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EP3593047B1 - Method for identifying the type of fuel gas during the starting operation of a fuel-gas-operated heating device and fuel-gas-operated heating device - Google Patents

Method for identifying the type of fuel gas during the starting operation of a fuel-gas-operated heating device and fuel-gas-operated heating device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3593047B1
EP3593047B1 EP19701202.4A EP19701202A EP3593047B1 EP 3593047 B1 EP3593047 B1 EP 3593047B1 EP 19701202 A EP19701202 A EP 19701202A EP 3593047 B1 EP3593047 B1 EP 3593047B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
fuel gas
fuel
ignition
control device
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EP19701202.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3593047A1 (en
Inventor
Stephan Wald
Jan Dannemann
Enno Vrolijk
Hartmut Henrich
Hans-Joachim Klink
Jens Hermann
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Ebm Papst Landshut GmbH
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Ebm Papst Landshut GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N2005/185—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/10—Analysing fuel properties, e.g. density, calorific
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2239/00—Fuels
    • F23N2239/04—Gaseous fuels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for identifying the type of fuel gas in a fuel gas-operated heating device.
  • the U.S. 5,401,162 discloses a fuel gas-operated heater, the fuel gas mass flow and the fuel gas composition being determined by a sensor in each case.
  • an ignitable fuel gas-air mixture When starting a burner of the heater, an ignitable fuel gas-air mixture should be regulated as quickly as possible. Since both the optimal Gas / air ratio and the ignition capacity for the various fuel gases are different, it is necessary to determine the type of gas before or during the burner start to adjust the fuel gas and air quantities to optimal starting conditions.
  • the heater at least one fan for conveying an air volume flow, a gas feed with a gas actuator for the regulated feed of a fuel gas, a burner, an ignition unit for igniting the burner, a sensor arranged in the gas supply and against which the fuel gas flows, and a control unit for regulating at least the air volume flow conveyed by the fan and the gas actuator which determines a gas mass flow of fuel gas.
  • the sensor is designed as a gas mass sensor, which detects both the fuel gas mass fed to the burner and another physical property of the fuel gas, with which conclusions can be drawn about the composition of the fuel gas.
  • calorimetric microsensors are used for this purpose, which record the thermal conductivity of the fuel gas in addition to the fuel gas mass.
  • Another possibility consists in at least one sensor based on the functional principle of ultrasonic measurement for determining the fuel gas mass and the specific sound velocity that is present as a function of the fuel gas.
  • At least one of the aforementioned physical properties of the fuel gas is measured by the gas mass sensor (for example the thermal conductivity) and transmitted to the control device.
  • the control unit determines from this measured property of the fuel gas the type of fuel gas.
  • the control unit then regulates a first starting gas mass flow on the gas actuator as a function of the specific type of fuel gas, which is below an ignition limit of the fuel gas of the specific type of fuel gas.
  • the ignition limits of the respective types of fuel gas are generally known and can be stored in the control unit in the form of characteristic curves, for example.
  • the supplied gas mass flow is increased with constant air volume flow starting from the starting gas mass flow with constant ignition attempts of the ignition unit until an ignition range of the previously determined fuel gas type is exceeded.
  • monitoring is carried out and the control unit records whether the burner is igniting.
  • an electrode can be used on the burner, for example, which transmits a flame signal to the control unit if the burner is ignited.
  • the ignition range of the respective type of fuel gas differs for liquid gas and natural gas, since high-calorific fuel gas, e.g. liquid gas ignites earlier than low-calorific fuel gas, e.g. low-calorific natural gas (L-gas) with the same air volume flow.
  • high-calorific fuel gas e.g. liquid gas ignites earlier than low-calorific fuel gas, e.g. low-calorific natural gas (L-gas) with the same air volume flow.
  • L-gas low-calorific natural gas
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to determine the type of fuel gas before the burner is ignited and to limit the fuel gas-air mixture required for starting to a smaller range.
  • the optimum fuel gas-air mixture for starting the burner is recognized and achieved more quickly. This shortens the start time and reduces the number of unsuccessful attempts to start the burner.
  • the control device on the gas actuator regulates a second starting gas mass flow, which is lower than the first gas mass flow and is further below the ignition limit of the fuel gas of the specific fuel gas type, depending on the specific fuel gas type.
  • the steps of the start method described above are carried out again, including increasing the supplied gas mass flow with constant air volume flow with constant ignition attempts of the ignition unit until an ignition range of the previously determined fuel gas type is exceeded. It is advantageous that the area in which the appropriate gas-air mixture is available for the burner start-up process can be expanded and a burner start can be achieved, even if the first specified starting gas mass flow was unsuitable.
  • the method is characterized in that the supplied gas mass flow is continuously increased with a constant air volume flow starting from the starting gas mass flow while the ignition unit tries to ignite.
  • the constant air volume flow is possible via the control unit by regulating a constant fan speed.
  • the method is further characterized in that the control device calculates the actual air volume flow using a fan speed measured by the control device, a characteristic curve determined in advance in the laboratory and a current consumption of the fan.
  • the method not only applies to the burner start in general, but also to the burner start when the heater is started up for the first time.
  • a gas line of the gas supply is first vented, the control device opening the gas actuator and switching it on via the gas mass sensor Signal is sent to the control unit as soon as fuel gas is detected.
  • the gas mass sensor can be used at any time to detect air in the gas supply in order to cause the gas line to be vented.
  • the method preferably provides that the gas mass flow is regulated by the electrically modulating gas actuator, the gas actuator receiving control signals via the control device and thus adapting the gas mass flow as required.
  • appropriate values or characteristic curves are preferably stored in the control unit, which can be used for the regulation or future starting processes. Values known in the art are used here, for example an air requirement that is 3 times greater for ensuring complete combustion with the same volume of liquid gas compared to natural gas.
  • FIG 1 is a schematic structure of a heater 100 for carrying out the method with a modulating premix blower 5, which draws in ambient air a and mixes it with fuel gas.
  • the fuel gas is fed to the premix blower 5 via a gas nozzle 4 in the gas line, with a gas safety valve 1, a gas actuator or gas valve 2, electronically controllable, for example, via a motor M, and a thermal gas mass sensor 3 being arranged in the gas line.
  • the gas inlet pressure d is adapted to the gas control pressure c.
  • the fuel gas-air mixture has the mixture pressure b.
  • an optional non-return flap 6 is provided at the blower outlet. The mixture then has the burner pressure e.
  • the burner 28 with an electrode 7 arranged in the burner flame, with which a flame is detected on the burner 28 and a corresponding signal is transmitted to the control device 9.
  • the heat exchanger 18 is arranged around the burner 28.
  • the exhaust system with the exhaust flap 8 follows.
  • the exhaust gas pressure f prevails in the exhaust system.
  • the control of the amount of fuel gas flowing through the gas actuator 2, as well as the fan speed and therefore the air ratio, takes place via the control unit 9, in which the corresponding control characteristics are stored and can be saved.
  • the corresponding signal lines to and from the control unit 9 are marked with arrows.
  • Figure 2 shows the sequence of the method for gas type detection of high-calorific fuel gas after the thermal gas mass sensor 3 thermal conductivity of the applied fuel gas was measured and transmitted to the control unit 9.
  • the air volume flow VL is initially regulated to a constant value via the fan 5 in the time segment t1-t2.
  • the gas mass flow VG regulated via the gas line by the gas actuator 2 is regulated to the starting gas mass flow, which is below a lower ignition limit z1 of an ignition range HG of the high-calorific fuel gas.
  • the control unit 9 then regulates the gas actuator 2 in the time segment t2-t3 with a constant air volume flow VL in order to continuously increase the gas mass flow VG supplied to the fan 5 starting from the starting gas mass flow with constant ignition attempts of the ignition unit until the ignition range HG of the high-calorific fuel gas and a upper ignition limit z2 of the high calorific fuel gas are exceeded.
  • the burner 28 ignites in the time segment t2-t3 and then burns in the time segment t3-t4 with a gas mass flow rate VG that is constantly regulated. The amount of fuel gas required for low-calorific fuel gas and consequently the ignition range LG of the low-calorific fuel gas are not reached.
  • Figure 3 shows the procedure using the same diagram Figure 2 if it has been determined via the thermal gas mass sensor 3 that it is for low-calorific fuel gas. Then the gas mass flow VG is increased from the start over the ignition range HG of the high calorific fuel gas with a constant air volume flow VG, the starting gas mass flow being below the lower ignition limit z3 of an ignition range LG of the low calorific fuel gas.
  • the control unit 9 then regulates the gas actuator 2 in the time segment t2-t3 with a constant air volume flow VL in order to increase the gas mass flow VG supplied to the blower 5 based on the starting gas mass flow to increase continuously with constant ignition attempts of the ignition unit until the ignition range LG of the low-calorific fuel gas and an upper ignition limit z4 of the low-calorific fuel gas are exceeded.
  • the burner 28 ignites in the time segment t2-t3 and then burns in the time segment t3-t4 with a gas mass flow rate VG that is constantly regulated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Brenngasartenerkennung bei einem brenngasbetriebenen Heizgerät.The invention relates to a method for identifying the type of fuel gas in a fuel gas-operated heating device.

Als Brenngasarten werden vorliegend insbesondere niederkalorisches und hochkalorisches Erdgas sowie Flüssiggas unterschieden.In the present case, a distinction is made between low-calorific and high-calorific natural gas and liquid gas in particular as fuel gas types.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind beispielsweise in der deutschen Patentanmeldung DE 10 2017 126 137 A1 Verfahren zur Gemischregelung auf Basis eines Gasmassenstromsensors in Verbindung mit einer Gemischkalibration durch Flammenstrommessung bekannt. Dies betrifft jedoch im Wesentlichen die Gemischregelung während der Brenner im Betrieb ist.From the prior art, for example, in the German patent application DE 10 2017 126 137 A1 A method for regulating the mixture based on a gas mass flow sensor in connection with a mixture calibration by flame flow measurement is known. However, this essentially affects the mixture control while the burner is in operation.

Weiterer Stand der Technik im vorliegenden technischen Gebiet ist bekannt aus den Druckschriften US 5 401 162 A , EP 1 672 280 A1 und DE 199 21 167 A1 .Further prior art in the present technical field is known from the publications U.S. 5,401,162 A , EP 1 672 280 A1 and DE 199 21 167 A1 .

Die US 5 401 162 offenbart ein brenngasbetriebenes Heizgerät, wobei der Brenngasmassenstrom und die Brenngaszusammensetzung durch jeweils einen Sensor ermittelt wird.The U.S. 5,401,162 discloses a fuel gas-operated heater, the fuel gas mass flow and the fuel gas composition being determined by a sensor in each case.

Beim Start eines Brenners des Heizgeräts sollte in möglichst kurzer Zeit ein zündfähiges Brenngas-Luft-Gemisch eingeregelt werden. Da sowohl das optimale Gasluftverhältnis als auch die Zündleistung für die verschiedenen Brenngase unterschiedlich sind, ist eine Bestimmung der Gasart vor oder während des Brennerstartes zur Einregulierung der Brenngas- und Luftmengen auf optimale Startbedingungen erforderlich.When starting a burner of the heater, an ignitable fuel gas-air mixture should be regulated as quickly as possible. Since both the optimal Gas / air ratio and the ignition capacity for the various fuel gases are different, it is necessary to determine the type of gas before or during the burner start to adjust the fuel gas and air quantities to optimal starting conditions.

Bei elektronischen Gas-Luft-Gemischregelungen für Heizgeräte müssen gasartenabhängige Betriebsparameter berücksichtigt werden. Bei Flüssiggas ist der Modulationsbereich in der Regel kleiner als bei Erdgas. Zudem unterschieden sich die Luftzahlen bei den einzelnen Leistungspunkten im Modulationsbereich des Heizgerätes. Zur automatischen Anpassung des Heizgerätes auf die jeweils zur Verfügung gestellte Brenngasart wird eine automatische Brenngasartenerkennung benötigt.In the case of electronic gas-air mixture controls for heating devices, operating parameters depending on the type of gas must be taken into account. With liquid gas, the modulation range is usually smaller than with natural gas. In addition, the air coefficients differed for the individual performance points in the modulation range of the heater. Automatic fuel gas identification is required to automatically adapt the heater to the type of fuel gas made available.

Herkömmlicherweise wurde eine Brenngasartenerkennung während des Betriebs des Brenners durchgeführt. Dabei erfolgte die Verbrennungsregelung beispielsweise nach dem Ionisationsprinzip, wobei das Gas-Luftverhältnis soweit angepasst wird, dass eine saubere, vollständige Verbrennung vorliegt. Aus dem Verhältnis der Brenngasmenge zur Luftmenge während des Brennbetriebs kann auf die verwendete Gasart geschlossen werden, da die für die jeweiligen Brenngasarten benötigen Luftmengen bekannt sind. Diese Information liegt aber nur indirekt z.B. in Form einer Gebläsedrehzahl (Luftmenge) oder Gasregelventilansteuerung (Stellung oder Ansteuersignal) vor und ist somit sehr ungenau. Zudem ist eine Berücksichtigung der Brenngasart beim Start des Brenners oder gar der Erstinbetriebnahme des Heizgerätes nicht möglich. Auch kann keine Fehlerdiagnose durchgeführt werden, wenn das Heizgerät nicht in Betrieb geht. Bei einer beispielsweise falsch im Heizgerät hinterlegten Brenngasart ist das Nichtzünden des Brenners und mithin das Nichtstarten des Heizgerätes sehr wahrscheinlich.Conventionally, fuel gas type detection was carried out while the burner was in operation. The combustion control was carried out, for example, according to the ionization principle, the gas-air ratio being adjusted to such an extent that clean, complete combustion is achieved. The type of gas used can be deduced from the ratio of the amount of fuel gas to the amount of air during combustion, since the amounts of air required for the respective types of fuel gas are known. However, this information is only available indirectly, e.g. in the form of a fan speed (air volume) or gas control valve control (position or control signal) and is therefore very inaccurate. In addition, it is not possible to take into account the type of fuel gas when starting the burner or even when starting up the heater for the first time. Fault diagnosis can also not be carried out if the heater does not start up. For example, if the type of fuel gas is incorrectly stored in the heater, it is very likely that the burner will not ignite and the heater will not start.

Es ist deshalb die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Verfahren bereit zu stellen, mit dem die Brenngasart vor dem Start des Heizgeräts festgestellt und für den Startvorgang genutzt wird.It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a method with which the type of fuel gas is determined before the heater is started and used for the start process.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmalskombination gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the combination of features according to claim 1.

Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Verfahren zur Brenngasartenerkennung beim Startvorgang eines brenngasbetriebenen Heizgeräts mit elektronischem Gas-Luftverbund vorgeschlagen, wobei das Heizgerät zumindest ein Gebläse zur Förderung eines Luftvolumenstromes, eine Gaszuführung mit einem Gasstellglied zur geregelten Zuführung eines Brenngases, einen Brenner, eine Zündeinheit zur Zündung des Brenners, einen in der Gaszuführung angeordneten und von dem Brenngas angeströmten Sensor, und ein Steuergerät zur Regelung zumindest des durch das Gebläse geförderten Luftvolumenstromes und des einen Gasmassenstrom an Brenngas bestimmenden Gasstellglieds umfasst.According to the invention, a method for identifying the type of fuel gas during the starting process of a fuel gas-operated heater with an electronic gas-air network is proposed, the heater at least one fan for conveying an air volume flow, a gas feed with a gas actuator for the regulated feed of a fuel gas, a burner, an ignition unit for igniting the burner, a sensor arranged in the gas supply and against which the fuel gas flows, and a control unit for regulating at least the air volume flow conveyed by the fan and the gas actuator which determines a gas mass flow of fuel gas.

Der Sensor ist als Gasmassensensor ausgebildet, der sowohl die an den Brenner zugeführte Brenngasmasse als auch eine weitere physikalische Eigenschaft des Brenngases erfasst, mit der Rückschlüsse auf die Zusammensetzung des Brenngases möglich sind. Beispielsweise werden hierfür kalorimetrische Mikrosensoren eingesetzt, die neben der Brenngasmasse die thermische Leitfähigkeit des Brenngases erfassen. Eine andere Möglichkeit besteht in wenigstens einem Sensor basierend auf dem Funktionsprinzip der Ultraschallmessung zur Ermittlung der Brenngasmasse und der jeweils brenngasabhängig vorliegenden spezifischen Schallgeschwindigkeit.The sensor is designed as a gas mass sensor, which detects both the fuel gas mass fed to the burner and another physical property of the fuel gas, with which conclusions can be drawn about the composition of the fuel gas. For example, calorimetric microsensors are used for this purpose, which record the thermal conductivity of the fuel gas in addition to the fuel gas mass. Another possibility consists in at least one sensor based on the functional principle of ultrasonic measurement for determining the fuel gas mass and the specific sound velocity that is present as a function of the fuel gas.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird wenigstens eine der vorgenannten physikalischen Eigenschaften des Brenngases durch den Gasmassensensor gemessen (zum Beispiel die thermische Leitfähigkeit) und an das Steuergerät übertragen. Das Steuergerät bestimmt dann aus dieser gemessenen Eigenschaft des Brenngases die Brenngasart.In the method according to the invention, at least one of the aforementioned physical properties of the fuel gas is measured by the gas mass sensor (for example the thermal conductivity) and transmitted to the control device. The control unit then determines from this measured property of the fuel gas the type of fuel gas.

Anschließend regelt das Steuergerät an dem Gasstellglied in Abhängigkeit von der bestimmten Brenngasart einen ersten Start-Gasmassenstrom ein, der unterhalb einer Zündgrenze des Brenngases der bestimmten Brenngasart liegt. Die Zündgrenzen der jeweiligen Brenngasarten sind allgemein bekannt und lassen sich beispielsweise in Form von Kennlinien im Steuergerät hinterlegen.The control unit then regulates a first starting gas mass flow on the gas actuator as a function of the specific type of fuel gas, which is below an ignition limit of the fuel gas of the specific type of fuel gas. The ignition limits of the respective types of fuel gas are generally known and can be stored in the control unit in the form of characteristic curves, for example.

Dann wird der zugeführte Gasmassenstrom bei konstantem Luftvolumenstrom ausgehend von dem Start-Gasmassenstrom unter ständigen Zündversuchen der Zündeinheit erhöht, bis ein Zündbereich der vorab bestimmten Brenngasart überschritten ist. Während den Zündversuchen wird überwacht und über das Steuergerät erfasst, ob es zu einer Zündung des Brenners kommt. Hierzu kann beispielsweise am Brenner eine Elektrode verwendet werden, die im Falle der Zündung des Brenners ein Flammensignal an das Steuergerät übermittelt.Then the supplied gas mass flow is increased with constant air volume flow starting from the starting gas mass flow with constant ignition attempts of the ignition unit until an ignition range of the previously determined fuel gas type is exceeded. During the ignition attempts, monitoring is carried out and the control unit records whether the burner is igniting. For this purpose, an electrode can be used on the burner, for example, which transmits a flame signal to the control unit if the burner is ignited.

Der Zündbereich der jeweiligen Brenngasart unterscheidet sich bei Flüssiggas und Erdgas, da hochkalorisches Brenngas, z.B. Flüssiggas bei identischem Luftvolumenstrom früher zündet als niederkalorisches Brenngas, z.B. niederkalorisches Erdgas (L-Gas). Dabei ist in der Technik klar abgegrenzt, in welchen Bereichen des Brenngas-Luft-Gemisches der jeweilige Zündbereich des jeweiligen Brenngases liegt.The ignition range of the respective type of fuel gas differs for liquid gas and natural gas, since high-calorific fuel gas, e.g. liquid gas ignites earlier than low-calorific fuel gas, e.g. low-calorific natural gas (L-gas) with the same air volume flow. The technology clearly defines the areas of the fuel gas-air mixture in which the respective ignition range of the respective fuel gas lies.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist ermöglicht, die Brenngasart bereits vor der Zündung des Brenners festzustellen und das für den Start benötigte Brenngas-Luft-Gemisch auf einen kleineren Bereich einzugrenzen. Das optimale Brenngas-Luft-Gemisch zum Start des Brenners wird schneller erkannt und erreicht. Dadurch wird die Startzeit verkürzt und die Anzahl der Fehlversuche beim Brennerstart reduziert.The method according to the invention makes it possible to determine the type of fuel gas before the burner is ignited and to limit the fuel gas-air mixture required for starting to a smaller range. The optimum fuel gas-air mixture for starting the burner is recognized and achieved more quickly. This shortens the start time and reduces the number of unsuccessful attempts to start the burner.

Soweit bei dem Startverfahren keine Zündung des Brenners festgestellt werden konnte, wird in einer Weiterbildung vorgesehen, dass das Steuergerät an dem Gasstellglied in Abhängigkeit von der bestimmten Brenngasart einen zweiten Start-Gasmassenstrom regelt, der geringer ist als der erste Gasmassenstrom und weiter unterhalb der Zündgrenze des Brenngases der bestimmten Brenngasart liegt. Im Anschluss werden wieder die Schritte des vorstehend beschriebenen Startverfahrens durchgeführt umfassend die Erhöhung des zugeführten Gasmassenstroms bei konstantem Luftvolumenstrom unter ständigen Zündversuchen der Zündeinheit, bis ein Zündbereich der vorab bestimmten Brenngasart überschritten ist. Dabei ist vorteilhaft, dass der Bereich, in dem für den Startvorgang des Brenners das passende Gas-Luft-Gemisch vorliegt, erweitert und ein Brennerstart erreicht werden kann, selbst wenn der erste festgelegte Start-Gasmassenstrom ungeeignet war.Insofar as no ignition of the burner is detected during the starting procedure In a further development, it is provided that the control device on the gas actuator regulates a second starting gas mass flow, which is lower than the first gas mass flow and is further below the ignition limit of the fuel gas of the specific fuel gas type, depending on the specific fuel gas type. Subsequently, the steps of the start method described above are carried out again, including increasing the supplied gas mass flow with constant air volume flow with constant ignition attempts of the ignition unit until an ignition range of the previously determined fuel gas type is exceeded. It is advantageous that the area in which the appropriate gas-air mixture is available for the burner start-up process can be expanded and a burner start can be achieved, even if the first specified starting gas mass flow was unsuitable.

Das Verfahren ist in einer Ausführungsform dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zugeführte Gasmassenstrom bei konstantem Luftvolumenstrom ausgehend von dem Start-Gasmassenstrom stetig unter Zündversuchen der Zündeinheit erhöht wird. Der konstante Luftvolumenstrom ist über das Steuergerät durch Einregelung einer konstanten Gebläsedrehzahl möglich.In one embodiment, the method is characterized in that the supplied gas mass flow is continuously increased with a constant air volume flow starting from the starting gas mass flow while the ignition unit tries to ignite. The constant air volume flow is possible via the control unit by regulating a constant fan speed.

Das Verfahren ist ferner dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Steuergerät den tatsächlichen Luftvolumenstrom über eine von dem Steuergerät gemessene Gebläsedrehzahl, einer labortechnisch vorab ermittelten Kennlinie und einer Stromaufnahme des Gebläses errechnet.The method is further characterized in that the control device calculates the actual air volume flow using a fan speed measured by the control device, a characteristic curve determined in advance in the laboratory and a current consumption of the fan.

Das Verfahren betrifft nicht nur den Brennerstart im Allgemeinen, sondern auch den Brennerstart bei der Erstinbetriebnahme des Heizgeräts. Hierzu wird in einer Weiterbildung des Verfahrens vorgesehen, dass beim Startvorgang des brenngasbetriebenen Heizgeräts nach dessen Erstinstallation zunächst eine Entlüftung einer Gasleitung der Gaszuführung durchgeführt wird, wobei das Steuergerät das Gasstellglied geöffnet und über den Gasmassensensor ein Signal an das Steuergerät geleitet wird, sobald Brenngas detektiert wird. Der Gasmassensensor kann jederzeit zur Detektion von Luft in der Gaszuführung genutzt werden, um eine Entlüftung der Gasleitung zu veranlassen.The method not only applies to the burner start in general, but also to the burner start when the heater is started up for the first time. For this purpose, it is provided in a further development of the method that when the fuel gas-operated heater is started after its initial installation, a gas line of the gas supply is first vented, the control device opening the gas actuator and switching it on via the gas mass sensor Signal is sent to the control unit as soon as fuel gas is detected. The gas mass sensor can be used at any time to detect air in the gas supply in order to cause the gas line to be vented.

In einer alternativen Variante des Verfahrens wird beim Startvorgang des brenngasbetriebenen Heizgeräts nach dessen Erstinstallation zunächst eine Entlüftung einer Gasleitung der Gaszuführung durchgeführt, wobei der vorstehend zur Lösung der Aufgabe beschriebene Startvorgang solange wiederholt wird, bis eine Zündung des Brenners erfasst wird.In an alternative variant of the method, when the fuel gas-operated heater is started, a gas line of the gas supply is vented after its initial installation, the starting process described above to solve the problem being repeated until ignition of the burner is detected.

Generell wird bei dem Verfahren vorzugsweise vorgesehen, dass der Gasmassenstrom durch das elektrische modulierende Gasstellglied geregelt wird, wobei das Gasstellglied über das Steuergerät Regelsignale erhält und somit den Gasmassenstrom bedarfsgerecht anpasst.In general, the method preferably provides that the gas mass flow is regulated by the electrically modulating gas actuator, the gas actuator receiving control signals via the control device and thus adapting the gas mass flow as required.

Bei dem Verfahren ist vorzugsweise ferner vorgesehen, aus der über den Gasmassensensor bestimmten Brenngasart den für die jeweilige Brenngasart zugehörigen Luftbedarf zu bestimmen und für die weitere Regelung des Betriebs des Heizgeräts zu nutzen. Hierfür werden im Steuergerät vorzugsweise entsprechende Werte oder Kennlinien hinterlegt, auf die für die Regelung oder zukünftige Startvorgänge zurückgegriffen werden kann. Dabei wird auch auf in der Technik bekannte Größen zurückgegriffen, beispielsweise einen zur Sicherstellung einer vollständigen Verbrennung um den Faktor 3 größeren Luftbedarf bei gleichem Volumen an Flüssiggas gegenüber Erdgas.In the method, provision is preferably also made for the air requirement associated with the respective type of fuel gas to be determined from the type of fuel gas determined by the gas mass sensor and for it to be used for further regulation of the operation of the heater. For this purpose, appropriate values or characteristic curves are preferably stored in the control unit, which can be used for the regulation or future starting processes. Values known in the art are used here, for example an air requirement that is 3 times greater for ensuring complete combustion with the same volume of liquid gas compared to natural gas.

Andere vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet bzw. werden nachstehend zusammen mit der Beschreibung der bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung anhand der Figuren näher dargestellt. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen schematischen Aufbau eines Heizgerätes;
Fig. 2
ein Diagramm zum Verfahrensablauf bei hochkalorischem Brenngas;
Fig. 3
ein Diagramm zum Verfahrensablauf bei niederkalorischem Brenngas.
Other advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or are shown in more detail below together with the description of the preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the figures. Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic structure of a heater;
Fig. 2
a diagram of the process sequence in the case of high calorific fuel gas;
Fig. 3
a diagram of the process sequence for low-calorific fuel gas.

In Figur 1 ist ein schematischer Aufbau eines Heizgerätes 100 zur Durchführung des Verfahrens mit einem modulierenden Vormischgebläse 5, das Umgebungsluft a ansaugt und mit Brenngas mischt. Das Brenngas wird dem Vormischgebläse 5 über eine Gasdüse 4 in der Gasleitung zugeführt, wobei in der Gasleitung vorgeschaltet ein Gassicherheitsventil 1, ein beispielhaft über einen Motor M elektronisch steuerbares Gasstellglied bzw. Gasventil 2 sowie ein thermischer Gasmassensensor 3 angeordnet sind. Der Gaseingangsdruck d wird auf den Gasregeldruck c angepasst. Nach der Mischung mit Umgebungsluft weist das Brenngas-Luft-Gemisch den Gemischdruck b auf. Am Gebläseausgang ist in der gezeigten Ausführung eine optionale Rückschlagklappe 6 vorgesehen. Das Gemisch hat dann den Brennerdruck e. Daran schließt sich der Brenner 28 mit einer in der Brennerflamme angeordneten Elektrode 7 an, mit der eine Flamme am Brenner 28 detektiert und ein entsprechendes Signal an das Steuergerät 9 übermittelt wird. Um den Brenner 28 ist der Wärmetauscher 18 angeordnet. In Strömungsrichtung fortgesetzt folgt das Abgassystem mit der Abgasklappe 8. Im Abgassystem herrscht der Abgasdruck f. Die Regelung der durch das Gasstellglied 2 strömende Brenngasmenge sowie der Gebläsedrehzahl und mithin der Luftzahl erfolgt über das Steuergerät 9, in dem entsprechende Regelungskennlinien hinterlegt und abspeicherbar sind. Die entsprechenden Signalleitungen zu dem und von dem Steuergerät 9 sind mit Pfeilen gekennzeichnet.In Figure 1 is a schematic structure of a heater 100 for carrying out the method with a modulating premix blower 5, which draws in ambient air a and mixes it with fuel gas. The fuel gas is fed to the premix blower 5 via a gas nozzle 4 in the gas line, with a gas safety valve 1, a gas actuator or gas valve 2, electronically controllable, for example, via a motor M, and a thermal gas mass sensor 3 being arranged in the gas line. The gas inlet pressure d is adapted to the gas control pressure c. After mixing with ambient air, the fuel gas-air mixture has the mixture pressure b. In the embodiment shown, an optional non-return flap 6 is provided at the blower outlet. The mixture then has the burner pressure e. This is followed by the burner 28 with an electrode 7 arranged in the burner flame, with which a flame is detected on the burner 28 and a corresponding signal is transmitted to the control device 9. The heat exchanger 18 is arranged around the burner 28. Continued in the direction of flow, the exhaust system with the exhaust flap 8 follows. The exhaust gas pressure f prevails in the exhaust system. The control of the amount of fuel gas flowing through the gas actuator 2, as well as the fan speed and therefore the air ratio, takes place via the control unit 9, in which the corresponding control characteristics are stored and can be saved. The corresponding signal lines to and from the control unit 9 are marked with arrows.

Figur 2 zeigt den Ablauf des Verfahrens zur Gasartenerkennung von hochkalorischem Brenngas, nachdem über den thermischen Gasmassensensor 3 die thermische Leitfähigkeit des anliegenden Brenngases gemessen und an das Steuergerät 9 übertragen wurde. Bei dem Verfahren wird zunächst im Zeitabschnitt t1-t2 der Luftvolumenstrom VL über das Gebläse 5 auf einen konstanten Wert geregelt. In der gezeigten Ausführung wird beim Erreichen des konstanten Luftvolumenstromes VL der über die Gasleitung durch das Gasstellglied 2 geregelte Gasmassenstrom VG auf den Start-Gasmassenstrom geregelt, der unterhalb einer unteren Zündgrenze z1 eines Zündbereichs HG des hochkalorischen Brenngases liegt. Das Steuergerät 9 regelt anschließend im Zeitabschnitt t2-t3 bei konstantem Luftvolumenstrom VL das Gasstellglied 2, um den dem Gebläse 5 zugeführten Gasmassenstrom VG ausgehend von dem Start-Gasmassenstrom stetig unter ständigen Zündversuchen der Zündeinheit zu erhöhen, bis der Zündbereich HG des hochkalorischen Brenngases und eine obere Zündgrenze z2 des hochkalorischen Brenngases überschritten sind. Soweit keine außergewöhnlichen Rahmenbedingungen vorliegen, die einen Brennerstart verhindern, zündet der Brenner 28 im Zeitabschnitt t2-t3 und brennt anschließend im Zeitabschnitt t3-t4 bei konstant eingeregeltem Gasmassenstrom VG. Die für niederkalorisches Brenngas nötige Brenngasmenge und mithin der Zündbereich LG des niederkalorischen Brenngases werden nicht erreicht. Figure 2 shows the sequence of the method for gas type detection of high-calorific fuel gas after the thermal gas mass sensor 3 thermal conductivity of the applied fuel gas was measured and transmitted to the control unit 9. In the method, the air volume flow VL is initially regulated to a constant value via the fan 5 in the time segment t1-t2. In the embodiment shown, when the constant air volume flow VL is reached, the gas mass flow VG regulated via the gas line by the gas actuator 2 is regulated to the starting gas mass flow, which is below a lower ignition limit z1 of an ignition range HG of the high-calorific fuel gas. The control unit 9 then regulates the gas actuator 2 in the time segment t2-t3 with a constant air volume flow VL in order to continuously increase the gas mass flow VG supplied to the fan 5 starting from the starting gas mass flow with constant ignition attempts of the ignition unit until the ignition range HG of the high-calorific fuel gas and a upper ignition limit z2 of the high calorific fuel gas are exceeded. As long as there are no exceptional framework conditions that prevent the burner from starting, the burner 28 ignites in the time segment t2-t3 and then burns in the time segment t3-t4 with a gas mass flow rate VG that is constantly regulated. The amount of fuel gas required for low-calorific fuel gas and consequently the ignition range LG of the low-calorific fuel gas are not reached.

Figur 3 stellt das Verfahren anhand desselben Diagramms aus Figur 2 dar, soweit über den thermischen Gasmassensensor 3 festgestellt wurde, dass es sich um für niederkalorisches Brenngas handelt. Dann wird der Gasmassenstrom VG bei konstantem Luftvolumenstrom VG von Anfang an über den Zündbereich HG des hochkalorischen Brenngases erhöht, wobei der Start-Gasmassenstrom unterhalb der unteren Zündgrenze z3 eines Zündbereichs LG des niederkalorischen Brenngases liegt. Das Steuergerät 9 regelt anschließend im Zeitabschnitt t2-t3 bei konstantem Luftvolumenstrom VL das Gasstellglied 2, um den dem Gebläse 5 zugeführten Gasmassenstrom VG ausgehend von dem Start-Gasmassenstrom stetig unter ständigen Zündversuchen der Zündeinheit zu erhöhen, bis der Zündbereich LG des niederkalorischen Brenngases und eine obere Zündgrenze z4 des niederkalorischen Brenngases überschritten sind. Soweit keine außergewöhnlichen Rahmenbedingungen vorliegen, die einen Brennerstart verhindern, zündet der Brenner 28 im Zeitabschnitt t2-t3 und brennt anschließend im Zeitabschnitt t3-t4 bei konstant eingeregeltem Gasmassenstrom VG. Figure 3 shows the procedure using the same diagram Figure 2 if it has been determined via the thermal gas mass sensor 3 that it is for low-calorific fuel gas. Then the gas mass flow VG is increased from the start over the ignition range HG of the high calorific fuel gas with a constant air volume flow VG, the starting gas mass flow being below the lower ignition limit z3 of an ignition range LG of the low calorific fuel gas. The control unit 9 then regulates the gas actuator 2 in the time segment t2-t3 with a constant air volume flow VL in order to increase the gas mass flow VG supplied to the blower 5 based on the starting gas mass flow to increase continuously with constant ignition attempts of the ignition unit until the ignition range LG of the low-calorific fuel gas and an upper ignition limit z4 of the low-calorific fuel gas are exceeded. As long as there are no exceptional framework conditions that prevent the burner from starting, the burner 28 ignites in the time segment t2-t3 and then burns in the time segment t3-t4 with a gas mass flow rate VG that is constantly regulated.

Claims (11)

  1. A method for identifying the type of fuel gas during the starting operation of a fuel-gas-operated heating device (100) with an electronic gas-air mixer, wherein the heating device (100) comprises at least one fan (5) for conveying an air volume flow, a gas supply with a gas control element (2) for the controlled supply of a fuel gas, a burner (28), an ignition unit for igniting the burner (28), a sensor arranged in the gas supply and over which the fuel gas flows, and a control device (9) for controlling at least the air volume flow conveyed by the fan (5) and the gas control element (2) which determines a gas mass flow of fuel gas, wherein
    a. the sensor is configured as a gas mass sensor for determining a fuel gas mass of the fuel gas supplied to the burner and a physical property associated with the fuel gas,
    b. the physical property of the fuel gas is measured by the gas mass sensor (3) and transmitted to the control device (9),
    c. the control device (9) determines the type of fuel gas from the measured physical property of the fuel gas;
    d. the control device (9), as a function of a determined type of fuel gas, controls, on the gas control element (2), a first starting gas mass flow which is below an ignition limit of the fuel gas of the determined type of fuel gas,
    e. the supplied gas mass flow at constant air volume flow is increased starting from the starting gas mass flow during ignition attempts of the ignition unit until an ignition range of the determined combustion fuel type is exceeded,
    f. during the ignition attempts, an ignition of the burner (28) is monitored and acquired.
  2. The method according to claim 1, characterised in that, in the case of no ignition, the control device (9), as a function of the determined type of fuel gas, controls, on the gas control element (2), a second starting gas mass flow which is lower than the first gas mass flow and further below the ignition limit of the fuel gas of the determined type of fuel gas, wherein steps e) to f) of claim 1 occur subsequently.
  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the supplied gas mass flow at constant air volume flow is increased starting from the starting gas mass flow during ignition attempts of the ignition unit.
  4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, during the starting operation of the fuel-gas-operated heating device (100), after its first installation, a ventilation of a gas line of the gas supply is first carried out, wherein the control device opens the gas control element (2) and, as soon as fuel gas is detected, a signal is transmitted to the control device (9) via the gas mass sensor (3).
  5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterised in that, during the starting operation of the fuel-gas-operated heating device (100), after its first installation, a ventilation of a gas line of the gas supply is first carried out, wherein the starting operation is repeated with steps b)-f) until an ignition of the burner is acquired.
  6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the control device (9) calculates the actual air volume flow via a fan rotational speed measured by the control device (9), a characteristic line determined previously in the laboratory, and a power consumption of the fan (5).
  7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the gas mass flow is controlled by the electrical modulating gas control element (2), wherein the gas control element (2) receives the control signals via the control device (9).
  8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the air consumption associated with the respective type of fuel gas is determined from the type of fuel gas determined via the gas mass sensor (3).
  9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the gas mass sensor for determining the fuel gas mass, and a physical property associated with the fuel gas is configured as thermal gas mass sensor (3) which measures a thermal conductivity of the fuel gas.
  10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 1-8, characterised in that the gas mass sensor for determining the fuel gas mass, and a physical property associated with the fuel gas is configured as ultrasound gas mass sensor (3) which measures a fuel-gas-specific speed of sound.
  11. A fuel-gas-operated heating device (100) with electronic gas-air mixer, wherein the heating device (100) comprises at least one fan (5) for conveying an air volume flow, a gas supply with a gas control element (2) for the controlled supply of a fuel gas, a burner (28), an ignition unit for igniting the burner (28), a sensor arranged in the gas supply and over which the fuel gas flows, and a control device (9) for controlling at least the air volume flow conveyed by the fan (5) and the gas control element (2) which determines the gas mass flow of fuel gas, wherein
    a. the sensor is configured as a gas mass sensor for determining a fuel gas mass of the fuel gas supplied to the burner and a physical property associated with the fuel gas,
    b. the physical property of the fuel gas is measured by the gas mass sensor (3) and transmitted to the control device (9),
    c. the control device (9) determines the type of fuel gas from the measured physical property of the fuel gas;
    d. as a function of the determined type of fuel gas, the control device (9) controls, on the gas control element (2), a first starting gas mass flow which is below an ignition limit of the fuel gas of the determined type of fuel gas,
    e. the supplied gas mass flow at constant air volume flow is increased starting from the starting gas mass flow during ignition attempts of the ignition unit until an ignition range of the determined type of fuel gas is exceeded,
    f. during the ignition attempts, an ignition of the burner (28) is monitored and acquired.
EP19701202.4A 2018-03-07 2019-01-18 Method for identifying the type of fuel gas during the starting operation of a fuel-gas-operated heating device and fuel-gas-operated heating device Active EP3593047B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102018105185.9A DE102018105185A1 (en) 2018-03-07 2018-03-07 Method for detecting fuel gas in a fuel gas operated heater
PCT/EP2019/051222 WO2019170309A1 (en) 2018-03-07 2019-01-18 Method for identifying the type of fuel gas during the starting operation of a fuel-gas-operated heating device and fuel-gas-operated heating device

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EP3593047B1 true EP3593047B1 (en) 2021-04-07

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DE102018105185A1 (en) 2019-09-12
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CN110582673A (en) 2019-12-17

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