to the manufacturing process, but rather decreases over the length.
  • the object is achieved by a leaky wave antenna according to claim 1.
  • the invention thus builds on an embedded stripline.
  • the conductor strip is covered by a dielectric of the same thickness at the top and bottom and runs parallel to two conductive layers (ground) that are applied to the dielectrics.
  • the distance to both ground planes can also be different (offset stripline).
  • layers and plies are parts of a composite material which is intended to form the leaky wave antenna in the finished state.
  • the term layer or sheet should not be construed as limiting as to the nature of the material or the manufacturing process.
  • the layers and plies may be of a flexible material such as plastic, cellular foam, metal foils, or a woven fibrous material.
  • materials based on fiberglass or Teflon can also be used, for example.
  • the layers preferably use a flexible material such as foam, a material with a low relative permittivity, such as less than two or three, or a combination of a flexible material and a low relative permittivity.
  • the layers and plies can, for example, be piecewise made of a solid material, such as FR4 or Teflon circuit board carrier with one-sided, two-sided or multi-layer metallization for circuit layers, individual boards being fed piecewise to the method according to the invention and then connected one after the other and to one another.
  • a solid material such as FR4 or Teflon circuit board carrier with one-sided, two-sided or multi-layer metallization for circuit layers
  • the layers and plies can, for example, be made of a material which is printed, sprayed or applied by a chemical or physical process to foils or plates.
  • openings or structures, for example for coupling means, can also be provided in the layers and/or layers.
  • the multiplicity of antenna elements of the leaky wave antenna comprises at least ten, preferably at least thirty and particularly preferably at least fifty antenna elements, since the effect according to the invention can be perceived particularly advantageously with increasing line length compared to the prior art.
  • the necessary transmission power can be reduced accordingly, since also the last located antenna element of the leaky wave antenna, starting from the feed point, can be sufficiently supplied with power. Furthermore, the reception of electromagnetic power from the antenna element of the leaky wave antenna located last can also be improved.
  • the leaky wave antenna according to the invention allows a uniform emission and reception of electromagnetic power over the entire length of the leaky wave antenna. This makes the leaky wave antenna particularly suitable for use when mounting on elongated objects with many antenna elements, in particular train cars, aircraft fuselages or buildings.
  • the length of the at least one line of the leaky wave antenna is at least five meters, preferably at least ten meters and particularly preferably at least 20 meters and is therefore greater than a single typical panel in the production of printed circuit boards.
  • a panel usually includes several printed circuit boards during their manufacture and can be limited to the dimensions of the production systems used.
  • a panel In electrical connection technology, a panel is referred to as a panel in production, which consists of individual circuit boards and has not yet been separated.
  • a maximum panel size or circuit board size can vary depending on the circuit board manufacturer and technical equipment. Based on the standard panel cut of 610 mm * 530 mm, which is often processed, many manufacturers result in maximum dimensions of approx. 570 mm * 490 mm.
  • the base materials for printed circuit boards can shrink or stretch undesirably (dimensional stability) during a printed circuit board manufacturing process, which reduces the size of a printed circuit board. Furthermore, in the case of very large printed circuit boards or large panels, the positioning of structures or components on the printed circuit boards cannot always be carried out with the necessary accuracy, or an undesirable offset from layer to layer of the printed circuit board can arise as the size increases. Bending of a large blank during transport in transport devices can lead to unfavorable mechanical stresses, for example at soldering points.
  • At least two lines are included, which are preferably provided for feeding in or decoupling electrical signals, each with different frequencies.
  • the insulating layer has a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer, which are preferably each formed by a foam material.
  • the at least one line is arranged between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer is. As a result, a particularly inexpensive and compact design is achieved.
  • the respective coupling means is formed by the distance between the at least one line and the respective antenna element, the distance being determined in a plane transverse to the at least one line.
  • the respective coupling means is formed by a coupling structure in the form of a directional coupler. This allows the coupling between the line and the respective antenna element to be defined in a particularly simple manner, with an even broader selection of antenna types being supported, for example circularly polarized antennas or antennas with specific radiation characteristics.
  • the respective coupling means is formed or arranged between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer.
  • the coupling means can be integrated into the antenna in a cost-effective and simple manner, and a compact design can be achieved overall.
  • the coupling means does not have to have a dedicated structural element, but can be formed by an arrangement of line and antenna element.
  • the invention also provides for an adapter element to be inserted between the lower layer and the upper layer.
  • an electrical and/or mechanical connection can be created, by means of which the leaky-wave antenna can be attached to other components, or a signal can be coupled in or out For example, can be done with a corresponding high-frequency connector.
  • a leaky wave antenna according to the invention is provided as part of a communication device in an airplane, a train or a building.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a leaky wave antenna according to the invention according to claim 7.
  • This provides a method for the simple and cost-effective production of a leaky-wave antenna, which allows uniform emission and reception of electromagnetic power over the entire length of the leaky-wave antenna, which is particularly suitable for long line lengths of the leaky-wave antenna.
  • Additional layers can be provided between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer, for example for additional circuit components or also additional mechanical support layers. Provision can thus be made for a line or a coupling structure to be arranged on an electrically non-conductive carrier layer and thus fed to the method. Provision can also be made for a line or a coupling structure to form a composite, which is connected in advance by means of mechanical carrier layers and is thus supplied to the method.
  • the coupling factors stored in the memory can then be accessed for the production and taken into account when introducing a respective opening.
  • the coupling factors are determined taking into account the material properties and the dimensions of the composite material and the antenna elements, as well as the desired electromagnetic properties of the leaky wave antenna.
  • the invention also provides for the layers to be aligned with one another when the material stack is formed in such a way that they form the leaky wave antenna, and the material stack is moved continuously in one production direction, with the opening before the material stack is formed, starting from the respective feed point is introduced at a fixed distance from the at least one line, which determines the coupling factor, in a plane transverse to the production direction by means of a cutting device.
  • This allows a leaky wave antenna with theoretically any length of line to be made possible.
  • the cutting device introduces the opening by punching, laser cutting or a combination thereof. This allows the opening for a respective antenna element to be introduced in a simple and cost-effective manner, with the respective position of the opening being flexibly adjustable, in particular in a plane transverse to the production direction, and the respective coupling factor thus being set easily.
  • connection takes place by lamination, gluing, pressing or a combination thereof. This allows a simple and reliable mechanical connection of the material stack during continuous movement in the production direction in the manufacturing process.
  • the respective coupling means for the respective antenna element is formed by the distance between the respective antenna element and the at least one line, in a plane transverse to the at least one line, which determines the coupling factor.
  • the lower layer has/have a first transverse overhang and/or the upper layer has/have a second transverse overhang in a plane transverse to the at least one line, which transverse overhangs relative to the line layer and/or or the first insulating layer and/or the second insulating layer, and the first and/or second transverse projection is connected to the other of the lower layer and/or the upper layer in a method step subsequent to step i becomes.
  • electromagnetic shielding can be created at the edge of the composite material of the leaky wave line, which reduces undesired emission of signals that are coupled into the at least one line.
  • the invention also provides that the lower layer has/have a first longitudinal overhang and the upper layer has/have a second longitudinal overhang in a plane along the at least one line, which longitudinal overhangs relative to the line layer and/or the first Insulating layer and/or the second insulating layer protrude, and an adapter element is introduced between the respective longitudinal projections in a method step following step i.
  • the adapter element can be used to create an electrical or mechanical coupling of the composite material of the leaky-wave antenna at a fastening point or an electrical contact element.
  • At least one via which connects the lower layer to the upper layer (, is introduced in a method step following step i. This enables the electromagnetic coupling of signals on two or more lines in the material composite of the Leaky-wave antenna can be reduced, or undesired emission of signals from an open edge of the composite material of the leaky-wave line, which are coupled into the at least one line, can be reduced.
  • the respective coupling means for the respective antenna element is formed by a coupling structure which determines the coupling factor between the at least one line and the respective antenna element, with an electrically conductive material is provided as a coupling layer of the composite material and structured accordingly for the respective antenna element, and is arranged between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer aligned with one another, and all arranged layers aligned with one another form the material stack before step i is carried out.
  • a further structural means in the form of the coupling structure for example a directional coupler or a phase shifter, further degrees of freedom are made possible for setting the coupling factor.
  • a coupling for a circularly polarized antenna can be implemented.
  • the coupling layer corresponds to the line layer, which means that the coupling structure and the line can be produced in the same layer and the method is simplified.
  • first and the second insulating layer, the line layer and the lower and upper layer are each a material in strip form, which layers are fed to the process in rolled form, unrolled there and made available in the corresponding process steps.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a leaky wave antenna 100 according to the invention schematically in a cross-sectional view.
  • the leaky wave antenna 100 has two lines 110, 111 which are embedded in an insulating layer 120 and form a symmetrical stripline.
  • the lines 110, 111 lie in one plane and form a common line layer 115.
  • the insulating layer 120 has a first insulating layer 121 and a second insulating layer 122, which are preferably each formed by a foam material.
  • the insulating layer 120 is arranged between an electrically conductive lower layer 130 and an electrically conductive upper layer 140 .
  • the lines 110, 111 are arranged between the first insulating layer 121 and the second insulating layer 122.
  • FIG. 1 A large number of antenna elements in the form of openings 150, 155 along the lines 110, 111 are introduced in the upper layer 140.
  • FIG. 1 A large number of antenna elements in the form of openings 150, 155 along the lines 110, 111 are introduced in the upper layer 140.
  • the lower layer 130 and the upper layer 140, the first insulating layer 121 and the second insulating layer 122 together with the line layer 115 form a material stack or a material composite 303.
  • the material stack means a loose stack of layers and plies, which are first connected mechanically, for example by gluing.
  • the material composite 303 means the already mechanically connected material stack.
  • a transverse core area 400 can be seen in the figure, which contains a section of the material stack (or the material composite 303) with the lines 110, 111.
  • the leaky wave antenna 100 also has longitudinal edge regions 401, 402, which form the edge or end of the material stack or the material composite 303 and run along or parallel to the lines 110, 111.
  • the longitudinal edge regions 401, 402 can, for example, as shown in the figure, form a joint termination of the plies and layers of the material stack along the lines 110, 111.
  • the leaky wave antenna 100 is shown schematically in plan view.
  • the two lines 110, 111 are for feeding in electrical signals, each with different frequencies, and can be generated, for example, by a communication device for use in an airplane, a train or a building.
  • the lines 110, 111 each have a feed point 101, 102 and run parallel.
  • Running two or more lines in parallel is advantageous for a very long leaky-wave antenna, since theoretically any length of line of the leaky-wave antenna can be produced.
  • the openings 150-153, 155-159 each have a slot length 103, 105 and a slot width 104, 106, the geometry of the openings being determined by the center frequency of the respective antenna elements 150-153, 155-158.
  • the openings 150-153, 155-159 are of the same size, but the openings 150-153, 155-159 are spaced at different distances from the respective line 110, 111.
  • a coupling means is provided between the lines 110, 111 and a respective antenna element 150-153, 155-158 from the plurality of antenna elements, which coupler defines a respective coupling factor.
  • the respective coupling factor describes the electromagnetic coupling between the line 110, 111 and the respective antenna element 150-153, 155-158.
  • the respective coupling means is formed by a transverse spacing 160-163, 165-168 between the lines 110, 111 and the respective antenna element 150-153, 155-158.
  • the transverse distance 160-163, 165-168 is determined in a plane across the lines 110, 111 and can be measured, for example, in the plane from the center point of the line 110, 111 to an edge of the antenna element 150-153, 155-158.
  • Other definitions are also permissible provided they are applied to all lateral distances 160-163, 165-168.
  • the coupling factor of the respective antenna element 150-153, 155-158 increases along the respective line 110, 111, ie with increasing longitudinal spacing 170-173, 175-178.
  • the leaky wave antenna 100 has a static radiation characteristic. Basically, however, is also a beam deflection possible by considering appropriate mechanisms, such as in the WO2001043228A1 executed.
  • the multiplicity of antenna elements of the leaky wave antenna 100 comprises at least ten, preferably at least 30 and particularly preferably at least fifty antenna elements 150-153, 155-158.
  • the leaky wave antenna 100 is particularly suitable for use when mounting on elongated objects, in particular train cars, aircraft fuselages or corresponding buildings.
  • the length of the lines 101, 102 of the leaky wave antenna 100 is at least five meters, preferably at least ten meters and particularly preferably at least 20 meters.
  • a longitudinal core region 500 of the can be seen in the figure, which contains a section of the material stack or of the material composite 303 with the lines 110, 111.
  • the leaky wave antenna 100 also has transverse edge regions 501, 502, which form the edge or end of the material stack or the material composite 303 and run transversely to the lines 110, 111.
  • the transverse edge regions 501, 502 can, for example, as shown in the figure, form a joint termination of the plies and layers of the material stack transverse to the lines 110, 111. In this specific arrangement, no division into areas occurs, but the longitudinal core area 500 and the transverse edge areas 501, 502 form a common area.
  • the feed points 101, 102 of the lines 110, 111 are located in the transverse edge area 501 in this example.
  • the feed points 101, 102 of the lines 110, 111 are located in the longitudinal core region 500.
  • a second exemplary embodiment of a leaky wave antenna 200 is shown schematically in a plan view.
  • the respective coupling means is formed by a coupling structure in the form of a directional coupler.
  • the lines 210, 211 each have a feed point 201, 202 and run parallel.
  • the openings 250-253, 255-258 each include two partial openings in the form of slot antennas, which are arranged rotated at an angle of 90° to one another and, by means of a correspondingly designed coupling, generate a circularly polarized electromagnetic field of the leaky wave antenna 200 .
  • the coupling is set up to feed the respective two partial openings from the respective line 210, 211 at a phase angle differing by 90°, with the amplitude coupling along the respective line 210, 211 also decreasing according to the invention.
  • the openings 250-253, 255-258 are the same size and shape and are spaced different distances from the respective conduit 210, 211.
  • a coupling means is provided between the lines 110, 111 and a respective antenna element 150-153, 155-158 from the plurality of antenna elements, which coupler defines a respective coupling factor.
  • the respective coupling factor describes the electromagnetic coupling between the line 110, 111 and the respective antenna element 150-153, 155-158.
  • the respective coupling means is formed by a transverse spacing 160-163, 165-168 between the lines 110, 111 and the respective antenna element 150-153, 155-158.
  • the transverse distance 160-163, 165-168 is determined in a plane across the lines 110, 111 and can be measured, for example, in the plane from the center point of the line 110, 111 to an edge of the antenna element 150-153, 155-158. Other definitions for determining the transverse distance are also possible.
  • the coupling factor of the respective antenna element 150-153, 155-158 increases along the respective line 110, 111, ie with increasing longitudinal spacing 170-173, 175-178.
  • the respective coupling means is formed by the transverse distance 160-163, 165-168 and is therefore not a dedicated structural means and is consequently formed between the first insulating layer 221 and the second insulating layer 222.
  • 4 1 shows a first example of a production plant 1 for carrying out a method 300 for producing the leaky wave antenna 100 1 and 2 .
  • the leaky wave antenna 100 has a large number of antenna elements, two lines 110, 111, each with a feed point 101, 102, and the composite material 303.
  • the first and second insulating layer 121, 122 can each also be formed from a different material which, for example, only functions as a spacer, ie has a relative permittivity of almost one.
  • the bottom and top layers 130, 130 may also be formed of other electrically conductive material, such as aluminum, silver-plated copper, a conductive plastic composite, embossed or corrugated foil, mesh, or fabric.
  • the production plant 1 has a base 302 over which the lower layer 130 is guided via deflection rollers 350, 351.
  • the deflection rollers 350, 351 also serve to tension the lower layer 130 and thus ensure or support the subsequent alignment of the individual layers or plies with one another.
  • the lower layer 130 is continuously moved over the base 302 in a production direction 301 and the method steps according to the invention are carried out.
  • the first insulating layer 121 is fed via a deflection roller 352 to a laminating device 360 with a pretensioning roller guide 371, with a transfer roller 372 producing a laminating connection between the lower layer 130 and the first insulating layer 121 by pressing and heating.
  • lamination refers on the one hand to a cohesive, thermal joining process without auxiliary materials, which means the joining of a thin, often foil-like layer to a carrier material using an adhesive.
  • lamination also refers to the joining of at least two film layers of thermoplastics by reaching the glass transition temperature and corresponding pressure.
  • the roller guide 371 is used to adjust or to produce a mutually aligned arrangement of layers from the lower layer 130 and the first insulating layer 121, as a result of which a material stack is formed.
  • the layers of the material stack are connected by means of the lamination by the transfer roller 372, as a result of which a first part of the material composite 303 is produced.
  • the transfer roller 372 applies heat and pressure to the joining process.
  • an adhesive material is already applied to the first insulating layer 121, which is intended for the connection between the lower layer 130 and the first insulating layer 121 and permanent adhesion of the lower layer 130 and the first insulating layer 121 is achieved by the joining method.
  • the line layer 115 is fed via a deflection roller 353 to a laminating device 361 with a pretensioning roller guide 373, with a transfer roller 374 producing a laminating connection between the first insulating layer 121 and the line layer 115 by pressing and heating.
  • the lamination takes place analogously to the laminating device 360, as a result of which the composite material 303 produced up to now is expanded by the line layer 115.
  • the line layer 115 has the lines 110, 111.
  • the lines are applied to a plastic film as a carrier layer, to which an adhesive material for lamination with the first insulating layer 121 is additionally applied.
  • the lines 110, 111 could also be supplied to the process directly, ie without a carrier layer, for example in the form of copper strips.
  • the lines 110, 111 each have a predefined line width. Together with the layer thicknesses of the first and second insulating layers 121, 122 and their dielectric material properties is the respective characteristic impedance of the lines 110, 111 defined.
  • the second insulating layer 122 is fed via a deflection roller 354 to a laminating device 362 with a pretensioning roller guide 375, with a transfer roller 376 producing a laminating connection between the line layer 115 and the second insulating layer 122 by pressing and heating.
  • the upper layer 140 is fed via a deflection roller 355 to a cutting device 380 in the form of a punching device with roller guides.
  • the cutting device 380 has tensioning roller guides 381, 382 which tension the material of the top layer 140 on a cutting pad 383.
  • the cutting device 380 comprises a punch 384 which, by means of a punching stroke 385, makes an opening 150-153, 155-158 in the upper layer 140 normal to the surface of the tensioned upper layer 140.
  • the shape of the stamp 384 corresponds to the desired shape of the respective antenna element 150-153, 155-158.
  • the punching base 383 is matched to the punch 384.
  • the stamp 384 can also be movably controlled transversely to the production direction 301 . This allows positioning of the stamp 384 transversely to the respective line 110, 111 depending on the distance from the respective feed point 101, 102 at a distance 160-163, 165-168, whereby the coupling of the respective antenna element 150-153, 155 -158 to the respective line 110, 111 is adjustable.
  • the respective coupling is formed by the respective distance 160-163, 165-168 between the respective antenna element 150-153, 155-158 and the respective line 110, 111 in a plane transverse to the respective line 110, 111.
  • the movement of the material to be die-cut can be stopped briefly, since the deflection rollers 355 and 356 are designed in such a way that they compensate for the short-term stopping of the material without slowing down or stopping the continuous lamination process.
  • the punch 384 and the punching pad 383 of the cutting device 380 can be moved along with the tensioned top layer 140 during the punching process. Then, after the punching process, the punch 384 and the punching pad 383 are returned to the original position.
  • the now punched upper layer 140 is fed via a deflection roller 356 to a laminating device 363 with a pretensioning roller guide 377, with a transfer roller 378 creating a laminating connection between the second insulating layer 122 and the upper layer 140 is produced.
  • An adhesive material is already applied to the top layer 140 for subsequent lamination with the second insulating layer 122 .
  • the lamination takes place analogously to the laminating device 360, as a result of which the composite material 303 produced up to now is expanded by the upper layer 140 and completed.
  • the composite material that is produced successively is also continuously moved in the production direction 301 .
  • the result of this is that the individual steps of the production method for each antenna element are repeated for all antenna elements 150-153, 155-158 from the large number of antenna elements.
  • the composite material 303 of the leaky wave antenna 100 is defined in section AA, which is shown as a sectional image in 1 is recognizable.
  • figure 5 shows a second example of a production plant 2 for carrying out a method 400 for manufacturing the leaky wave antenna 200.
  • the production plant 2 corresponds to a large extent to the production plant 1.
  • the openings 250-253, 255-258 each have two partial openings and a different shape or orientation compared to the openings 150-153, 155-158. Therefore, the punch 386 is accordingly designed for punching two partial openings.
  • the punching pad 387 is matched to the punch 386.
  • the respective coupling structure is formed in the form of a two-part directional coupler, which in this example is printed onto the line layer 115 by means of a printing process as electrically conductive printing ink. After the ink has dried, the layer can be further processed in the further lamination process.
  • the printing method is carried out by a printing device 390, which has, for example, a printing matrix, a screen printing arrangement or a digitally controllable print head of an inkjet printer.
  • the printing device 390, or those parts that generate the printed image can be movably controlled transversely to the production direction 302 in order to achieve an adjustment of the position of the coupling structure with respect to the lines 201, 202.
  • the coupling layer which includes the coupling structures, corresponds to line layer 215.
  • the respective coupling structure can also be applied, for example, by simple gluing using local adhesive elements.
  • the respective coupling structure can, for example, already be produced and provided in advance on a carrier layer of the line layer 215 .
  • the composite material 304 of the leaky wave antenna 200 is defined in section BB.
  • Steps h and i can be spread over several of steps a to g, as in FIGS 4 and 5 shown. In other words, it is not necessary to first form a complete material stack, which has all the layers, and only then establish a connection between the individual layers. Provision can also be made, for example, for individual layers to be successively erected and connected to one another.
  • steps a and b are applied sequentially.
  • Step c occurs independently of the other steps.
  • Steps d to g take place independently of the other steps, but chronologically in the sequence defg, where f denotes the repetition of step e.
  • the layers produced are aligned with one another in step h as a material stack and are structurally connected to one another in step i.
  • steps a, b, c and g can be performed independently of one another.
  • the layers produced are again aligned with one another in step h as a material stack and structurally connected to one another in step i.
  • steps d and e or step f, in which step e is repeated
  • steps h and i are sequential.
  • FIG. 9 shows a sectional view of the leaky wave antenna 100 with alternative designs for longitudinal edge areas, which the longitudinal edge areas 401, 402 of 1 should replace.
  • the lower layer 130 and the upper layer 140 each extend beyond the first insulating layer 121 and the second insulating layer 122 and form optional transverse projections 413, 414, 415, 416 of the respective layer 130, 140, with other applications, only a transverse overhang can be provided.
  • the transverse projections 413, 414, 415, 416 can be used to achieve lateral electromagnetic sealing of the leaky wave antenna 100. As a result, undesired electromagnetic radiation from open longitudinal edge regions 401, 402 during operation of the leaky wave antenna 100 can be reduced if necessary.
  • the transverse projections 413, 414, 415, 416 are used to electrically connect the bottom layer 130 and the top layer 140 together.
  • the lower layer 130 thus has a first transverse projection 414, 416, 424, 444 and the upper layer 140 has a second transverse projection 413, 415, 423, 433, 443, each in a plane transverse to the lines 110, 111.
  • the transverse projections 413, 414, 415, 416, 423, 424, 433, 443, 444 protrude from the line layer 115 and the first insulating layer 121 and the second insulating layer 121.
  • the first and the second transverse projection 413, 414, 415, 416, 423, 424, 433, 443, 444 are connected to the other of the lower layer 130 and/or the upper layer 140 in a method step following step i.
  • Establishing a connection between the lower layer 130 and the upper layer 140 can be done in different ways, as shown in FIGS Figures 10 to 12 shown.
  • a longitudinal edge region 421 of leaky wave antenna 100 can be seen in a sectional view, with the transverse projections 423, 424 each having a length that is shorter than the height of the material stack made up of the first insulating layer 121, the second insulating layer 122 and the embedded line layer 115
  • the transverse projections 423, 424 can be folded in and attached to the lateral terminations of the first and second insulating layer 121, 122 and connected to one another, for example by gluing using an electrically conductive adhesive.
  • Folding in the transverse projections 423, 424 can take place by appropriately guiding the lower and upper layers 130, 140, if necessary with the support of pressure rollers.
  • a longitudinal edge area 431 of the leaky wave antenna 100 can be seen in a sectional view, where the transverse overhang 433 has a length that is longer than the height of the material stack of the first insulating layer 121, the second insulating layer 122 and the conductor layer 115.
  • a second transverse overhang has a length of zero, i.e. the second transverse overhang does not stand out. Therefore, in this example, the second lateral overhang of zero length is replaced by the lateral overhang 433.
  • the second transverse overhang protrudes slightly or is recessed in order to allow higher tolerances in production.
  • the transverse projection 433 can thus be folded in and attached to the lateral ends of the first and second insulating layers 121, 122 and to the lower layer 130 and connected to one another, for example by gluing using an electrically conductive adhesive.
  • a longitudinal edge region 441 of leaky-wave antenna 100 can be seen in a sectional view, the transverse projections 443, 444 each having a length such that the lower layer 130 and the upper layer 140 can be connected directly to one another, for example by gluing using an electrically conductive adhesive.
  • the transverse core area 500 can be seen in a sectional view of the leaky wave antenna 100 .
  • the statements of the 2 .
  • Alternative designs for the lateral edge areas 511, 512 are shown which are the lateral edge areas 501, 502 of the 2 should replace.
  • the space formed between optional longitudinal projections 513, 514 can be used to accommodate an adapter element 550, 560, 570 for the leaky wave antenna 100.
  • an adapter element 550, 560, 570 between the lower layer 130 and the upper layer 140 may be inserted.
  • only one longitudinal overhang can be provided on one side of the leaky wave antenna, for example on the side on which the feed points 101, 102 are located.
  • an adapter element is accommodated, for example, in the transverse edge area 512 .
  • the adapter element 550, 560, 570 can be provided, for example, for mechanical or electrical tasks.
  • a mechanical adapter element 550, 560, 570 can be provided, for example, to provide a mechanically stable layer by means of which the leaky wave antenna 100 can be attached to an operating location, for example when using the leaky wave antenna 100 in a communication system in a train, building or airplane .
  • Fastening can be done using mechanical fasteners such as screws and mounting holes.
  • An electrical adapter element 550, 560, 570 can be provided, for example, to establish a mechanical and electrical connection from the leaky wave antenna 100 to an electrical connection element, such as a coaxial plug, which is attached to the adapter element 550, 560, 570.
  • the adapter element 550, 560, 570 can be made, for example, from a circuit board material such as FR4 and corresponding conductor tracks on one or more layers for a respective planar coaxial stripline transition for the lines 110, 111, as well as optional electronic assemblies or high-frequency electronic assemblies such as transmitters , receivers, terminators or power measurement devices exhibit.
  • another line type preferred for the respective application can also be provided for connecting the leaky wave antenna.
  • a combination of electrical and mechanical connecting elements can also be provided by means of the adapter element 550, 560, 570.
  • additional reinforcement elements can be applied to the surfaces of the lower and upper layers 130, 140, for example by gluing, which connect the transverse edge area 501, 502, 511, 512 to the transverse core area 500.
  • the adapter element 550, 560 can easily be pushed into the composite material 303 in a respective insertion direction 561, 562, for example, and glued in the material stack.
  • the adapter element 550, 560 should have the same thickness as specified by the volume between the longitudinal projections 513, 514.
  • An adhesive layer can be provided between the longitudinal projections 513, 514 and the adapter element 550, for example by means of adhesive, in order to produce a mechanical connection.
  • the lower layer 130 has a first longitudinal overhang 514 and the upper layer 140 has a second longitudinal overhang 513, each in a plane along the at least one line 110, 111.
  • the longitudinal projections 513, 514 protrude from the line layer 115 and/or the first insulating layer 121 and/or the second insulating layer 121.
  • the adapter element 550, 560 is introduced between the respective projections in a method step following step i, as in 14 in a longitudinal section of the leaky wave antenna 100 along the production direction 301 or parallel to the lines 110, 111 shown. Furthermore, in the 13 a via 600 can be seen, which can be used to reduce an undesired emission of electromagnetic signals, which are fed into the lines 110, 111, from longitudinal edge regions 401, 402.
  • the via 600 which connects the lower layer 130, 230 to the upper layer 140, 240, can be introduced in a method step following step i. Multiple vias along the line are usually required to create electromagnetic shielding.
  • a further example of a transverse edge area 521 of the leaky wave antenna 100 is shown with a further example of an adapter element 570 in a section along the production direction 301.
  • the adapter element 570 has the same thickness as the lower insulating layer 121 and is arranged adjacent to it.
  • a longitudinal overhang 524 of the lower layer 130 and/or a longitudinal overhang 523 of the upper layer 140 can each be connected to the adapter element 570 .
  • the longitudinal projections 523, 524 can be electrically connected to corresponding electrically conductive surfaces on the adapter element 570, for example by gluing with an electrically conductive adhesive.
  • Parts of the line layer 115, in particular the ends of the lines 110, 111 with the feed points 101, 102 have a corresponding longitudinal overhang 525, which protrudes beyond the lower insulating layer 121, and a corresponding Longitudinal shelter 527 from the upper insulating layer 122, behind which the line layer 115 remains.
  • the upper insulating layer 122 consequently has a longitudinal projection 526 compared to the lower insulating layer 121, which also projects beyond the longitudinal projection 525 of the line layer 115. This ensures electrical insulation between the longitudinal overhang 525 of the line layer 115 and the upper electrically conductive layer 140 .
  • the adapter element 570 can be introduced between the longitudinal overhang 525 of the line layer 115 and the longitudinal overhang 524 of the lower layer 130 and subsequently the material stack can be electrically conductively connected to the adapter element 570 .
  • the upper layer 140 is provided with a longitudinal projection 523 which projects beyond the projection of the upper insulating layer 526 and has a length which corresponds at least to the height of the upper insulating layer 122.
  • the overhang 523 can be connected to the adapter element 570 to establish a mechanical and/or electrical connection, for example by gluing with an electrically conductive adhesive.
  • the adapter element 570 in the form of a single-sided, double-sided or multi-layer printed circuit board allows electrical signals to be led out from the core 400 of the leaky-wave antenna 100 to a connection, for example in the form of a plug and/or to electronic assemblies.
  • a dual-band mobile radio communication system 107 with a leaky wave antenna 100 is shown schematically. This ensures even radio coverage within of a wagon, which leads to improved transmission and reception performance for mobile devices in the wagon.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Antenne à ondes de fuite (100, 200), dans laquelle au moins une ligne (110, 111, 210, 211) avec respectivement un point d'alimentation (101, 102, 201, 202) est incorporée dans une couche isolante (120, 220), et la couche isolante (120, 220) est disposée entre une couche inférieure électriquement conductrice (130, 230) et une couche supérieure électriquement conductrice (140, 240),
    dans laquelle une pluralité d'éléments d'antenne sont ménagés dans la couche supérieure (140, 240) sous la forme d'ouvertures le long de l'au moins une ligne (110, 111, 210, 211),
    et respectivement un moyen de couplage est prévu entre l'au moins une ligne (110, 111, 210, 211) et un élément d'antenne (150-153, 155-158, 250-253, 255-258) respectif de la pluralité d'éléments d'antenne, lequel moyen de couplage définit un facteur de couplage respectif qui décrit le couplage électromagnétique entre l'au moins une ligne (110, 111, 210, 211) et l'élément d'antenne (150-153, 155-158, 250-253, 255-258) respectif, et, à partir du point d'alimentation (101, 102, 201, 202) respectif, le facteur de couplage de l'élément d'antenne (150-153, 155-158, 250-253, 255-258) respectif augmente le long de l'au moins une ligne (110, 111, 210, 211),
    et la couche isolante (120, 220) comprend une première strate isolante (121, 221) et une deuxième strate isolante (122, 222), lesquelles sont formées de préférence respectivement à partir d'un matériau en mousse,
    dans laquelle la couche inférieure (130, 230) présente une première saillie longitudinale (513) et la couche supérieure (140, 240) présente une deuxième saillie longitudinale (514) dans un plan le long de l'au moins une ligne (110, 111, 210, 211), lesquelles saillies longitudinales (513, 514) dépassent de la strate de ligne (115, 215) et/ou de la première strate isolante (121, 221) et/ou de la deuxième strate isolante (121, 221), et en outre un élément adaptateur (550, 560, 570) est inséré entre les saillies longitudinales (513, 514) respectives.
  2. Antenne à ondes de fuite (100, 200) selon la revendication précédente, dans laquelle l'au moins une ligne (110, 111, 210, 211) est disposée entre la première strate isolante (121, 221) et la deuxième strate isolante (122, 222) .
  3. Antenne à ondes de fuite (100, 200) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le moyen de couplage respectif est formé par une distance transversale (160-163, 165-168) entre l'au moins une ligne (110, 111, 210, 211) et l'élément d'antenne (150-153, 155-158, 250-253, 255-258) respectif, dans laquelle la distance transversale (160-163, 165-168) est déterminée dans un plan transversal à l'au moins une ligne (110, 111, 210, 211).
  4. Antenne à ondes de fuite (100, 200) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le moyen de couplage respectif est formé par une structure de couplage sous la forme d'un coupleur directionnel.
  5. Antenne à ondes de fuite (100, 200) selon l'une des revendications 3 à 4, dans laquelle le moyen de couplage respectif est formé ou disposé entre la première strate isolante (121, 221) et la deuxième strate isolante (122, 222) .
  6. Dispositif de communication (103, 203) destiné à être utilisé dans un avion, un train ou un bâtiment, comportant une antenne à ondes de fuite (100, 200) selon l'une des revendications précédentes.
  7. Procédé (300, 400) pour la fabrication d'une antenne à ondes de fuite (100, 200) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel l'antenne à ondes de fuite (100, 200) comprend une pluralité d'éléments d'antenne, au moins une ligne (110, 111, 210, 211) avec respectivement un point d'alimentation (101, 102, 201, 202) ainsi qu'un matériau composite (303, 304) et les étapes suivantes sont mises en oeuvre :
    a. fourniture d'un matériau électriquement conducteur en tant que couche inférieure (130, 230) du matériau composite (303, 304),
    b. fourniture d'un matériau diélectrique en tant que première strate isolante (121, 221) du matériau composite (303, 304) et liaison à la couche inférieure (130, 230),
    c. fourniture d'un matériau électriquement conducteur en tant que strate de ligne (115, 215) du matériau composite (303, 304), laquelle comprend l'au moins une ligne (110, 111, 210, 211),
    d. fourniture d'un matériau électriquement conducteur en tant que couche supérieure (140, 240) du matériau composite (303, 304),
    e. aménagement d'un élément d'antenne (150-153, 155-158, 250-253, 255-258) respectif de la pluralité d'éléments d'antenne sous la forme d'une ouverture dans la couche supérieure (140, 240), l'ouverture étant positionnée à l'intérieur du matériau composite (303, 304) le long de l'au moins une ligne (110, 111, 210, 211), respectivement un moyen de couplage étant prévu entre l'au moins une ligne (110, 111, 210, 211) et l'élément d'antenne (150-153, 155-158, 250-253, 255-258) respectif, lequel moyen de couplage définissant un facteur de couplage respectif qui décrit le couplage électromagnétique entre l'au moins une ligne (110, 111, 210, 211) et l'élément d'antenne (150-153, 155-158, 250-253, 255-258) respectif,
    et le facteur de couplage de l'élément d'antenne (150-153, 155-158, 250-253, 255-258) respectif augmentant à partir du point d'alimentation (101, 102, 201, 202) le long de l'au moins une ligne (110, 111, 210, 211),
    f. réitération de l'étape e. pour tous les éléments d'antenne (150-153, 155-158, 250-253, 255-258) de la pluralité d'éléments d'antenne,
    g. fourniture d'un matériau diélectrique en tant que deuxième strate isolante (122, 222) du matériau composite (303, 304) et liaison à la couche supérieure (140, 240),
    h. disposition de la strate de ligne (115, 215) entre la première strate isolante (121, 221) et la deuxième strate isolante (122, 222) et formation d'un empilement de matériau avec des strates alignées entre elles,
    i. liaison des strates de l'empilement de matériau et formation du matériau composite (303, 304),
    dans lequel les strates, lors de la formation de l'empilement de matériau, sont alignées mutuellement de telle sorte qu'elles forment l'antenne à ondes de fuite (100, 200), et l'empilement de matériau est déplacé en continu dans une direction de production (301),
    dans lequel, avant la formation de l'empilement de matériau, à partir du point d'alimentation (101, 102, 201, 202) respectif, l'ouverture est ménagée à une distance transversale (160-163, 165-168) définie de l'au moins une ligne (110, 111, 210, 211) qui détermine le facteur de couplage, dans un plan transversal à la direction de production (301) au moyen d'un dispositif de coupe (380), dans lequel la couche inférieure (130, 230) présente une première saillie longitudinale (513) et la couche supérieure (140, 240) présente une deuxième saillie longitudinale (514) dans un plan le long de l'au moins une ligne (110, 111, 210, 211), lesquelles saillies longitudinales (513, 514) dépassent de la strate de ligne (115, 215) et/ou de la première strate isolante (121, 221) et/ou de la deuxième strate isolante (121, 221), et un élément adaptateur (550, 560, 570) est inséré entre les saillies longitudinales respectives dans une étape de procédé suivant l'étape i.
  8. Procédé (300, 400) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel le dispositif de coupe (380) ménage l'ouverture par estampage, coupe au laser ou une combinaison de ceux-ci.
  9. Procédé (300, 400) selon l'une des revendications 7 ou 8, dans lequel la liaison s'effectue par stratification, collage, compression ou une combinaison de ceux-ci.
  10. Procédé (300, 400) selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, dans lequel le moyen de couplage respectif pour l'élément d'antenne (150-153, 155-158, 250-253, 255-258) respectif est formé par la distance (260 à 262) entre l'élément d'antenne (150-153, 155-158, 250-253, 255-258) respectif et l'au moins une ligne (110, 111, 210, 211) dans un plan transversal à l'au moins une ligne (110, 111, 210, 211), par quel moyen est déterminé le facteur de couplage.
  11. Procédé (300, 400) selon l'une des revendications 7 à 10, dans lequel la couche inférieure (130, 230) présente une première saillie transversale (413, 415, 423, 433, 443) et/ou la couche supérieure (140, 240) présente une deuxième saillie transversale (414, 416, 424, 434, 444) dans un plan transversal à l'au moins une ligne (110, 111, 210, 211), lesquelles saillies transversales (413, 414, 415, 416, 423, 424, 433, 443, 444) dépassent de la strate de ligne (115, 215) et/ou de la première strate isolante (121, 221) et/ou de la deuxième strate isolante (121, 221), et la première et/ou la deuxième saillie transversale (413, 414, 415, 416, 423, 424, 433, 443, 444) sont reliées respectivement à l'autre couche parmi la couche inférieure (130, 230) et/ou la couche supérieure (140, 240) dans une étape de procédé suivant l'étape i.
  12. Procédé (300, 400) selon l'une des revendications 7 à 11, dans lequel au moins un trou d'interconnexion (600), lequel relie la couche inférieure (130, 230) à la couche supérieure (140, 240), est ménagé dans une étape de procédé suivant l'étape i.
  13. Procédé (400) selon l'une des revendications 7 à 12, dans lequel le moyen de couplage respectif pour l'élément d'antenne (150-153, 155-158, 250-253, 255-258) respectif est formé par une structure de couplage, laquelle détermine le facteur de couplage entre l'au moins une ligne (110, 111, 210, 211) et l'élément d'antenne (150-153, 155-158, 250-253, 255-258) respectif,
    dans lequel un matériau électriquement conducteur est fourni en tant que strate de couplage du matériau composite (303, 304) et est structuré de manière correspondante à l'élément d'antenne (150-153, 155-158, 250-253, 255-258) respectif, et est disposé aligné avec elles entre la première strate isolante (121, 221) et la deuxième strate isolante (122, 222), et toutes les strates disposées alignées entre elles forment l'empilement de matériau avant la mise en oeuvre de l'étape i.
  14. Procédé (300, 400) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel la strate de couplage correspond à la strate de ligne (115, 215).
EP18213890.9A 2018-12-19 2018-12-19 Antenne à ondes de fuite Active EP3671957B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18213890.9A EP3671957B1 (fr) 2018-12-19 2018-12-19 Antenne à ondes de fuite
PCT/EP2019/081649 WO2020126254A1 (fr) 2018-12-19 2019-11-18 Antenne à ondes de fuite

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18213890.9A EP3671957B1 (fr) 2018-12-19 2018-12-19 Antenne à ondes de fuite

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EP3671957A1 EP3671957A1 (fr) 2020-06-24
EP3671957B1 true EP3671957B1 (fr) 2023-08-23

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Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2914766A (en) * 1955-06-06 1959-11-24 Sanders Associates Inc Three conductor planar antenna
US3524189A (en) * 1966-11-09 1970-08-11 Us Army Slotted waveguide antenna array providing dual frequency operation
GB1247546A (en) * 1968-12-19 1971-09-22 Decca Ltd Microwave antennas
US4728962A (en) * 1984-10-12 1988-03-01 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Microwave plane antenna
JPS63260302A (ja) * 1987-04-17 1988-10-27 Hitachi Cable Ltd 放射形電波漏洩ケ−ブル
DE19958750B4 (de) 1999-12-07 2006-08-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Leckwellenantenne
JP4742154B2 (ja) * 2009-02-05 2011-08-10 株式会社フジクラ 漏洩ケーブル
JP5450481B2 (ja) * 2010-03-17 2014-03-26 株式会社豊田中央研究所 アンテナ
US10651526B2 (en) * 2016-08-16 2020-05-12 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Flexible flat cable comprising stacked insulating layers covered by a conductive outer skin and method for manufacturing

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EP3671957A1 (fr) 2020-06-24

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