EP3591166A1 - Tunnel lining composed of at least two concrete elements - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a tunnel construction composed of at least two concrete elements (10), each with at least one protective element (20) connected to the concrete element, the protective element (20) having a protective section which has a first side facing the concrete element (10) on which at least one connecting element (17) is provided for establishing a holding connection of the protective section to the concrete element (10), the protective section consisting of at least one plastic, the protective element (20) having at least one protective element seal (30) which is connected to the protective section ( 20), the connection to the protective section (20) being gas-tight and liquid-tight, a joint (40) being present between the at least two concrete elements (10) arranged for tunnel expansion (300), the joint (40) being formed by at least one a protective element seal (30) with a sealing effect (first sealing effect) gas-tight and liquid is sealed tightly to the inside of the tunnel (100), and drainage (C) of the tunnel lining (300) into the inside of the tunnel (100) is provided.

Description

The invention relates to a tunnel construction composed of at least two concrete elements, each with at least one protective element connected to the concrete element, the protective element having a protective section which has a first side facing the concrete element, on which at least one connecting element for producing a holding connection of the protective section to the Concrete element is provided, wherein the protective section consists of at least one plastic, the protective element having at least one protective element seal which is connected to the protective section, the connection to the protective section being gas-tight and liquid-tight, with a joint between the at least two concrete elements arranged for tunnel expansion is present, the joint being sealed gas-tight and liquid-tight to the interior of the tunnel by at least one protective element seal with a sealing action (first sealing action), and wherein drainage of the door is planned in the tunnel interior.

Such tunnel construction with concrete elements with protective elements are among others WO 2005/024183 A1 . WO 2011/085734 A1 . WO 2015/139807 A2 and from WO 2017/008913 A1 known. An alternative embodiment is shown in FIG JP 2004132002 known.

The concrete elements used here are also referred to in technical terms as "tubbings" and are used e.g. B. used as part of tunnel expansion in mechanical tunnel construction using shield driving. Such tunnel expansion is used, for example, in connection with tunnel boring machines which comprise a drilling head, behind which a cylindrical shield with a shield jacket and a shield tail is arranged. The shield has a smaller outer diameter than the drill head so that there is no direct contact between the tunnel wall and the shield. When the tunnel boring machine is driven a certain distance, the concrete elements are positioned in the shield tail at the edge of the shield. They are pressed against the direction of advance against the adjacent concrete elements last attached and, if necessary, connected to them. Several concrete elements together form a tunnel extension in the form of a ring over the entire circumference of the tunnel. The tunnel will then be built step by step.

The gap between a ring and the tunnel wall may be filled with mortar, e.g. B. to prevent subsidence. For example, disclosed WO 2005/0241863 A1 in the center of the concrete element an injection hole, which is designed as a hole connecting the outer surface of the concrete element with the inner surface of the concrete element. After the individual concrete element is positioned and connected to its neighboring concrete elements, mortar is injected between the concrete element and the tunnel wall via the injection hole. This prevents subsidence in the floor that surrounds the concrete elements. In addition, the concrete element can be moved and positioned using the injection hole by engaging a suitable tool.

This type of tunnel expansion is also used, among other things, for the construction of sewage pipes, especially of larger collecting pipes. As with other possible uses, there are increased demands on the tightness of the cladding of the tunnel. The inside of the tubbing is sealed with a cladding so that no gases rising from the sewage or even the sewage itself can get into the concrete via the tunnel walls and damage it (corrosion).

With one with concrete elements according to WO 2005/024183 A1 . WO 2011/085734 A1 . WO 2015/139807 A2 or WO 2017/008913 A1 Covered tunnels, the protective layer of protective elements protects the concrete of the concrete elements from the effects of aggressive (eg corrosive) gases or liquids. Together with seals, the protective elements of the concrete elements of the cladding seal the tunnel lining or its concrete elements from the inside. The concrete element is prefabricated with the protective element, which eliminates the need to seal the cladding as a separate working step in tunnel construction, for example welding the joints between the protective elements / protective layers of adjacent concrete elements.

Out WO 2005/024183 A1 . WO 2011/085734 A1 . WO 2015/139807 A2 . WO 2017/008913 A1 and also from JP2004132002 It is known that the tubbings used for the tunnel expansion are pre-produced, and that already during the production of the tubbings, a lining is arranged on the inside of the tubbings, which, in the assembled state of the individual tubbings, rings to seal the tunnel wall against water, waste water and Gases.

A protective layer is provided on the concrete element, which covers an inner surface of the segment opposite a convex outer surface. This protective layer is in accordance with WO 2005/024183 A1 made of fiberglass or polyethylene (PE), according to WO 2011/085734 A1 from polydicyclopentadienes (pDCPD), according to WO 2015/139807 A2 from a mixture of PE and pDCPD, or according to JP2004132002 Made from a synthetic resin and in particular from polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), PVC, polyester or vinyl ester and is firmly anchored in the concrete by means of mechanical anchoring so that an inseparable connection of the protective layer with the concrete is created. The protective layer is designed so that only the inside of the segment element is covered ( JP2004132002 ) or side surfaces of the concrete element are also partially included ( WO 2005/024183 A1 . WO 2011/085734 A1 . WO 2015/139807 A2 ). A The choice of material from the abovementioned possibilities is also given for the protective elements according to the invention.

According to WO 2005/024183 A1 . WO 2011/085734 A1 . WO 2015/139807 A2 and WO 2017/008913 A1 a seal is then provided on the side surface, which protrudes beyond the protective layer. The seal is made of an elastic material, so that when the individual segments for tunneling are put together, the joints between the adjacent concrete elements are closed by the seal. Such a protective element seal with the function described above is also provided for the protective elements according to the invention. Alternatively, the joints can be closed by welding the individual protective layers provided on the inside of the concrete elements.

The concrete element itself is made according to WO 2005/024183 A1 manufactured using formwork. A protective layer is placed on the formwork floor in the formwork. Furthermore, if provided, protective layer elements are also placed on the side walls of the formwork. Furthermore, the formwork, if provided, has a recess into which the seal is inserted. The concrete is then placed in the formwork in connection with reinforcement. After the concrete has hardened, the tubbing is used as a tunnel extension.

In practice it has been found that in the transition between the protective layer and the seal WO 2005/024183 A1 leaks can always occur if sufficient care was not taken when manufacturing the concrete element when inserting the seal in the formwork and / or when arranging the seal with respect to the protective layer. Against this strikes WO 2011/085734 A1 before that the protective element is made of an injection-moldable plastic and that an integral gas-tight connection between the seal and protective element is provided by the seal is connected to the protective element during production by injection molding. In WO 2015/139807 A2 part of the PDCPD of the protective element is replaced by at least one flat PE element. This is also provided for the concrete elements according to the invention and their protective elements.

For example, if there is groundwater in the area of the tunnel, there is a risk that it will be under pressure or that there will be a corresponding pressure according to the depth of the tunnel. If there are cracks in the concrete or if the groundwater penetrates through the concrete, this is on the inside of the protective layer / the protective elements, so that this / this is pressurized and must be dimensioned accordingly to counteract a failure of the protective layer. This occurred especially in tunnels with segments WO 2005/024183 A1 in which the anchorages of the protective element came loose from the concrete. Here against saw WO 2011/085734 A1 a different dimensioning of the anchors. This is safe, but may lead to increased effort in the manufacture of the protective elements or the finished concrete elements.

If the protective elements are welded to each other, which is usually done by hand, care must be taken to ensure that the weld seams are of an appropriate quality. Here, too, there may be replacements.

In the case of a double-shell construction, in which an inner shell is applied to the tubbings on site, or also in the case of welded protective elements, the entire ring may not be covered with a protective layer, but rather the protective layer or the welding of the protective layer in the area is left out in the area that does not fall dry. The water present can then flow down to the base on the side of the protective elements facing the concrete elements, and then enter the tunnel and drain there. This is possible if this area does not fall dry so that the concrete does not corrode due to gases. Such a structure is not possible if the wastewater alone cannot be diluted, or if the wastewater itself is already so aggressive that the concrete is adversely affected.

See an alternative solution for pressurized water WO 2017/008913 A1 in front. The protective section has at least one drainage element, for example an opening in the protective element or also a sleeve / an erector dowel with openings, possibly with a closure element, through which a liquid from the first side of the protective section can pass through to the opposite side of the protective section facing away from the concrete element. Instead of reinforcing the anchoring of the protective element relative to the concrete element, the existing groundwater is instead drained off through the protective element, thereby preventing pressure-related detachment. Here, however, the gas tightness of the protective element must be guaranteed despite the drainage element.

According to the invention, an alternative way of dewatering the concrete elements is proposed. The solution according to the invention provides that at least one concrete element has at least one concrete element seal arranged separately from the protective element with a sealing effect (second sealing effect) which seals the joint in a gas-tight and liquid-tight manner with respect to the rock, that the drainage through the joint between the at least two concrete elements takes place, and that the protective element seal has a lower sealing effect than the concrete element seal (first sealing effect <second sealing effect).

Surprisingly, it has been shown that a sufficient drainage option can be provided as protection against the tearing off of protective elements from the concrete elements. At the same time, this makes it possible to provide adequate protection against corrosion if openings in the protective elements are not possible.

Another teaching of the invention provides that there is a water permeability from the concrete element into the joint between the protective element seal and the concrete element seal. A further teaching of the invention provides that the concrete element seal is provided on the protective element at a distance from the protective element seal. This enables safe drainage from the concrete element in a simple manner.

Another teaching of the invention provides that the concrete element seal is arranged in a recess in the concrete element. This will turn on enables a simple arrangement of the concrete element seal on the concrete element.

Another teaching of the invention provides that the protective section has at least one bottom section or at least one bottom section and at least one wall section. In this way, an adequate protective element is provided in a simple manner.

A further teaching of the invention provides that the connecting element is an anchor structure, a honeycomb structure, a web, a pin and / or a surface element with openings. Another teaching of the invention provides that the connecting element is a projection, which preferably consists of the same plastic as the bottom section and / or wall section. It is also advantageous that the protective section is connected in one piece to the at least one connecting element, the one-piece connection preferably being produced by injection molding the plastic. In particular, surface elements, such as honeycomb structures or surface sections with through openings, allow the protective element to be anchored particularly well to the concrete element over the entire surface of the protective element. The additional provision of pins or the like, which possibly extend further into the concrete of the concrete element, can result in an increased selective increase in holding force.

Another teaching of the invention provides that the gas-tight and liquid-tight connection between the protective section and the protective element seal is injection molded. Another teaching of the invention provides that the protective element seal with the protective section is produced by injection molding with at least one plastic. This makes it possible to essentially limit injection molding to the direct connection of the base section to the protective element seal. By connecting the seal and the connecting elements to the protective section, a liquid-tight and gas-tight connection is produced in a particularly simple manner. Injection molding can ensure that the protective elements are manufactured with consistently high quality, so that with regard to the finished concrete element, the protective effect of the protective element is particularly high and of consistently high quality, regardless of the manufacturing process of the concrete element. The protective element is shaped in such a way that, based on the seal, the sealing material is enclosed on at least three sides with the injection molding material.

Injection molding is understood here to mean all processes that can be subsumed under injection molding, i.e. processes in which one or more thermoplastics / thermosets / elastomers are introduced directly, individually, in succession or simultaneously, for example as polymers or monomers (for example Overmolding / overmolding or multi-component injection molding), or in which monomers are processed that only become polymers in the injection mold (for example reaction overmolding).

A further teaching of the invention provides that the plastic is a polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD), preferably highly temperature-resistant, a resin, into which glass fibers are preferably introduced, or a thermoplastic, preferably PE. With this plastic, a high product speed can be achieved due to the fast processing properties. At the same time, there is a particularly high level of resistance in use.

A further teaching of the invention provides that the at least two concrete elements are gas-tight with respect to the interior of the tunnel by the provision of the one protective element in each case. In this way, a high corrosion resistance of the tunnel construction is easily achieved.

Another teaching of the invention provides that the tunnel extension is constructed in two parts, with an inner concrete element on which the protective element is arranged and an outer concrete element on which the concrete element seal is arranged. It is advantageous that a joint, preferably concentric, is provided between the concrete elements, through which a joint for liquid flow can take place. Another teaching of the invention provides ensure that the joint is filled with a liquid-permeable filling material. It has been shown that a simple drainage option is provided in a particularly simple manner if a two-part tunnel expansion is necessary, while at the same time a high corrosion resistance is achieved in a simple manner.

A further teaching of the invention provides that, for example, the base and / or wall section essentially consists of a film, a plate or a sheet, which is preferably connected to connecting elements, and / or is formed from a further plastic, for example PE , These are particularly inexpensive plastics. Components made of these, such as sheets, sheets or foils, can be produced locally on site, so that considerable transportation and storage costs for the finished products are eliminated.

In addition, a further teaching of the invention provides that additional drainage elements can be provided in the flat sections of the protective elements. This is advantageous if the drainage according to the invention should not be considered sufficient when dimensioning the tunnel construction.

A further teaching of the invention provides in this connection that a ceiling element is also provided, so that a hollow body is produced, into which the concrete and, if necessary, reinforcement is then already introduced during injection molding. This is particularly advantageous if the concrete element must also be protected on its outer sides against aggressive water in the mountains.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.

Fig. 1

eine geschnittene Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Tunnelausbaus mit Betonelementen mit Schutzelement,

Fig. 2

eine geschnittene Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Tunnelausbaus mit Betonelementen mit Schutzelement, und

Fig.3a - 3d

Prinzipskizzen in Schnittansichten alternativer Ausführungsformen des Schutzelements,

Show:

Fig. 1

2 shows a sectional illustration of a first embodiment of a tunnel lining according to the invention with concrete elements with a protective element,

Fig. 2

a sectional view of a second embodiment of a tunnel construction according to the invention with concrete elements with protective element, and

Fig.3a - 3d

Schematic diagrams in sectional views of alternative embodiments of the protective element,

In a first embodiment of a tunnel lining 300 according to the invention, a lining ring made of concrete elements 10 (tubbings) ( Fig. 1 ) intended. The concrete element has a convex upper side 11 and a lower side 12 (in Fig. 1 covered by a protective element 20). The protective element 20 is arranged on the underside 12 of the concrete element 10.

The concrete element 10 has, for example, recesses 14 on its wall sections 13 that are not covered with the protective element 20. Concrete element seals 50 are arranged in the depressions 14. These have a sealing surface 51 which, when the individual concrete elements 10 are assembled, either meets another wall section 13 or another sealing surface 51 of a concrete element seal 50. Inside, the concrete element seal 50 has, for example, chambers 52. When the concrete elements 10 are assembled, the elastic plastic of the concrete element seal 50 is deformed and the chambers 52 are pressed together. Opposite the sealing surface 51 there can optionally be arranged holding projections (not shown) which engage in the concrete 16 after it has been poured.

In this embodiment, the protective element 20 has a base section 21 and wall sections 22, 23. On these wall sections 22, 23, a receiving area 29 is provided, in which a protective element seal 30 is arranged. The connection between seal 30 and protective element 20 is made, for example, by injection molding.

A distance 15 is provided between the protective element seal 30 and the concrete element seal 50, which is not covered by the protective element 20.

Alternatively, the concrete element 10 can also have only one protective element 20 with a base section 21 (not shown), on which the protective element seal 30 is arranged in a gas- and liquid-tight manner, for example by injection molding.

The protective element 20 has a base section 21, on the outer sides of which wall sections 22, 23 are arranged essentially at right angles, but also in any other arrangement. In order to produce a holding connection between the protective element 20 and the concrete element 10, the inside of the base section 21 has holding elements 17, for example pins. Alternatively and not shown, webs can also be arranged parallel to an outer wall and webs to the outer wall arranged at right angles thereto. The webs can, for example, be provided with openings through which concrete 16 can pass and thus produce a particularly good connection after hardening.

The bottom section 21 has a second flat section 28, which can consist, for example, of a PE film. This second section can extend over the entire bottom section 21 or only parts thereof. It is preferably connected to the remaining protective element 20, in particular the first section 25, which can form part or all of the wall section 22, 23, by means of injection molding.

The protective element seal 30 consists of an elastic plastic. The seal 30 has a sealing surface 31 which, when the individual concrete elements are put together, either meets another concrete surface or another sealing surface 31 of a protective element seal 30. The protective element seal has 30 chambers 32 inside. When assembling the concrete elements 10, the elastic plastic of the protective element seal 30 is deformed and the chambers 32 are pressed together. Opposite the sealing surface 31 there are holding projections 33 which engage in the plastic of the wall sections 22, 23 of the protective element 20. This and the nearby side walls of the protective element seal 30 connect during injection molding with the plastic of the protective element or are made from it enclosed gas-tight. The protective element seal 30 has, according to the invention, a sealing effect that is smaller than the sealing effect of the concrete element seal 50 but is sufficiently large that no gases or liquids can pass through the protective element seal 30 from the tunnel interior 100 and can, for example, get into the joint and then there with the Concrete 16 can come into contact.

A protective element 20, as in Fig. 1 can be produced, for example, by injection molding. Alternative embodiments are in Fig. 1 and 3a to 3d shown.

3a to 3d show alternative embodiments of the protective element 20 with a view to the fact that the protective element 20 or the base section and / or the wall section are at least partially a flat section 28 made from prefabricated semi-finished products such as sheets with projections arranged thereon. 3a to 3d show various exemplary ways of connecting the second section 28 to a first section 25, which was produced, for example, by the injection molding process. This connection can be abrupt ( 3a, 3d and 3c ) or the second section 28 is from the first section 25 on one side (not shown) or on both sides ( Fig. 3d ) encompassed. In Fig. 3b the flat element forming the second section 28 is provided not only as a component of the base section 21, but also as a wall section 22, 23. The jerky connection, as in 3a, 3d and 3c has surprisingly been found to be sufficient, in particular when connecting PE as a flat element and pDCPD as an injection-moldable plastic of the first section 25. Depending on the requirements of the protective element, it is also possible to provide a plurality of flat sections, possibly made of different materials, which are then connected to one another via a plurality of first sections 25 via the one or more different injection-moldable plastics. This applies to floor section 21, wall section 22, 23 as well as ceiling sections.

Not shown is the possibility of providing further drainage openings at the first and or second sections 25, 28 and providing them in these drainage elements.

The tunnel lining 300 according to the invention is formed by assembling the concrete elements 10 into a ring on the mountain 200 and arranging a plurality of rings for an extension. There are joints 40 between the concrete elements 10 due to the assembly. These joints are closed by the concrete element seals 50 on the mountain side in such a way that their sealing effect is greater than the groundwater pressure, so that no groundwater or other liquids present can enter the joints 40 behind the concrete element seal 50.

At the top 11 of the concrete element 10 there is tensioned groundwater or groundwater under pressure in the mountains 200 depending on the depth of the tunnel in the ground. This acts in the direction of arrow A on the tunnel lining 300 according to the invention. The concrete element seal 50 is designed in such a way that its sealing effect prevents the groundwater from penetrating into the joint 40 behind the concrete element seal 50. If there are cracks in the concrete 16 in the event of damage or the groundwater penetrates through the concrete 16 in the event of damage, this may be present on the underside 12 of the concrete element 10 on the inside of the protective element 20. It can move between the protective element 20 and the concrete element 10 and, depending on the version, reaches in the direction of arrow B through the distance 15 not covered by the protective element 20 and through it enter the joint 40 and reach the rear of the protective element seal 30. Reaching the inside of the protective element 20 is not necessary. The water can also reach the joint 40 and the back of the protective element seal 30 directly in the direction of arrow B.

Since, according to the invention, the sealing effect of the protective element seal is smaller than the existing groundwater pressure / liquid pressure, the water / liquid passes through the protective element seal 30 in the direction of arrow C and reaches the tunnel interior 100.

In a first embodiment of a tunnel extension 300 according to the invention, two concentrically constructed extension rings made of concrete elements 10a, 10b (tubbings) ( Fig. 2 ) intended. The first expansion ring consists of the Concrete elements 10a together. These have a recess 14 on their wall sections 13a, in which a concrete element seal 50 is arranged. There are joints 40a between the concrete elements 10a. The second removal ring is then built, either after completion of the erection of the first removal ring or only with a time delay, from concrete elements 10b, which have 12 protective elements 20 with a protective element seal 30 on their underside, as previously described. There are gaps 40b between the concrete elements 10b.

After assembly, a concentric joint 41 is provided between the concrete elements 10a and 10b, which is filled with a filling material 42, preferably water-permeable.

The drainage is also carried out as previously described. There is only a further possibility of flow for the groundwater / the liquid in the direction of arrow D in the joint 41 through the filler material 42 to joint 40b. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS A Incoming groundwater 10 concrete element B Flow direction in the concrete element 10a outer concrete element C Direction of discharge into the interior of the tunnel 10b inner concrete element D Flow direction in joint 41 11 top 12 bottom 13 wall section 13a outer wall section 13b inner wall section 14 deepening 15 distance 16 concrete 17 retaining element 20 protection element 21 bottom section 22 wall section 23 wall section 25 first section 28 second part 29 reception area 30 Protection element seal 31 sealing surface 32 chamber 33 retaining projection 40 Gap 40a outer joint part 40b inner joint part 41 Gap 42 filling material 50 Concrete element seal 51 sealing surface 52 chamber 100 tunnel Affairs 200 mountains 300 tunneling

Claims (11)

Tunnel construction composed of at least two concrete elements (10), each with at least one protective element (20) connected to the concrete element, the protective element (20) having a protective section which has a first side facing the concrete element (10), on which at least one connecting element ( 17) is provided for establishing a holding connection of the protective section to the concrete element (10), the protective section consisting of at least one plastic, the protective element (20) having at least one protective element seal (30) which is connected to the protective section (20) , wherein the connection to the protective section (20) is gas-tight and liquid-tight, a joint (40) being present between the at least two concrete elements (10) arranged for tunnel expansion (300), the joint (40) being provided by at least one protective element seal (30 ) with a sealing effect (first sealing effect) gas-tight and liquid-tight to the inside of the tunnel (100) is sealed, and wherein drainage of the tunnel lining (300) into the tunnel interior (100) is provided, characterized in that at least one concrete element (10) has at least one concrete element seal (50) arranged separately from the protective element (20) with a sealing effect (second Sealing effect), which seals the joint (40) gas and liquid-tight against the rock (200), that the drainage through the joint (40) takes place between the at least two concrete elements (10), and that the protective element seal (30) is less Sealing effect than the concrete element seal (50) (first sealing effect <second sealing effect). Tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that there is a water permeability from the concrete element into the joint (40) between the protective element seal (30) and the concrete element seal (50). Tunnel construction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the concrete element seal (50) is provided at a distance from the protective element seal (30) on the protective element. Tunnel construction according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the concrete element seal (50) is arranged in a recess (14) in the concrete element (10). Tunnel construction according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the protective section has at least one floor section (21) or at least one floor section (21) and at least one wall section (22, 23). Tunnel construction according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the gas-tight and liquid-tight connection between the protective section and the protective element seal is injection molded. Tunnel construction according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the plastic is a polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD), preferably highly temperature-resistant, a resin, into which glass fibers are preferably introduced, or a thermoplastic, preferably PE. Tunnel construction according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the at least two concrete elements (10) are gas-tight with respect to the interior of the tunnel (100) by the provision of the respective protective element (20). Tunnel construction according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the tunnel construction (300) is constructed in two parts, with an inner concrete element (10b) on which the protective element (20) is arranged, and an outer concrete element (10a) on which the concrete element seal (50) is arranged. Tunnel construction according to claim 9, characterized in that a joint (41) is provided between the concrete elements (10a, 10b), through which a joint for liquid flow can take place. Tunnel construction according to claim 10, characterized in that the joint (41) is filled with a liquid-permeable filling material.

Images