EP3546075A1 - Set of a markers, method for classifying objects and set of objects comprising these markers - Google Patents

Abstract

A marking system comprises a set of markings characterized by different brightness values. Different brightnesses are also expressed by different colors (30), focusing on the different brightness impression of the colors for the naked eye, supplemented by an agreement where such an order is not clear. By combining different colors (30) and different brightnesses (35) within the colors, the necessary number of graduations can be achieved. The markings are particularly advantageous for manual sorts, as they are recognizable without placing the mark in a particular orientation, e.g. Reading direction to the eye of the sorting persons to bring. Preferred applications find the marks in the delivery of mail pieces, in particular packages.

Description

The present invention relates to a set of marking arrangements according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, it relates to a method for ordering objects according to the preamble of the first method claim. Furthermore, it also relates to a set of objects available in this way.

A package (or general item of mail, including other parts intended for shipping, such as documents) means one or more items wrapped in packaging material to be transported by a sender to a recipient. Most European state and private parcel services ship packages with a weight of up to 31.5 kg and a maximum size of 120 x 60 x 60 cm.

• In der 1. Stufe werden die bei einem Paketdienstleister eingelieferten Sendungen nach Depots sortiert, von denen aus die Fahrer die Empfänger beliefern.
• In der 2. Stufe werden die Pakete in diesen Depots nach Touren sortiert, die meist identisch sind mit Fahrern oder Fahrzeugen.
• In der 3. Stufe werden die Pakete innerhalb der Touren nach der Reihenfolge sortiert, in der die Empfänger angefahren werden ("Fahrfolge").

For the transport of parcels it is necessary to sort them in several stages. There are typically three levels; depending on the size of a country or area of activity of a service provider, there may be more or less than these three levels.

• In the first stage, the consignments delivered to a parcel service provider are sorted by depots from which the drivers deliver to the recipients.
• In the second stage, the packages in these depots are sorted by tours, which are usually identical to drivers or vehicles.
• In the third stage, the packages are sorted within the tours in the order in which the recipients are approached ("sequence").

It must be distinguished according to which criterion packages are sorted on the individual stages and with which technical devices this sorting takes place.

Package sorting criteria 1st stage: sorting according to depots

The depots have predominantly numbers, but it is also conceivable sorting by name. These names depend on the location of the depot (that is, place names) or the area served by the depot (that is, names of regions or cardinal points).
The numbers or names of a depot can be found on the respective package However, they can also exist only virtually by assigning the addresses to a package in an automatic reading of the address.

2nd stage: Sort by tours

The tours are mostly numbers, but also the sorting by name is conceivable. The names then depend on the area served on each tour.
The numbers or names of a depot can be printed on the respective package, but they can also exist only virtually by the assignment of addresses to a package in an automatic reading of the address.

3rd stage: sorting according to driving sequence

The sequence (order of delivery on a tour) can be translated into numbers, package no. 1 is then delivered first, package no. 2 as second, etc. Unlike the 1st or 2nd stage, the numbers today are mostly not often printed on the packages, such numbers are not even virtually stored, but exist only in that a driver delivers the package in a standard order and previously sorted accordingly by the address.

Basically, it is possible to manually sort packages at all stages of package sorting. In the simplest case, a parcel is picked up by a person and placed in a place, for example in a roll container, which is destined for a depot. This process can be supported by conveyor belts.

In the 1st and 2nd stages, parcels are often sorted by sorting systems, where either the number of a destination is read in or a barcode from which the number of the destination is determined directly or indirectly via the ident number of the parcel, which is stored in the barcode is linked to the address of the recipient, from which in turn the address of the destination is derived.

Reasons for using the sorting systems are the avoidance of personnel costs, the physical strain, in particular by lifting, carrying and placing heavy packages, higher hourly rates and avoiding errors in sorting by human labor.

In the 3rd stage, parcels are sorted manually, ie by human labor, or placed on containers (pallets or roll containers) in the order of delivery or loaded directly into vehicles.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a set of marking arrangements which allow for a quick sorting of objects by persons.

Such a set of marking arrangements is specified in claim 1. The further claims specify preferred embodiments, methods for ordering objects and sets of objects thus available.

Accordingly, a key point of the present invention is to use markers that are well distinguishable in terms of brightness. Such markings offer, in particular, the advantage that they can be recognized independently of the position of the marked object, in contrast to e.g. Labels or number codes. In a preferred application, these markers are applied to labels which are then glued to the objects. One way of creating the markers are thermal printers that offer high speed. Color-printable thermal printers have been available for a shorter period of time.

Another aspect of using markers that differ in brightness impression can be seen as corresponding to everyday experience. In a closed room, e.g. Also, the load structure of a box delivery van, the objects that are farther back, that is further away from the door, are darker than those that are near the door.

One aspect of using gradations of brightness is that they must be relatively clear to allow for unambiguous association with the naked eye. As a result, the number of levels is significantly reduced, according to experience to no more than 10 or even less than 5 or 4. This limit can be remedied by additionally accessing colors. On the one hand, different colors already present a brightness difference, for example, yellow generally makes a very bright impression, while blue appears comparatively dark. Through the additional use of clearly distinguishable colors, a two-dimensional brightness matrix can be achieved, which still yields with the naked eye surely distinguishable sorting features with clear order.

• Fig. 1 Schematische Darstellung einer Sortierung der ersten und zweiten Stufe;
• Fig. 2 Schematische Darstellung einer Sortierung in der dritten Stufe;
• Fig. 3 Beispiel einer Markierung;
• Fig. 4 erste Variante eines Helligkeits- / Farbschemas und
• Fig. 5 zweite Variante eines Helligkeits- / Farbschemas.

The invention will be further explained with reference to preferred embodiments with reference to figures. Show it:

• Fig. 1 Schematic representation of a sorting of the first and second stage;
• Fig. 2 Schematic representation of a sorting in the third stage;
• Fig. 3 Example of a mark;
• Fig. 4 first variant of a brightness / color scheme and
• Fig. 5 second variant of a brightness / color scheme.

• R: Reiz,
• ΔR: Reiz-Unterschied,
• K: Physiologischer Unterschied.

A basis for the present invention is the brightness perception of the human eye. In particular, the question arises as to which brightness gradings can not be perceived and distinguished in a direct comparison, but in isolation. For the perceptibility of an external stimulus, Ernst Heinrich Weber set up Weber's Law in 1834: $$\mathit{K}=\frac{\mathrm{\Delta }\mathit{R}}{\mathit{R}}$$

• R: charm,
• ΔR: stimulus difference,
• K: Physiological difference.

For a noticeable difference in brightness, Weber gives a value of K> 1-2%. R represents the light intensity. However, these values were determined in the direct comparison of two brightness levels.

• I: Intensität [W / sr]
• Φ: Strahlungsleistung [W]
• Ω: Raumwinkel [sr]

As a measure of the brightness, the light intensity is assumed, which results as a quotient of radiant power and solid angle (steradian): $$\mathit{I}=\frac{\mathit{d\Phi }}{\mathit{dw}}$$

• I: intensity [W / sr]
• Φ: radiant power [W]
• Ω: solid angle [sr]

Accordingly, the ratio is decisive for the distinctness of brightnesses. For an assignment without having a comparison in mind, a larger ratio is needed. Empirically, a difference, ie ratio, of at least 15-20% was found. In other words, the intensity ratio lies between one darker and a lighter sample at not more than 0.85. Preferred are smaller such factors, for example 0.75, 0.66 (2/3) or 0.5, in order to improve the distinctness and to obtain a reliable assignment to a specific brightness level.

Such logarithmic scales are specified for sRGB, for example. According to this definition, the luminance (brightness value) for greater intensity is represented by a x ^{1 / 2.4} relationship (see Wikipedia (wikipedia.org) under the keyword "RGB")

For the present invention, however, very few steps are preferably used to allow a safe assignment to the naked eye. As a lower limit, therefore, a representation is required, which still provides a clearly recognizable color printing. The same should be recognizable even at the brightest value, ie the upper limit of the brightness value. Including these two limit values, the available range of brightness of a color in 4 is subdivided into not more than 6 levels, more preferably 5 or 4 levels. With such a small number of steps, a uniform distribution can be chosen regardless of whether the underlying scale is linear or is logarithmic in whole or in part in adaptation to physiological findings or technical limitations.

Mixed forms of linear and logarithmic or generally scales between linear and logarithmic are also applicable. For example, for sRGB at low light intensities a linear dependence of color value Y and light intensity L is used (Y = 12,92 L), at higher light intensities a root function Y = 1.055 * L ^{1 / 2.4} - 0.055.

Sort by colored labels in the 1st and 2nd stage

• Die mit einem vom Absender aufgebrachten Barcode versehenen und für die Sortierung vorgesehenen Pakete 1 werden bereitgestellt. Der Barcode enthält eine Ident-Nr., die eine Zuordnung auf die Empfängeradresse ermöglicht.
• Der Barcode wird eingescannt 2. Anhand der Adresse wird bestimmt, zu welchem Depot oder zu welcher Tour das Paket gehört, welche Nummer das Depot oder die Tour hat und welche Farbe dieser Nummer entspricht.
• Vom Drucker 3 wird ein Etikett 4 mit der entsprechenden Farbe (aber auch mit der Nummer der Destination) ausgedruckt. In diesem Beispiel ist "1" die hellste Farbe (z.B. Gelb), "2" die zweithellste Farbe (z.B. Rot), "3" die zweitdunkelste Farbe (z.B. Grün) und "4" die dunkelste Farbe (z.B. Blau). Die Zahlen für die Farben sind jeweils die in Fig. 1 in den Paketen 1 angegebenen.
• Das Etikett 4 wird auf das jeweilige Paket 1 geklebt.
• Das Paket 1 wird auf ein Förderband 5 gelegt.
• Sortierkräfte (symbolisiert durch Pfeile) 6 entlang des Förderbandes nehmen die Pakete ab, die für Destinationen bestimmt sind, für die die Sortierkräfte zuständig sind. Dabei orientieren Sie sich an der Farbe des Etikettes. Sie erkennen schon aus grösserer Entfernung, ob ein Paket für ihre Destination sich nähert.

FIG. 1 shows the method using the example of eight packages 1 and four depots or tours 10:

• The packages 1 provided with a sender-applied barcode and for sorting are provided. The barcode contains an ID number that allows an assignment to the recipient address.
• The barcode is scanned 2. The address determines which depot or which tour the package belongs to, which number the depot or the tour has and which color corresponds to this number.
• From the printer 3, a label 4 is printed with the corresponding color (but also with the number of the destination). In this example "1" is the brightest color (eg yellow), "2" the second brightest color (eg red), "3" the second darkest color (eg Green) and "4" the darkest color (eg blue). The numbers for the colors are each in Fig. 1 specified in the packages 1.
• The label 4 is glued to the respective package 1.
• The package 1 is placed on a conveyor belt 5.
• Sorting forces (symbolized by arrows) 6 along the conveyor belt remove the packets destined for destinations for which the sorting forces are responsible. In doing so, orient yourself by the color of the label. You can see from a distance whether a package is approaching for your destination.

If the sorting forces missed a package, this falls at the end of the conveyor belt and is then placed back at the beginning of the conveyor belt.

• Eine Sortierkraft ist für mehrere Destinationen zuständig, die derselben Farbe zugeordnet werden, die aber noch mit einer Nummer unterschieden werden. Z.B. ist eine Sortierkraft für vier Destinationen mit der Farbe "hellgelb" zuständig. Sie nimmt dann alle Pakete vom Förderband, die ein Etikett mit hellgelber Farbe aufweisen. Für die vier Destinationen ist dann noch eine Nummer auf dem Etikett aufgebracht, anhand der die Sortierkraft weiss, auf welche der vier Destinationen sie das Paket auszuscheiden hat.
• Statt einem Förderband können zwei bis vier Förderbänder verwendet werden, die sich sternförmig vom Mittelpunkt entfernen. Die Sortierkräfte, die die Pakete auf die Förderbänder legen, nehmen dann anhand einer Nummer eine Aufteilung auf die zwei bis vier Förderbänder vor. Vorteil dabei ist, dass jedem Förderband dann wiederum das volle Farbspektrum zur Verfügung steht.

For a larger number of destinations, the system can be extended as follows:

• A sorting force is responsible for several destinations that are assigned the same color, but which are still distinguished by a number. For example, a sorting force is responsible for four destinations with the color "light yellow". She then picks up all the packages from the conveyor that have a label of light yellow color. For the four destinations, a number is then added to the label, on the basis of which the sorting force knows to which of the four destinations it has to cancel the package.
• Instead of a conveyor belt two to four conveyor belts can be used, which move away from the center in a star shape. The sorting forces that put the packages on the conveyor belts then divide by a number into two to four conveyor belts. The advantage of this is that each conveyor belt then in turn has the full color spectrum available.

Sort by colored labels in the 3rd stage

Sorting in the third stage involves arranging the packages in the order in which the individual tour operator delivers the packages to the recipients. Depending on the size and weight of the packages and size of the delivery area, the loading capacity of the vehicle and the available time window, between 30 and 300 parcels are typically delivered for parcel delivery.

• Nummerierung der Pakete nach Anzahl Paketen
• Nummerierung der Pakete nach Anzahl Gebäuden (Zwei Pakete für dasselbe Gebäude haben dann dieselbe Nummer)
• Nummerierung der Pakete nach Anzahl Stopps (zwei oder mehrere Pakete für mindestens zwei Gebäude, die aber vom selben Parkplatz [= Stopp] aus bedient werden, haben dann dieselbe Nummer.)

Basically, the delivery takes place according to ascending numbers. Different variants are conceivable:

• Numbering of the packages by number of packages
• Numbering of packages by number of buildings (two packages for the same building will then have the same number)
• Parcel numbering after number of stops (two or more parcels for at least two buildings but operated from the same parking lot [= stop] will have the same number.)

The principle that colors are assigned to numbers can be used for all variants. Preferably, low numbers are assigned a light color and high numbers a dark color.

Prerequisite for the solution is that at the time of determining the driving sequence the addresses of all packages are known for the respective tour and the packages are physically present in the depot. This is ensured by scanning the identity code of the respective packets.

1. a. Die mit einem Barcode versehenen und bereits für eine einzelne Tour sortierten Pakete 1 werden bereitgestellt.
2. b. Der Barcode wird mit einem Scanner 2 eingescannt. Anhand der Adresse wird bestimmt, in welcher Reihenfolge die Auslieferung der Pakete erfolgt und welche Fahrfolge-Nummer sich daraus ergibt. Das Paket mit Nummer "1" wird dabei als erstes ausgeliefert, dann folgt Paket "2" usw.
3. c. Es wird ein Etikett mit der entsprechenden Farbe (aber auch mit der Nummer der Fahrfolge) ausgedruckt 3 und auf dem Paket angebracht. In diesem Beispiel haben Paket 1.1 und Paket 1.2 die hellste Farbe (Gelb), Paket 1.9 hat die dunkelste Farbe (Blau)
4. d. Das Etikett wird auf das Paket geklebt.
5. e. Die Pakete mit der dunkelsten Farbe werden als erstes in das Fahrzeug gelegt, später folgen die Pakete mit helleren Farben. Bei einer grossen Anzahl an Paketen ist auch denkbar, dass die Pakete unabhängig von ihrer Farbe zunächst auf "Stellplätze" sortiert werden.

Fig. 2 illustrates the method using the example of a tour with nine parcels 1. For each two parcels, the same color is used, except for the parcel 1.9 with no. 9. The distinguishability between the two parcels of the same color is ensured by the printing of the number. Thus, the color of the sorting force allows presorting, while the final sorting is then done by number.

1. a. The barcoded and already sorted for a single tour packages 1 are provided.
2. b. The barcode is scanned with a scanner 2. Based on the address, it is determined in which order the delivery of the packages takes place and which sequence number results from this. The package with number "1" will be delivered first, followed by package "2", etc.
3. c. A label with the corresponding color (but also with the number of the sequence) is printed 3 and attached to the package. In this example, Package 1.1 and Package 1.2 have the brightest color (Yellow), Package 1.9 has the darkest color (Blue)
4. d. The label is glued to the package.
5. e. The packages with the darkest color are placed first in the vehicle, later the packages follow with lighter colors. In the case of a large number of packages, it is also conceivable that the packages, irrespective of their color, are first sorted onto "parking spaces".

If sorting by color has already been performed for level 1 or 2, there is already a colored label on the package. In this case, the solution described in this section already uses d. one. The label must then have two colored surfaces 21, 25 (s. Fig. 3 ).

An advantage of the solution is that the sorting force intuitively detects whether a package is at the end or the beginning of the tour. Although this can also be expressed by numbers, by referring to the packet e.g. printed: "Package No. 101 of 127". This package is therefore part of the beginning of the last fifth of the tour. Cognitizing this by numbers, however, is a much more demanding and time consuming task than the fact that the package carries a green label, knowing that it belongs to the last fifth of the tour, and by virtue of the fact that it has a bright green label, knowing that it will be delivered at the beginning of this last fifth.

Using the same label for several sorting stages

If the sorting of the packages by color during the entire transport process takes place only for one sorting step, the labels have only one colored surface.

However, if the sorting of the packages by color but for at least two stages, so there are on the label 18 two colored areas 21,25. So that the sorting forces can distinguish these colored surfaces from each other, they have a significantly different size, as the following example shows. The sorting for level 2 (on tours) is signaled with the left-hand area 21, and the right-hand area 25 indicates the sorting for level 3 (on the route). Colored sorting for level 1 (depot) sorting was omitted in this example

Distinctive colors

The human eye can only distinguish a limited number of printable colors. The solution assumes that up to 25 printable colors can be used. For this purpose, first a division into five color groups is made (s. Fig. 4 ), namely yellow, red, magenta, blue and green. Within these color groups a gradation from light to dark is made, eg from light blue to dark blue.

While the classification within a color group is generally understood (for example, light blue is lighter than dark blue and thus assigned a lower number), the assignment to low and high numbers is not entirely unique in the color groups themselves. What is really clear is that the color group yellow is the brightest color, which is also expressed by the fact that in black and white representations yellow always has a lighter shade of gray than all other colors. With regard to the evaluation of the brightness of the other colors, it is necessary to agree and thus to train the sorting forces accordingly. For example, the following relationship is established: Yellow is brighter than red. Red is brighter than magenta. Magenta is brighter than green. Green is brighter than blue.

This results in the arrangement of color groups and assignments to ascending numbers according to Fig. 4 , In each of the five colors 30 five graduations 35 are made, resulting in 25 sorting levels.

Another possibility is in Fig. 5 shown. Here, a smaller number of brightness gradations 40 are used in each color, namely 4, which results in a clearer distinguishability within the colors. As compensation, a total of seven colors 45 are used, resulting in 28 gradations. As can be seen from the grayscale, there is a natural gradation of brightness for the colors yellow, orange, red, blue. For the colors magenta, cyan and green, however, an agreement must be made. Here, a transition from red to blue is taken as a guideline, resulting in the order of red, magenta, cyan, green, blue.

The selected colors are selected according to the maximum distance in the color model. In particular, the basic colors of the RGB system (red, green, blue) and their mixed colors are proposed here, namely yellow (red + green), cyan (green + blue) and magenta (red + blue). In addition there is the distinct color orange (red + green with about half intensity). The result is the following table in the RGB system, using only the numbers in the "Level" column with numbers:

The brightness levels are generated by RGB increments of about 50 to 80 in a range of 512 levels (256 "pure" levels and 256 lighter levels by blending, see below) per color, ie about 1/10 to 1/8 of the range , the brighter steps being preferred for better visibility. The average brightness corresponds to the combination in which at least one of the primary colors that composes the respective color reaches the maximum intensity. Darker tones are produced by evenly increasing the strength of the primary colors that compose the color, lighter ones by evenly blending the primary colors, which have no intensity at medium brightness.

As can be seen from the table, the brightest value, that is white, maintains a distance of about one level, since this brightness level already gives a clearly discernible color impression. By contrast, the darkest tone used is only just below the average brightness, as the color impression quickly loses itself in black, whereby a safety margin for unfavorable lighting conditions must also be taken into account.

The described markings or the corresponding marking method make it possible to arrange objects manually, rationally and safely in the sequence of a delivery sequence which enables the shortest or least time-consuming operation of a delivery vehicle. Thus, it is also possible to arrange the mailpieces on a support even with small distribution stations so that they can be directly and easily reordered loaded in a delivery vehicle.

From the foregoing description, variants and additions are available to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, which is indicated by the claims. It is conceivable, e.g. the application of the invention in other fields than the mail distribution, in which due to the diversity of the objects to be sorted must be resorted to, especially for smaller quantities on manual sorting, on the other hand, a sorting according to predetermined order is necessary.

• Zusätzlich zu einer Farbe wird ein Muster verwendet. Das Muster kann eine Schraffur sein, die eine dunklere Variante der Farbe symbolisieren kann. Durch Variation des Musters, z.B. parallele Linien, gekreuzte Linien, Wellenlinien usw. können weitere Gruppen von Helligkeiten erzeugt werden. Gegebenenfalls ist im Muster ein freigestelltes Feld für die Codierung vorhanden. Ein Muster kann auch eine Kontur umfassen, wobei eine auf einen Blick unterscheidbare bevorzugt ist, also Polygone von Dreieck bis höchstens Sechseck oder besser bis Fünfeck, Kreis, Oval, Ellipse. Die Kontur kann als Linie im Farbfeld oder als Kontur des Farbfelds ausgebildet sein. Denkbar sind auch beide Massnahmen parallel.
• Ein Satz Markierungsanordnungen kann Markierungsanordnungen mit nur einer Farbe, optional in Kombination mit einer geometrischen Figur, und mehrere Helligkeiten umfassen.

It is also conceivable:

• In addition to a color, a pattern is used. The pattern can be a hatch that can symbolize a darker variant of the color. By varying the pattern, eg parallel lines, crossed lines, wavy lines, etc., more can be added Groups of brightnesses are generated. Optionally, an exempted field for coding is present in the pattern. A pattern can also comprise a contour, one which is distinguishable at a glance, ie polygons from triangle to at most hexagon or better to pentagon, circle, oval, ellipse. The contour can be formed as a line in the color field or as a contour of the color field. Both measures are conceivable in parallel.
• A set of marker assemblies may include single color markers, optionally in combination with a geometric figure, and multiple brightnesses.

Claims (15)

A set of marking arrangements (18) for marking objects, characterized in that each marking arrangement (18) comprises at least one assignment field (21) provided with a phenomenon of brightness, a phenomenon composed of a color and optionally a pattern, each a phenomenon associated with each brightness is associated with a target so that an object is assignable by attaching a marker assembly to the target. Set of marking arrangements (18) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one color, preferably all colors, in brightnesses L in at most 10 steps, with increasing preference at most 8, 7, and 6 gradations from minimum to maximum brightness, wherein the each lightest and darkest stage corresponds essentially white or black. A set of marking assemblies (18) according to claim 2, characterized in that the gradations of the brightness are distributed substantially equally spaced on a brightness scale of the respective color, the brightness scale being a linear, logarithmic or a characteristic of light intensity intermediate the characteristic, to ensure distinctness with the naked eye. Set of marking arrangements (18) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that there are at most 8 colors, with increasing preference at most 7, 6 or 5 colors. Set of marking arrangements (18) according to claim 4, characterized in that the colors are at least one, preferably all, of three primary colors, wherein the three primary colors substantially white either with additive mixture or result in substantially subtractive black mixture. Set of marking arrangements (18) according to claim 5, characterized in that in addition at least one color is present, which is a 1: 2 mixture or 1: 1 mixture of two primary colors by brightness values, and preferably all colors are primary colors or such a mixture , Set of marking arrangements (18) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the assignment field has an area of at least 9 cm ² , preferably at least 16 cm ² , and more preferably at least 20 cm ² , to a clear distinctness with bare To get an eye .. Set of marking arrangements (18) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a first and a second allocation field (21; 25) is present, wherein the first allocation field (25) in at least one dimension by at least 50%, preferably at least 75% and more preferably at least 100% greater than the second (21). Set of marking arrangements (18) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the marking arrangements are mounted on a support, preferably a self-adhesive support. Method for arranging a number of objects (1), characterized in that each object is provided with at least one assignment field (21, 25) from a set of marking arrangements (18) according to one of Claims 1 to 9. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the objects (1) are arranged for removal according to a predetermined order from one end of the order, wherein an assignment field (21, 25) with increasingly darker mark corresponds to either a later or earlier withdrawal and specify the colors used in order of brightness according to order of brightness or subordinate order. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the order for at least two colors corresponds to the brightness impression of the colors for the naked eye. Set of objects (1) each having a marking arrangement (18) according to one of claims 1 to 9 or arranged according to one of claims 10 to 12. Set of objects according to claim 13, characterized in that the marking arrangements (18) are printed on a respective label and the label is mounted on the surface of the respective object. Set of objects according to one of claims 13 to 14, characterized in that the objects are parcels which are transported to a receiver.

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