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EP3553242B1 - Construction element such as a brick, breeze-block or stone block, and corner unit comprising at least one such stack - Google Patents

Construction element such as a brick, breeze-block or stone block, and corner unit comprising at least one such stack Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3553242B1
EP3553242B1 EP19167687.3A EP19167687A EP3553242B1 EP 3553242 B1 EP3553242 B1 EP 3553242B1 EP 19167687 A EP19167687 A EP 19167687A EP 3553242 B1 EP3553242 B1 EP 3553242B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
construction
wall
construction element
orifice
longitudinal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19167687.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3553242A1 (en
Inventor
Sébastien Collard
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to EP21176731.4A priority Critical patent/EP3904616A1/en
Priority to PL19167687T priority patent/PL3553242T3/en
Publication of EP3553242A1 publication Critical patent/EP3553242A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3553242B1 publication Critical patent/EP3553242B1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/24—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element the walls being characterised by fillings in some of the cavities forming load-bearing pillars or beams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/072—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of specially adapted, structured or shaped covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/073—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of specially adapted, structured or shaped covering or lining elements for particular building parts, e.g. corners or columns
    • E04F13/0733—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of specially adapted, structured or shaped covering or lining elements for particular building parts, e.g. corners or columns for corners
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0875—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
    • E04F13/142—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass with an outer layer of ceramics or clays
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0263—Building elements for making angled walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of construction.
  • the invention relates more particularly to building elements stacked vertically and intended to form an integral part of a wall so as to consolidate the latter.
  • Such a stack can also form an integral part of the wall section and be for example positioned along a window opening to support a lintel.
  • DE2631561A1 discloses a building element according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention aims in the first place to facilitate the stacking of construction elements for the erection of a solid structure while offering a satisfactory aesthetic appearance.
  • the invention also aims to facilitate the laying of a coating on the construction elements constituting the wall or sections.
  • the invention also aims to facilitate the control of the thickness of the plaster to be laid on the construction elements constituting the wall section (s).
  • the building element of the invention is of the brick, breeze-block or stone block type and has the characteristics of claim 1.
  • a chain formed for example by a metal frame, is then introduced into the housing, for example cylindrical or of square section resulting from the alignment of the orifices of the stacked elements, then concrete is poured into this cylindrical housing.
  • the invention further relates to a set of two adjacent walls comprising two sections of walls each formed by a stack of unitary construction pieces of the brick, block or cinder block type, extending respectively in two perpendicular planes and the corner of which is formed by a vertical stack composed of a plurality of construction elements as described above, the transverse orifices of the elements being aligned to form a recess, for example cylindrical or of square section over the entire height of the stack.
  • the construction of a wall 19, 20 requires at least two types of construction elements.
  • the first type 23, which represents the majority of the construction elements of the wall, are unitary construction parts 23 of the brick type with an alveolar structure, solid block of concrete or natural or composite stone, or even of the breeze block type.
  • These unit parts 23, generally in the form of a paving stone rectangular, are stacked according to known masonry techniques to form the side of the wall 21, 22, in particular the thin-joint masonry technique using rectified unit parts 23.
  • these unit parts will be referred to as conventional bricks 23 for the sake of clarity of the description.
  • the dimensions of these classic bricks, known and widely used in the field of building and public works, are between two hundred and forty-eight and six hundred millimeters inclusive for their length, between one hundred and fifty and four hundred and twenty millimeters inclusive for their width. 1, and between one hundred and ninety and three hundred millimeters, preferably two hundred and forty-nine millimeters for their height.
  • the height for this conventional brick 23 is called the component extending vertically when said brick 23 is integrated into the wall section 21, 22.
  • the dimensions of the conventional bricks 23 are not limited to five hundred millimeters for their length, two hundred millimeters for their width l, and two hundred and forty-nine millimeters for their height.
  • the mechanical resistance to compression of such a conventional brick is of the order of 9 N / mm 2 , and the thermal resistance of the order of 1.7 m 2 .K / W.
  • the wall 19, 20 comprises a second type of construction elements 1a, 1b, 1c stacked at least over part of the height of the wall 19, 20, each vertical stack 17a, 17b, 17c, 18 of the wall 19, 20 having the function of consolidating it.
  • each stack 17a, 17b, 17c, 18 of elements 1a, 1b, 1c according to the second type is suitable for integrating a chaining in a recess made in said stack 17a - 17c, 18, this chaining generally consisting of one or more metal frames. The chaining will subsequently be taken in a binder poured into the recess, typically concrete.
  • linking elements 1a - 1c may be of the brick, concrete or natural or composite stone block type, or else of the concrete block type.
  • a vertical stack formed of chaining elements can form the corner of two adjacent walls, or even form at least one vertical border of a door or window opening formed in the section of wall considered in order to support the lintel overhanging the bay in question.
  • a bay is an opening made in the section of wall considered and in which a door or a window is intended to be housed there.
  • the chaining element 1a of the invention has in section the general shape of a right quadrilateral.
  • the linking element 1a preferably has the general shape of a straight paving stone, and more preferably the general shape of a rectangular paving stone. It in fact comprises first 2 and second 3a transverse side faces and first 4a and second 5a longitudinal side faces.
  • the chaining element 1a also comprises two faces, respectively lower (not shown) and upper 16a, which extend substantially perpendicular to the side faces 2 - 5.
  • the faces upper 16a and lower of one of the linking elements 1a are in contact respectively with the lower face of the element 1a above and with the upper face 16a of the element 1a below.
  • the height of the chaining element 1a is identical to the height of the conventional bricks 23, which allows a harmonious integration of the chaining elements in the wall in question 19, 20, from the point of view of mechanical stability and aesthetics .
  • the mechanical resistance to compression of the chaining element is also of the order of 9 N / mm 2 .
  • the length of the linking element 1a is substantially identical to the length of the conventional brick 23.
  • the faces 2, 3a, 4a, 5a, 16 of the linking elements 1a are rectified.
  • these faces have been ground with great precision, so that the angles of the vertices and edges of the chaining element are very close to a value of 90 °, ideally as close as the precision of the tools allows. face grinding mechanics.
  • the upper and lower faces are parallel, and the side faces 2, 3a, 4a, 5a are parallel two by two.
  • the conventional bricks 23 are also rectified.
  • the construction of the wall 19, 20, including the construction of the section of wall 21, 22 and the construction of the vertical stack 17a is a much simpler and faster operation, since the control of parallelism between two superimposed linking elements 1a, two conventional bricks 23 adjacent or superimposed, and / or a conventional brick 23 and an adjacent linking element 1a is simplified.
  • the use of rectified chaining elements 1a and of conventional rectified bricks 23 allows the implementation of the so-called thin joint masonry technique, such a joint having during its application a thickness of the order of one to three millimeters. The use of such a technique allows the automatic obtaining of plumb and thus avoids the subsequent operations of checking the correct plumb of the wall during construction.
  • rectified linking elements 1a Another advantage residing in the use of rectified linking elements 1a is the possibility of adapting such elements 1a to any conventional rectified bricks 23, whatever the dimensions of length and width of said conventional brick 23. rectified, provided that the respective heights of the rectified linking elements 1a and of the conventional rectified bricks 23 are identical.
  • the chaining element 1a comprises a through hole 6 between the lower face and the upper face 16a, the X axis of the through hole 6 being furthermore parallel to respective planes in which the side faces 2 - 5a extend. of item 1a.
  • this through orifice 6 is intended to receive the vertical chaining. Indeed, following the vertical stack 17a of a plurality of chaining elements 2a, all of the orifices passing through 6 of said elements 1a are all aligned to form a recess, for example cylindrical or of square section, extending all along the vertical stack 17a. The chaining is then integrated into this recess, then the cement or concrete type binder is poured into this recess comprising the chaining.
  • the width L of the linking element 1a is between two hundred and sixty and two hundred and four twenty-ten millimeters, and is preferably of the order of two hundred and eighty millimeters.
  • the width L of the linking element 1a is between two hundred and ten and two hundred and forty. five millimeters, preferably of the order of two hundred and thirty-five millimeters.
  • the through-hole 6 is for its part offset with respect to the two respectively longitudinal 7 and transverse median 8 axes of the chain element considered 1a.
  • a first longitudinal distance D 1L between the first transverse lateral face 2 and the X axis of the through-hole 6 is equal to a first transverse distance D 1T between the first longitudinal face 4a and the X axis of the through hole 6.
  • the through orifice of the chaining element is offset only with respect to the median transverse axis of said chaining element, the through orifice being in fact centered on the longitudinal axis.
  • the first longitudinal distance is equal to the first transverse distance, and is furthermore equal to a second transverse distance between the axis of the through-hole and the second longitudinal face of the chaining element.
  • the through orifice is centered both on the two respectively longitudinal and transverse median axes of said chaining element.
  • the second transverse distance D 2T separating the second longitudinal lateral face 5a from the axis X of the through-hole 6, is therefore less than the first transverse distance D 1T because of the offset of the through-hole 6 relative to the 'Longitudinal axis 7.
  • the through-hole 6 is offset with respect to the longitudinal axis 7 by a distance d, the value of which is between three and fifteen percent of the width L of the chaining element 1a.
  • each chaining element 1a of the stack 17a is offset with respect to the longitudinal axis 7 of the element considered by a distance d, the value of which is expressed according to the formula (LI) / 2, l being the width of conventional brick 23.
  • the longitudinal planes 24, 25 of the two wall sections 20, 21 intersect at the level of the X axis of the stack. the recess of the vertical stack 17a. In this way, the second longitudinal lateral face 5a of each linking element 1a is in the same plane as the surface of the wall section in question 21, 22.
  • the misalignment of the through-hole 6 with respect to the median transverse axis 8 makes it possible to produce a vertical stack 17a of chaining element 1a as a satchel when this stack forms the corner of the two walls 19, 20.
  • This stack as a satchel 17a, visible on the figure 1b and especially on the figure 1c is made so that the longitudinal axes 7 of the stacked elements 1a are oriented alternately in the plane 24, 25 of one and the other of the wall sections 21, 22.
  • the first face longitudinal side 4a of one of the elements 1a of the stack 17a extends in the same plane as the respective first transverse side faces 2 of the two adjacent linking elements 1a, which ensures the mechanical stability and the aesthetics of the vertical stacking 17a.
  • this protrusion is between ten and forty-five millimeters, and is even more preferably of the order of thirty millimeters.
  • the second longitudinal lateral face 5a of each element 1a is located in the plane of the surface of the wall section in question 21, 22.
  • the second longitudinal lateral face 5a of each chaining element 1a is intended to be at least partly oriented inside said building.
  • the shoulders 26a resulting from the offsets between the sections of the walls in question 21, 22 and the first respectively longitudinal 4a and transverse 2 faces of each chaining element 1a form a plurality of plaster stops 26a, facilitating the laying of the plaster on the conventional bricks 23 without spilling over onto the linking elements 1a which play an important aesthetic role, in particular when the stack 17a is made as a satchel.
  • These shoulders 26a thus avoid the use of additional tools serving to carry out a clean plaster application, such tools being for example removable or non-removable plaster corner strips, playing the role of stopper stops. coated.
  • these shoulders 26a all have the same depth.
  • the ridge 15a connecting the first longitudinal lateral face 4a and the second transverse lateral face 3a, as well as the ridge 14 connecting the first transverse lateral face 2 and the second longitudinal lateral face 5a are chamfered, preferably over a width of the order of fifteen millimeters.
  • the chamfered edges 14, 15a make it possible to control the thickness of the coating to be spread on the wall sections 21, 22.
  • the coating is affixed in thickness on the wall section considered 21 , 22 up to the edge of the chamfered edge considered 14, 15a of the chaining element considered 1a.
  • the width L of the chaining element 1a of the invention is equivalent to the sum of the width l of the conventional brick 23, the thickness of the coating and the depth of the chamfer 14, 15a.
  • the thickness of the coating is of the order of five to twenty millimeters, preferably fifteen millimeters, and the depth of the chamfer of the order of five to twenty millimeters.
  • the edge 13 connecting the first longitudinal 4a and transverse 2 side faces is also chamfered.
  • the vertical stack 18 can also be produced at the edge of the bay 29, 30.
  • all the elements 1a are stacked on top of each other while being all oriented in the same direction, c 'that is to say so that their respective longitudinal axes 7 are oriented in the plane of the corresponding wall section 21.
  • the chaining element 1a ' can have the general shape of a cubic block or any other suitable shape.
  • the other technical characteristics relating to the first variant 1a of the first embodiment are also included in this second variant 1a '.
  • a facing plate 27 having a thickness identical to the depth of the shoulders forming the plaster stops 26a.
  • the chaining element 1b comprises a first recess 9 formed in a wall of the element at the level of the first longitudinal lateral face 4b.
  • this disbursement 9 is made at least in part in a first portion 10b of the element which is opposite, with respect to the median transverse axis 8, to a second portion 11 of the element 1b comprising the through orifice. 6.
  • the second portion 11 of the chaining element 1b has a generally cubic shape.
  • the first portion 9 of the chaining element 1b has a width l equivalent to that of conventional bricks 23.
  • the lateral face 17 of this first portion 9 is in the same plane as the rest of the wall section considered 21, 22.
  • the shoulder 26b generated by this recess 9 then forms the plaster stop 26b, and has the same characteristics and advantages as the shoulder 26a described above.
  • the plaster 28 placed on the wall section in question 21, 22 therefore covers, in the context of this second embodiment of the element 1b, the lateral face 17 of the first recessed portion 9 of the chaining element 1b, as seen on the figure 2c .
  • This particular configuration thus makes it possible to obtain plaster stops 26b vertically aligned when the chaining elements 1b are stacked in saddlebags, which further facilitates the installation of the plaster 28.
  • this configuration of the vertical stack 17b has a different aesthetic compared to the vertical stack 17a.
  • the ridge 15b connecting the transverse lateral face 4b of the second portion 11, the shoulder 26b is chamfered to ensure, beyond its aesthetic role, optimal control of the thickness of coating 28 to be placed on the panel. of wall considered 21, 22.
  • the ridge 13 connecting the first transverse lateral face 2 to the first longitudinal lateral face 4b and the ridge 14 connecting the first transverse side face 2 to the second longitudinal side face 5b are also chamfered.
  • the chaining element 1c comprises the same characteristics as the chaining element of the second embodiment 1b, and further comprises a second disbursement 12 provided to a depth of the order of twenty to thirty. millimeters in a wall at the level of the second longitudinal lateral face 5c and in the same first portion 9c of the chaining element 1c.
  • the second portion 11 comprising the through orifice 6 of the chaining element 1c according to the third embodiment is preferably cubic.
  • the offset of the orifice 6 is identical to that of the orifices 6 of the respective chaining elements 1a, 1b of the first and second embodiments.
  • This third embodiment is of particular interest when the walls 19, 20 integrating the linking elements 1c are the walls of a construction of the closed building type.
  • the second disbursement 12 of each element of chaining 1c of a vertical stack 17c forming the corner of two walls 19, 20 ( figure 3b ) is intended for display inside the building.
  • the thermal resistance of the linking elements 1a - 1c of the invention is of the order of 0.55 M 2 .K / W, which is lower than the thermal resistance of conventional bricks 23.
  • a plate of rigid thermal insulation for example cork or polystyrene and whose height and width are identical to those of the second disbursement 12, is then introduced into each second disbursement 12 of the stack vertical considered 17c, to improve the comfort and thermal performance of the element 1c and of the building.
  • each insulating plate is identical to the depth of the second considered recess 12, so that the face of the insulating plate is in the same plane as the inner surface of the considered wall section 21, 22. This will subsequently facilitate the installation of the interior coating on the walls 19, 20, and will prevent the creation of any roughness on the surface of this interior coating.
  • the first variant of the chain element 1d of the second embodiment is identical to the description given above of the chain element 1b except in two points described below.
  • the chaining element 1d is cellular and for this purpose comprises through cells 31 located in the first portion 10b, and through cells 32 formed between the longitudinal side faces 4b and transverse 2, and the orifice 6.
  • These cells 31, 32 can be advantageously filled with insulating material making it possible to correct the thermal bridge induced by the concrete post cast in the cylindrical housing or of square section, also called vertical chaining, formed by the stack of through holes 6.
  • the cells 32 as shown on the figure 4 break down the chain element 1d into two parts: a main part 33 in the general shape of a straight block of width l for example of 200 millimeters and comprising the through-hole 6 and the associated cells 31, and a projecting part 34 defined by two perpendicular walls 34 ', 34 "having the same width L of between 210 and 245 millimeters, preferably 235 millimeters, and the outer faces of which form the longitudinal 4b and transverse 2 side faces of the element 1d.
  • the projecting part 34 has a height H1 less than the height H of about 250 millimeters of the main part 33, freeing up a greater height i.
  • the same lower height i is also released.
  • the lower and upper released heights i are each between 6 and 10 millimeters, preferably 8 millimeters, making it possible to achieve a joint of height between 12 and 20 millimeters, preferably 16 millimeters, between two adjacent stacked 1d elements l ' one on top of the other by facilitating the implementation of the vertical stacking of 1d elements.
  • the second variant of the chain element 1e of the second embodiment is identical to the first variant of the figure 4 , except in that the projecting part 34a is an independent part of the main part 33 which is attached by joining, for example by gluing, on two adjacent walls of the main part 33 on the side of the orifice 6.
  • the projecting part 34a is defined by two perpendicular walls 34a ', 34a ".
  • This variant is particularly advantageous because of the use, for the main part 33, of a standard unitary piece of brick or block type with a width l of approximately 200 millimeters in length. same type as conventional bricks 23 ( figure 1c ) composing the wall 19,20.
  • the longitudinal side faces 4ba and transverse 2 of the element 1e identified as the perpendicular walls 34a ', 34a "of the projecting part 34a have the same width L of between 210 and 245 millimeters for a width l of the main part d 'approximately 200 millimeters.
  • the height H1 of the projecting part 34a is less than the height H of the main part 33.
  • the third variant of the chain element 1f of the second embodiment is identical to the second variant of the figure 5 , except in that the longitudinal side face 4bb (or wall 34b ") of the added projecting part 34b has a width L1 greater than the width L of its transverse side face 2 (or wall 34b ') for reasons which will be explained in more detail.
  • the width L1 is about 420 millimeters.
  • the elements 1e, 1f of the second and third variant of the second embodiment comprise cells 31 in the main part 33 and cells 32 in the protruding part 34a, 34b, or more precisely between the wall making up the protruding part 34a, 34b and the external face of the main part 33 located opposite said wall.
  • these cells 32 can be advantageously filled with insulating material 32a of cork, polystyrene, mineral foam or any other insulating material known to those skilled in the art.
  • the figures 9 and 10 illustrate a partial set of two adjacent walls 19, 20 comprising two sections of walls each formed by a stack of unitary construction pieces 23,33 of the brick, block or honeycomb type extending respectively in two perpendicular planes and the corner of which is formed by a vertical stack 17 composed for the figure 9 a plurality of construction elements 1e of the second variant of the second embodiment, arranged perpendicularly one above the other and aligned to form a recess, for example cylindrical or of square section, over the entire height of the 'stacking, thus forming a chain of right angles, and for the figure 10 a plurality of construction elements 1f of the third variant of the second embodiment arranged perpendicularly one above the other and aligned to form a cylindrical recess or of square section, over the entire height of the stack, in thus forming a harped angle chain. It is also depicted on the figure 10 part of the plaster 28 affixed against one of the wall sections.
  • the chaining element of the invention can only comprise the second disbursement 12.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention s'inscrit dans le domaine du bâtiment.The invention relates to the field of construction.

L'invention porte plus particulièrement sur des éléments de construction empilés verticalement et destinés à faire partie intégrante d'un mur de manière à consolider ce dernier.The invention relates more particularly to building elements stacked vertically and intended to form an integral part of a wall so as to consolidate the latter.

Art antérieurPrior art

En vue de l'édification d'un mur, et plus particulièrement d'un mur porteur d'une construction, il est nécessaire d'intégrer une structure de consolidation pour renforcer la tenue mécanique dudit mur et empêcher son affaissement ou écroulement.With a view to building a wall, and more particularly a wall supporting a construction, it is necessary to integrate a consolidation structure to reinforce the mechanical strength of said wall and to prevent it from sagging or collapsing.

Il est notamment connu des éléments de construction dits éléments d'angle, du type brique, parpaing ou bloc de pierre naturelle ou composite, ayant une forme générale de pavé droit et destinés à être empilés les uns sur les autres à l'encoignure de deux murs à construire dans le but de consolider la structure formée par ces deux murs. Un tel empilement peut également faire partie intégrante du pan de mur et être par exemple positionné le long d'une baie de fenêtre pour supporter un linteau. DE2631561A1 divulgue un élément de construction selon le préambule de la revendication 1.Construction elements called corner elements, of the brick, concrete block or block of natural or composite stone type, having the general shape of a straight paving stone and intended to be stacked on top of each other at the corner of two walls to be built in order to consolidate the structure formed by these two walls. Such a stack can also form an integral part of the wall section and be for example positioned along a window opening to support a lintel. DE2631561A1 discloses a building element according to the preamble of claim 1.

Inconvénients de l'art antérieurDisadvantages of the prior art

Pour consolider la structure de manière optimale, les éléments de construction doivent être parfaitement alignés les uns par rapport aux autres, ce qui représente des opérations de mise en place et de vérification fastidieuses et couteuses. En outre, suite à l'édification des murs de la construction dans lesquels les éléments de construction sont intégrés, il est la plupart du temps nécessaire d'appliquer au moins une couche d'enduit de protection. La pose de cet enduit est également fastidieuse et nécessite l'utilisation d'outils appropriés, ce dont il résulte que cette opération est difficile et coûteuse.To consolidate the structure optimally, the construction elements must be perfectly aligned with each other, which represents tedious and expensive installation and verification operations. In addition, following the erection of the walls of the building in which the building elements are integrated, it is most of the time necessary to apply at least one layer of protective plaster. The installation of this plaster is also tedious and requires the use of appropriate tools, which results in this operation being difficult and expensive.

Objectifs de l'inventionObjectives of the invention

L'invention vise en premier lieu à faciliter l'empilement des éléments de construction pour l'édification d'une structure solide tout en offrant un aspect esthétique satisfaisant.The invention aims in the first place to facilitate the stacking of construction elements for the erection of a solid structure while offering a satisfactory aesthetic appearance.

L'invention vise en outre à faciliter la pose d'un enduit sur les éléments de construction constituant le ou les pans de murs.The invention also aims to facilitate the laying of a coating on the construction elements constituting the wall or sections.

L'invention vise également à faciliter le contrôle de l'épaisseur d'enduit à poser sur les éléments de construction constituant le ou les pans de murs.The invention also aims to facilitate the control of the thickness of the plaster to be laid on the construction elements constituting the wall section (s).

Exposé de l'inventionDisclosure of the invention

À cet effet, l'élément de construction de l'invention est du type brique, parpaing ou bloc de pierre et présente les caractéristiques de la revendication 1.To this end, the building element of the invention is of the brick, breeze-block or stone block type and has the characteristics of claim 1.

Ainsi, lorsque les éléments de chaînage sont empilés les uns sur les autres, ces derniers sont positionnés de sorte que tous les orifices soient alignés verticalement. Un chainage, formé par exemple par une armature métallique, est ensuite introduite dans le logement par exemple cylindrique ou de section carré résultant de l'alignement des orifices des éléments empilés, puis du béton est coulé dans ce logement cylindrique.Thus, when the chaining elements are stacked on top of each other, the latter are positioned so that all the holes are vertically aligned. A chain, formed for example by a metal frame, is then introduced into the housing, for example cylindrical or of square section resulting from the alignment of the orifices of the stacked elements, then concrete is poured into this cylindrical housing.

L'élément de construction de l'invention peut également comporter les caractéristiques optionnelles suivantes considérées isolément ou selon toutes les combinaisons techniques possibles :

  • L'orifice traversant est désaxé par rapport aux deux axes respectivement longitudinal et transversal médian de l'élément de construction, les deux distances séparant l'axe dudit orifice traversant respectivement de deux faces latérales adjacentes de l'élément étant égales.
  • L'orifice traversant est désaxé par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de l'élément d'une valeur comprise entre trois et quinze pour cent de la largeur dudit élément de construction.
  • Selon des variantes de ce mode de réalisation, l'élément de construction comporte une partie principale présentant une forme générale de pavé droit comprenant l'orifice, et une partie saillante qui présente deux parois perpendiculaires et qui est rapportée par solidarisation contre deux faces latérales adjacentes de ladite partie principale en formant le premier décaissement.
  • Selon une première variante, les deux parois perpendiculaires de la partie saillante présentent une même largeur.
  • Selon une deuxième variante, une paroi de la partie saillante présente une largeur qui est supérieure à la largeur de l'autre paroi perpendiculaire.
  • la hauteur de la partie saillante est inférieure à la hauteur de la partie principale ce qui permet avantageusement de pouvoir ménager des espaces libres supérieurs et inférieurs de logement d'un joint entre deux éléments adjacents empilés.
  • L'élément de construction présente une pluralités d'alvéoles traversantes remplies de matériau isolant.
  • Le premier décaissement est réalisé au moins en partie dans une première portion de l'élément qui est opposée par rapport à l'axe transversal médian à une deuxième portion de l'élément comprenant l'orifice traversant.
  • L'élément de construction présente un second décaissement ménagé dans une paroi de l'élément au niveau de la face latérale longitudinale opposée et au moins en partie dans la même première portion de l'élément de construction.
  • Au moins l'une des arêtes de l'élément s'étendant parallèlement à l'axe de l'orifice traversant est chanfreinée, et préférentiellement trois des arêtes de l'élément s'étendant parallèlement à l'axe de l'orifice traversant sont chanfreinées.
  • L'élément de construction a une forme générale de pavé droit, et en ce qu'au moins ses faces supérieure et inférieure sont rectifiées, de sorte que lesdites faces sont parallèles.
  • Elément de construction (1a - 1f) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ses longueur, largeur et hauteur sont respectivement de l'ordre de cinq cents millimètres, deux cent millimètres et deux cent quarante-neuf millimètres, et en ce qu'il présente une résistance mécanique à la compression de l'ordre de 9 N/mm2.
The construction element of the invention can also include the following optional characteristics considered in isolation or according to all the possible technical combinations:
  • The through orifice is offset with respect to the two respectively longitudinal and transverse median axes of the construction element, the two distances separating the axis of said through orifice respectively from two adjacent lateral faces of the element being equal.
  • The through-hole is offset from the longitudinal axis of the element by an amount between three and fifteen percent of the width of said construction element.
  • According to variants of this embodiment, the construction element comprises a main part having the general shape of a straight block comprising the orifice, and a projecting part which has two perpendicular walls and which is attached by joining against two adjacent side faces. of said main part by forming the first disbursement.
  • According to a first variant, the two perpendicular walls of the projecting part have the same width.
  • According to a second variant, one wall of the projecting part has a width which is greater than the width of the other perpendicular wall.
  • the height of the projecting part is less than the height of the main part, which advantageously makes it possible to be able to provide upper and lower free spaces for housing a seal between two adjacent stacked elements.
  • The construction element has a plurality of through cells filled with insulating material.
  • The first disbursement is made at least in part in a first portion of the element which is opposite with respect to the median transverse axis to a second portion of the element comprising the through orifice.
  • The construction element has a second recess formed in a wall of the element at the level of the opposite longitudinal side face and at least partly in the same first portion of the construction element.
  • At least one of the edges of the element extending parallel to the axis of the through-hole is chamfered, and preferably three of the edges of the element extending parallel to the axis of the through-hole are chamfered.
  • The construction element has the general shape of a straight block, and in that at least its upper and lower faces are rectified, so that said faces are parallel.
  • Construction element (1a - 1f) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its length, width and height are respectively of the order of five hundred millimeters, two hundred millimeters and two hundred and forty-nine millimeters, and in that it has a mechanical resistance to compression of the order of 9 N / mm 2 .

L'invention porte en outre sur un ensemble de deux murs adjacents comprenant deux pans de murs formés chacun par un empilement de pièces unitaires de construction du type brique, bloc ou parpaing, s'étendant respectivement dans deux plans perpendiculaires et dont l'encoignure est formée par un empilement vertical composé d'une pluralité d'éléments de construction tels que décrits précédemment, les orifices transversaux des éléments étant alignés pour former un évidement par exemple cylindrique ou de section carré sur toute la hauteur de l'empilement.The invention further relates to a set of two adjacent walls comprising two sections of walls each formed by a stack of unitary construction pieces of the brick, block or cinder block type, extending respectively in two perpendicular planes and the corner of which is formed by a vertical stack composed of a plurality of construction elements as described above, the transverse orifices of the elements being aligned to form a recess, for example cylindrical or of square section over the entire height of the stack.

L'ensemble de deux murs adjacents de l'invention peut également comporter les caractéristiques optionnelles suivantes considérées isolément ou selon toutes les combinaisons techniques possibles :

  • Les éléments de construction de l'empilement vertical ont une forme générale de pavé rectangulaire et sont empilés en besace pour former l'encoignure des deux pans de murs, de sorte que les axes longitudinaux des éléments empilés soient orientés alternativement dans le plan de l'un et l'autre des pans de murs.
  • L'orifice traversant de chaque élément de construction de l'empilement vertical est désaxé par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de l'élément considéré d'une valeur s'exprimant selon la formule (L-I)/2, où L et l représentent respectivement la largeur des éléments de construction et la largeur des autres pièces unitaires de construction des pans de murs, les plans longitudinaux des deux pans de murs se croisant au niveau de l'axe de l'évidement de l'empilement vertical.
  • Les deux faces latérales adjacentes de chaque élément de construction formant la partie externe de l'encoignure dépassent au moins en partie des pans de murs respectifs d'une distance comprise entre dix et quarante-cinq millimètres.
  • Chaque pièce unitaire de construction des pans de murs présente des longueur, largeur et hauteur respectivement de l'ordre de cinq cents millimètres, deux cent millimètres et deux cent quarante-neuf millimètres, en ce que chaque pièce unitaire présente une résistance mécanique à la compression de l'ordre de 9 N/mm2.
The set of two adjacent walls of the invention can also include the following optional characteristics considered in isolation or according to all the possible technical combinations:
  • The construction elements of the vertical stack have the general shape of a rectangular paving stone and are stacked in saddlebags to form the corner of the two sections of the walls, so that the longitudinal axes of the stacked elements are oriented alternately in the plane of the wall. one and the other of the walls.
  • The through-hole of each construction element of the vertical stack is offset with respect to the longitudinal axis of the element considered by a value expressed according to the formula (LI) / 2, where L and l represent respectively the width of the construction elements and the width of the other single construction parts of the wall sections, the longitudinal planes of the two wall sections intersecting at the level of the axis of the recess of the vertical stack.
  • The two adjacent side faces of each construction element forming the outer part of the corner protrude at least in part from the respective wall sections by a distance of between ten and forty-five millimeters.
  • Each unitary piece of construction of the wall sections has length, width and height respectively of the order of five hundred millimeters, two hundred millimeters and two hundred and forty-nine millimeters, in that each unitary piece has a mechanical resistance to compression of the order of 9 N / mm 2 .

Présentation des figuresPresentation of figures

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront clairement de la description qui en est donnée ci-dessous, à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux figures annexées parmi lesquelles :

  • la figure 1a est une vue de dessus d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un élément de construction qui n'est pas conforme à l'invention, en appui par l'une de ses faces latérales longitudinales contre une pièce unitaire de construction ;
  • la figure 1b est une vue en perspective de deux murs adjacents comprenant deux pans et une encoignure formée d'un empilement vertical d'éléments de construction de la figure 1a ;
  • la figure 1c est une vue en perspective de deux murs adjacents comprenant cinq empilements d'éléments de construction de la figure 1a, parmi lesquels un empilement en besace formant encoignure, deux empilements verticaux formant bordures de baie de porte, et deux empilement verticaux formant bordures de baie de fenêtre ;
  • la figure 2a est une vue de dessus d'un élément de construction dans un deuxième mode de réalisation et conforme à l'invention ;
  • la figure 2b est une vue en perspective de deux murs adjacents comprenant deux pans et une encoignure formée d'un empilement vertical d'éléments de construction de la figure 2a ;
  • la figure 2c est une vue sous un autre angle de la figure 2b, l'un des pans de murs comprenant une plaque d'enduit ;
  • la figure 3a est une vue de dessus d'un élément de construction dans un troisième mode de réalisation et conforme à l'invention ;
  • la figure 3b une vue en perspective de deux murs adjacents comprenant deux pans et une encoignure formée d'un empilement vertical d'éléments de construction de la figure 3a ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en perspective d'un élément de construction de l'invention selon une première variante du deuxième mode de réalisation ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'un élément de construction de l'invention selon une deuxième variante du deuxième mode de réalisation ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue en perspective d'un élément de construction de l'invention selon une troisième variante du deuxième mode de réalisation ;
  • la figure 7 est une vue en perspective de la partie saillante rapportée de l'élément de construction de la figure 5 ;
  • la figure 8 est une vue en perspective de la partie saillante rapportée de l'élément de construction de la figure 6 ;
  • la figure 9 est une représentation schématique de deux éléments de construction de la figure 5 empilés pour former partiellement l'encoignure de deux pans de murs adjacents ; et
  • la figure 10 est une représentation schématique de deux pans de murs adjacents dont l'encoignure est formée par l'empilement des éléments de construction de la figure 6.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge clearly from the description which is given below, by way of indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended figures, among which:
  • the figure 1a is a top view of a first embodiment of a construction element which does not conform to the invention, resting by one of its longitudinal side faces against a unitary construction part;
  • the figure 1b is a perspective view of two adjacent walls comprising two sides and a corner formed by a vertical stack of construction elements from the figure 1a ;
  • the figure 1c is a perspective view of two adjacent walls comprising five stacks of building elements from the figure 1a , among which a saddlebag stack forming a corner, two vertical stacks forming door opening edges, and two vertical stacking forming window opening edges;
  • the figure 2a is a top view of a construction element in a second embodiment and according to the invention;
  • the figure 2b is a perspective view of two adjacent walls comprising two sides and a corner formed by a vertical stack of construction elements from the figure 2a ;
  • the figure 2c is a view from another angle of the figure 2b , one of the wall sections comprising a plaster plate;
  • the figure 3a is a top view of a construction element in a third embodiment and according to the invention;
  • the figure 3b a perspective view of two adjacent walls comprising two sides and a corner formed by a vertical stack of construction elements from the figure 3a ;
  • the figure 4 is a perspective view of a construction element of the invention according to a first variant of the second embodiment;
  • the figure 5 is a perspective view of a construction element of the invention according to a second variant of the second embodiment;
  • the figure 6 is a perspective view of a construction element of the invention according to a third variant of the second embodiment;
  • the figure 7 is a perspective view of the protruding part of the construction element of the figure 5 ;
  • the figure 8 is a perspective view of the protruding part of the construction element of the figure 6 ;
  • the figure 9 is a schematic representation of two construction elements of the figure 5 stacked to partially form the corner of two adjacent sections of walls; and
  • the figure 10 is a schematic representation of two adjacent sections of walls, the corner of which is formed by the stacking of construction elements of the figure 6 .

Description détaillée de l'inventionDetailed description of the invention

Il est tout d'abord précisé que sur les figures, les mêmes références désignent les mêmes éléments quelle que soit la figure sur laquelle elles apparaissent et quelle que soit la forme de représentation de ces éléments. De même, si des éléments ne sont pas spécifiquement référencés sur l'une des figures, leurs références peuvent être aisément retrouvées en se reportant à une autre figure.It is first of all specified that in the figures, the same references designate the same elements whatever the figure in which they appear and whatever the form of representation of these elements. Likewise, if elements are not specifically referenced in one of the figures, their references can easily be found by referring to another figure.

Il est également précisé que les figures représentent essentiellement trois modes de réalisation de l'objet de l'invention mais qu'il peut exister d'autres modes de réalisation qui répondent à la définition de l'invention.It is also specified that the figures essentially represent three embodiments of the object of the invention but that there may be other embodiments which meet the definition of the invention.

Comme cela a été précisé plus haut, et en référence à la figure 1c, l'édification d'un mur 19, 20 nécessite au moins deux types d'éléments de construction. Le premier type 23, qui représente la majorité des éléments de construction du mur, sont des pièces unitaires de construction 23 du type brique à structure alvéolaire, bloc plein de béton ou de pierre naturelle ou composite, ou encore du type parpaing. Ces pièces unitaires 23, généralement en forme de pavé rectangulaires, sont empilées selon des techniques de maçonnerie connues pour former le pan du mur 21, 22, notamment la technique de la maçonnerie à joint mince mettant en œuvre des pièces unitaires 23 rectifiées.As was specified above, and with reference to the figure 1c , the construction of a wall 19, 20 requires at least two types of construction elements. The first type 23, which represents the majority of the construction elements of the wall, are unitary construction parts 23 of the brick type with an alveolar structure, solid block of concrete or natural or composite stone, or even of the breeze block type. These unit parts 23, generally in the form of a paving stone rectangular, are stacked according to known masonry techniques to form the side of the wall 21, 22, in particular the thin-joint masonry technique using rectified unit parts 23.

Dans la suite de la description, on nommera ces pièces unitaires des briques classiques 23 dans un souci de clarté de l'exposé. Les dimensions de ces briques classiques, connues et largement utilisées dans le domaine du bâtiment et des travaux publics, sont comprises entre deux cent quarante-huit et six cents millimètres inclus pour leur longueur, entre cent cinquante et quatre cent vingt millimètres inclus pour leur largeur l, et entre cent quatre-vingt dix et trois cent millimètres, de préférence deux cent quarante-neuf millimètres pour leur hauteur. On qualifie de hauteur pour cette brique classique 23 la composante s'étendant verticalement lorsque ladite brique 23 est intégrée dans le pan de mur 21, 22. Dans la suite de la description, on considère que les dimensions des briques classiques 23 sont de manière non limitative de cinq cents millimètres pour leur longueur, deux cent millimètres pour leur largeur l, et deux cent quarante-neuf millimètres pour leur hauteur. En outre et de manière connue, la résistance mécanique à la compression d'une telle brique classique est de l'ordre de 9 N/mm2, et la résistance thermique de l'ordre de 1,7 m2.K/W.In the remainder of the description, these unit parts will be referred to as conventional bricks 23 for the sake of clarity of the description. The dimensions of these classic bricks, known and widely used in the field of building and public works, are between two hundred and forty-eight and six hundred millimeters inclusive for their length, between one hundred and fifty and four hundred and twenty millimeters inclusive for their width. 1, and between one hundred and ninety and three hundred millimeters, preferably two hundred and forty-nine millimeters for their height. The height for this conventional brick 23 is called the component extending vertically when said brick 23 is integrated into the wall section 21, 22. In the remainder of the description, it is considered that the dimensions of the conventional bricks 23 are not limited to five hundred millimeters for their length, two hundred millimeters for their width l, and two hundred and forty-nine millimeters for their height. In addition and in a known manner, the mechanical resistance to compression of such a conventional brick is of the order of 9 N / mm 2 , and the thermal resistance of the order of 1.7 m 2 .K / W.

Il est également nécessaire pour le mur édifié 19, 20 de comporter une partie de structure porteuse, pour éviter tout affaissement voire écroulement du mur 19, 20. Le mur 19, 20 comprend un deuxième type d'éléments de construction 1a, 1b, 1c empilés au moins sur une partie de la hauteur du mur 19, 20, chaque empilement vertical 17a, 17b, 17c, 18 du mur 19, 20 ayant pour fonction de le consolider. Selon l'invention, chaque empilement 17a, 17b, 17c, 18 d'éléments 1a, 1b, 1c selon le deuxième type est adapté pour intégrer un chaînage dans un évidement ménagé dans ledit empilement 17a - 17c, 18, ce chaînage étant généralement constitué d'une ou plusieurs armatures métalliques. Le chaînage sera par la suite pris dans un liant coulé dans l'évidement, typiquement du béton.It is also necessary for the built wall 19, 20 to include a load-bearing structure part, to prevent any subsidence or even collapse of the wall 19, 20. The wall 19, 20 comprises a second type of construction elements 1a, 1b, 1c stacked at least over part of the height of the wall 19, 20, each vertical stack 17a, 17b, 17c, 18 of the wall 19, 20 having the function of consolidating it. According to the invention, each stack 17a, 17b, 17c, 18 of elements 1a, 1b, 1c according to the second type is suitable for integrating a chaining in a recess made in said stack 17a - 17c, 18, this chaining generally consisting of one or more metal frames. The chaining will subsequently be taken in a binder poured into the recess, typically concrete.

Ce deuxième type d'élément de construction est appelé élément de chaînage 1a - 1c dans la description qui suit pour sa capacité à accueillir un tel chaînage. Comme les briques classiques 23, les éléments de chaînage 1a - 1c peuvent être du type brique, bloc de béton ou de pierre naturelle ou composite, ou encore du type parpaing.This second type of construction element is called chaining element 1a - 1c in the following description for its capacity to accommodate such chaining. Like the classic bricks 23, the linking elements 1a - 1c may be of the brick, concrete or natural or composite stone block type, or else of the concrete block type.

Comme on le verra plus en détail ci-après, un empilement vertical formé d'éléments de chaînage peut former l'encoignure de deux murs adjacents, ou encore former au moins une bordure verticale d'une baie de porte ou de fenêtre ménagée dans le pan de mur considéré afin de supporter le linteau surplombant la baie considérée. Une baie est une ouverture ménagée dans le pan de mur considéré et dans laquelle une porte ou une fenêtre est destinée à y être logée.As will be seen in more detail below, a vertical stack formed of chaining elements can form the corner of two adjacent walls, or even form at least one vertical border of a door or window opening formed in the section of wall considered in order to support the lintel overhanging the bay in question. A bay is an opening made in the section of wall considered and in which a door or a window is intended to be housed there.

En référence aux figures 1a à 1c, l'élément de chaînage 1a dans un premier mode de réalisation est décrit ci-après.With reference to figures 1a to 1c , the chaining element 1a in a first embodiment is described below.

L'élément de chaînage 1a de l'invention présente en section une forme générale de quadrilatère droit. A l'instar de la brique classique 23, l'élément de chaînage 1a a préférentiellement une forme générale de pavé droit, et encore préférentiellement une forme générale de pavé rectangulaire. Il comprend de fait des première 2 et seconde 3a faces latérales transversales et des première 4a et seconde 5a faces latérales longitudinales. L'élément de chaînage 1a comprend également deux faces respectivement inférieure (non représentée) et supérieure 16a, qui s'étendent sensiblement perpendiculairement aux faces latérales 2 - 5. Bien entendu, dans un empilement vertical 17a d'éléments de chaînage 1a, les faces supérieure 16a et inférieure de l'un des éléments de chaînage 1a sont au contact respectivement de la face inférieure de l'élément 1a au-dessus et de la face supérieure 16a de l'élément 1a en-dessous.The chaining element 1a of the invention has in section the general shape of a right quadrilateral. Like the conventional brick 23, the linking element 1a preferably has the general shape of a straight paving stone, and more preferably the general shape of a rectangular paving stone. It in fact comprises first 2 and second 3a transverse side faces and first 4a and second 5a longitudinal side faces. The chaining element 1a also comprises two faces, respectively lower (not shown) and upper 16a, which extend substantially perpendicular to the side faces 2 - 5. Of course, in a vertical stack 17a of chaining elements 1a, the faces upper 16a and lower of one of the linking elements 1a are in contact respectively with the lower face of the element 1a above and with the upper face 16a of the element 1a below.

La hauteur de l'élément de chaînage 1a est identique à la hauteur des briques classiques 23, ce qui permet une intégration harmonieuse des éléments de chaînage dans le mur considéré 19, 20, du point de vue de la stabilité mécanique et de l'esthétique. En outre, la résistance mécanique à la compression de l'élément de chaînage est également de l'ordre de 9 N/mm2. Avantageusement, la longueur de l'élément de chaînage 1a est sensiblement identique la longueur de la brique classique 23.The height of the chaining element 1a is identical to the height of the conventional bricks 23, which allows a harmonious integration of the chaining elements in the wall in question 19, 20, from the point of view of mechanical stability and aesthetics . In addition, the mechanical resistance to compression of the chaining element is also of the order of 9 N / mm 2 . Advantageously, the length of the linking element 1a is substantially identical to the length of the conventional brick 23.

De manière avantageuse, les faces 2, 3a, 4a, 5a, 16 des éléments de chaînage 1a, et en particulier les faces supérieure 16a et inférieure, sont rectifiées. Cela signifie que ces faces ont été meulées avec une grande précision, de sorte que les angles des sommets et des arêtes de l'éléments de chaînage soient très proches d'une valeur de 90°, idéalement aussi proche que le permet la précision des outils mécaniques de meulage des faces. De fait, les faces supérieures et inférieures sont parallèles, et les faces latérales 2, 3a, 4a, 5a sont parallèles deux à deux. Avantageusement, les briques classiques 23 sont également rectifiées.Advantageously, the faces 2, 3a, 4a, 5a, 16 of the linking elements 1a, and in particular the upper faces 16a and lower, are rectified. This means that these faces have been ground with great precision, so that the angles of the vertices and edges of the chaining element are very close to a value of 90 °, ideally as close as the precision of the tools allows. face grinding mechanics. In fact, the upper and lower faces are parallel, and the side faces 2, 3a, 4a, 5a are parallel two by two. Advantageously, the conventional bricks 23 are also rectified.

De la sorte, l'édification du mur 19, 20, incluant l'édification du pan de mur 21, 22 et l'édification de l'empilement vertical 17a, est une opération beaucoup plus simple et plus rapide, puisque le contrôle du parallélisme entre deux éléments de chaînage 1a superposés, deux briques classiques 23 adjacentes ou superposées, et/ou une brique classique 23 et un élément de chaînage 1a adjacents est simplifié. En effet, l'utilisation d'éléments de chaînage 1a rectifiés et de briques classiques 23 rectifiées permet la mise en œuvre de la technique de maçonnerie dite à joint mince, un tel joint présentant lors de son application une épaisseur de l'ordre d'un à trois millimètres. L'utilisation d'une telle technique permet l'obtention automatique de l'aplomb et évite ainsi les opérations ultérieures de vérification du bon aplomb du mur en cours d'édification.In this way, the construction of the wall 19, 20, including the construction of the section of wall 21, 22 and the construction of the vertical stack 17a, is a much simpler and faster operation, since the control of parallelism between two superimposed linking elements 1a, two conventional bricks 23 adjacent or superimposed, and / or a conventional brick 23 and an adjacent linking element 1a is simplified. Indeed, the use of rectified chaining elements 1a and of conventional rectified bricks 23 allows the implementation of the so-called thin joint masonry technique, such a joint having during its application a thickness of the order of one to three millimeters. The use of such a technique allows the automatic obtaining of plumb and thus avoids the subsequent operations of checking the correct plumb of the wall during construction.

Un autre avantage résidant dans l'utilisation d'éléments de chaînage 1a rectifiés est la possibilité d'adapter de tels éléments 1a à n'importe quelles briques classiques 23 rectifiées, quelles que soient les dimensions de longueur et de largeur de ladite brique classique 23 rectifiée, pourvu que les hauteurs respectives des éléments de chaînage rectifiés 1a et des briques classiques 23 rectifiées soient identiques.Another advantage residing in the use of rectified linking elements 1a is the possibility of adapting such elements 1a to any conventional rectified bricks 23, whatever the dimensions of length and width of said conventional brick 23. rectified, provided that the respective heights of the rectified linking elements 1a and of the conventional rectified bricks 23 are identical.

L'élément de chaînage 1a comprend un orifice traversant 6 entre la face inférieure et la face supérieure 16a, l'axe X de l'orifice traversant 6 étant en outre parallèles à des plans respectifs dans lesquels s'étendent les faces latérales 2 - 5a de l'élément 1a. Comme on le verra plus loin, cet orifice traversant 6 est destiné à recevoir le chaînage vertical. En effet, suite à l'empilement vertical 17a d'une pluralité d'éléments de chaînage 2a, l'ensemble des orifices traversant 6 desdits éléments 1a sont tous alignés pour former un évidement par exemple cylindrique ou de section carré, s'étendant tout le long de l'empilement vertical 17a. Le chaînage est alors intégré dans cet évidemment, puis le liant type ciment ou béton est coulé dans cet évidement comprenant le chaînage.The chaining element 1a comprises a through hole 6 between the lower face and the upper face 16a, the X axis of the through hole 6 being furthermore parallel to respective planes in which the side faces 2 - 5a extend. of item 1a. As will be seen below, this through orifice 6 is intended to receive the vertical chaining. Indeed, following the vertical stack 17a of a plurality of chaining elements 2a, all of the orifices passing through 6 of said elements 1a are all aligned to form a recess, for example cylindrical or of square section, extending all along the vertical stack 17a. The chaining is then integrated into this recess, then the cement or concrete type binder is poured into this recess comprising the chaining.

Selon l'invention et pour tous les modes de réalisation décrits, la largeur L de l'élément de chaînage 1a est plus grande que la largeur l de la brique classique 23. Plus précisément, la largeur L répond à la formule suivante : L = l + x

Figure imgb0001
avec 10 mm ≤ x ≤ 45 mmAccording to the invention and for all the embodiments described, the width L of the linking element 1a is greater than the width L of the conventional brick 23. More precisely, the width L corresponds to the following formula: L = l + x
Figure imgb0001
 with 10 mm ≤ x ≤ 45 mm

Dans un premier exemple et de manière non limitative, lorsque la largeur l de la brique classique 23 est de l'ordre de deux cent cinquante millimètres, la largeur L de l'élément de chaînage 1a est comprise entre deux cent soixante et deux cent quatre-vingt-dix millimètres, et est préférentiellement de l'ordre de deux cent quatre-vingts millimètres. Dans un second exemple et de manière non limitative, lorsque la largeur l de la brique classique 23 est de l'ordre de deux cent millimètres, la largeur L de l'élément de chaînage 1a est comprise entre deux cent dix et deux cent quarante-cinq millimètres, de préférence de l'ordre de deux cent trente-cinq millimètres.In a first example and in a nonlimiting manner, when the width l of the conventional brick 23 is of the order of two hundred and fifty millimeters, the width L of the linking element 1a is between two hundred and sixty and two hundred and four twenty-ten millimeters, and is preferably of the order of two hundred and eighty millimeters. In a second example and in a non-limiting manner, when the width l of the conventional brick 23 is of the order of two hundred millimeters, the width L of the linking element 1a is between two hundred and ten and two hundred and forty. five millimeters, preferably of the order of two hundred and thirty-five millimeters.

Dans la variante de réalisation illustrée sur les figures, l'orifice traversant 6 est quant à lui désaxé par rapport aux deux axes respectivement longitudinal 7 et transversal médian 8 de l'élément de chaînage considéré 1a. En outre, une première distance longitudinale D1L entre la première face latérale transversale 2 et l'axe X de l'orifice traversant 6 est égale à une première distance transversale D1T entre la première face longitudinale 4a et l'axe X de l'orifice traversant 6.In the variant embodiment illustrated in the figures, the through-hole 6 is for its part offset with respect to the two respectively longitudinal 7 and transverse median 8 axes of the chain element considered 1a. In addition, a first longitudinal distance D 1L between the first transverse lateral face 2 and the X axis of the through-hole 6 is equal to a first transverse distance D 1T between the first longitudinal face 4a and the X axis of the through hole 6.

Dans une variante de réalisation non représentée, l'orifice traversant de l'élément de chaînage est désaxé uniquement par rapport à l'axe transversal médian dudit élément de chaînage, l'orifice traversant étant de fait centré sur l'axe longitudinal. Comme pour le mode de réalisation de la figure 1a, la première distance longitudinale est égale à la première distance transversale, et est en outre égale à une deuxième distance transversale entre l'axe de l'orifice traversant et la deuxième face longitudinale de l'élément de chaînage.In an alternative embodiment not shown, the through orifice of the chaining element is offset only with respect to the median transverse axis of said chaining element, the through orifice being in fact centered on the longitudinal axis. As for the embodiment of the figure 1a , the first longitudinal distance is equal to the first transverse distance, and is furthermore equal to a second transverse distance between the axis of the through-hole and the second longitudinal face of the chaining element.

Enfin, dans une autre variante de réalisation non représentée de l'élément de chaînage, l'orifice traversant est centré à la fois sur les deux axes respectivement longitudinal et transversal médian dudit l'élément de chaînage.Finally, in another variant embodiment of the chaining element, not shown, the through orifice is centered both on the two respectively longitudinal and transverse median axes of said chaining element.

En référence aux figures 1a à 1c, la deuxième distance transversale D2T, séparant la seconde face latérale longitudinale 5a de l'axe X de l'orifice traversant 6, est donc inférieure à la première distance transversale D1T à cause du désaxement de l'orifice traversant 6 relativement à l'axe longitudinal 7. De manière avantageuse, l'orifice traversant 6 est désaxé par rapport à l'axe longitudinal 7 d'une distance d dont la valeur est comprise entre trois et quinze pour cent de la largeur L de l'élément de chaînage 1a. De manière plus générale, l'orifice traversant 6 de chaque élément de chaînage 1a de l'empilement 17a est désaxé par rapport à l'axe longitudinal 7 de l'élément considéré d'une distance d dont la valeur s'exprime selon la formule (L-I)/2, l étant la largeur de la brique classique 23.With reference to figures 1a to 1c , the second transverse distance D 2T , separating the second longitudinal lateral face 5a from the axis X of the through-hole 6, is therefore less than the first transverse distance D 1T because of the offset of the through-hole 6 relative to the 'Longitudinal axis 7. Advantageously, the through-hole 6 is offset with respect to the longitudinal axis 7 by a distance d, the value of which is between three and fifteen percent of the width L of the chaining element 1a. More generally, the through orifice 6 of each chaining element 1a of the stack 17a is offset with respect to the longitudinal axis 7 of the element considered by a distance d, the value of which is expressed according to the formula (LI) / 2, l being the width of conventional brick 23.

En outre, afin d'assurer un alignement optimal entre les briques classiques 23 et les éléments de chaînage 1a de l'empilement, les plans longitudinaux 24, 25 des deux pans de murs 20, 21 se croisent au niveau de l'axe X de l'évidement de l'empilement vertical 17a. De la sorte, la deuxième face latérale longitudinale 5a de chaque élément de chaînage 1a est dans le même plan que la surface du pan de mur considéré 21, 22.In addition, in order to ensure optimum alignment between the conventional bricks 23 and the linking elements 1a of the stack, the longitudinal planes 24, 25 of the two wall sections 20, 21 intersect at the level of the X axis of the stack. the recess of the vertical stack 17a. In this way, the second longitudinal lateral face 5a of each linking element 1a is in the same plane as the surface of the wall section in question 21, 22.

Le désaxement de l'orifice traversant 6 par rapport à l'axe transversal médian 8 permet de réaliser un empilement vertical 17a d'élément de chaînage 1a en besace lorsque cet empilement forme l'encoignure des deux murs 19, 20. Cet empilement en besace 17a, visible sur la figure 1b et surtout sur la figure 1c, est réalisé de sorte que les axes longitudinaux 7 des éléments 1a empilés sont orientés alternativement dans le plan 24, 25 de l'un et l'autre des pans de murs 21, 22.The misalignment of the through-hole 6 with respect to the median transverse axis 8 makes it possible to produce a vertical stack 17a of chaining element 1a as a satchel when this stack forms the corner of the two walls 19, 20. This stack as a satchel 17a, visible on the figure 1b and especially on the figure 1c , is made so that the longitudinal axes 7 of the stacked elements 1a are oriented alternately in the plane 24, 25 of one and the other of the wall sections 21, 22.

En outre, comme les premières distances respectivement longitudinale D1L et transversale D1T de chaque élément de chaînage 1a sont égales, la première face latérale longitudinale 4a de l'un des éléments 1a de l'empilement 17a s'étend dans le même plan que les premières faces latérales transversales 2 respectives des deux éléments de chaînages adjacents 1a, ce qui assure la stabilité mécanique et l'esthétique de l'empilement vertical 17a.In addition, as the first distances respectively longitudinal D 1L and transverse D 1T of each chaining element 1a are equal, the first face longitudinal side 4a of one of the elements 1a of the stack 17a extends in the same plane as the respective first transverse side faces 2 of the two adjacent linking elements 1a, which ensures the mechanical stability and the aesthetics of the vertical stacking 17a.

Le désaxement de l'orifice traversant 6 par rapport à l'axe longitudinal 7, couplé à une largeur L de l'élément de chaînage 1a supérieure à la largeur l de la brique classique 23, induit le dépassement au moins en partie des premières faces latérales transversale 2 et longitudinale 4a de chaque élément de chaînage 1a par rapport aux pans de murs considérés 21, 22. Préférentiellement, ce dépassement est compris entre dix et quarante-cinq millimètres, et est encore plus préférentiellement de l'ordre de trente millimètres. De manière plus générale, l'orifice 6 étant désaxé de la distance d par rapport à l'axe longitudinal 7 de l'élément considéré 1a, le dépassement des premières faces latérales transversale 2 et longitudinale 4a de chaque élément de chaînage 1a par rapport aux pans de murs considérés 21, 22 s'exprime selon la formule 2d = L-l.The offset of the through-hole 6 relative to the longitudinal axis 7, coupled to a width L of the chaining element 1a greater than the width l of the conventional brick 23, induces the protrusion at least in part of the first faces transverse lateral 2 and longitudinal 4a of each chaining element 1a with respect to the sections of the walls considered 21, 22. Preferably, this protrusion is between ten and forty-five millimeters, and is even more preferably of the order of thirty millimeters. More generally, the orifice 6 being offset by the distance d relative to the longitudinal axis 7 of the element considered 1a, the protrusion of the first transverse 2 and longitudinal side faces 4a of each chaining element 1a relative to the sections of walls considered 21, 22 is expressed according to the formula 2d = Ll.

En revanche, la deuxième face latérale longitudinale 5a de chaque élément 1a se trouve dans le plan de la surface du pan de mur considéré 21, 22. Conventionnellement, lorsque la construction comprenant les murs 19, 20 de l'invention est un bâtiment fermé, la deuxième face latérale longitudinale 5a de chaque élément de chaînage 1a est destinée à être au moins en partie orientée à l'intérieur dudit bâtiment.On the other hand, the second longitudinal lateral face 5a of each element 1a is located in the plane of the surface of the wall section in question 21, 22. Conventionally, when the construction comprising the walls 19, 20 of the invention is a closed building, the second longitudinal lateral face 5a of each chaining element 1a is intended to be at least partly oriented inside said building.

Les épaulements 26a résultant des décalages entre les pans de murs considérés 21, 22 et les premières faces respectivement longitudinale 4a et transversale 2 de chaque élément de chaînage 1a forment une pluralité de butées d'enduit 26a, facilitant la pose de l'enduit sur les briques classiques 23 sans déborder sur les éléments de chaînage 1a qui jouent une rôle esthétique important, notamment lorsque l'empilement 17a est réalisé en besace. Ces épaulements 26a évitent ainsi l'utilisation d'outils supplémentaires servant à la réalisation d'une pose d'enduit propre, de tels outils étant par exemple des baguettes d'angles d'enduit amovibles ou non, jouant le rôle de butées d'enduit. Bien entendu, ces épaulements 26a ont tous la même profondeur.The shoulders 26a resulting from the offsets between the sections of the walls in question 21, 22 and the first respectively longitudinal 4a and transverse 2 faces of each chaining element 1a form a plurality of plaster stops 26a, facilitating the laying of the plaster on the conventional bricks 23 without spilling over onto the linking elements 1a which play an important aesthetic role, in particular when the stack 17a is made as a satchel. These shoulders 26a thus avoid the use of additional tools serving to carry out a clean plaster application, such tools being for example removable or non-removable plaster corner strips, playing the role of stopper stops. coated. Of course, these shoulders 26a all have the same depth.

De manière avantageuse, l'arête 15a reliant la première face latérale longitudinale 4a et la seconde face latérale transversale 3a, ainsi que l'arête 14 reliant la première face latérale transversale 2 et la seconde face latérale longitudinale 5a sont chanfreinées, préférentiellement sur une largeur de l'ordre de quinze millimètres.Advantageously, the ridge 15a connecting the first longitudinal lateral face 4a and the second transverse lateral face 3a, as well as the ridge 14 connecting the first transverse lateral face 2 and the second longitudinal lateral face 5a are chamfered, preferably over a width of the order of fifteen millimeters.

Outre un aspect esthétique évident, les arêtes chanfreinées 14, 15a permettent de contrôler l'épaisseur de l'enduit à étaler sur les pans de murs 21, 22. En effet, l'enduit est apposé en épaisseur sur le pan de mur considéré 21, 22 jusqu'au bord de l'arête chanfreinée considérée 14, 15a de l'élément de chaînage considéré 1a. Ainsi, la largeur L de l'élément de chaînage 1a de l'invention est équivalente à la somme de la largeur l de la brique classique 23, de l'épaisseur de l'enduit et de la profondeur du chanfrein 14, 15a. de manière préférentielle, l'épaisseur de l'enduit est de l'ordre de cinq à vingt millimètres, préférentiellement quinze millimètres, et la profondeur du chanfrein de l'ordre de cinq à vingt millimètres.In addition to an obvious aesthetic aspect, the chamfered edges 14, 15a make it possible to control the thickness of the coating to be spread on the wall sections 21, 22. Indeed, the coating is affixed in thickness on the wall section considered 21 , 22 up to the edge of the chamfered edge considered 14, 15a of the chaining element considered 1a. Thus, the width L of the chaining element 1a of the invention is equivalent to the sum of the width l of the conventional brick 23, the thickness of the coating and the depth of the chamfer 14, 15a. preferably, the thickness of the coating is of the order of five to twenty millimeters, preferably fifteen millimeters, and the depth of the chamfer of the order of five to twenty millimeters.

Préférentiellement, et pour des raisons d'homogénéité esthétique, l'arête 13 reliant les premières faces latérales longitudinale 4a et transversale 2 est également chanfreinée.Preferably, and for reasons of aesthetic homogeneity, the edge 13 connecting the first longitudinal 4a and transverse 2 side faces is also chamfered.

Comme précisé plus haut dans la description, l'empilement vertical 18 peut également être réalisé en bordure de baie 29, 30. Dans ce cas, tous les éléments 1a sont empilés les uns sur les autres en étant tous orientés dans la même direction, c'est-à-dire de sorte que leurs axes longitudinaux respectifs 7 soient orientés dans le plan du pan de mur correspondant 21.As specified above in the description, the vertical stack 18 can also be produced at the edge of the bay 29, 30. In this case, all the elements 1a are stacked on top of each other while being all oriented in the same direction, c 'that is to say so that their respective longitudinal axes 7 are oriented in the plane of the corresponding wall section 21.

Selon une seconde variante du premier mode de réalisation et en référence à la figure 1c, l'élément de chaînage 1a' peut avoir une forme générale de pavé cubique ou tout autre forme adaptée. Les autres caractéristiques techniques afférentes à la première variante 1a du premier mode de réalisation sont également comprises dans cette seconde variante 1a'.According to a second variant of the first embodiment and with reference to figure 1c , the chaining element 1a 'can have the general shape of a cubic block or any other suitable shape. The other technical characteristics relating to the first variant 1a of the first embodiment are also included in this second variant 1a '.

Ainsi, en réalisant un empilement vertical 18 au niveau des bordures de baies 29, 30 avec une alternance d'éléments de chaînage cubiques 1a' et parallélépipédiques rectangles 1a présente une esthétique rappelant la disposition en besace d'un empilement vertical 17a formant l'encoignure de deux murs 19, 20.Thus, by making a vertical stack 18 at the bay borders 29, 30 with an alternation of cubic 1a 'and rectangular parallelepipedic chaining elements 1a presents an aesthetic reminiscent of the saddlebag arrangement of a vertical stack 17a forming the corner. of two walls 19, 20.

De manière avantageuse, il est possible de recouvrir le linteau de la baie considérée, et éventuellement le coffrage d'un volet roulant, d'une plaque de parement 27 présentant une épaisseur identique à la profondeur des épaulements formant les butées d'enduit 26a. Cette plaque de parement 27, en plus de son rôle esthétique, comprend également une butée d'enduit à l'instar des épaulements 26a décrits ci-dessus.Advantageously, it is possible to cover the lintel of the bay in question, and possibly the shuttering of a roller shutter, with a facing plate 27 having a thickness identical to the depth of the shoulders forming the plaster stops 26a. This facing plate 27, in addition to its aesthetic role, also comprises a coating stop like the shoulders 26a described above.

En référence aux figures 2a à 2c, un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'élément de chaînage 1b va être décrit.With reference to figures 2a to 2c , a second embodiment of the chaining element 1b will be described.

L'élément de chaînage 1b comprend un premier décaissement 9 ménagé dans une paroi de l'élément au niveau de la première face latérale longitudinale 4b. En outre, ce décaissement 9 est réalisé au moins en partie dans une première portion 10b de l'élément qui est opposée, par rapport à l'axe transversale médian 8, à une deuxième portion 11 de l'élément 1b comprenant l'orifice traversant 6. Préférentiellement mais de manière non limitative, la deuxième portion 11 de l'élément de chaînage 1b a une forme générale cubique.The chaining element 1b comprises a first recess 9 formed in a wall of the element at the level of the first longitudinal lateral face 4b. In addition, this disbursement 9 is made at least in part in a first portion 10b of the element which is opposite, with respect to the median transverse axis 8, to a second portion 11 of the element 1b comprising the through orifice. 6. Preferably but in a nonlimiting manner, the second portion 11 of the chaining element 1b has a generally cubic shape.

Comme visible sur la figure 2a, la première portion 9 de l'élément de chaînage 1b présente une largeur l équivalente à celle des briques classiques 23. De fait, une fois l'empilement en besace 17b réalisé avec les éléments de chaînage 1b selon ce deuxième mode de réalisation, la face latérale 17 de cette première portion 9 est dans le même plan que le reste du pan de mur considéré 21, 22.As visible on the figure 2a , the first portion 9 of the chaining element 1b has a width l equivalent to that of conventional bricks 23. In fact, once the saddlebag stack 17b has been produced with the chaining elements 1b according to this second embodiment, the lateral face 17 of this first portion 9 is in the same plane as the rest of the wall section considered 21, 22.

L'épaulement 26b généré par ce décaissement 9 forme alors la butée d'enduit 26b, et présente les même caractéristiques et avantages que l'épaulement 26a décrit précédemment. L'enduit 28 posé sur le pan de mur considéré 21, 22 recouvre donc, dans le cadre de ce deuxième mode de réalisation de l'élément 1b, la face latérale 17 de la première portion décaissée 9 de l'élément de chaînage 1b, comme on le voit sur la figure 2c. Cette configuration particulière permet ainsi d'obtenir des butées d'enduit 26b verticalement alignées lorsque les éléments de chaînage 1b sont empilés en besace, ce qui facilite encore davantage la pose de l'enduit 28. En outre, cette configuration de l'empilement vertical 17b présente une esthétique différente par rapport à l'empilement vertical 17a.The shoulder 26b generated by this recess 9 then forms the plaster stop 26b, and has the same characteristics and advantages as the shoulder 26a described above. The plaster 28 placed on the wall section in question 21, 22 therefore covers, in the context of this second embodiment of the element 1b, the lateral face 17 of the first recessed portion 9 of the chaining element 1b, as seen on the figure 2c . This particular configuration thus makes it possible to obtain plaster stops 26b vertically aligned when the chaining elements 1b are stacked in saddlebags, which further facilitates the installation of the plaster 28. In addition, this configuration of the vertical stack 17b has a different aesthetic compared to the vertical stack 17a.

Avantageusement, l'arête 15b reliant la face latérale transversale 4b de la deuxième portion 11 l'épaulement 26b est chanfreinée pour assurer, au-delà de son rôle esthétique, le contrôle optimal de l'épaisseur d'enduit 28 à poser sur le pan de mur considéré 21, 22. En outre, à l'instar du premier mode de réalisation de l'élément de chaînage 1a, l'arête 13 reliant la première face latérale transversale 2 à la première face latérale longitudinale 4b et l'arête 14 reliant la première face latérale transversale 2 à la seconde face latérale longitudinale 5b sont également chanfreinées.Advantageously, the ridge 15b connecting the transverse lateral face 4b of the second portion 11, the shoulder 26b is chamfered to ensure, beyond its aesthetic role, optimal control of the thickness of coating 28 to be placed on the panel. of wall considered 21, 22. In addition, like the first embodiment of the chaining element 1a, the ridge 13 connecting the first transverse lateral face 2 to the first longitudinal lateral face 4b and the ridge 14 connecting the first transverse side face 2 to the second longitudinal side face 5b are also chamfered.

En référence aux figures 3a et 3b, un troisième mode de réalisation de l'élément de chaînage 1c va être décrit.With reference to figures 3a and 3b , a third embodiment of the chaining element 1c will be described.

Dans ce troisième mode de réalisation, l'élément de chaînage 1c comprend les mêmes caractéristiques que l'élément de chaînage du deuxième mode de réalisation 1b, et comprend en plus un second décaissement 12 ménagé sur une profondeur de l'ordre de vingt à trente millimètres dans une paroi au niveau de la seconde face latérale longitudinale 5c et dans la même première portion 9c de l'élément de chaînage 1c. Ainsi, à l'instar de l'élément de chaînage 1b du deuxième mode de réalisation, la deuxième portion 11 comprenant l'orifice traversant 6 de l'élément de chaînage 1c selon le troisième mode de réalisation est préférentiellement cubique. En outre, le désaxage de l'orifice 6 est identique à celui des orifices 6 des éléments de chaînages respectifs 1a, 1b des premier et deuxième modes de réalisation.In this third embodiment, the chaining element 1c comprises the same characteristics as the chaining element of the second embodiment 1b, and further comprises a second disbursement 12 provided to a depth of the order of twenty to thirty. millimeters in a wall at the level of the second longitudinal lateral face 5c and in the same first portion 9c of the chaining element 1c. Thus, like the chaining element 1b of the second embodiment, the second portion 11 comprising the through orifice 6 of the chaining element 1c according to the third embodiment is preferably cubic. In addition, the offset of the orifice 6 is identical to that of the orifices 6 of the respective chaining elements 1a, 1b of the first and second embodiments.

Ce troisième mode de réalisation présente un intérêt particulier lorsque les murs 19, 20 intégrant les éléments de chaînage 1c sont les murs d'une construction du type bâtiment fermé. Ainsi, le second décaissement 12 de chaque élément de chaînage 1c d'un empilement vertical 17c formant encoignure de deux murs 19, 20 (figure 3b) est destiné à être exposé à l'intérieur du bâtiment.This third embodiment is of particular interest when the walls 19, 20 integrating the linking elements 1c are the walls of a construction of the closed building type. Thus, the second disbursement 12 of each element of chaining 1c of a vertical stack 17c forming the corner of two walls 19, 20 ( figure 3b ) is intended for display inside the building.

La résistance thermique des éléments de chaînage 1a - 1c de l'invention est de l'ordre de 0,55 M2.K/W, ce qui est inférieur à la résistance thermique des briques classique 23. Ainsi pour améliorer la résistance thermique de l'élément de chaînage 1c, une plaque d'isolant thermique rigide, par exemple en liège ou en polystyrène et dont les hauteur et largeur sont identiques à celles du second décaissement 12, est alors être introduite dans chaque second décaissement 12 de l'empilement vertical considéré 17c, pour améliorer le confort et la performance thermique de l'élément 1c et du bâtiment.The thermal resistance of the linking elements 1a - 1c of the invention is of the order of 0.55 M 2 .K / W, which is lower than the thermal resistance of conventional bricks 23. Thus, to improve the thermal resistance of the chaining element 1c, a plate of rigid thermal insulation, for example cork or polystyrene and whose height and width are identical to those of the second disbursement 12, is then introduced into each second disbursement 12 of the stack vertical considered 17c, to improve the comfort and thermal performance of the element 1c and of the building.

En outre, l'épaisseur de chaque plaque d'isolant est identique à la profondeur du second décaissement considéré 12, de sorte que la face de la plaque d'isolant soit dans le même plan que la surface intérieure du pan de mur considéré 21, 22. Cela facilitera par la suite la pose du revêtement intérieur sur les murs 19, 20, et évitera la création d'une quelconque aspérité sur la surface de ce revêtement intérieur.In addition, the thickness of each insulating plate is identical to the depth of the second considered recess 12, so that the face of the insulating plate is in the same plane as the inner surface of the considered wall section 21, 22. This will subsequently facilitate the installation of the interior coating on the walls 19, 20, and will prevent the creation of any roughness on the surface of this interior coating.

En référence aux figures 4 à 6, des première, deuxième et troisièmes variantes du deuxième mode de réalisation de l'élément de chaînage 1c va être décrit.With reference to figures 4 to 6 , first, second and third variants of the second embodiment of the chaining element 1c will be described.

En référence à la figure 4, la première variante de l'élément de chainage 1d du deuxième mode de réalisation est identique à la description faite précédemment de l'élément de chainage 1b excepté en deux points décrits ci-après.With reference to the figure 4 , the first variant of the chain element 1d of the second embodiment is identical to the description given above of the chain element 1b except in two points described below.

En premier lieu, l'élément de chainage 1d est alvéolaire et comporte à cet effet des alvéoles traversantes 31 situées dans la première portion 10b, et des alvéoles traversantes 32 ménagées entre les faces latérales longitudinale 4b et transversale 2, et l'orifice 6. Ces alvéoles 31,32 peuvent être avantageusement remplies de matériau isolant permettant de corriger le pont thermique induit par le poteau béton coulé dans le logement cylindrique ou de section carré, également dénommé chaînage vertical, constitué par l'empilement d'orifices traversants 6.First, the chaining element 1d is cellular and for this purpose comprises through cells 31 located in the first portion 10b, and through cells 32 formed between the longitudinal side faces 4b and transverse 2, and the orifice 6. These cells 31, 32 can be advantageously filled with insulating material making it possible to correct the thermal bridge induced by the concrete post cast in the cylindrical housing or of square section, also called vertical chaining, formed by the stack of through holes 6.

Les alvéoles 32 telles que représentées sur la figure 4 décomposent l'élément de chainage 1d en deux parties : une partie principale 33 en forme générale de pavé droit de largeur l par exemple de 200 millimètres et comportant l'orifice traversant 6 et les alvéoles associées 31, et une partie saillante 34 définie par deux parois perpendiculaires 34',34" présentant la même largeur L comprise entre 210 et 245 millimètres, de préférence de 235 millimètres, et dont les faces externes forment les faces latérales longitudinale 4b et transversale 2 de l'élément 1d. Comme représenté sur la figure 4, la partie saillante 34 présente une hauteur H1 inférieure à la hauteur H d'environ 250 millimètres de la partie principale 33, libérant une hauteur supérieure i. Une même hauteur inférieure i non visible sur cette figure est également libérée. Les hauteurs libérées inférieur et supérieur i sont chacune comprise entre 6 et 10 millimètres, de préférence de 8 millimètres, permettant de réaliser un joint de hauteur comprise entre 12 et 20 millimètres, de préférence de 16 millimètres, entre deux éléments 1d adjacent empilés l'un sur l'autre en facilitant la mise en œuvre de l'empilement vertical des éléments 1d.The cells 32 as shown on the figure 4 break down the chain element 1d into two parts: a main part 33 in the general shape of a straight block of width l for example of 200 millimeters and comprising the through-hole 6 and the associated cells 31, and a projecting part 34 defined by two perpendicular walls 34 ', 34 "having the same width L of between 210 and 245 millimeters, preferably 235 millimeters, and the outer faces of which form the longitudinal 4b and transverse 2 side faces of the element 1d. As shown in FIG. figure 4 , the projecting part 34 has a height H1 less than the height H of about 250 millimeters of the main part 33, freeing up a greater height i. The same lower height i, not visible in this figure, is also released. The lower and upper released heights i are each between 6 and 10 millimeters, preferably 8 millimeters, making it possible to achieve a joint of height between 12 and 20 millimeters, preferably 16 millimeters, between two adjacent stacked 1d elements l ' one on top of the other by facilitating the implementation of the vertical stacking of 1d elements.

En référence à la figure 5, la deuxième variante de l'élément de chainage 1e du deuxième mode de réalisation est identique à la première variante de la figure 4, excepté en ce que la partie saillante 34a est une pièce indépendante de la partie principale 33 qui est rapportée par solidarisation, par exemple par collage, sur deux parois adjacentes de la pièce principale 33 du côté de l'orifice 6. La partie saillante 34a est définie par deux parois perpendiculaires 34a',34a". Cette variante est particulièrement avantageuse en raison de l'utilisation, pour la partie principale 33, d'une pièce unitaire standard de type brique ou parpaing de largeur l d'environ 200 millimètres de même type que les briques classiques 23 (figure 1c) composant le mur 19,20. Comme pour la première variante de la figure 4, les faces latérales longitudinale 4ba et transversale 2 de l'élément 1e identifiées comme les parois perpendiculaires 34a',34a" de la partie saillante 34a, présentent une même largeur L comprise entre 210 et 245 millimètres pour une largeur l de la partie principale d'environ 200 millimètres. Comme pour la variante de la figure 4, la hauteur H1 de la partie saillante 34a est inférieure à la hauteur H de la partie principale 33.With reference to the figure 5 , the second variant of the chain element 1e of the second embodiment is identical to the first variant of the figure 4 , except in that the projecting part 34a is an independent part of the main part 33 which is attached by joining, for example by gluing, on two adjacent walls of the main part 33 on the side of the orifice 6. The projecting part 34a is defined by two perpendicular walls 34a ', 34a ". This variant is particularly advantageous because of the use, for the main part 33, of a standard unitary piece of brick or block type with a width l of approximately 200 millimeters in length. same type as conventional bricks 23 ( figure 1c ) composing the wall 19,20. As for the first variant of the figure 4 , the longitudinal side faces 4ba and transverse 2 of the element 1e identified as the perpendicular walls 34a ', 34a "of the projecting part 34a, have the same width L of between 210 and 245 millimeters for a width l of the main part d 'approximately 200 millimeters. As for the variant of the figure 4 , the height H1 of the projecting part 34a is less than the height H of the main part 33.

En référence à la figure 6, la troisième variante de l'élément de chainage 1f du deuxième mode de réalisation est identique à la deuxième variante de la figure 5, excepté en ce que la face latérale longitudinale 4bb (ou paroi 34b") de la partie saillante rapportée 34b présente une largeur L1 supérieure à la largeur L de sa face latérale transversale 2 (ou paroi 34b') pour des raisons qui seront expliquées plus loin. A titre d'exemple, la largeur L1 est d'environ 420 millimètres.With reference to the figure 6 , the third variant of the chain element 1f of the second embodiment is identical to the second variant of the figure 5 , except in that the longitudinal side face 4bb (or wall 34b ") of the added projecting part 34b has a width L1 greater than the width L of its transverse side face 2 (or wall 34b ') for reasons which will be explained in more detail. As an example, the width L1 is about 420 millimeters.

Comme pour la première variante de la figure 4, les éléments 1e,1f des deuxième et troisième variante du deuxième mode de réalisation comportent des alvéoles 31 dans la partie principale 33 et des alvéoles 32 dans la partie saillante rapportée 34a,34b, ou plus précisément entre la paroi composant la partie saillante 34a,34b et la face externe de la partie principale 33 située en regard de la dite paroi. En référence aux figures 7 et 8, ces alvéoles 32 peuvent être avantageusement remplies de matériau isolant 32a de type liège, polystyrène, mousse minérale ou tout autre matériau isolant connu de l'homme du métier.As for the first variant of the figure 4 , the elements 1e, 1f of the second and third variant of the second embodiment comprise cells 31 in the main part 33 and cells 32 in the protruding part 34a, 34b, or more precisely between the wall making up the protruding part 34a, 34b and the external face of the main part 33 located opposite said wall. With reference to figures 7 and 8 , these cells 32 can be advantageously filled with insulating material 32a of cork, polystyrene, mineral foam or any other insulating material known to those skilled in the art.

Les figures 9 et 10 illustrent un ensemble partiel de deux murs adjacents 19, 20 comprenant deux pans de murs formés chacun par un empilement de pièces unitaires de construction 23,33 du type brique, bloc ou parpaing alvéolaire s'étendant respectivement dans deux plans perpendiculaires et dont l'encoignure est formée par un empilement vertical 17 composé pour la figure 9 d'une pluralité d'éléments de construction 1e de la deuxième variante du second mode de réalisation, agencés perpendiculairement les uns au-dessus des autres et alignés pour former un évidement, par exemple cylindrique ou de section carré, sur toute la hauteur de l'empilement, en formant ainsi une chaîne d'angle droite, et pour la figure 10 d'une pluralité d'éléments de construction 1f de la troisième variante du second mode de réalisation agencés perpendiculairement les uns au-dessus des autres et alignés pour former un évidement cylindrique ou de section carré, sur toute la hauteur de l'empilement, en formant ainsi une chaîne d'angle harpée. Il est également représenté sur la figure 10 une partie de l'enduit 28 apposé contre l'un des pans de mur.The figures 9 and 10 illustrate a partial set of two adjacent walls 19, 20 comprising two sections of walls each formed by a stack of unitary construction pieces 23,33 of the brick, block or honeycomb type extending respectively in two perpendicular planes and the corner of which is formed by a vertical stack 17 composed for the figure 9 a plurality of construction elements 1e of the second variant of the second embodiment, arranged perpendicularly one above the other and aligned to form a recess, for example cylindrical or of square section, over the entire height of the 'stacking, thus forming a chain of right angles, and for the figure 10 a plurality of construction elements 1f of the third variant of the second embodiment arranged perpendicularly one above the other and aligned to form a cylindrical recess or of square section, over the entire height of the stack, in thus forming a harped angle chain. It is also depicted on the figure 10 part of the plaster 28 affixed against one of the wall sections.

Les modes de réalisation décrits ci-dessus ne sont nullement limitatifs, et des modifications peuvent y être apportées sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Par exemple, l'élément de chaînage de l'invention peut comprendre uniquement le second décaissement 12.The embodiments described above are in no way limiting, and modifications can be made to them without departing from the scope of the invention. Through example, the chaining element of the invention can only comprise the second disbursement 12.

Claims (15)

  1. Construction element (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f) of brick, breeze block or stone block type, having, in cross-section, a generally rectangular quadrilateral form and comprising two transverse lateral faces (2, 3a-3c) and two longitudinal lateral faces (4a-4c, 5a-5c), the construction element forming a wall-tying element which comprises at least one through orifice (6) intended to receive a vertical wall tie of metal reinforcement type, the four lateral faces (2, 3a-3c, 4a, 4b, 4ba, 4bb, 4c, 5a-5c) of the wall-tying element each extending in a plane parallel to the axis (X) of the through orifice (6), the construction element having a first clearance (9, 9c) formed in a wall of the element on one of its longitudinal lateral faces (4b, 4ba, 4bb-4c), characterized in that said first clearance extends to an edge of said construction element.
  2. Construction element (1a-1c, 1d, 1e, 1f) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the through orifice (6) is offset with respect to the two respectively longitudinal (7) and median transverse (8) axes of the construction element (1a-1c), the two distances (D1L, D1T) separating the axis (X) of said through orifice (6) respectively from two adjacent lateral faces (2, 4a, 4b, 4ba, 4bb, 4c) of the element (1a-1c) being equal.
  3. Construction element (1a-1c, 1d, 1e, 1f) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the through orifice (6) is offset with respect to the longitudinal axis (7) of the element by a value of between 3 and 15% of the width of said construction element (1a-1c).
  4. Construction element (1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first clearance (9, 9c) is produced at least partly in a first portion (10b, 10c) of the element which is opposite with respect to the median transverse axis (8) to a second portion (11) of the element comprising the through orifice (6).
  5. Construction element (1e, 1f) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a main part (33) having a general rectangular block form comprising the orifice (6), and a protruding part (34a, 34b) which has two right-angled walls (34a', 34a"; 34b', 34b") and which is secured against two adjacent lateral faces of said main part (33) in forming the first clearance (9) .
  6. Construction element (1e) according to Claim 5, characterized in that the two right-angled walls (34a', 34a") of the protruding part (34a) have the same width (L).
  7. Construction element (1f) according to Claim 6, characterized in that one wall (34b") of the protruding part (34b) has a width (L1) which is greater than the width (L) of the other right-angled wall (34b').
  8. Construction element according to any one of Claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the height (H1) of the protruding part (34a, 34b) is less than the height (H) of the main part (33).
  9. Construction element (1e, 1f, 1h) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a plurality of through cells (31, 32) filled with insulating material.
  10. Construction element (1c) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a second clearance (12) formed in a wall of the element on the opposite longitudinal lateral face (5c) and at least partly in the same first portion (10b, 10c) of the construction element (1c).
  11. Construction element (1a-1f) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the element (1a-1f) has a generally rectangular block form, and in that at least its top (16) and bottom faces are finish-ground such that said faces are parallel.
  12. Assembly of two adjacent walls (19, 20) comprising two wall panes (21, 22) each formed by a stack of unitary construction parts (23) of brick, block or breeze block type, extending respectively in two right-angled planes and of which the corner unit is formed by a vertical stack (17) composed of a plurality of construction elements (1a-1f) according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, the through orifices (6) of the elements (1a-1c) being aligned to form a hollow over the entire height of the stack (17a-17c, 18) .
  13. Assembly according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the construction elements (1a-1f) of the vertical stack have a generally rectangular block form and are stacked quoin-bond-fashion to form the corner unit (17a, 17b, 17b1, 17b2, 17c) of the two wall panes (21, 22), such that the longitudinal axes (8) of the stacked elements (1a-1f) are oriented alternatively in the plane of one and the other of the wall panes (21, 22).
  14. Assembly according to Claim 12 or Claim 13, characterized in that the through orifice (6) of each construction element (1a-1f) of the vertical stack (17a-17c) is offset with respect to the longitudinal axis of the element concerned (1a-1c) by a value expressed according to the formula (L-l)/2, in which L and 1 represent, respectively, the width of the construction elements (1a-1f) and the width of the other unitary construction parts (23) of the wall panes (21, 22), the longitudinal planes (24, 25) of the two wall panes (21, 22) intersecting at the axis (X) of the hollow of the vertical stack (17a-17c).
  15. Assembly according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the two adjacent lateral faces (2, 4a, 4b, 4b1, 4b2, 4c) of each construction element (1a-1f) forming the outer part of the corner unit extend at least partly from the respective wall panes (21, 22) by a distance of between 10 and 45 millimetres.
EP19167687.3A 2018-04-06 2019-04-05 Construction element such as a brick, breeze-block or stone block, and corner unit comprising at least one such stack Active EP3553242B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21176731.4A EP3904616A1 (en) 2018-04-06 2019-04-05 Construction element
PL19167687T PL3553242T3 (en) 2018-04-06 2019-04-05 Construction element such as a brick, breeze-block or stone block, and corner unit comprising at least one such stack

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1853035A FR3079854B1 (en) 2018-04-06 2018-04-06 CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT OF THE TYPE OF BRICK, Cinder Block OR STONE BLOCK, AND CORNER COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE SUCH STACK

Related Child Applications (2)

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EP21176731.4A Division EP3904616A1 (en) 2018-04-06 2019-04-05 Construction element
EP21176731.4A Division-Into EP3904616A1 (en) 2018-04-06 2019-04-05 Construction element

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EP3553242A1 EP3553242A1 (en) 2019-10-16
EP3553242B1 true EP3553242B1 (en) 2021-07-07

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EP21176731.4A Withdrawn EP3904616A1 (en) 2018-04-06 2019-04-05 Construction element

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FR3101898B1 (en) * 2019-10-15 2023-01-06 Collard Sebastien Construction element of door or window opening pillars

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2631561A1 (en) * 1976-07-14 1978-01-19 Aube Bauelemente Gmbh Concrete sheath wall tongued and grooves building blocks - has circular sectioned vertical shafts for concrete filling and with dia. between one third and one quarter of width
CA2175761A1 (en) * 1996-05-03 1997-11-04 Bodo Zschoppe Building system for a wall
CA2193942C (en) * 1996-12-24 2001-11-06 Frank Pacitto Mortarless retaining wall structure with improved lateral and longitudinal reinforcement for a vertical, set forward and/or set back retaining wall in whole or in part constructedby utilizing standardized blocks
JP4097793B2 (en) * 1998-08-06 2008-06-11 フクビ化学工業株式会社 Gap sealing material for decorative column and sealing structure of decorative column using the same
US8607516B2 (en) * 2010-05-28 2013-12-17 John Patrick O'Brien Quoin construction and installation system
FR3002777B1 (en) * 2013-03-04 2015-03-13 Rgo STRUCTURAL / INSULATING HYBRID CONSTRUCTION BLOCK
US8898977B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-12-02 Francesco Gulino Wedge-lock quoin corner assembly
FR3011017B1 (en) * 2013-09-25 2015-09-18 D B V Produits Beton FOUNDATION BLOCK WITH VERTICAL CHAINING

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FR3079854B1 (en) 2023-12-29
PL3553242T3 (en) 2022-01-10
PT3553242T (en) 2021-09-30
ES2892323T3 (en) 2022-02-03
FR3079854A1 (en) 2019-10-11
EP3904616A1 (en) 2021-11-03
EP3553242A1 (en) 2019-10-16

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