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EP3629104A1 - Uhrwerksanordnung, die einen mechanischen oszillator umfasst, der mit einer elektronischen vorrichtung zur regulierung seiner mittleren frequenz verbunden ist - Google Patents

Uhrwerksanordnung, die einen mechanischen oszillator umfasst, der mit einer elektronischen vorrichtung zur regulierung seiner mittleren frequenz verbunden ist Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3629104A1
EP3629104A1 EP19193740.8A EP19193740A EP3629104A1 EP 3629104 A1 EP3629104 A1 EP 3629104A1 EP 19193740 A EP19193740 A EP 19193740A EP 3629104 A1 EP3629104 A1 EP 3629104A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
braking
frequency
mechanical
pulses
mechanical resonator
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP19193740.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3629104B1 (de
Inventor
Lionel TOMBEZ
Matthias Imboden
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Publication of EP3629104A1 publication Critical patent/EP3629104A1/de
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/063—Balance construction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C11/00—Synchronisation of independently-driven clocks
    • G04C11/08—Synchronisation of independently-driven clocks using an electro-magnet or-motor for oscillation correction
    • G04C11/081—Synchronisation of independently-driven clocks using an electro-magnet or-motor for oscillation correction using an electro-magnet
    • G04C11/084—Synchronisation of independently-driven clocks using an electro-magnet or-motor for oscillation correction using an electro-magnet acting on the balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/042—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using mechanical coupling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/047—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using other coupling means, e.g. electrostrictive, magnetostrictive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/06—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C10/00—Arrangements of electric power supplies in time pieces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a timepiece comprising a mechanical oscillator whose average frequency is synchronized with a set frequency determined by an auxiliary electronic oscillator.
  • the timepiece includes a regulating device capable of correcting any time drift in the operation of the mechanical oscillator, which cadences the march of the mechanical movement which incorporates it.
  • the timepiece disclosed in the document CH 713306 A2 comprises a mechanical movement, provided with a mechanical oscillator, and an electromagnetic system formed by at least one magnet mounted on the balance of a mechanical oscillator and a coil carried by a support of the balance.
  • the electromagnetic system is part of a regulating device designed to regulate the average frequency of the mechanical oscillator in the case where this oscillator has a positive time drift relative to an auxiliary oscillator, for example a quartz oscillator, as in the case where it has a negative time drift.
  • this document proposes a solution in which the time drift is measured and the movement of oscillation of the resonator is observed so that the regulating device can selectively apply to it one or more braking pulses, respectively via one or more short-circuits of the coil, in one or more respective first half-cycles (located before the passage of the resonator by its neutral position) when the measured temporal drift corresponds to at least a certain advance and in one or more respective second half-cycles (located after the resonator has passed through its neutral position) when the temporal drift corresponds to at least one some delay.
  • the electronic circuit of the regulating device includes a time counter or a timer making it possible to determine, on the basis of detections of pulses of induced voltage in the coil, whether an induced voltage pulse occurs in a first half-wave or in a second half-wave so as to be able to selectively apply the braking pulses as indicated above.
  • the regulation process implemented in this document although remarkable, requires a relatively complex electronic circuit which therefore consumes a certain electrical energy which is taken from the mechanical oscillator, which tends to reduce its amplitude of oscillation and therefore the duration of normal operation for a certain mechanical energy stored in a barrel of mechanical movement.
  • the timepiece disclosed in the document EP 3339982 A1 is remarkable for the system provided for generating mechanical braking pulses applied to the balance of the mechanical oscillator.
  • the regulation process is similar to that of the previous document.
  • a logic control circuit determines with the aid of a time counter the instants at which the braking pulses must be triggered for that they intervene selectively before or after the passage of the mechanical resonator through its neutral position in corresponding half-waves, that is to say to apply the mechanical braking pulses either in the first half-waves, or in the second two half-waves. In this case too, a relatively complex electronic circuit is necessary.
  • the main object of the present invention is to simplify the electronic circuit of the device for regulating the average frequency of a mechanical oscillator, by providing an alternative to the regulating devices of the prior art, described in the technological background, which is easy to implement in a timepiece.
  • the invention relates to a timepiece as defined above in the field of the invention and which is characterized in that the regulation circuit comprises a device generating at least one frequency which is arranged to so as to be able to generate a periodic digital signal at a frequency F SUP ; and by the fact that the regulation circuit is arranged to be able to supply, when it determines a time drift corresponding to at least a certain delay in the running of the timepiece, momentarily to the braking device a first control signal for activate this braking device so that the braking device generates, during a first correction period, a series of periodic braking pulses which are applied to the mechanical resonator at the frequency F SUP .
  • This frequency F SUP and the duration of the first correction period are provided and the braking device is arranged so that the series of periodic braking pulses at the frequency F SUP can generate, during the first correction period, a synchronous phase in which the mechanical oscillator is synchronized with a correction frequency which is greater than a reference frequency F0c provided for the mechanical oscillator.
  • the regulation circuit determines a time drift corresponding to at least a certain advance in the running of the timepiece.
  • the regulation circuit is arranged to be able, after having detected said at least a certain advance, to stop the mechanical oscillator and then momentarily block the mechanical resonator so as to at least partially correct said at least one some advance detected.
  • said device generating at least one frequency is a frequency generating device arranged so as to be able in addition to generate a periodic digital signal at a frequency F INF and the regulation circuit is arranged to be able to supply , when it determines a time drift corresponding to at least a certain advance in the running of the timepiece, momentarily at the braking device a second control signal to activate this braking device so that the braking device generates, during a second correction period, a series of periodic braking pulses which are applied to the mechanical resonator at the frequency F INF .
  • This frequency F INF and the duration of the second correction period are provided and the braking device is arranged so that the series of periodic braking pulses at the frequency F INF can generate, during the second correction period, a phase synchronous in which the mechanical oscillator is synchronized to a correction frequency which is lower than the set frequency F0c.
  • the braking pulses have a duration T P of less than a quarter of a setpoint period T0c, ie T P ⁇ T0c / 4, T0c being by definition the inverse of the setpoint frequency F0c.
  • the positive integer K is greater than two and less than ten, ie 2 ⁇ K ⁇ 10, and the number N is less than the number M divided by one hundred (N ⁇ M / 100).
  • the duration of the synchronous phase is provided for much greater than a maximum duration of a transient phase generally occurring at the start of the correction periods before the synchronous phase.
  • this timepiece Apart from the arrangement of the regulation circuit and the operating mode of this control circuit, which implements a regulation method according to the present invention, this timepiece essentially corresponds to the first embodiment of the timepiece. described in the document EP 3,339,982 using figures 1 and 2 of this document, so that reference will be made to the teaching of this document and that all the variant embodiments will not be described here.
  • the timepiece 2 comprises a mechanical watch movement 4 which incorporates a mechanism 6 arranged to indicate at least one time datum, a mechanical resonator 14, formed by a balance 16 pivotally mounted on the plate 5 and a hairspring 18, and a device maintenance of the mechanical resonator forming with this mechanical resonator a mechanical oscillator which sets the pace of the mechanism indicating a time datum.
  • the maintenance device comprises an exhaust 12, formed by an anchor and an escape wheel which is kinematically connected to the barrel 8 via the gear train 10.
  • the mechanical resonator is capable of oscillating along an axis d oscillation, here a circular geometric axis, around a neutral position corresponding to a state of minimum mechanical potential energy. Each oscillation of the mechanical resonator defines an oscillation period and two half-waves.
  • the timepiece 2 further comprises a device for regulating the average frequency of the mechanical oscillator, this regulation device 20 comprising an electronic regulation circuit 22 which is associated with a reference time base constituted by an auxiliary oscillator 36
  • This auxiliary oscillator is formed by a quartz resonator 23 and a clock circuit 38 which maintains the quartz resonator and receives from the latter a reference frequency signal which this clock circuit supplies as an output. in the form of a digital periodic reference signal S Q.
  • auxiliary oscillators can be provided, in particular an oscillator integrated entirely in the regulation circuit. By definition, the auxiliary oscillator is more precise than the mechanical oscillator.
  • the regulating device 20 also includes a sensor 24 for detecting at least one angular position of the pendulum when it oscillates, making it possible to detect, for a useful operating range of the mechanical oscillator, a number of alternations or periods in l oscillation of the mechanical resonator.
  • the regulation device also comprises a mechanical braking device 26 arranged to be able to apply momentarily a braking force to the mechanical resonator 14, in particular mechanical braking pulses to its balance wheel.
  • the timepiece assembly includes an energy source 32 associated with a device 34 for storing the electrical energy generated by the energy source.
  • the energy source is for example formed by a photovoltaic cell or by a thermoelectric element, these examples being in no way limiting. In the case of a battery, the energy source and the storage device together form a single electrical component.
  • the regulating device 20 also comprises a measuring device arranged to measure, on the basis of position signals supplied by the sensor, a time drift D T of the mechanical oscillator relative to the auxiliary oscillator (base of reference time 36). It is understood that such a measurement is easy as soon as there is a sensor capable of detecting the passage of the mechanical resonator through a certain angular position, in particular through its neutral position. Such an event takes place in all the half-waves (half-periods of oscillation) of the mechanical oscillator.
  • the measurement circuit will be described in more detail below.
  • the sensor 24 is arranged to be able to detect the passage of at least one reference point of the balance 16 through a certain given angular position relative to a support of this mechanical resonator.
  • the sensor is arranged to detect the passage of the mechanical resonator through its neutral position.
  • the sensor can be associated with the anchor of the escapement so as to detect the tilting of this anchor during the oscillation maintenance pulses which are provided substantially when the mechanical resonator passes through its neutral position.
  • the senor 24 is an optical sensor, of the photoelectric type, which comprises a light source, arranged so as to be able to send a beam of light towards the pendulum, and a light detector, arranged to receive in return. a light signal whose intensity varies periodically depending on the position of the pendulum.
  • the beam is sent to the lateral surface 15 of the serge 17, this surface having a limited area with a reflectivity different from the two neighboring areas, so that the sensor can detect the passage of this limited area and provide the device with regulates a position signal when this event occurs.
  • the circular surface having a variable reflection for the light beam can be located at other places on the pendulum.
  • the variation can in a particular case be produced by a hole in the reflecting surface.
  • the sensor can also detect the passage of a certain part of the balance, for example an arm, the neutral position corresponding for example in the middle of a signal reflected by this arm. It is therefore understood that the modulation of the light signal makes it possible to detect in various ways at least one angular position of the pendulum, by a negative or positive variation of the light received.
  • the position sensor can be of the capacitive type or of the inductive type and thus be arranged so as to be able to detect a variation in capacity, respectively of inductance as a function of the position of the balance.
  • the sensor comprises means for converting the analog light signal into a digital signal S C.
  • It can also include a rocker which allows to halve the frequency of the light signal when it intervenes once by alternation, so that the signal Sc corresponds to the oscillation frequency F0 of the mechanical oscillator.
  • a rocker which allows to halve the frequency of the light signal when it intervenes once by alternation, so that the signal Sc corresponds to the oscillation frequency F0 of the mechanical oscillator.
  • the mechanical braking device 26 is arranged to be able to apply to the balance 16 mechanical braking pulses so as to regulate the frequency of the mechanical oscillator when a certain time drift D T of this mechanical oscillator is observed.
  • a braking torque applied to the mechanical resonator by any mechanical braking pulse is provided for less than a blocking torque of the mechanical oscillator and the duration of the braking pulses is provided so as to take a certain maximum energy to the mechanical resonator so that the amplitude of the oscillation remains greater than a given minimum value.
  • the braking torque is expected to be less than the torque exerted by the hairspring at the minimum amplitude provided and the duration of the pulses is such that this minimum amplitude is respected for a predefined minimum force torque which is exerted by the barrel (note that the mechanical oscillator is maintained by the barrel via the exhaust), this in order not to momentarily block the oscillation movement of the mechanical resonator during the braking pulses and to keep the mechanical oscillator within its range useful operation as soon as the barrel exerts a torque greater than the minimum torque provided.
  • a braking torque greater than the torque exerted by the hairspring at the minimum amplitude provided but the duration of the pulses is determined, taking into account the maintenance of the mechanical oscillator, so that this minimum amplitude is maintained for the minimum force torque of the barrel from which it is expected that the timepiece is functional and for any angular position of the mechanical resonator during the application of a braking pulse. Note that the energy taken from the resonator mechanical is maximum when the braking pulse occurs during the passage of this resonator through its neutral position.
  • the mechanical braking device is formed by an actuator 26 which comprises a mechanical braking member 28 arranged to be actuated, in response to a control signal S F supplied by the regulation circuit to the control circuit 30 of this actuator, so as to exert, during the braking pulses, a mechanical braking torque on a braking surface 15 of the pivoting balance 16.
  • the braking surface is circular and defined by the external lateral surface of the clamp 17 of the balance .
  • the mechanical braking member 28 comprises a movable part (defined by the free end of this member) which defines a braking pad arranged so as to be able to exert a certain pressure against the circular braking surface during the application of the braking pulses at the mechanical resonator.
  • the actuator 26 comprises a piezoelectric element supplied by a control circuit 30 which applies an electric activation voltage to it as a function of the control signal S F supplied by the regulation circuit 22.
  • the piezoelectric element When the piezoelectric element is temporarily switched on tension, the braking member comes into contact with a braking surface of the balance wheel to brake it.
  • the blade forming the braking member bends and its end part presses against the circular lateral surface 15 of the clamp 17 of the balance 16.
  • the end part of the blade therefore defines a movable braking shoe.
  • the pivoting balance and the mechanical braking member are arranged so that the braking pulses can be applied mainly by dynamic dry friction between the mechanical braking member and the braking surface 15.
  • a viscous friction can be provided between the braking member and a braking part of the pendulum.
  • the balance comprises a central shaft which defines or which carries a part other than the rim of the balance defining a circular braking surface.
  • a shoe of the braking member is arranged so as to come to exert pressure against this circular braking surface during the application of the mechanical braking pulses.
  • a circular braking surface, for an oscillating member which is pivoted (pendulum), associated with at least one brake shoe, carried by the braking device of the regulation device, constitutes a mechanical braking system which has decisive advantages. Indeed, thanks to such a system, braking pulses can be applied to the mechanical resonator at any time of the oscillations, and this independently of the amplitude of oscillation of the balance. It will also be noted that the pad of the braking member can also have a circular contact surface, of the same radius as the braking surface, but a flat surface has the advantage of leaving a certain margin in the positioning of the braking relative to the balance wheel, which allows greater tolerances for manufacturing and mounting the braking device in the watch movement or at its periphery.
  • the various elements of the regulation device 20 form a module independent of the watch movement.
  • this module can be assembled or associated with the mechanical movement 4 only when they are mounted, in particular in a watch case.
  • such a module can be fixed to a casing circle which surrounds the watch movement. It is understood that the electronic regulation module can therefore be advantageously associated with the watch movement once the latter is fully assembled and adjusted, the assembly and disassembly of this module can intervene without having to intervene on the mechanical movement itself.
  • the regulation circuit 22 is arranged to be able to determine whether a time drift, which is measured by the measuring device on the basis of the signals which it receives from the sensor 24 and from the reference time base 36, corresponds at least a certain advance or at least a certain delay and in order to be able, if this is the case, to generate a control signal which selectively activates the braking device, to generate periodic braking pulses which are applied to the mechanical resonator with a braking frequency which is a function of the measured time drift, so as to at least partially correct this measured time drift.
  • the regulation circuit 22 comprises a frequency generator device arranged so as to be able to generate a first periodic digital signal S FI at a first frequency F INF (first braking frequency) and a second periodic digital signal S FS at a second frequency F SUP (second braking frequency).
  • the first frequency F INF is in a range of values between (M-2) / M, inclusive, and (M-1) / M multiplied by a frequency F Z (N) which is equal to twice d a setpoint frequency F0c, for the mechanical oscillator, divided by a positive integer N, i.e.
  • the positive integer K is greater than two and less than ten, ie 2 ⁇ K ⁇ 10 and the number N is less than the number M divided by one hundred (N ⁇ M / 100).
  • the braking pulses have a duration T P less than half of a setpoint period T0c, ie T P ⁇ T0c / 2, T0c being by definition the inverse of the setpoint frequency F0c for the mechanical oscillator formed by the resonator 14 and the exhaust 12.
  • the braking pulses have a duration T P less than a quarter of the setpoint period T0c, ie T P ⁇ T0c / 4.
  • a flip-flop can be arranged in the regulation circuit 22 upstream of the counter CB so as to divide by two the periodic pulses of the signal S C and supply at the input of the counter CB only one pulse per oscillation period T0.
  • the control circuit 30 of the braking device comprises a supply voltage source V ACT which supplies the braking member to activate it via a switch 50, which is controlled by a periodic signal S P supplied by a built-in timer 48 in the control circuit to manage the duration of the braking pulses.
  • the timer selectively receives, via the control signal S F , the first periodic digital signal S FI and the second periodic digital signal S FS which activate it periodically during a correction period according to a detection of a certain advance or a certain delay in the operation of the mechanical oscillator and therefore in the operation of the timepiece, and this in a repetitive manner during distinct and successive correction periods when a temporal drift persists.
  • the timer 48 makes the switch 50 periodically conductive during each correction period to generate, as the case may be, either a first series of braking pulses 60 or a second series of braking pulses 61 (see Figures 4 and 5 ).
  • the braking surface of the balance wheel 16 is configured so as to allow the braking device to start, within a useful operating range of the mechanical oscillator, a braking pulse from each first series of braking pulses. and a braking pulse from each second series of braking pulses at any angular position of the mechanical resonator 14 between the two extreme angular positions which it can occupy when it oscillates within the useful operating range of the part d watchmaking.
  • the amplitude of oscillation of the balance spring is generally greater than 180 ° (+/- 180 °) in a conventional mechanical movement
  • the aforementioned condition implies, in the variant shown in Figure 1 , that the lateral surface 15 of the balance wheel is circular and substantially continuous over the entire periphery of the balance wheel, so that the movable braking member 28 can bear against the circular lateral surface substantially at all points.
  • the Figure 3 gives the flowchart of a first regulation mode implemented in the regulation circuit 22 of the first embodiment.
  • the counter CB is reset to zero and it begins to recognize any difference between the first number of pulses included in the signal S C received from the sensor 24 and the second number of pulses included in the clock signal S H.
  • the divider DIV1 & DIV2 is arranged so that the clock signal provides a setpoint signal with a number of pulses per unit of time corresponding to the number of pulses provided in the signal Sc per unit of time for correct operation of the timepiece, that is to say without time drift.
  • the Figure 4 in fact only shows a truncated series of braking pulses with a much smaller number of pulses than in reality, so that the time drift D T here corresponds to a fraction ⁇ 1 H of the time drift N1 H. But this makes it possible to clearly explain the operating principle.
  • the natural frequency F0 4,0005 Hz, which corresponds to an advance of approximately ten seconds per day.
  • the braking device When the time drift reaches or exceeds a value ⁇ 1 H , namely in reality a value N1 H , the braking device is actuated via the frequency generator 42 and it begins to periodically apply to the mechanical resonator braking pulses 60 at a frequency F INF defined above (for the sake of clarity of the drawing, all the pulses are shown at the Figure 4 as they occur during a stable / synchronous phase exposed below).
  • F INF frequency
  • the logic circuit 40 waits for the value of the counter CB to become equal to or less than an integer N1 L , which is less than the number N1 H and preferably less in absolute value than N1 H.
  • N1 L is equal to zero so that the fraction ⁇ 1 L of the time drift N1 L given on this Figure 4 is also worth zero.
  • the logic circuit terminates the activation of the generator 42 so that the latter is deactivated , which ends a correction sequence / correction period.
  • the correction periods each last approximately 34 minutes, including the initial transitional phase.
  • the value of the time drift is reduced and is here equal to the whole number N1 L which corresponds to a lower threshold for the time drift, while the whole number N1 H , which generates the triggering of a first series of braking pulses, corresponds to an upper threshold of time drift.
  • the braking device is generally activated less than half the time, or less than 12 hours per day. In the example given here, assuming that the natural frequency F0 remains stable over time, the braking device must be applied for approximately 8 hours per day.
  • the Figure 5 shows in fact only a truncated series of braking pulses with a much smaller number of pulses than in reality, so that the time drift D T here corresponds to a fraction - ⁇ 2 H of the time drift -N2 H .
  • the natural frequency F0 3.9995 Hz, which corresponds approximately to a delay of ten seconds per day.
  • the braking device When the time drift reaches or becomes less than a value - ⁇ 2 H , namely in reality a value -N2 H , the braking device is actuated via the frequency generator 44 and it begins to periodically apply braking pulses to the mechanical resonator 61 at a frequency F SUP defined previously (for the sake of clarity of the drawing, all the pulses are shown at the Figure 5 as they occur during a stable / synchronous phase exposed below).
  • the logic circuit 40 waits for the value of the counter CB to become equal to or greater than an integer N2 L , which is greater than the number N2 H and preferably less in absolute value than N2 H.
  • N2 L is equal to zero, like N1 L , so that the fraction ⁇ 2 L of the time drift N2 L given on this Figure 5 is also worth zero.
  • the logic circuit terminates the activation of the generator 44 so that the latter is deactivated, which ends a correction sequence.
  • the correction sequence is provided in a loop, so that the logic circuit 40 returns then at the start of a next sequence and waits for the detection of a new time drift. Each correction sequence corresponds to a correction period.
  • the absolute value of the time drift is reduced relative to the start of the sequence and is here equal to the integer N2 L which corresponds to a lower threshold for the time drift, while the integer N2 H , which generates the triggering of a second series of braking pulses, corresponds to an upper threshold for time drift (note that the notion of lower threshold and upper threshold is considered in absolute values).
  • the duration of the synchronous phase is provided for much greater than a maximum duration of the transient phase, in particular at least ten times greater.
  • 'electromagnetic braking is understood a braking of the mechanical resonator generated via an electromagnetic interaction between at least one permanent magnet, carried by the mechanical resonator or a support of this mechanical resonator, and at least one coil carried respectively by the support or the resonator mechanical and associated with an electronic circuit in which a current induced in the coil by the permanent magnet can be generated.
  • the electromagnetic braking device is formed by an electromagnetic system which comprises a coil 78 carried by a support 5 of the mechanical resonator 14A and at least one permanent magnet carried by a balance of this mechanical resonator, this electromagnetic system being arranged so that an induced voltage is generated between the two terminals 78A & 78B of the coil in each alternation of the oscillation of the mechanical resonator for a useful operating range of the mechanical oscillator.
  • the regulation device is arranged so as to allow the regulation circuit to temporarily decrease the impedance between the two terminals of the coil, during separate time intervals T P , to generate electromagnetic braking pulses from the mechanical resonator.
  • a short circuit of the coil is made during each separate time interval T P.
  • the electromagnetic system of the electromagnetic braking device comprises a first pair of bipolar magnets 64 & 65 with axial magnetization and opposite polarities. These two bipolar magnets are arranged on the balance 16A symmetrically relative to a half-axis of reference 68 of this pendulum, this reference half-axis defining a zero angular position ('0') when the mechanical resonator is in its neutral position (minimum potential energy state).
  • a polar coordinate system centered on the axis of oscillation of the mechanical resonator 14A and fixed relative to the plate 5 of the watch movement 3.
  • the coil 78 is arranged with an angular offset relative to the angular position zero so that a voltage induced in the coil intervenes substantially, when the mechanical oscillator oscillates in its useful operating range, in each alternation alternately before and after the passage of the mechanical resonator through its neutral position in this alternation.
  • the angular offset of the coil is defined as the minimum angular distance between the zero angular position and the angular position of the center of the coil.
  • the extreme angular positions (amplitudes of oscillation) of the mechanical resonator are provided, in absolute values, substantially equal to or greater than the angular offset of the coil.
  • the angular offset is expected to be substantially equal to 180 °.
  • the electromagnetic system formed by the coil and the first pair of magnets 64 & 65 generates, in each alternation of this mechanical oscillator, two pulses of induced voltage 88 A and 88 B , namely a pulse 88 A in each first half-wave A1 1 , A2 1 and a pulse 88 B in each second half-wave A1 2 , A2 2 .
  • the pulses 88 A and 88 B are separated two by two by time zones without induced voltage in the coil 28. Thanks to the positioning of the coil with an angular offset of 180 °, the two pulses of induced voltage 88 A and 88 B involved in each alternation have a symmetry relatively to the instant of passage of the mechanical resonator 14A through its neutral position.
  • electromagnetic braking pulses are generated by a short circuit of the coil 78 during distinct time intervals T P which are substantially equal to or greater than the time zones without induced voltage in the coil around the two extreme positions of the mechanical resonator for the useful operating range of the mechanical oscillator.
  • T P time intervals
  • the time zones without induced voltage in the coil around the two extreme positions of the mechanical resonator are substantially equal.
  • the regulating device 72 comprises a supply circuit formed by a storage capacity C AL and a rectifier circuit of an induced voltage (signal S B ) in the coil 78 by a second pair of bipolar magnets 66 & 67 carried for this purpose by the pendulum 16A.
  • this supply circuit is represented as a part of the regulation circuit 74. However, it can also be considered as a specific circuit which is associated with the regulation circuit to supply it.
  • the second pair of bipolar magnets 66 & 67 is momentarily coupled to the coil 28 in each alternation of the oscillation of the mechanical resonator and therefore serves essentially for the electrical supply of the regulation device, although it can intervene in a phase initial transient of each correction period which will be described later.
  • the second pair of bipolar magnets has a middle half-axis 69 between its two magnets which is offset from the angular offset of the coil 78 relative to the reference half-axis 68, so that this half-axis 69 is aligned with the center of the coil when the mechanical resonator is in its rest position.
  • the supply circuit is connected, on the one hand, to a terminal of the coil and, on the other hand, to a reference potential (ground) of the regulating device at least periodically when the mechanical resonator passes by its position neutral, but preferably constantly.
  • the second pair of magnets generates pulses of induced voltage 90 A and 90 B when the balance 8B passes through the angular position zero, these pulses having a greater amplitude than the pulses of induced voltage generated by the first pair of magnets 64 & 65 and used to supply the storage capacity, the voltage of which is represented by curve 94 on the Figure 9 .
  • the rectifier is provided here at full alternation, so that each central peak of the pulses 90 A and 90 B recharges the supply capacity.
  • the regulation circuit 74 of an advantageous variant of the second embodiment, which implements a second regulation mode of the invention, is shown in Figure 8 . It receives as input, on the one hand, the periodic reference signal S Q supplied by the clock circuit 38 and, on the other hand, an induced voltage signal S B (curve 86 shown in the Figure 9 ) supplied by the coil 78. On the basis of these two signals, the regulation circuit performs the desired regulation of the running of the timepiece. To do this, it includes a measuring device which includes a divider DIV1 & DIV2 providing a clock signal S H , a bidirectional counter CB with two inputs (of the differential type), and a comparator 52 which receives a voltage of reference U Ref and the induced voltage signal S B.
  • a measuring device which includes a divider DIV1 & DIV2 providing a clock signal S H , a bidirectional counter CB with two inputs (of the differential type), and a comparator 52 which receives a voltage of reference U Ref and the
  • Comparator 52 indicates if the voltage induced in the coil becomes lower than the reference voltage U Ref (which is negative).
  • the value of U Ref is selected here to be, in absolute values, greater than the amplitudes of the induced voltage pulses 88 A and 88 B which are generated by the first pair of magnets 64 & 65 and less than the amplitude central peaks of the 90 A pulses (note that, relative to the amplitudes of the induced voltage pulses 88 A and 88 B , the central peaks have a higher maximum value than shown in FIG. Figure 9 in the case of an angular offset of 180 ° for the coil).
  • the sensor is preferably formed by an electromagnetic system comprising the coil 78 and an additional pair of magnets 66 & 67 relative to the magnetic system of the braking device.
  • the comparator 52 can also be considered as a part of the sensor and not of the measuring device. It will be noted that, in general, an additional pair of magnets is advantageous but not essential, because in another variant the pulses 88 A and 88 B can also be used for the electrical supply of the regulation device and also for the detection of the number of alternations or periods of oscillation of the mechanical resonator.
  • the reference voltage is selected so that, in the useful operating range of the mechanical oscillator, the comparator 52 supplies a first predetermined input of the counter CB with a predetermined number of pulses per oscillation period of the resonator mechanical, and the clock signal S H is provided so that it delivers the same number of pulses per setpoint period T0c (inverse of the setpoint frequency F0c) at a second input of the counter CB.
  • This counter CB as in the first embodiment, provides at output a signal corresponding to its state and which gives a measurement of the time drift D T of the mechanical oscillator relative to the auxiliary oscillator 36.
  • the state of the counter CB is supplied to two comparators 82 and 84.
  • the first comparator 82 performs a comparison of the state of the counter CB with a first integer N1 greater than zero, to determine whether the measured time drift is greater or not to this first number N1, and thus detects if at least a certain advance has occurred in the operation of the mechanical oscillator.
  • the second comparator 84 compares this state with a second negative integer -N2, N2 being greater than zero, to determine whether the measured time drift is less than this second number -N2 or not, and thus detects if at least one some delay occurred in the operation of the mechanical oscillator.
  • the output of the first comparator 82 is supplied to a first frequency generator 42A arranged to generate a first periodic digital signal S FI at the first frequency F INF during a correction period each time this output indicates that the state of the counter CB is greater than the number N1.
  • the first generator 42A of the frequency F INF comprises means arranged to enable it to be activated and then to deactivate it, the signal supplied by the first comparator being supplied to a 'start' input of the first generator to activate it as soon as this first comparator indicates that the state of the counter CB is greater than the number N1.
  • the output of the second comparator 84 is supplied to a second frequency generator 44A arranged to generate a second periodic digital signal S FS at the second frequency F SUP during a correction period each time this output indicates that the state of the counter CB is less than the number -N2.
  • the second generator 44A of the frequency F SUP comprises means arranged to enable it to be activated and then to deactivate it, the signal supplied by the second comparator being supplied to a 'start' input of the second generator to activate it as soon as the second comparator indicates that the state of the counter CB is less than the number -N2.
  • the first and second periodic digital signals S FI and S FS as well as the frequencies F INF and F SUP have already been described in the context of the first embodiment and in the second embodiment have the same characteristics as in this first embodiment, so that these signals and these frequencies will not be described here again.
  • the control signal S F is similar to that described in the first embodiment; it is formed of the signal S FI when the first frequency generator is activated and of the signal S FS when the second frequency generator is activated.
  • the electrical connection point 86 corresponds in practice to an electronic element, for example a logic 'OR' gate, or to an electronic circuit, for example a multiplexer with two or three input positions and a single output (this is so here a switch with two or three inputs). In the case of three input positions, a neutral position is advantageously provided in which the switch is not connected to either of the two frequency generators.
  • the control signal S F is supplied to a timer 48 which outputs the periodic signal S P already described above.
  • the timer For each elementary pulse of the signal S FI or of the signal S FS , corresponding to a period of the respective frequency, the timer generates an activation pulse of the switch 50 which is here a short-circuit switch of the coil 78.
  • a short-circuit pulse is generated during a distinct time interval of duration T P.
  • a counter at N also receives the control signal S F and it counts the number of elementary pulses (number of periods) in this control signal S F since the start of each correction period. It is therefore reset to zero at the start of any correction period, simultaneously with the activation, as the case may be, of the first or second frequency generator.
  • This counter at N stops the frequency generator which was activated in the correction period considered as soon as it counted N elementary pulses (ie N periods) via a 'Stop' input that each of the two frequency generators comprises, N being an integer greater than one (N> 1).
  • the counter at N is then deactivated until the start of a next correction period.
  • the number N is much greater than '1', this number N being for example between 100 and 10,000.
  • N short-circuit pulses of the coil 78 are therefore generated during N respective separate time intervals each having a duration T P.
  • time drift D T absolute time error
  • N the number N which is related to the detected time drift D T.
  • the two frequency differences between the set frequency F0c and respectively the first frequency F INF and the second frequency F SUP are provided with the same value and where the number N1 is equal to the number N2, the number N is chosen so that a detected time drift, negative or positive, is substantially corrected during a correction period which follows its detection. The same result can be obtained with a number N1 different from the number N2 if the two above-mentioned frequency differences are not provided with the same value.
  • the induced voltage pulses 88 A generate, if the short-circuit pulses 84 of the coil 78 occur at least partially during these pulses 88 A , separate electromagnetic braking pulses which generate negative phase shifts in the oscillation of the mechanical resonator 14A, so that they can generate a delay in the running of the timepiece to correct an advance.
  • the induced voltage pulses 88 B generate, if the short circuit pulses 84 of the coil 78 intervene at least partially during these pulses 88 B , separate electromagnetic braking pulses which generate positive phase shifts in the oscillation of the mechanical resonator, so that they can generate advance in the running of the timepiece to correct a delay.
  • an angular offset of 180 ° has the advantage of being very effective in generating the braking pulses by the short-circuit pulses 84, which makes it possible to effectively correct an advance or a delay in the operation of the timepiece.
  • the short-circuit pulses 84 are called between two induced voltage pulses 88 B and 88 A surrounding an extreme angular position of the mechanical resonator and two separate braking pulses occur respectively at the start and at the end of each time interval T P , these two separate braking pulses corresponding to two quantities of energy which are taken from the mechanical resonator during a braking pulse corresponding to a short-circuit pulse and which are variable (the variation of one being opposite to the variation of the other, so that if one of the two amounts of energy increases or decreases the other respectively decreases or increases) as a function of the frequency difference between the natural frequency F0 of the mechanical oscillator and the frequency of correction selected and the braking frequency selected.
  • Two braking pulses are distinct when they are separated by a time zone having a non-zero duration.
  • F0 natural frequency
  • the braking pulses in the second embodiment correspond respectively to the pulses short-circuits which produce them, so that each braking pulse of a first series of braking pulses and of a second series of braking pulses includes all of the separate braking pulses which may occur during the time interval T P of the corresponding short-circuit pulse. It will also be noted that, in the transient phase, if the time intervals Tp are less than time zones with no induced voltage in the coil, it is possible that no braking pulse appears in initial short-circuit pulses.
  • a braking pulse may contain only one distinct braking pulse, which is the case when the time interval T P has a duration shorter than that of the time zones without induced voltage located around extreme angular positions.
  • each braking pulse intervening in the synchronous phase of a correction period has two distinct braking pulses, respectively at the start and at the end of each corresponding short-circuit pulse which is generated during a time interval T P.
  • the Figure 9 corresponds to a situation where the natural oscillation frequency F0 of the mechanical oscillator is slightly lower than the set frequency F0c, so that the timepiece delays in the absence of regulation.
  • a first distinct braking pulse generated in the initial zone of each pulse short-circuit 84 and involved in the second half-wave A1 2 of a first oscillation half-wave A1 (at the start of separate time intervals Tp), is stronger than a second separate braking pulse generated in the area final of each short-circuit pulse and involved in the first half-wave A2 1 of a second half-wave A2 (at the end of the separate time intervals T P ).
  • the first and second pulses of Separate braking is generated respectively by the induced voltage pulses 88 B and 88 A during each short-circuit pulse 84 (respectively at the start and at the end of the separate time intervals T P ).
  • the positive phase shift generated by a voltage pulse 88 B in a half-wave A1 2 is greater than the negative phase shift generated by the voltage pulse 88 A in the next half-wave A2 1 , so that 'A small correction of the detected delay occurs during each short circuit pulse.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
EP19193740.8A 2018-09-27 2019-08-27 Mechanische uhr umfassend eine elektronische vorrichtung zur regulierung der ganggenauigkeit der uhr Active EP3629104B1 (de)

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EP3629103B1 (de) * 2018-09-28 2021-05-12 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Uhr, die ein mechanisches uhrwerk umfasst, dessen ganggenauigkeit durch eine elektronische vorrichtung reguliert wird
EP3842876B1 (de) * 2019-12-24 2025-02-19 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Uhr, die mit einem mechanischen uhrwerk und einer vorrichtung zur korrektur der angezeigten stunde ausgestattet ist
EP3944027B1 (de) * 2020-07-21 2024-06-05 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Tragbares gerät, insbesondere armbanduhr, das mit einer stromquellevorrichtung mit einem elektromechanischen wandler ausgestattet ist
EP4099100B1 (de) * 2021-06-02 2025-03-12 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Uhrwerk, das mit einem oszillator ausgestattet ist, der eine piezoelektrische spirale enthält
JP2024113308A (ja) 2023-02-09 2024-08-22 セイコーエプソン株式会社 機械式時計

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CN110955139A (zh) 2020-04-03
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US20200103827A1 (en) 2020-04-02
US11327440B2 (en) 2022-05-10
JP2020052047A (ja) 2020-04-02
EP3629104B1 (de) 2021-05-12

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