EP3650305A1 - Bogie and railway vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

Bogie (10) for a railway vehicle comprising: - a bogie chassis (12); - at least one pair of wheels (18) movable in rotation relative to the chassis (12, 112), and- at least one secondary suspension ( 22) configured to connect the bogie (10) to a vehicle body, the chassis (12) comprising at least a first spar (30A) extending substantially in a longitudinal direction, at least a second spar (30B) extending substantially parallel to the first spar (30A), at least a first crosspiece (42A) and at least a second crosspiece (42B) each extending in a transverse direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.The height of at least a portion of the secondary suspension (22) is less than or equal to a minimum height of the chassis (12) in an elevation direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and to the transverse direction.

Description

The present invention relates to a bogie of the bogie type for a railway vehicle comprising a bogie chassis, at least one pair of wheels movable in rotation relative to the chassis and at least one secondary suspension configured to connect the bogie to a vehicle body. The chassis comprises at least a first spar extending substantially in a longitudinal direction, at least a second spar extending substantially parallel to the first spar, at least a first cross member and at least a second cross member each extending in a transverse direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The first and second sleepers connect the first and second side members respectively. The invention also relates to a railway vehicle comprising such a bogie.

In a rail vehicle, and in particular in a rail vehicle intended for intra-urban transport such as for example trams, it is desirable to increase the space available for the passengers of the rail vehicle in front of the bogie in order to optimize the capacity of the railway vehicle.

In addition, it is desirable to have a lowered floor, that is to say a floor extending fairly close to the ground. Such a lowered floor in fact facilitates access to the vehicle from the outside, in particular for people with reduced mobility, such as disabled people, travelers using a stroller, etc.

However, some elements of the bogie have a large size. To provide the space necessary for these elements below the floor, the floor surface comprises for example raised parts above the bogies, for example connected to lowered parts of the floor between the bogies by one or more steps.

However, the presence of steps complicates traffic inside the rail vehicle, especially for people with reduced mobility.

It is therefore desirable to provide a bogie and a railway vehicle having a better configuration of the bogie elements, in particular making it possible to maintain a lowered floor over the entire surface of the floor.

Thus, the subject of the invention is a bogie of the aforementioned type, in which the height of at least part of the secondary suspension is less than or equal to a minimum height of the chassis in an elevation direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. and to the transverse direction.

Such a bogie makes it possible to have a railway vehicle comprising an integral lowered floor, in particular above the bogie, while maintaining space on the track reduced to a minimum.

• les premier et deuxième longerons et les première et deuxième traverses délimitent entre eux un espace central du bogie ;
• chaque suspension secondaire est disposée à l'extérieur ou à l'intérieur de l'espace central selon la direction transversale ;
• la suspension secondaire comprend au moins une paire de ressorts ;
• le bogie comprend en outre au moins un dispositif de support comportant une surface de support supportant la suspension secondaire ;
• la hauteur du dispositif de support par rapport au châssis est adaptable selon la direction d'élévation ;
• le dispositif de support comprend un matériau présentant une dureté de matériau plus élevée que celle d'un matériau du châssis ;
• le dispositif de support comprend une surface inférieure s'étendant à une distance inférieure ou égale à 75 mm par rapport à un rail sur lequel le bogie est destiné à circuler ;
• le dispositif de support est relié au châssis par l'intermédiaire d'au moins dispositif amortisseur ;

According to particular embodiments of the invention, the bogie has one or more of the following characteristics, taken independently or according to any technically feasible combination:

• the first and second longitudinal members and the first and second crossbeams define between them a central space of the bogie;
• each secondary suspension is arranged outside or inside the central space in the transverse direction;
• the secondary suspension comprises at least one pair of springs;
• the bogie further comprises at least one support device comprising a support surface supporting the secondary suspension;
• the height of the support device relative to the chassis is adaptable according to the direction of elevation;
• the support device comprises a material having a material hardness higher than that of a material of the frame;
• the support device comprises a lower surface extending at a distance less than or equal to 75 mm relative to a rail on which the bogie is intended to run;
• the support device is connected to the chassis via at least one damping device;

The invention also relates to a railway vehicle comprising at least one bogie as described above, and at least one vehicle body, the secondary suspension extending between the bogie and the vehicle body.

• la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un bogie selon un premier mode de réalisation,
• la figure 2 est une vue en perspective d'un bogie selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, et
• la figure 3 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une partie du bogie de la figure 1 ou de la figure 2 selon un plan III-III.

The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given by way of example and made with reference to the appended drawings, among which:

• the figure 1 is a perspective view of a bogie according to a first embodiment,
• the figure 2 is a perspective view of a bogie according to a second embodiment, and
• the figure 3 is a longitudinal section view of part of the bogie of the figure 1 or from figure 2 according to a plan III-III.

In what follows, a longitudinal direction XX 'is defined corresponding to the direction of travel of the rail vehicle, a transverse direction YY' orthogonal to the longitudinal direction X-X ', extending in a horizontal plane when the vehicle railway runs on a horizontal plane, and an elevation direction ZZ 'substantially orthogonal to the transverse direction YY' and to the longitudinal direction X-X '.

It is also defined a gauge of the rail vehicle delimiting the perimeter in which the rail vehicle can extend in the transverse direction YY 'and in the elevation direction ZZ. The template G of the lower parts (visible in particular on the figure 3 ) defining the lower perimeter in which the railway vehicle, in particular the bogie 10, can extend.

The figure 1 shows a bogie 10 according to a first embodiment, intended to equip a railway vehicle (not shown).

The bogie 10 is particularly adapted to be installed on a railway vehicle with a fully lowered floor. By this, it is meant that the rail vehicle comprises at least one car, comprising a vehicle body defining a floor 11 (in particular visible on the figure 3 ), and that the floor 11 extends substantially at a constant height, measured in the direction of elevation Z-Z ', including in line with the bogie 10. When the rail vehicle comprises several cars, the floors of these cars s 'extend for example all at the same constant height. Thus, the rail vehicle can include a large number of seats, in particular seats located in line with the bogie 10, in particular at least twelve seats on the same floor in line with the bogie 10, thanks to the fully lowered floor 11. In addition, with a lowered floor, it is not necessary to provide steps inside the rail vehicle, which facilitates the movement of passengers. The floor 11 is positioned at a height H relative to the rails R (as shown in particular on the figure 3 ) on which the bogie 10 is intended to circulate. The height H is for example substantially between 350 mm and 380 mm.

The bogie 10 includes a bogie frame 12, primary suspensions 14, two end cross members 16A, 16B, two pairs of wheels each comprising two wheels 18, movable in rotation relative to the end cross members 16A, 16B, suspensions secondary 22 and, in the case of a motorized bogie, a first and a second motor 20A, 20B. More particularly, the wheels 18 are movable in rotation relative to the chassis 12 in particular by means of the end cross members 16A, 16B.

The chassis 12 comprises at least a first spar 30A extending substantially in the longitudinal direction XX ', at least a second spar 30B extending substantially parallel to the first spar 30A, at least a first crosspiece 42A and at least a second crosspiece 42B each extending in a transverse direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the first and second sleepers 42A, 42B respectively connecting the first and second beams 30A, 30B to each other.

The chassis 12 is connected to the end cross members 16A, 16B via the primary suspensions 14 and to the vehicle body (not shown) by secondary suspensions 22. The secondary suspensions 22 extend in particular between the bogie 10 and the vehicle body.

The primary suspensions 14 are known per se, and include for example springs and / or shock absorbers. For example, two primary suspensions 14 respectively connect one end of an end cross member 16A, 16B to the chassis 12. The primary suspensions 14 are thus adapted to allow a travel of the wheels 18 and of the end cross members 16A, 16B with respect to to chassis 12 in the direction of elevation Z-Z '.

The end crosspieces 16A, 16B are beams, for example metallic, of elongated shape extending in a direction of elongation in the transverse direction Y-Y '. Each end crosspiece 16A, 16B connects two wheels 18 of a pair of wheels respectively.

Each wheel 18 is mounted movable in rotation relative to the chassis 12.

The first motor 20A is arranged, in the longitudinal direction X-X ', between two wheels 18 on a first lateral side of the bogie 10, and the second motor 20B is arranged, in the longitudinal direction X-X', between two wheels 18 on a second lateral side opposite the first side in the transverse direction Y-Y '. Each motor 20A, 20B is an electric motor known per se.

The first motor 20A is configured to drive the wheels 18 arranged on the first lateral side, for example by means of transmission boxes 21 each connected to a respective wheel 18. The second motor 20B is configured to drive the wheels 18 arranged on the second lateral side, for example by means of corresponding transmission boxes 21. In particular, each motor 20A, 20B is configured to drive two wheels 18. The bogie 10 is also called bogie with side transmission of the bogie 10 (or "per side drive" in English).

In the example of the figure 1 , the chassis 12, also called a frame, comprises the first spar 30A extending in the longitudinal direction XX ′, the second spar 30B extending substantially parallel to the first spar 30A and spaced from the latter in the transverse direction.

The longitudinal members 30A, 30B are for example metal beams of elongated shape, each extending in a corresponding direction of elongation.

Each beam 30A, 30B comprises, in the direction of elongation, a first end part 32A, 32B, a first inclined section 34A, 34B, a central part 36A, 36B, a second inclined section 38A, 38B and a second part end 40A, 40B.

The first and second end portions 32A, 32B, 40A, 40B extend in the direction of elongation in the longitudinal direction XX 'substantially at the same height. The central part 36A, 36B is lowered relative to the end parts 32A, 32B, 40A, 40B, that is to say that it extends to a height less than the height of the end parts. The central part 36A, 36B extends in the direction of elongation in the longitudinal direction XX '. The first and second inclined sections 34A, 34B, 38A, 38B join the central part 36A, 36B respectively to the first end part 32A, 32B and to the second end part 40A, 40B.

According to one embodiment, each first and second inclined section 34A, 34B, 38A, 38B has a curved shape. For example, each first and second inclined section 34A, 34B, 38A, 38B forms an "S" in the direction of elongation in a plane formed by the longitudinal direction XX 'and the direction of elevation Z-Z', l ' one of the ends of the S being linked to an end part 32A, 32B, 40A, 40B and the other end of the S being linked to the central part 36A, 36B.

The bogie 10 further comprises, according to the example of the figure 1 , the first crosspiece 42A extending in a direction of elongation in the transverse direction YY 'and the second crosspiece 42B extend in the direction of elongation substantially parallel to the first crosspiece 42A.

The first and second crosspiece 42A, 42B respectively connect the first and second beams 30A, 30B to each other. In particular, the first crosspiece 42A connects the first inclined section 34A with the first inclined section 34B corresponding to the second beam 30B and the second crosspiece 42B connects the second inclined section 38A with the second inclined section 38B corresponding to the second beam 30B.

The longitudinal members 30A, 30B and the cross members 42A, 42B have for example rectangular sections in a plane orthogonal to their direction of elongation.

Alternatively, the side members 30A, 30B and the cross members 42A, 42B have an I-shaped section in a plane orthogonal to their direction of elongation. By this, it is meant that their section in this plane has a shape comprising a main section extending in the direction of elevation ZZ 'and two transverse sections connected to the ends of the main section in their respective mediums, the transverse sections being orthogonal to the main stretch. Such a shape of the cross-section of cross members 42A, 42B and longitudinal members 30A, 30B gives them a lower flexural strength, which increases the flexibility of the chassis 12.

According to other variants, the cross members 42A, 42B and the side members 30A, 30B have an L-shaped, T-shaped, Z-shaped section or another shape giving them a suitable flexural strength.

The first and second longitudinal members 30A, 30B and the first and second cross members 42A, 42B define between them a central space 44 of the bogie 10. The central space 44 has a substantially rectangular section in a plane substantially orthogonal to the direction of elevation Z -Z '.

According to the first embodiment shown in the figure 1 , the bogie 10 comprises two secondary suspensions 22 arranged inside the central space 44.

Each secondary suspension 22 is configured to connect the bogie 10 to the vehicle body. In particular, the height of at least part of the secondary suspension 22 is less than or equal to the minimum height of the chassis 12 in the direction of elevation Z-Z '. For example, as visible especially on the figure 3 , the height with respect to the rails R of the secondary suspension 22 is substantially equal to the height of the chassis 12.

Each secondary suspension 22 comprises, according to the example of the figure 1 , a pair of springs 45. Each spring 45 comprises for example a helical spring. In addition, each secondary suspension 22 comprises, for each spring 45, an additional spring 48 disposed in an interior space defined by the spring 45.

According to a variant, each secondary suspension 22 comprises at least one jack.

The bogie 10 further comprises for example two support devices 46 configured to support the secondary suspensions 22.

Each support device 46 comprises for example a material having a material hardness higher than that of a material of the chassis 12. By “material hardness”, it is understood for example the Rockwell hardness of the material.

Each support device 46 has for example a form of bathtub or cradle. Each support device 46 comprises a support surface 50, a lower surface 51 (visible in particular on the figure 3 ) and vertical walls 52, connected by the support surface 50 at one of their ends, their other end defining an opening from above. The support device 46 may optionally include a lateral opening in the transverse direction Y-Y '. The support surface 50 is configured to support the secondary suspensions 22.

In particular, a lower end of each secondary suspension 22 rests on the support surface 50. Each secondary suspension 22 extends along an axis substantially perpendicular to the support surface 50. As shown in particular on the figure 3 , each secondary suspension 22 extends in the direction of elevation Z-Z '. An upper end of each secondary suspension 22 is connected to the floor 11 of the vehicle body. The body thus rests, by means of the secondary suspensions 22, on the support surface 50.

In order to obtain a lowered floor 11 over the entire floor surface, the support device 46 is particularly close to the rails R. Because of the possible vertical movements of the bogie 10 relative to the rails R, the lower surface 51 must extend substantially parallel to the rails R, in order to avoid interfering with the template G. For example, the lower surface 51 is a machined surface. This makes it possible to obtain a defined space between the lower surface 51 and the rails R.

For example, the support surface 50 is also a machined surface. This minimizes the thickness of the support device 46 in the direction of elevation Z-Z ', while ensuring sufficient rigidity of the support device 46 to support the weight of the vehicle body.

Having machined surfaces thus makes it possible to reduce the height of the secondary suspension 22 with respect to the rail R. For example, this makes it possible to reduce the height of the secondary suspension 22 with respect to the rail R by 5 mm. In other words, thanks to the machined surfaces, the support device 46 is very close to the gauge G of the lower parts. For example, the support device 46 is arranged at a height of 10 mm relative to the template G.

Each support device 46 further comprises two support ends 54 configured to connect the support device 46 to the first and second sleepers 42A, 42B by means of a plurality of damping devices 56. In particular, each support end 54 is configured to rest on an upper surface of the first or second crosspiece 42A, 42B, by means of the damping devices 56.

Each damping device 56 is configured to attenuate a transmission of vibrations from the chassis 12 to the secondary suspensions 22 and thus to the body. Each damping device 56 comprises for example an elastic element, such as a rubber stud.

For example, the support device 46 is connected to the chassis 12 by four shock absorbing devices 56. Each shock absorbing device 56 is for example fixed by minus a screw 58 (visible in particular on the figure 3 ) to the chassis 12, and in particular to the first or second crosspiece 42A, 42B.

The fact of having damping devices 56 between the support device 46 and the chassis 12 makes it possible to reduce the height of the secondary suspension 22 relative to the rail R. For example, damping means placed, in the direction of elevation, at -above or below the springs 45 are not necessary, vibrations of the chassis 12 being attenuated by the damping devices 56 which extend on either side of the secondary suspension and therefore do not add to the size of the bogie according to the direction of elevation.

According to a variant, the support device 46 is connected to the chassis 12 by means of at least one elastic articulation (not shown).

A second embodiment of the bogie 110 is shown in the figure 2 . In this second embodiment, the corresponding elements of the first embodiment are not described again. The corresponding elements include the same references as in the first embodiment, increased by 100. For example, the bogie 10 of the first embodiment is referenced as bogie 110 in the second embodiment.

According to the second embodiment, the bogie 110 comprises four motors 120A, 120B, 120C and 120D. Each motor 120A, 120B, 120C and 120D is connected to a corresponding wheel 118 and configured to drive this wheel 118.

The secondary suspensions 122 are positioned outside the central space 144 in the transverse direction Y-Y '. For example, the first secondary suspension 122 is positioned between two wheels 118 on a first lateral side of the bogie 110, and the second secondary suspension 122 is positioned between two wheels 118 on a second lateral side of the bogie 110 opposite the first side.

According to the second embodiment, the first and second crosspieces 142A, 142B comprise elongated ends 147 protruding from the side members 130A, 130B in the transverse direction Y-Y '. Each elongated end 147 is configured to support a support device 146.

According to an example, each elongated end 147 comprises a separate structure from the corresponding cross-member 142A, 142B, the separate structure being connected to the corresponding cross-member 142A, 142B.

On the figure 3 , for reasons of visibility, only references of the first embodiment are shown. It will be noted that the corresponding references of the second embodiment are also applicable to the figure 3 .

The floor 11 of the rail vehicle is positioned at a height H with respect to the rail R. The height H is composed, according to the direction of elevation Z-Z ', of the sum of a first height H1, of a second height H2, a third height H3 and a fourth height H4. The first height H1 is the distance between the rail R and the lower surface 51 of the support device 46. The second height H2 is the thickness of the support device 46 in the direction of elevation Z-Z '. In other words, the second height H2 is the distance in the direction of elevation ZZ 'between the support surface 50 and the lower surface 51. The third height H3 is the height of the secondary suspension 22. The fourth height H4 is the thickness of the floor 11 in the direction of elevation Z-Z '.

The height H is for example between 350 mm and 380 mm, see about 420 mm via a slight slope from a central corridor, located between 350 and 380 mm above the rail.

• H1 = 75 mm ;
• H2 = 25 mm ;
• H3 = 230 mm, et
• H4 = 50 mm.

For example, depending on the construction requirements of the support device 46, the secondary suspensions 22 and the floor 11, the heights are chosen as follows:

• H1 = 75 mm;
• H2 = 25 mm;
• H3 = 230 mm, and
• H4 = 50 mm.

For example, the lower surface 51 of the support device 46 thus extends at a distance less than or equal to 75 mm relative to the rail R. In addition, the lower surface 51 has a distance D from the upper part of the gauge G of the lower parts substantially equal to 15 mm, the gauge usually located 60 mm from the rail (height H0).

As seen especially on the figure 3 , the height of at least a part of each secondary suspension 22 is thus less than or equal to a minimum height of the chassis 12 in the direction of elevation Z-Z '. If E is the distance which separates the lower part of the bogie chassis 12 from the gauge G, with E generally equal to 55 mm, then the minimum height of the chassis 12 relative to the rail R is for example substantially equal to H0 + E = 115 mm. In particular, the height of at least part of each secondary suspension 22 is thus less than or equal to the minimum height of the first and second crosspieces 42A, 42B in the direction of elevation Z-Z '. In addition, the height of at least part of each secondary suspension 22 is less than or equal to the minimum height of the first and second side members 30A, 30B.

In particular, the minimum height of the chassis 12 is a minimum height of the chassis relative to the rail R on which the bogie 10 is intended to run.

For example, when the wheels 18 wear, the height H0 + E of the chassis 12 relative to the rails R is reduced. Because the support device 46 is connected to the chassis 12, the height H1 of the support device 46 is also reduced.

In particular, the support device 46 and the chassis 12 are two separate parts. The support device 46 extends in particular to a height less than that of the chassis 12.

The height of the support device 46 relative to the chassis 12 is adaptable according to the direction of elevation Z-Z ', for example depending on the wear of the wheels 18. For example, the bogie 10 is adapted to receive one or more adjustment pieces between the support ends 54 and the crossbeams 42A, 42B to keep the height H1 constant although the height of the chassis 12 is reduced. For example, by adding an adjustment piece, the height of the support device 46 relative to the rail R is maintained. The adjustment piece is for example a wedge or an additional elastic cushion forming a damping device as described above.

The secondary suspensions 22 resting on the support device 46, the height of the secondary suspensions 22 is thus adjustable independently of the height of the chassis 12.

For example, during wear of the wheels 18, the height of the chassis 12 relative to the rails R is reduced. To maintain a necessary height of the support device 46 relative to the rails R, the height of the support device 46 is thus increased.

The fact that the height of the support device 46 is adaptable makes it possible to prevent, during wear of the wheels 18, that the support device 46 extends under the lower part of the gauge of the rail vehicle and can thus interfere with the gauge G of the lower parts or with elements extending over the tracks on which the rail vehicle travels.

At the same time, the fact of positioning each secondary suspension 22 at a height less than or equal to a minimum height of the first and second longitudinal members 30A, 30B makes it possible to lower the floor 11. For example, the bogie 10, 110 makes it possible to have the at least twelve seats to the right of the bogie 10, 110 on the same floor, and to obtain a box comprising a lowered floor, extending substantially at the same level over the entire floor.

The bogies described above are motorized bogies. It is understood, however, that the invention can also be applied to bogies without motors.

Claims (10)

Bogie (10, 110) for a rail vehicle comprising: - a bogie chassis (12, 112); - at least one pair of wheels (18, 118) movable in rotation relative to the chassis (12, 112), and - at least one secondary suspension (22, 122) configured to connect the bogie (10, 110) to a vehicle body, the chassis (12, 112) comprising at least a first spar (30A, 130A) extending substantially in a longitudinal direction, at least a second spar (30B, 130B) extending substantially parallel to the first spar (30A, 130A) , at least a first cross (42A, 142A) and at least a second cross (42B, 142B) each extending in a transverse direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the first and second cross (42A, 42B, 142A, 142B ) connecting the first and second beams (30A, 30B, 130A, 130B) respectively,
characterized in that the height of at least part of the secondary suspension (22, 122) is less than or equal to a minimum height of the chassis (12, 112) in an elevation direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and at the transverse direction. Bogie (10, 110) according to claim 1, in which the first and second beams (30A, 30B, 130A, 130B) and the first and second sleepers (42A, 42B, 142A, 142B) delimit between them a central space (44 , 144) of the bogie (10, 110). Bogie (10, 110) according to claim 2, wherein each secondary suspension (22, 122) is arranged outside or inside the central space (44, 144) in the transverse direction. Bogie (10, 110) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the secondary suspension (22, 122) comprises at least one pair of springs (45, 145). Bogie (10, 110) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the bogie (10, 110) further comprises at least one support device (46, 146) having a support surface (50) supporting the secondary suspension (22, 122). Bogie (10, 110) according to claim 5, wherein the height of the support device (46, 146) relative to the chassis (12, 112) is adaptable according to the direction of elevation. Bogie (10, 110) according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the support device (46, 146) comprises a material having a material hardness higher than that of a material of the frame (12, 112). Bogie (10, 110) according to any one of claims 5 to 7, in which the support device (46) comprises a lower surface (51) extending at a distance (H1) less than or equal to 75 mm relative to to a rail (R) on which the bogie (10, 110) is intended to circulate. Bogie (10, 110) according to any one of claims 5 to 8, in which the support device (46, 146) is connected to the chassis (12, 112) by means of at least damping device (56) . Railway vehicle comprising at least one bogie (10, 110) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and at least one vehicle body, the secondary suspension (22, 122) extending between the bogie (10, 110) and the vehicle body.

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