EP3562608A1 - Method and device for the powder bed-based additive building up of a plurality of identical components - Google Patents
Method and device for the powder bed-based additive building up of a plurality of identical componentsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3562608A1 EP3562608A1 EP18704450.8A EP18704450A EP3562608A1 EP 3562608 A1 EP3562608 A1 EP 3562608A1 EP 18704450 A EP18704450 A EP 18704450A EP 3562608 A1 EP3562608 A1 EP 3562608A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- components
- base plate
- tip
- relative
- powder bed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 75
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000282941 Rangifer tarandus Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000283011 Rangifer Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000191291 Abies alba Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010678 Paulownia tomentosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002834 Paulownia tomentosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P6/00—Restoring or reconditioning objects
- B23P6/002—Repairing turbine components, e.g. moving or stationary blades, rotors
- B23P6/007—Repairing turbine components, e.g. moving or stationary blades, rotors using only additive methods, e.g. build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/40—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards
- B22F10/47—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards characterised by structural features
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/04—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of turbine blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/083—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
- B23K26/0876—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions
- B23K26/0884—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions in at least in three axial directions, e.g. manipulators, robots
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
- B22F2007/068—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts repairing articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/009—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of turbine components other than turbine blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/001—Turbines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for or for the powder bed-based, additive production of a plurality of components, in particular the repair of components and a corresponding device.
- the components are in particular ⁇ special for use in a turbomachine, preferably ⁇ provided in the hot gas path of a gas turbine. Vorzugswei ⁇ se is in the components to turbine blades or their blades. Accordingly, the components preferably each comprise or consist of a nickel-based or cobalt-base superalloy.
- the alloy may be precipitation hardened or precipitation hardenable.
- the components may alternatively or additionally be worn and / or partially manufactured or constructed components.
- Generative or additive manufacturing processes include, for example as powder bed processes, selective laser melting (SLM) or laser sintering (SLS), or electron beam melting (EBM). Also, the laser deposition welding ⁇ SEN (LMD) belongs to the additive process.
- SLM selective laser melting
- SLS laser sintering
- EBM electron beam melting
- LMD laser deposition welding ⁇ SEN
- a method for selective laser melting is known, for example, from EP 2 601 006 B1.
- Additive manufacturing processes (English: “additive manufacturing”) have proven to be particularly advantageous for complex or complicated or filigree designed components, for example, labyrinthine structures, cooling structures and / or
- the additive manufacturing is advantageous by a particularly short chain of mitschrit ⁇ th, as a manufacturing or production step of a component can be made directly on the basis of a corresponding CAD file.
- the additive manufacturing is particularly advantageous for the development or production of prototypes, which can not or can not be efficiently produced, for example, for cost reasons by means of conventional subtractive or metal-cutting processes or casting technology.
- Running of gas turbines often require after the scheduled service interval repair the Schaufelblattspit ⁇ ze. This is damaged in the use of the gas turbine by thermal, mechanical and / or corrosive action. To carry out the repair, the damaged area is conventionally removed manually and then with a
- Welding process such as laser cladding, rebuilt.
- the removal can be done manually or (partially) auto ⁇ matinstrument.
- the parts which are manufactured by vacuum investment casting due to their material composition requirements as well as geometry complexity are subject to variations in their dimensions (range of variation).
- the blade length varies due to manufacturing, that is a starting point along the longitudinal axis of the blade or blade ⁇ a nominal airfoil length is precisely defined some tenths of a millimeter only Be ⁇ rich.
- the removal of the airfoil tip or area to prepare for its rebuilding will result in variation or blurring of the remaining airfoil's lay.
- the dimensions of the component to be repaired be ⁇ relationship as the component of a certain unavoidable fluctuation or blurring are thus subjected to in terms of its longitudinal extent.
- conventional repair methods for example laser deposition welding or TIG welding, the above-mentioned fluctuation-in contrast to powder-bed-based additive methods-is unproblematic.
- one provided additive, and / or powder bed based selective method, such as selective laser ⁇ melt for the reconstruction of the parts would like to use this variation as described would be a committee rak ⁇ reindeer, or decide the parallel repair a plurality of components by a powder bed based method complicated.
- the position of a build-up tip relative to a substrate or baseplate should be determined to an extent that corresponds to the layer thickness used in the process.
- Typical layer thicknesses in the range of selective laser melting are approximately between 20 and 80 ⁇ m.
- One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for the powder bed-based additive construction of a plurality of components comprising fixing each of the components on a base plate, for example in a system for the corresponding additive production, by means of a holding or fixing device.
- the method further comprises adjusting a vertical position or height position of at least some of the fixed components (via the holding devices) relative to the base plate, so that a structure of the tip of each component of a predetermined range of tolerance is spaced from the base plate inner ⁇ half.
- the described adjustment is preferably an individual adjustment of each individual holding device and may comprise a height measurement or distance measurement of the corresponding mounting tips from the surface of the base plate.
- the method further comprises providing a powder bed of a, in particular pulverulent, build-up material on the base plate up to a height of the tolerance range.
- a configuration space is preferably up to a filled to the depth of the powder bed corresponding height which speaks ent ⁇ the distance of the range of tolerance of the base plate with powder.
- the provision of the powder bed may be provided in the described method equally before and after the step of adjusting the vertical position.
- the method comprises layer-wise additive build-up, preferably by means of selective laser melting, of material respectively on the construction tip of the components. Said material preferably corresponds to the building material solidified by an energy beam.
- the components of the advertising preferably parallel or simultaneously additively placed ⁇ builds.
- the structure of the tips each preferably have a philosophicalflä ⁇ che which - facing away conveniently from the surface of the base plate ⁇ - through the corresponding fixing on the base plate.
- the adjustment of the vertical position and / or a control of the vertical position is performed after each layer of material has been built up.
- a further aspect of the present invention relates to a device for the powder-bed-based additive manufacturing comprising a base plate and a plurality of independently adjustable relative to the base plate and, preferably movable, holding devices, wherein the holding means are each formed, a component (as described above) relative to fix to the base plate.
- the method is a repair or repair method.
- the components are repair components.
- material is removed prior to fixing in each case in a wear region of the components and thus defines the construction tip.
- the components are molded, in particular by precision casting, such as vacuum investment casting, manufactured components.
- the components are forged components. In one embodiment, the components are similar.
- the components are Turbinenlaufschau ⁇ blades
- the superstructure tip is a blade tip represents ⁇
- a nominal layer thickness for the layered additive structure corresponds to a dimension of the tolerance range spaced from the base plate.
- the tole ⁇ ranz Scheme is typically 10 to 80ym, preferably 20 to 30ym. By means of this embodiment, it can be ensured, in particular, that during the production or
- Repair process of the components does not cause problems with a coater unit of the additive manufacturing plant, especially not to collisions. If the assembly tips of the components are arranged according to the method described within the tolerance range, they are for the material order or the repair within the layer or layer thickness of a new material order, and a collision with the coater is thus closed from ⁇ .
- a distance of each construction tip of the components during the layerwise addition cross ven structure for example, after each or some of verfes ⁇ saturated layers or plies, measured relative to the base plate and / or rela ⁇ tive to the surface of the powder bed.
- This Substituted ⁇ staltung is particularly useful to set the vertical position-of the fixed components, such as described in general to be adjusted.
- the predetermined Toleranzbe ⁇ rich for example, measured along a mounting direction, 10 to 80ym, preferably 20 to 30ym.
- each holding device for example, via a guide in the base plate, designed to be height adjustable.
- each holder device has a carrier and / or a clamping device.
- the components are expedient fi ⁇ xed.
- the carrier, the clamping device and / or the holding device is designed to be movable and / or height-adjustable relative to the base plate by means of hydraulic, pneumatic, electromechanical or piezoelectric means.
- the device has at least four holding devices. Accordingly, for example, four components can be constructed in parallel additive layers or
- the device has more than four retaining devices, for example six, eight or ten Hal ⁇ te réelleen.
- Embodiments, features and / or advantages relating in the present case to the method may also relate to the device or vice versa.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view ei ⁇ ner apparatus of the present invention.
- Figure 2 shows a schematic sectional or side view of at least a portion of the device.
- Figure 3 shows a schematic sectional view of the Vorrich ⁇ tung in operation and implies an inventive method.
- FIG. 4 indicates, with reference to a schematic view, method steps of the method.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic flow diagram of method steps of the method according to the invention.
- Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a device 100.
- the device 100 is preferably provided for the Use in a plant for powder-bed-based additive production, preferably by selective laser melting (SLM).
- SLM selective laser melting
- the device 100 has a base plate 1.
- the base plate is expediently a base plate for the additive production of metallic components, in particular turbine components.
- the base plate 1 may be a construction platform similar to a construction platform of a conventional additive manufacturing installation, for example a steel base plate and / or low-distortion base plate.
- the base plate 1 has a square or rectangular main surface.
- the device 100 furthermore has a plurality of holding devices 2.
- Four retaining devices 2 are arranged or fastened by way of example on the surface mentioned.
- the holder devices 2 are provided, for example in order to be repaired or refurbished to be set, in particular ver ⁇ schlissene components on the support means 2 relative to the base 1 to fix.
- the holding devices 2 each have clamping devices 4, in particular clamping jaws to clamp a fixated ⁇ compo nent or a corresponding component, and to fix it that way.
- the holding devices 2 are furthermore designed to be height-adjustable independently of one another (compare FIG. 2) in order to adjust the components for the powder-bed-based additive production in the device 100 in the powder bed at the same level or the same height along a mounting direction (vertical Z direction). This may be necessary to suitably carry out the additive process, in particular the powder coating.
- FIG. 2 shows at least part of the device 100 in an enlarged view.
- a guide 6 of the device 100 is further shown in FIG.
- the guide 6 is preferably carried out through a bore or opening of the base plate 1 and connected to the holding device 2.
- the clamping jaws 4 described above are shown in an enlarged view.
- two clamping jaws or a Spannba ⁇ pair of blocks are preferably provided. Holding or fixing surfaces of the clamping jaws can be configured like a Christmas tree around one
- Shovel foot preferably a turbine blade, purpose ⁇ tionally to grab and fix.
- At least one of the clamping jaws of each holding device 2 is movable in order to fix the component (not explicitly shown in FIG. 2).
- the component not explicitly shown in FIG. 2.
- the hori zontal ⁇ arrow of the right jaw in Figure 2 that this can be pressed, for example, for fixing the component 10 against the left jaw. This can be done by measures known to those skilled in the art.
- the device 100 further comprises a carrier 7.
- the carrier 7 preferably connects the clamping jaws 4 with the guide 6 or couples them.
- the device 100 further comprises means 5 to the Hal ⁇ te Korea 2 and / or the carrier 7 form height adjustable, ie, for example adjustable along a mounting direction (see vertical arrow on the right side in Figure 2).
- a thread 8 can be used.
- the means 5 may be, for example, electromechanical means, such as stepper motors. Wei ⁇ terhin a height adjustment of the holding device by hydraulic, pneumatic or similar mechanical means, or even piezoelectric can be accomplished.
- the described means for height adjustment, in particular stepper motors, are furthermore arranged below the base plate, al ⁇ so outside a powder space during operation of the device 100.
- the guide 6 against the powder bed which is arranged in the operation of the device 100 above the base ⁇ plate 1, for example, sealed by the skilled person known means.
- Figure 3 shows a schematic sectional view of the Vorrich- processing 100 which is used in a system 200 for additive Her ⁇ position.
- the device 100 is preferential ⁇ , in a process for the manufacture of additive (see Figure 5 below) was used.
- Figure 3 indicates wei ⁇ terhin at some steps of the method described.
- each of the holding devices 2 fixes or holds a component 100, expediently via the clamping jaws, as described in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the components are preferably turbine blades, in particular turbine blades.
- the components 10 can accordingly be cast components 10, in particular produced by fine casting, such as vacuum precision casting.
- the components 10 are preferably similar, in particular wear parts for the same power plant or industrial plant.
- the components 10 are preferably exposed to heavy wear, for example due to corrosive or mechanical influences, which is why they have to be repaired or repaired after certain operating intervals.
- a Schaufelblattspit ⁇ ze machined and removed material thereby defining a building tip or mounting surface 11.
- Each of the component 10 accordingly has the tip 11 (construction tip), on which with the described method In a later step, material is built up and the construction part is to be repaired again.
- the structure of the tips 11 of the members 10 shown as an example are shown in the pre ⁇ direction 100 at a different height (vertical polyvinyl sition). This is because the part or blade length is subject to some variation.
- the method presented now comprises individual A ⁇ or adjusting the heights of the components 10 by the holding means or the means described, relative to the base plate so that the construction of the tips 11 are arranged within a predetermined tolerance range TB and spaced from the base plate 1 / become.
- the predetermined tol ⁇ ranz Scheme TB is measured along the mounting direction, 10 to 80ym, preferably 20 to 30ym.
- a readjustment or Kontrollie ⁇ ren the height or vertical position of the components after each in a later step is structured or solidified
- Layer of building material in particular from the hardened alloy suitable for the blades.
- the method comprising a height measurement within the forward direction 100 or 200 this comprehensive system, preferably ⁇ by means of laser distance measurement, when the components are already covered with powder.
- the height measurement may be relative to the baseplate and / or relative to a surface of the powder bed.
- the filling or provision of the powder 3 (powder bed) or building material can basically be done before or after adjusting the height or vertical position.
- the structure with the number 1 ⁇ (see left side) is set such that the corresponding component or its structure tip 11 in ⁇ nergur, more specifically at the upper limit of the tolerance range, is arranged.
- the structure shown in point 3 ⁇ (see right side) is adjusted in terms of height such that the construction of tip 11 of the right component 10 in approximately the unte ⁇ ren limit of the tolerance range TB (see Distance A) is arranged arrival.
- the position is set in such a way or the tolerance range TB is selected such that it corresponds to a predetermined layer thickness D of the powder to be applied.
- Figure 4 shows parts of the apparatus shown in Figure 3 100 and system 200, where, using the beschrie ⁇ surrounded method, a height or vertical position of the "on ⁇ construction", comprising the central holding member 2 together with the fixed member 10, corrected, or such is set, that the corresponding mounting tip 11 with respect to its height or its distance from the building board 1 is within the tolerance range TB.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic flow diagram of method steps according to the invention.
- the method is a method for the powder-bed-based, additive construction of a majority of the components described.
- the method may comprise the removal of material in a wear region of the components, in particular in such a way that an assembly recess 11 of the components is defined in this way.
- the method according to method steps b) comprises fixing each of the components 10 on a base plate 1 by means of a holding device 2.
- the method comprises measuring a distance of each assembly tip 11 of the components 10 relative to the base plate 1 during the actual additive up ⁇ construction (see step f) below).
- the method comprises a ⁇ represent a vertical position of at least some of the fixed parts 10 relative to the base plate 1, so that a structure tip 11 of each member 10 is spaced within a solicitstimm ⁇ th tolerance range TB of the base plate. 1
- the method comprises providing a powder bed 3 of the building material on the base plate 1 up to a height of the tolerance range TB.
- the method comprises
- additively tau provide ⁇ layerwise additive build-up of material on each of the tip 11 structure, in particular a worn area of the components 10 (see FIG. 11 structure peak) or repaired.
- a worn area of the components 10 see FIG. 11 structure peak
- Such components may, for example, be connected to the base plate 1 by means of a silicone gasket around the components 10 or holding devices 2.
- the invention is not limited by the description based on the embodiments of these, but includes each new feature and any combination of features. This includes in particular any combination of features in the patent claims, even if this feature or combination itself is not explicitly stated in the patent claims or exemplary embodiments.
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Abstract
Description
Beschreibung description
Verfahren und Vorrichtung für den pulverbettbasierten additiven Aufbau einer Mehrzahl gleichartiger Bauteile Method and device for the powder bed-based additive construction of a plurality of similar components
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur oder für die pulverbettbasierte, additive Herstellung einer Mehrzahl von Bauteilen, insbesondere der Reparatur von Bauteilen sowie eine entsprechende Vorrichtung. The present invention relates to a method for or for the powder bed-based, additive production of a plurality of components, in particular the repair of components and a corresponding device.
Die Bauteile, vorzugsweise gleichartige Bauteile, sind insbe¬ sondere für den Einsatz in einer Strömungsmaschine, vorzugs¬ weise im Heißgaspfad einer Gasturbine vorgesehen. Vorzugswei¬ se handelt es sich bei den Bauteilen um Turbinenlaufschaufeln bzw. deren Schaufelblätter. Dementsprechend umfassen die Bauteile vorzugsweise jeweils einer Nickelbasis- oder Kobaltba- sis-Superlegierung, oder bestehen daraus. Die Legierung kann ausscheidungsgehärtet oder ausscheidungshärtbar sein. Bei den Bauteilen kann es sich alternativ oder zusätzlich um ver- schlissene und/oder teilweise hergestellte oder aufgebaute Bauteile handeln. The components, preferably similar components, are in particular ¬ special for use in a turbomachine, preferably ¬ provided in the hot gas path of a gas turbine. Vorzugswei ¬ se is in the components to turbine blades or their blades. Accordingly, the components preferably each comprise or consist of a nickel-based or cobalt-base superalloy. The alloy may be precipitation hardened or precipitation hardenable. The components may alternatively or additionally be worn and / or partially manufactured or constructed components.
Generative oder additive Herstellungsverfahren umfassen beispielsweise als Pulverbettverfahren das selektive Laser- schmelzen (SLM) oder Lasersintern (SLS) , oder das Elektronenstrahlschmelzen (EBM) . Ebenso gehört das Laserauftragschwei¬ ßen (LMD) zu den additiven Verfahren. Generative or additive manufacturing processes include, for example as powder bed processes, selective laser melting (SLM) or laser sintering (SLS), or electron beam melting (EBM). Also, the laser deposition welding ¬ SEN (LMD) belongs to the additive process.
Ein Verfahren zum selektiven Laserschmelzen ist beispielswei- se bekannt aus EP 2 601 006 Bl . A method for selective laser melting is known, for example, from EP 2 601 006 B1.
Additive Fertigungsverfahren (englisch: „additive manufactu- ring") haben sich als besonders vorteilhaft für komplexe oder kompliziert oder filigran konzipierte Bauteile, beispielswei- se labyrinthartige Strukturen, Kühlstrukturen und/oder Additive manufacturing processes (English: "additive manufacturing") have proven to be particularly advantageous for complex or complicated or filigree designed components, for example, labyrinthine structures, cooling structures and / or
Leichtbau-Strukturen erwiesen. Insbesondere ist die additive Fertigung durch eine besonders kurze Kette von Prozessschrit¬ ten vorteilhaft, da ein Herstellungs- oder Fertigungsschritt eines Bauteils direkt auf Basis einer entsprechenden CAD- Datei erfolgen kann. Lightweight structures proved. In particular, the additive manufacturing is advantageous by a particularly short chain of Prozessschrit ¬ th, as a manufacturing or production step of a component can be made directly on the basis of a corresponding CAD file.
Weiterhin ist die additive Fertigung besonders vorteilhaft für die Entwicklung oder Herstellung von Prototypen, welche beispielsweise aus Kostengründen mittels konventioneller sub- traktiver oder spanender Verfahren oder Gusstechnologie nicht oder nicht effizient hergestellt werden können. Laufschaufein von Gasturbinen benötigen nach dem vorgesehenen Serviceintervall häufig eine Reparatur der Schaufelblattspit¬ ze. Diese wird im Einsatz der Gasturbine durch thermische, mechanische und/oder korrosive Einwirkung beschädigt. Um die Reparatur durchzuführen wird der beschädigte Bereich konven- tionell manuell abgetragen und anschließend mit einem Furthermore, the additive manufacturing is particularly advantageous for the development or production of prototypes, which can not or can not be efficiently produced, for example, for cost reasons by means of conventional subtractive or metal-cutting processes or casting technology. Running of gas turbines often require after the scheduled service interval repair the Schaufelblattspit ¬ ze. This is damaged in the use of the gas turbine by thermal, mechanical and / or corrosive action. To carry out the repair, the damaged area is conventionally removed manually and then with a
Schweißverfahren, beispielsweise Laserauftragschweißen, wieder aufgebaut. Das Abtragen kann manuell oder (teil- ) auto¬ matisiert erfolgen. Es ist im Bereich der Herstellung von Turbinenschaufeln bekannt, dass die Teile, welche aufgrund ihrer Anforderungen an die Materialzusammensetzung als auch die Geometriekomplexität über Vakuum-Feinguss hergestellt werden, in ihren Dimensionen einer Schwankung (Schwankungsbreite) unterworfen sind. Insbe- sondere variiert die Schaufelblattlänge herstellungsbedingt, d.h. ein Ansatzpunkt entlang der Längsachse des Schaufel¬ blatts bzw. eine nominelle Schaufelblattlänge ist nur im Be¬ reich einiger Zehntelmillimeter genau definiert. Ebenso wie die beschriebene herstellungsbedingte Schwankung oder „Unschärfe" der Schaufelblattlänge, führt das Abtragen der Schaufelblattspitze bzw. eines verschlissenen Bereichs zur Vorbereitung des Wiederaufbaus desselben zu einer Variation oder Unschärfe bezüglich der Läge des verbleibenden Schaufelblatts. Welding process, such as laser cladding, rebuilt. The removal can be done manually or (partially) auto ¬ matisiert. It is known in the field of turbine blade manufacturing that the parts which are manufactured by vacuum investment casting due to their material composition requirements as well as geometry complexity are subject to variations in their dimensions (range of variation). In particular, the blade length varies due to manufacturing, that is a starting point along the longitudinal axis of the blade or blade ¬ a nominal airfoil length is precisely defined some tenths of a millimeter only Be ¬ rich. As well as the described manufacturing variation or "blurring" of the airfoil length, the removal of the airfoil tip or area to prepare for its rebuilding will result in variation or blurring of the remaining airfoil's lay.
Weiterhin ist es häufig erwünscht, nur so viel wie unbedingt notwendig von der Komponente abzutragen, da ein durch Schwei- ßen („refurbishment" ) aufgetragenes „Instandsetzungsmaterial" häufig nicht die erforderliche oder gleiche Materialqualität oder -struktur wie die ursprünglich hergestellte Komponente aufweist, beispielsweise hinsichtlich seiner Heißrissanfäl- ligkeit. Furthermore, it is often desirable to remove only as much as is absolutely necessary from the component since often does not have the requisite or the same material quality or structure as the originally prepared component, for example with regard to its hot crack susceptibility.
Folglich sind, die Abmaße der zu reparierenden Komponente be¬ ziehungsweise des Bauteils einer gewissen, unvermeidlichen Schwankung oder Unschärfe hinsichtlich seiner Längsausdehnung unterworfen. In konventionellen Reparaturverfahren, beispielsweise Laserauftragschweißen oder WIG-Schweißen ist die genannte Schwankung - im Gegensatz zu pulverbettbasierten additiven Verfahren - unproblematisch. The dimensions of the component to be repaired be ¬ relationship as the component of a certain unavoidable fluctuation or blurring are thus subjected to in terms of its longitudinal extent. In conventional repair methods, for example laser deposition welding or TIG welding, the above-mentioned fluctuation-in contrast to powder-bed-based additive methods-is unproblematic.
Sofern man allerdings additive, und/oder pulverbettbasierte selektive Verfahren, wie beispielsweise selektives Laser¬ schmelzen zum Wiederaufbau der Bauteile verwenden möchte, würde diese beschriebene Schwankung zu einem Ausschuss füh¬ ren, bzw. die parallele Instandsetzung einer Mehrzahl von Bauteilen durch ein pulverbettbasiertes Verfahren entscheiden verkompliziert. Der Grund ist, dass bei pulverbettbasierten Verfahren die Position eine Aufbauspitze relativ zu einem Substrat oder einer Grundplatte etwa bis auf ein Maß, welches der im Prozess verwendeten Schichtdicke entspricht, bestimmt sein sollte. Übliche Schichtdicken im Bereich des selektiven Laserschmelzen liegen etwa zwischen 20 und 80 ym. Folglich sollte ein Toleranzbereich, über den die Spitzen der Bauteile oder Komponenten in Aufbaurichtung - vorausgesetzt sie sind alle direkt auf der Grundplatte fixiert - voneinander variie¬ ren, im Bereich der Schichtdicken liegen, damit keine Probleme, insbesondere Kollisionen, bei den einzelnen Beschich- tungsvorgängen auftreten. However, one provided additive, and / or powder bed based selective method, such as selective laser ¬ melt for the reconstruction of the parts would like to use this variation as described would be a committee füh ¬ reindeer, or decide the parallel repair a plurality of components by a powder bed based method complicated. The reason is that in powder bed-based processes, the position of a build-up tip relative to a substrate or baseplate should be determined to an extent that corresponds to the layer thickness used in the process. Typical layer thicknesses in the range of selective laser melting are approximately between 20 and 80 μm. Consequently, should a tolerance range over which the tips of the parts or components in assembly direction - provided they all are fixed directly on the base plate - of one another variie ¬ reindeer, are in the range of layer thicknesses so that processing operations no problems, in particular collisions, wherein the individual coating occur.
Es ist daher eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, Mittel anzugeben, mit denen die additive Herstellung einer Mehrzahl von Bauteilen aus einem Pulverbett vereinfacht, bzw. der Einsatz pulverbettbasierte Fertigungstechnologie erweitert wer- den kann und so auch die Vorteile der additiven Fertigungs¬ technologie breiter genutzt werden können. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide means with which the additive production of a plurality of components from a powder bed can be simplified or the use of powder-bed-based production technology can be expanded. the can and so do the benefits of additive manufacturing technology ¬ can be used widely.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch den Gegenstand der unabhängigen Pa- tentansprüche gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Ge¬ genstand der abhängigen Patentansprüche. This object is solved by the subject matter of the independent patent claims. Advantageous embodiments are subject of the dependent claims ¬ Ge.
Ein Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren für den pulverbettbasierten additiven Aufbau einer Mehrzahl von Bauteilen umfassend das Fixieren jedes der Bauteile auf einer Grundplatte, beispielsweise in einer Anlage für die entsprechende additive Herstellung, mittels einer Halte- oder Fixierungseinrichtung . Das Verfahren umfasst weiterhin das Einstellen einer vertikalen Position oder Höhenposition zumindest einiger der fixierten Bauteile (über die Halteeinrichtungen) relativ zu der Grundplatte, sodass eine Aufbauspitze jedes Bauteils inner¬ halb eines vorbestimmten Toleranzbereichs von der Grundplatte beabstandet ist. Das beschriebene Einstellen ist vorzugsweise ein individuelles Einstellen jeder einzelnen Halteeinrichtung und kann eine Höhenmessung oder Abstandsmessung der entsprechenden Aufbauspitzen von der Oberfläche der Grundplatte umfassen . One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for the powder bed-based additive construction of a plurality of components comprising fixing each of the components on a base plate, for example in a system for the corresponding additive production, by means of a holding or fixing device. The method further comprises adjusting a vertical position or height position of at least some of the fixed components (via the holding devices) relative to the base plate, so that a structure of the tip of each component of a predetermined range of tolerance is spaced from the base plate inner ¬ half. The described adjustment is preferably an individual adjustment of each individual holding device and may comprise a height measurement or distance measurement of the corresponding mounting tips from the surface of the base plate.
Mit der beschriebenen Höhe, Höhenposition oder vertikalen Position ist vorliegend vorzugsweise ein Abstand entlang einer Aufbaurichtung der Bauteile zu verstehen. Das Verfahren umfasst weiterhin das Bereitstellen eines Pulverbettes eines, insbesondere pulverförmigen, Aufbaumaterials auf der Grundplatte bis zu einer Höhe des Toleranzbereichs. Mit anderen Worten wird ein Aufbauraum vorzugsweise bis zu einer der Tiefe des Pulverbettes entsprechenden Höhe, welche dem Abstand des Toleranzbereichs von der Grundplatte ent¬ spricht, mit Pulver gefüllt. Das Bereitstellen des Pulverbettes kann in dem beschriebenen Verfahren gleichermaßen vor wie nach dem Schritt des Einstellens der vertikalen Position vorgesehen sein. Weiterhin umfasst das Verfahren das schichtweise additive Aufbauen, vorzugsweise mittels selektivem Laserschmelzens, von Material jeweils auf der Aufbauspitze der Bauteile. Das genannte Material entspricht vorzugsweise dem durch einen Energiestrahl verfestigten Aufbaumaterial . Die Bauteile wer- den vorzugsweise parallel oder gleichzeitig additiv aufge¬ baut . With the described height, height position or vertical position, in the present case it is preferable to understand a distance along a construction direction of the components. The method further comprises providing a powder bed of a, in particular pulverulent, build-up material on the base plate up to a height of the tolerance range. In other words, a configuration space is preferably up to a filled to the depth of the powder bed corresponding height which speaks ent ¬ the distance of the range of tolerance of the base plate with powder. The provision of the powder bed may be provided in the described method equally before and after the step of adjusting the vertical position. Furthermore, the method comprises layer-wise additive build-up, preferably by means of selective laser melting, of material respectively on the construction tip of the components. Said material preferably corresponds to the building material solidified by an energy beam. The components of the advertising preferably parallel or simultaneously additively placed ¬ builds.
Die Aufbauspitzen weisen jeweils vorzugsweise eine Aufbauflä¬ che auf, welche - durch die entsprechende Fixierung auf der Grundplatte - zweckmäßigerweise von der Oberfläche der Grund¬ platte abgewandt ist. The structure of the tips each preferably have a Aufbauflä ¬ che which - facing away conveniently from the surface of the base plate ¬ - through the corresponding fixing on the base plate.
In einer Ausgestaltung wird das Einstellen der vertikalen Position und/oder eine Kontrolle der vertikalen Position nach jeder aufgebauten Lage von Material durchgeführt. In one embodiment, the adjustment of the vertical position and / or a control of the vertical position is performed after each layer of material has been built up.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung für die pulverbettbasierte additive Herstellung umfassend eine Grundplatte und eine Mehrzahl von relativ zu der Grundplatte unabhängig voneinander höhenverstellbaren und, vorzugsweise bewegbaren, Halteeinrichtungen, wobei die Halteeinrichtungen jeweils ausgebildet sind, ein Bauteil (wie oben beschrieben) relativ zu der Grundplatte zu fixieren. Als Vorteil kann, wie oben angedeutet, das Entfernen bzw. der anschließende Wiederaufbau der beschädigten Schaufelbereiche vereinfacht und unter Nutzung vorteilhafter additiver Fertigungstechnologie durchgeführt werden. Insbesondere kann eine Wiederinstandsetzung von Turbinenteilen kostengünstiger durchgeführt werden. Ebenso können Bauteilreparaturen individualisiert gestaltet werden, beispielsweise dem Verschleißzu¬ stand entsprechend. Weiterhin können mit dem beschriebenen Verfahren eine Mehrzahl von Bauteilen, insbesondere gleichar- tigen Bauteilen parallel repariert oder in Stand gesetzt wer¬ den . A further aspect of the present invention relates to a device for the powder-bed-based additive manufacturing comprising a base plate and a plurality of independently adjustable relative to the base plate and, preferably movable, holding devices, wherein the holding means are each formed, a component (as described above) relative to fix to the base plate. As an advantage, as indicated above, the removal or the subsequent reconstruction of the damaged blade areas can be simplified and carried out using advantageous additive manufacturing technology. In particular, a repair of turbine parts can be carried out more cheaply. Similarly, component repairs can be customized, for example, the Verschleißzu ¬ accordingly. Furthermore, with the method described a plurality of components, in particular the same term components repaired in parallel or put in order ¬ to.
In einer Ausgestaltung ist das Verfahren ein Instandsetzung- oder Reparaturverfahren. In one embodiment, the method is a repair or repair method.
In einer Ausgestaltung sind die Bauteile Reparaturbauteile. In one embodiment, the components are repair components.
In einer Ausgestaltung wird vor dem Fixieren jeweils in einem Verschleißbereich der Bauteile Material abgetragen und so die Aufbauspitze definiert. In one embodiment, material is removed prior to fixing in each case in a wear region of the components and thus defines the construction tip.
In einer Ausgestaltung sind die Bauteile gegossene, insbesondere durch Feinguss, wie Vakuum-Feinguss , hergestellte Bau- teile. In one embodiment, the components are molded, in particular by precision casting, such as vacuum investment casting, manufactured components.
In einer Ausgestaltung sind die Bauteile Schmiedebauteile. In einer Ausgestaltung sind die Bauteile gleichartig. In one embodiment, the components are forged components. In one embodiment, the components are similar.
In einer Ausgestaltung sind die Bauteile Turbinenlaufschau¬ feln, wobei die Aufbauspitze eine Schaufelblattspitze dar¬ stellt . In einer Ausgestaltung entspricht eine nominelle Schichtdicke für den schichtweisen additiven Aufbau einer Abmessung des von der Grundplatte beabstandeten Toleranzbereichs. Der Tole¬ ranzbereich beträgt typischerweise 10 bis 80ym, vorzugsweise 20 bis 30ym. Durch diese Ausgestaltung kann insbesondere ge- währleistet werden, dass es während des Herstellungs- bzw.In one embodiment, the components are Turbinenlaufschau ¬ blades, the superstructure tip is a blade tip represents ¬ . In one embodiment, a nominal layer thickness for the layered additive structure corresponds to a dimension of the tolerance range spaced from the base plate. The tole ¬ ranzbereich is typically 10 to 80ym, preferably 20 to 30ym. By means of this embodiment, it can be ensured, in particular, that during the production or
Reparaturverfahrens der Bauteile nicht zu Problemen mit einer Beschichtereinheit der Anlage der additiven Herstellung kommt, insbesondere nicht zu Kollisionen. Sofern nämlich die Aufbauspitzen der Bauteile gemäß dem beschriebenen Verfahren innerhalb des Toleranzbereichs angeordnet werden, befinden sie sich für den Materialauftrag oder die Reparatur innerhalb der Schicht oder Schichtdicke eines neuen Materialauftrags, und eine Kollision mit der Beschichtereinheit ist somit aus¬ geschlossen . Repair process of the components does not cause problems with a coater unit of the additive manufacturing plant, especially not to collisions. If the assembly tips of the components are arranged according to the method described within the tolerance range, they are for the material order or the repair within the layer or layer thickness of a new material order, and a collision with the coater is thus closed from ¬.
In einer Ausgestaltung wird während des schichtweisen additi- ven Aufbaus, beispielsweise nach jeder oder einiger verfes¬ tigten Schichten oder Lagen, ein Abstand einer jeden Aufbauspitze der Bauteile relativ zu der Grundplatte und/oder rela¬ tiv zur Oberfläche des Pulverbettes gemessen. Diese Ausge¬ staltung ist insbesondere zweckmäßig, um die vertikale Posi- tion der fixierten Bauteile, wie beschrieben, überhaupt einstellen zu können. In one embodiment, a distance of each construction tip of the components during the layerwise addition cross ven structure, for example, after each or some of verfes ¬ saturated layers or plies, measured relative to the base plate and / or rela ¬ tive to the surface of the powder bed. This Substituted ¬ staltung is particularly useful to set the vertical position-of the fixed components, such as described in general to be adjusted.
In einer Ausgestaltung beträgt der vorbestimmte Toleranzbe¬ reich, beispielsweise entlang einer Aufbaurichtung gemessen, 10 bis 80ym, vorzugsweise 20 bis 30ym. In one embodiment, the predetermined Toleranzbe ¬ rich, for example, measured along a mounting direction, 10 to 80ym, preferably 20 to 30ym.
In einer Ausgestaltung ist jede Halteeinrichtung, beispielsweise über eine Führung in der Grundplatte, höhenverstellbar ausgebildet . In one embodiment, each holding device, for example, via a guide in the base plate, designed to be height adjustable.
In einer Ausgestaltung weist jede Haltereinrichtung einen Träger und/oder eine Spanneinrichtung auf. Über den Träger bzw. die Spanneinrichtung (en) , insbesondere Spannbacken oder solche umfassend, werden die Bauteile zweckmäßigerweise fi¬ xiert . In one embodiment, each holder device has a carrier and / or a clamping device. About the support or the clamping device (s), in particular clamping jaws or those comprising, the components are expedient fi ¬ xed.
In einer Ausgestaltung ist der Träger, die Spanneinrichtung und/oder die Halteeinrichtung über hydraulische, pneumatische, elektromechanische oder piezoelektrisch Mittel relativ zu der Grundplatte beweglich und/oder höhenverstellbar ausgebildet . In one embodiment, the carrier, the clamping device and / or the holding device is designed to be movable and / or height-adjustable relative to the base plate by means of hydraulic, pneumatic, electromechanical or piezoelectric means.
In einer Ausgestaltung weist die Vorrichtung mindestens vier Halteeinrichtungen auf. Demgemäß können beispielsweise vier Bauteile parallel additiv schichtweise aufgebaut oder In one embodiment, the device has at least four holding devices. Accordingly, for example, four components can be constructed in parallel additive layers or
instandgesetzt werden. In einer Ausgestaltung weist die Vorrichtung mehr als vier Halteeinrichtungen, beispielsweise sechs, acht oder zehn Hal¬ teeinrichtungen auf. be repaired. In one embodiment, the device has more than four retaining devices, for example six, eight or ten Hal ¬ teeinrichtungen.
Ausgestaltungen, Merkmale und/oder Vorteile, die sich vorliegend auf das Verfahren beziehen, können ferner die Vorrichtung betreffen oder umgekehrt. Embodiments, features and / or advantages relating in the present case to the method may also relate to the device or vice versa.
Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Figuren beschrieben. Further details of the invention are described below with reference to the figures.
Figur 1 zeigt eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht ei¬ ner Vorrichtung der vorliegenden Erfindung. 1 shows a schematic perspective view ei ¬ ner apparatus of the present invention.
Figur 2 zeigt eine schematische Schnitt- oder Seitenansicht zumindest eines Teils der Vorrichtung. Figure 2 shows a schematic sectional or side view of at least a portion of the device.
Figur 3 zeigt eine schematische Schnittansicht der Vorrich¬ tung im Betrieb und deutet ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren an. Figure 3 shows a schematic sectional view of the Vorrich ¬ tung in operation and implies an inventive method.
Figur 4 deutet anhand einer schematischen Ansicht Verfahrensschritte des Verfahrens an. FIG. 4 indicates, with reference to a schematic view, method steps of the method.
Figur 5 zeigt ein schematisches Flussdiagramm von Verfahrensschritten des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. FIG. 5 shows a schematic flow diagram of method steps of the method according to the invention.
In den Ausführungsbeispielen und Figuren können gleiche oder gleich wirkende Elemente jeweils mit den gleichen Bezugszei¬ chen versehen sein. Die dargestellten Elemente und deren Größenverhältnisse untereinander sind grundsätzlich nicht als maßstabsgerecht anzusehen, vielmehr können einzelne Elemente, zur besseren Darstellbarkeit und/oder zum besseren Verständnis übertrieben dick oder groß dimensioniert dargestellt sein . In the exemplary embodiments and figures, identical or similar elements in each case with the same Bezugszei ¬ surfaces may be provided. The illustrated elements and their proportions with each other are basically not to be regarded as true to scale, but individual elements, for better representation and / or better understanding exaggerated be shown thick or large.
Figur 1 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Vorrichtung 100. Die Vorrichtung 100 ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen für den Einsatz in einer Anlage für die pulverbettbasierte additive Herstellung, vorzugsweise durch selektives Laserschmelzen (SLM) . Die Vorrichtung 100 weist eine Grundplatte 1 auf. Die Grundplatte ist zweckmäßigerweise eine Grundplatte für die additive Herstellung von metallischen Bauteilen, insbesondere Turbinenkomponenten . Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a device 100. The device 100 is preferably provided for the Use in a plant for powder-bed-based additive production, preferably by selective laser melting (SLM). The device 100 has a base plate 1. The base plate is expediently a base plate for the additive production of metallic components, in particular turbine components.
Bei der Grundplatte 1 kann es sich um eine einer Bauplattform einer konventionellen additiven Herstellungsanlage ähnlichen Bauplattform handeln, beispielsweise um eine stählerne und/oder verzugsarme Grundplatte. The base plate 1 may be a construction platform similar to a construction platform of a conventional additive manufacturing installation, for example a steel base plate and / or low-distortion base plate.
Die Grundplatte 1 weist eine quadratische oder rechteckige Hauptoberfläche auf. Die Vorrichtung 100 weist weiterhin eine Mehrzahl von Halteeinrichtungen 2 auf. An der genannten Oberfläche sind beispielhaft vier Halteeinrichtungen 2 angeordnet bzw. befestigt. The base plate 1 has a square or rectangular main surface. The device 100 furthermore has a plurality of holding devices 2. Four retaining devices 2 are arranged or fastened by way of example on the surface mentioned.
Die Halteeinrichtungen 2 sind vorgesehen, um beispielsweise zu reparierende oder instand zu setzende, insbesondere ver¬ schlissene Bauteile, über die Halteeinrichtungen 2 relativ zu der Grundplatte 1 zu fixieren. The holder devices 2 are provided, for example in order to be repaired or refurbished to be set, in particular ver ¬ schlissene components on the support means 2 relative to the base 1 to fix.
Die Halteeinrichtungen 2 weisen jeweils Spanneinrichtungen 4 auf, insbesondere Spannbacken, um einen zu fixierende Kompo¬ nente oder ein entsprechendes Bauteil einzuspannen, und so zu fixieren . The holding devices 2 each have clamping devices 4, in particular clamping jaws to clamp a fixated ¬ compo nent or a corresponding component, and to fix it that way.
Die Halteeinrichtungen 2 sind weiterhin unabhängig voneinan- der höhenverstellbar ausgebildet (vergleiche Figur 2), um die Bauteile für die pulverbettbasierte additive Herstellung in der Vorrichtung 100 im Pulverbett auf demselben Level oder derselben Höhe entlang einer Aufbaurichtung (vertikale Z- Richtung) zu justieren. Dies kann erforderlich sein, um das additive Verfahren, insbesondere die Pulverbeschichtung zweckmäßig durchzuführen. Figur 2 zeigt zumindest einen Teil der Vorrichtung 100 in einer vergrößerten Darstellung. Insbesondere ist in Figur 2 weiterhin eine Führung 6 der Vorrichtung 100 gezeigt. Die Führung 6 ist vorzugsweise durch eine Bohrung oder Öffnung der Grundplatte 1 durchgeführt und mit der Halteeinrichtung 2 verbunden. Weiterhin sind in einer vergrößerten Ansicht die oben beschriebenen Spannbacken 4 gezeigt. Pro Halteeinrichtung 2 sind vorzugsweise zwei Spannbacken oder ein Spannba¬ ckenpaar vorgesehen. Halte- oder Fixierungsflächen der Spann- backen können tannenbaumartig ausgestaltet sein um einenThe holding devices 2 are furthermore designed to be height-adjustable independently of one another (compare FIG. 2) in order to adjust the components for the powder-bed-based additive production in the device 100 in the powder bed at the same level or the same height along a mounting direction (vertical Z direction). This may be necessary to suitably carry out the additive process, in particular the powder coating. FIG. 2 shows at least part of the device 100 in an enlarged view. In particular, a guide 6 of the device 100 is further shown in FIG. The guide 6 is preferably carried out through a bore or opening of the base plate 1 and connected to the holding device 2. Furthermore, the clamping jaws 4 described above are shown in an enlarged view. Per holding device 2, two clamping jaws or a Spannba ¬ pair of blocks are preferably provided. Holding or fixing surfaces of the clamping jaws can be configured like a Christmas tree around one
Schaufelfuß, vorzugsweise einer Turbinenlaufschaufel, zweck¬ mäßig zu greifen und zu fixieren. Shovel foot, preferably a turbine blade, purpose ¬ tionally to grab and fix.
Vorzugsweise ist mindestens eine der Spannbacken jeder Halte- einrichtung 2 beweglich, um das Bauteil (in Figur 2 nicht explizit gezeigt) zu fixieren. Vorliegend ist durch den hori¬ zontalen Pfeil der rechten Spannbacke in Figur 2 angedeutet, dass diese beispielsweise zur Fixierung des Bauteils 10 gegen die linke Spannbacke gepresst werden kann. Dies kann durch dem Fachmann bekannte Maßnahmen erfolgen. Preferably, at least one of the clamping jaws of each holding device 2 is movable in order to fix the component (not explicitly shown in FIG. 2). In the present case is indicated by the hori zontal ¬ arrow of the right jaw in Figure 2 that this can be pressed, for example, for fixing the component 10 against the left jaw. This can be done by measures known to those skilled in the art.
Die Vorrichtung 100 weist weiterhin einen Träger 7 auf. Der Träger 7 verbindet vorzugsweise die Spannbacken 4 mit der Führung 6 oder koppelt diese. The device 100 further comprises a carrier 7. The carrier 7 preferably connects the clamping jaws 4 with the guide 6 or couples them.
Die Vorrichtung 100 weist weiterhin Mittel 5 auf, um die Hal¬ teeinrichtung 2 und/oder den Träger 7 höhenverstellbar auszubilden, d.h. beispielsweise verstellbar entlang einer Aufbaurichtung (vergleiche vertikaler Pfeil auf der rechten Seite in Figur 2) . Dazu kann ein Gewinde 8 zum Einsatz kommen. The device 100 further comprises means 5 to the Hal ¬ teeinrichtung 2 and / or the carrier 7 form height adjustable, ie, for example adjustable along a mounting direction (see vertical arrow on the right side in Figure 2). For this purpose, a thread 8 can be used.
Bei dem oder den Mitteln 5 kann es sich beispielsweise um elektromechanische Mittel, wie Schrittmotoren, handeln. Wei¬ terhin kann eine Höhenverstellung der Halteeinrichtung durch hydraulische, pneumatische oder ähnliche mechanische Mittel, oder sogar Piezoelektrika bewerkstelligt werden. Die beschriebenen Mittel zur Höhenverstellung, insbesondere Schrittmotoren, sind weiterhin unterhalb der Grundplatte, al¬ so außerhalb eines Pulverraums im Betrieb der Vorrichtung 100 angeordnet. Weiterhin ist die Führung 6 gegen das Pulverbett, welches im Betrieb der Vorrichtung 100 oberhalb der Grund¬ platte 1 angeordnet ist, beispielsweise durch dem Fachmann bekannte Mittel abgedichtet. The means 5 may be, for example, electromechanical means, such as stepper motors. Wei ¬ terhin a height adjustment of the holding device by hydraulic, pneumatic or similar mechanical means, or even piezoelectric can be accomplished. The described means for height adjustment, in particular stepper motors, are furthermore arranged below the base plate, al ¬ so outside a powder space during operation of the device 100. Furthermore, the guide 6 against the powder bed, which is arranged in the operation of the device 100 above the base ¬ plate 1, for example, sealed by the skilled person known means.
Figur 3 zeigt eine schematische Schnittansicht der Vorrich- tung 100, welche in einer Anlage 200 für die additive Her¬ stellung eingesetzt wird. Die Vorrichtung 100 wird vorzugs¬ weise in einem Verfahren für die additive Herstellung (vergleiche Figur 5 weiter unten) eingesetzt. Figur 3 deutet wei¬ terhin einige Verfahrensschritte des beschriebenen Verfahrens an . Figure 3 shows a schematic sectional view of the Vorrich- processing 100 which is used in a system 200 for additive Her ¬ position. The device 100 is preferential ¬, in a process for the manufacture of additive (see Figure 5 below) was used. Figure 3 indicates wei ¬ terhin at some steps of the method described.
Beispielhaft sind drei Halteeinrichtungen 2 gezeigt, welche der Übersichtlichkeit halber über die geschweiften Klammern nummeriert sind. Jede der Halteeinrichtungen 2 fixiert oder hält ein Bauteil 100, zweckmäßigerweise über die Spannbacken, wie in den Figuren 1 und 2 beschrieben. By way of example, three holding devices 2 are shown, which are numbered via the curly brackets for the sake of clarity. Each of the holding devices 2 fixes or holds a component 100, expediently via the clamping jaws, as described in FIGS. 1 and 2.
Bei den Bauteilen handelt es sich vorzugsweise um Turbinenschaufeln, insbesondere Turbinenlaufschaufeln. Die Bauteile 10 können dementsprechend gegossene, insbesondere durch Fein- guss, wie Vakuum-Feinguss , hergestellte Bauteile 10 sein. Insbesondere sind die Bauteile 10 vorzugsweise gleichartig, insbesondere Verschleißteile für die gleiche Kraftwerks oder Industrieanlage. Die Bauteile 10 sind im Betrieb vorzugsweise einem starken Verschleiß ausgesetzt, beispielsweise durch korrosive oder mechanische Einwirkungen, weshalb sie nach be¬ stimmten Betriebsintervallen repariert oder instandgesetzt werden müssen. Dazu wird vorzugsweise eine Schaufelblattspit¬ ze mechanisch bearbeitet und Material abgetragen und dadurch eine Aufbauspitze oder Aufbaufläche 11 definiert. The components are preferably turbine blades, in particular turbine blades. The components 10 can accordingly be cast components 10, in particular produced by fine casting, such as vacuum precision casting. In particular, the components 10 are preferably similar, in particular wear parts for the same power plant or industrial plant. During operation, the components 10 are preferably exposed to heavy wear, for example due to corrosive or mechanical influences, which is why they have to be repaired or repaired after certain operating intervals. For this purpose, preferably a Schaufelblattspit ¬ ze machined and removed material, thereby defining a building tip or mounting surface 11.
Jedes der Bauteil 10 weist dementsprechend die Spitze 11 (Aufbauspitze) auf, auf der mit dem beschriebenen Verfahren in einem späteren Schritt Material aufgebaut und so das Bau¬ teil wieder in Stand gesetzt werden soll. Die Aufbauspitzen 11 der beispielhaft gezeigten Bauteile 10 sind in der Vor¬ richtung 100 auf einer unterschiedlichen Höhe (vertikale Po- sition) dargestellt. Dies liegt daran, dass die Bauteil- oder Schaufelblattlänge einer gewissen Schwankung unterliegt. Each of the component 10 accordingly has the tip 11 (construction tip), on which with the described method In a later step, material is built up and the construction part is to be repaired again. The structure of the tips 11 of the members 10 shown as an example are shown in the pre ¬ direction 100 at a different height (vertical polyvinyl sition). This is because the part or blade length is subject to some variation.
Das vorgestellte Verfahren umfasst nun das individuelle Ein¬ stellen oder Justieren der Höhen der Bauteile 10 durch die Halteeinrichtung bzw. die beschriebenen Mittel, relativ zu der Grundplatte, sodass die Aufbauspitzen 11 innerhalb eines vorbestimmten Toleranzbereichs TB angeordnet bzw. von der Grundplatte 1 beabstandet sind/werden. Der vorbestimmte Tole¬ ranzbereich TB beträgt, entlang der Aufbaurichtung gemessen, 10 bis 80ym, vorzugsweise 20 bis 30ym. The method presented now comprises individual A ¬ or adjusting the heights of the components 10 by the holding means or the means described, relative to the base plate so that the construction of the tips 11 are arranged within a predetermined tolerance range TB and spaced from the base plate 1 / become. The predetermined tol ¬ ranzbereich TB is measured along the mounting direction, 10 to 80ym, preferably 20 to 30ym.
Vorzugsweise erfolgt ein erneutes Einstellen oder Kontrollie¬ ren der Höhe oder vertikalen Position der Bauteile nach jeder in einem späteren Schritt aufgebauten oder verfestigten Preferably, a readjustment or Kontrollie ¬ ren the height or vertical position of the components after each in a later step is structured or solidified
Schicht von Aufbaumaterials , insbesondere aus der für die Schaufeln zweckmäßigen gehärteten Legierung. Layer of building material, in particular from the hardened alloy suitable for the blades.
Um die Höhe entsprechend (individuell) einstellen zu können, umfasst das Verfahren eine Höhenmessung innerhalb der Vor- richtung 100 bzw. der diese umfassenden Anlage 200, vorzugs¬ weise mittels Laserabstandsmessung, wenn die Komponenten bereits mit Pulver bedeckt sind. Die Höhenmessung kann relativ zu der Grundplatte und/oder relativ zu einer Oberfläche des Pulverbettes erfolgen. To adjust the height to adjust (individually) in accordance with, the method comprising a height measurement within the forward direction 100 or 200 this comprehensive system, preferably ¬ by means of laser distance measurement, when the components are already covered with powder. The height measurement may be relative to the baseplate and / or relative to a surface of the powder bed.
Das Einfüllen oder Bereitstellen des Pulvers 3 (Pulverbett) oder Aufbaumaterials kann dabei grundsätzlich vor oder nach dem Einstellen der Höhe oder vertikalen Position erfolgen. Insbesondere ist in Figur 3 gezeigt, dass der Aufbau mit der Nummer 1 λ (vergleiche linke Seite) derart eingestellt ist, dass das entsprechende Bauteil bzw. seine Aufbauspitze 11 in¬ nerhalb, genauer an der oberen Grenze des Toleranzbereichs, angeordnet ist. Der gezeigte Aufbau Nummer 3λ (vergleiche rechte Seite) ist höhenmäßig derart eingestellt, dass die Aufbauspitze 11 des rechten Bauteils 10 in etwa an der unte¬ ren Grenze des Toleranzbereichs TB (vergleiche Abstand A) an- geordnet ist. Lediglich der Aufbau des mittleren Bauteils (vergleiche Bezugszeichen 2λ) ist beispielsweise aufgrund seines Verschleißzustands weit außerhalb des Pulverbettes und des Toleranzbereichs TB angeordnet, sodass eine Einstellung der Position erforderlich ist. Würde diese Einstellung gemäß dem beschriebenen Verfahren nicht vorgenommen werden, würde eine Beschichtereinheit (vorliegend nicht explizit darge¬ stellt) für den additiven Aufbau gegen die Spitze des mittle¬ ren Bauteils 10 fahren und unter Umständen durch eine Kollision eine Beschädigung der Anlage 200 verursachen. The filling or provision of the powder 3 (powder bed) or building material can basically be done before or after adjusting the height or vertical position. In particular, is shown in Figure 3 that the structure with the number 1 λ (see left side) is set such that the corresponding component or its structure tip 11 in ¬ nerhalb, more specifically at the upper limit of the tolerance range, is arranged. The structure shown in point 3 λ (see right side) is adjusted in terms of height such that the construction of tip 11 of the right component 10 in approximately the unte ¬ ren limit of the tolerance range TB (see Distance A) is arranged arrival. Only the structure of the central component (see reference numeral 2 λ ) is arranged, for example due to its state of wear far outside the powder bed and the tolerance range TB, so that an adjustment of the position is required. Would not be made according to the process described this setting, a coater unit would drive (not explicitly present Darge ¬ provides) for the additive built-up against the tip of mittle ¬ ren component 10 and cause under certain circumstances by a collision damage to the plant 200th
Vorzugsweise wird die Position derart eingestellt bzw. der Toleranzbereich TB derart gewählt, dass er einer vorbestimmten Schichtdicke D des aufzubringenden Pulvers entspricht. Durch diese Ausgestaltung kann eben die oben beschriebene Be- Schädigung der Anlage und gleichzeitig aber ein verlässlicher Materialaufbau auf den Aufbauspitzen 11 oder entsprechenden Aufbauflächen gewährleistet werden. Preferably, the position is set in such a way or the tolerance range TB is selected such that it corresponds to a predetermined layer thickness D of the powder to be applied. By virtue of this configuration, it is precisely the damage to the installation described above and, at the same time, reliable construction of the material on the construction tips 11 or corresponding construction areas that can be ensured.
Figur 4 zeigt Teile der in Figur 3 dargestellten Vorrichtung 100 beziehungsweise Anlage 200, wobei, mithilfe des beschrie¬ benen Verfahrens, eine Höhe oder vertikale Position des „Auf¬ baus", umfassend das mittlere Halteelement 2 samt fixiertem Bauteil 10, korrigiert, beziehungsweise derart eingestellt wird, dass die entsprechende Aufbauspitze 11 bezüglich seiner Höhe oder seines Abstands zu der Bauplatte 1 innerhalb des Toleranzbereichs TB liegt. Figure 4 shows parts of the apparatus shown in Figure 3 100 and system 200, where, using the beschrie ¬ surrounded method, a height or vertical position of the "on ¬ construction", comprising the central holding member 2 together with the fixed member 10, corrected, or such is set, that the corresponding mounting tip 11 with respect to its height or its distance from the building board 1 is within the tolerance range TB.
Figur 5 zeigt ein schematisches Flussdiagramm von erfindungs¬ gemäßen Verfahrensschritten. Das Verfahren ist - wie oben be- schrieben - ein Verfahren für den pulverbettbasierten, additiven Aufbau einer Mehrzahl der beschriebenen Bauteile. Das Verfahren kann gemäß Verfahrensschritte a) das Abtragen von Material in einem Verschleißbereich der Bauteile umfassen, insbesondere derart, dass auf diese Art eine Aufbauspit¬ ze 11 der Bauteile definiert wird. FIG. 5 shows a schematic flow diagram of method steps according to the invention. As described above, the method is a method for the powder-bed-based, additive construction of a majority of the components described. According to method steps a), the method may comprise the removal of material in a wear region of the components, in particular in such a way that an assembly recess 11 of the components is defined in this way.
Weiterhin umfasst das Verfahren gemäß Verfahrensschritte b) das Fixieren jedes der Bauteile 10 auf einer Grundplatte 1 mittels einer Halteeinrichtung 2. Gemäß Verfahrensschritte c) umfasst das Verfahren das Messen eines Abstandes jeder Aufbauspitze 11 der Bauteile 10 relativ zu der Grundplatte 1 während des eigentlichen additiven Auf¬ baus (vergleiche Verfahrensschritt f) weiter unten) . Gemäß Verfahrensschritte d) umfasst das Verfahren das Ein¬ stellen einer vertikalen Position zumindest einiger der fixierten Bauteile 10 relativ zu der Grundplatte 1, sodass eine Aufbauspitze 11 jedes Bauteils 10 innerhalb eines vorbestimm¬ ten Toleranzbereichs TB von der Grundplatte 1 beabstandet ist. Furthermore, the method according to method steps b) comprises fixing each of the components 10 on a base plate 1 by means of a holding device 2. According to method steps c), the method comprises measuring a distance of each assembly tip 11 of the components 10 relative to the base plate 1 during the actual additive up ¬ construction (see step f) below). In accordance with process steps d), the method comprises a ¬ represent a vertical position of at least some of the fixed parts 10 relative to the base plate 1, so that a structure tip 11 of each member 10 is spaced within a vorbestimm ¬ th tolerance range TB of the base plate. 1
Gemäß Verfahrensschritte e) umfasst das Verfahren das Bereit¬ stellen eines Pulverbettes 3 des Aufbaumaterials auf der Grundplatte 1 bis zu einer Höhe des Toleranzbereich TB. According to method steps e), the method comprises providing a powder bed 3 of the building material on the base plate 1 up to a height of the tolerance range TB.
Der Pfeil im Flussdiagramm der Figur 5 deutet an, dass dieser Verfahrensschritt (Bereitstellen) vor oder nach dem Schritt des Einstellens (Verfahrensschritte d) ) durchgeführt werden kann, sodass die Reihenfolge der Schritte d) und e) ver- tauscht werden kann. The arrow in the flowchart of FIG. 5 indicates that this method step (provision) can be carried out before or after the setting step (method step d)), so that the sequence of steps d) and e) can be interchanged.
Gemäß Verfahrensschritt f) umfasst das Verfahren das According to method step f), the method comprises
schichtweises additive Aufbauen von Material jeweils auf der Aufbauspitze 11, insbesondere um einen verschlissenen Bereich der Bauteile 10 (vgl. Aufbauspitze 11) additiv wiederherzu¬ stellen oder instandzusetzen. Anstatt, wie oben beschrieben, den gesamten Pulverraum (nicht explizit gekennzeichnet) mit Pulver zu füllen oder ein voll¬ ständiges Pulverbett bereitzustellen, kann ebenfalls vorgese¬ hen sein, lediglich eine Zarge oder Dichtschablone um jedes der einzelnen aufzubauenden Bauteile oder Schaufelblattspitzen zu legen oder anzuordnen, damit nicht der gesamte Bauraum mit Pulver gefüllt, und Aufbaumaterials eingespart werden kann. Solche Komponenten können beispielsweise mithilfe einer Silikondichtung um die Bauteile 10 oder Halteeinrichtungen 2 herum mit der Grundplatte 1 verbunden werden. additively wiederherzu provide ¬ layerwise additive build-up of material on each of the tip 11 structure, in particular a worn area of the components 10 (see FIG. 11 structure peak) or repaired. Instead, as described above, to fill the entire powder space (not explicitly marked) with powder or to provide a fully ¬ constant powder bed, can also be vorgese ¬ hen to place or arrange only a frame or sealing template to each of the individual to be built components or blade tips so that the entire space can not be filled with powder, and building materials can be saved. Such components may, for example, be connected to the base plate 1 by means of a silicone gasket around the components 10 or holding devices 2.
Die Erfindung ist nicht durch die Beschreibung anhand der Ausführungsbeispiele auf diese beschränkt, sondern umfasst jedes neue Merkmal sowie jede Kombination von Merkmalen. Dies beinhaltet insbesondere jede Kombination von Merkmalen in den Patentansprüchen, auch wenn dieses Merkmal oder diese Kombination selbst nicht explizit in den Patentansprüchen oder Ausführungsbeispielen angegeben ist. The invention is not limited by the description based on the embodiments of these, but includes each new feature and any combination of features. This includes in particular any combination of features in the patent claims, even if this feature or combination itself is not explicitly stated in the patent claims or exemplary embodiments.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102017201994.8A DE102017201994A1 (en) | 2017-02-08 | 2017-02-08 | Method and apparatus for the powder bed-based additive construction of a plurality of similar components |
PCT/EP2018/051853 WO2018145912A1 (en) | 2017-02-08 | 2018-01-25 | Method and device for the powder bed-based additive building up of a plurality of identical components |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN110382140B (en) | 2022-05-03 |
US20190358755A1 (en) | 2019-11-28 |
DE102017201994A1 (en) | 2018-08-09 |
CN110382140A (en) | 2019-10-25 |
WO2018145912A1 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
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