EP3524921A1 - Launch mechanism of a firearm - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for triggering a firearm with an open breech comprising a stopper (5) making it possible to stop the forward movement of moving parts (2), a trigger (10) allowing the raising of the stopper (5) during the backward movement of the moving parts (2), a rocker (12) actuating the stopper (5) and the trigger (10) during the starting and stopping of shots and a trigger tail (13) linked to the lever (12) by a disconnector (11) which can switch from a position of mechanical coupling between the trigger (13) and the lever (12), to a position of mechanical decoupling between the trigger tail (13) and the lever (12), the lever (12) swinging from a firing position to a rest position when the disconnector (11) switches from its coupling position to its decoupling position, so to prevent the start of the next shot if the trigger (13) is kept in the firing position.

Description

Object of the invention

The present invention relates to a starting mechanism of a firearm, in particular an automatic or semi-automatic firearm operating with an open breech.

State of the technique

A machine gun is traditionally a weapon used for suppression fire. The goal of suppression fire is to water the combat zone with a large amount of projectiles. We then speak of the quality of "firepower" of the weapon used.

In order to achieve this suppression shot, the firing with a band of ammunition is privileged because it makes it possible to draw a large quantity of ammunition without having to stop to change charger.

Because of this large quantity of ammunition, there is a very important warm-up of the weapon and the cannon. As a result, there is a significant risk that the powder of a cartridge awaiting firing into the barrel chamber will self-ignite (cook-off). The cook-off is therefore a start of unwanted and unwanted shot (the shooter has not pressed the trigger of the weapon to control the shot). Rifles operating at "closed breech" all have this risk of safety defect. To operate with closed breech means that the breech is locked on the chamber of the barrel awaiting the departure of a blow. In contrast, traditionally, machine guns usually fire at "open breech", that is to say they do not have the breech locked on the chamber of the barrel while waiting for the shot. The breech is behind the carcass, waiting to be released to feed a munition in the room. In this way, the risk of cook-off in open breech is zero since the ammunition to shoot is in a cold zone (barrel chamber).

Because of their use at high firing speeds, firing control usually includes only an automatic function. That is, the weapon fires only in a burst. It does not fire in semi-automatic mode, that is to say pull only one shot each time the trigger is pressed. Closed-breech shotguns often have dual functionality: semi-automatic shooting and automatic shooting.

Historically, the principle of a firing control for machine guns has changed little since the MG42 developed in Germany during the Second World War. The starting mechanism consists of a trigger tail, a stopper stopping the moving parts in the open position, the rear of the carcass, and a trigger holding the stopper in the down position during the movement towards the 'before moving parts. To release the movement of the moving parts (breech and breech support), it is necessary to press the trigger which pushes on the stop to erase it from the stroke of moving parts. During this movement of the trigger the front end of the stopper is intercepted by the trigger which is not in the path of moving parts as the operator presses the trigger. When the operator releases the trigger tail, the trigger returns to the path of the moving parts by holding the stopper in the firing position until the moving parts retreat. When the moving parts move backwards, they push the trigger backwards, which releases the stop. The moving parts are then again blocked by the stop in the rear position under the pressure of the recovery spring of the weapon.

The trigger mechanism allows some limitation of the trigger sear wear as it ensures that the moving parts are stopped in the most rearward position possible. When the moving parts are at the rear, their speed is low, which implies that the kinetic energy of the moving parts, which will be communicated to the stop when stopped, will be at its minimum. In addition, this mechanism avoids the risk that the moving parts are held by the anti-runaway notch while the machine gun does not suffer a lack of recoil. The anti-runaway screen is a locking screen below the moving parts to block them when they do not back away enough to hook the normal screen. In the absence of such a notch, a lack of recoil can prevent the hanging of the moving parts at the stop when the trigger is released, inducing a gust of fire while the operator seeks to stop the shot. To prevent such a runaway, the anti-runaway screen is arranged to lock the moving parts in their forward motions just after hanging the back of the standby cartridge. In this way, a lack of hindsight that would not hang over the anti-runaway screen could not charge a new cartridge, preventing further shooting.

On the MG 42 and the weapons that have resumed its starting mechanism, the security is achieved by a pusher system transverse to the axis of the barrel of the weapon. In the position allowing the automatic firing the pusher allows the lowering of the stop which releases the moving parts. When safety is engaged, the stopper abuts the pusher before the moving parts can disengage from the trigger. This particularly simple and effective mechanism does not allow the rearming of the weapon when security is engaged or semi-automatic firing.

Not all weapon mechanisms with open yokes have the trigger system. In the absence of trigger, the trigger tail directly controls the stop. This means that it is possible for the operator to release the stop while the moving parts are moving forward. In this case, the stop will not necessarily hook the moving parts with an optimal contact (face against face), that with a speed of moving parts potentially important (if the catch not stopped by the stop is not the notch corresponding to the moving parts in the rear position but the anti runaway screen), which implies that the wear of the stop trigger is increased compared to that of a mechanism having a trigger. Too much damage to the trigger can compromise the safety and reliability of the weapon.

For this system the security consists of a movable axis transverse to the weapon and limiting the movement of the stopper when the weapon is in "safe" position. This implies that the weapon can not be reset if the safety is engaged because the stop can not fade from the path of moving parts when they recede. Another consequence is that safety can not be engaged if the moving parts are ahead because the trigger keeps the stop cleared until the moving parts have been moved back manually.

To allow the rearming of an open breech-bearing weapon when the safety of the latter is engaged, the patent EP 2205925 B1 describes a particular mechanism in which the retainer consists of two parts: a stop lever and a safety lever. A spring between the stop lever and the safety lever forces the latter into a rest position so that it does not perform its stop function against the firing selector when the parts mobiles are pulled backwards while security is engaged. As the moving parts return forward under the strain of the recovery spring, the moving parts tilt the safety lever and stop at the stop lever. By tilting, the safety lever is placed in a position that allows it to perform a function of limiting the stroke of the stop when the safety is engaged.

A disadvantage of the system proposed in the patent EP 2205925 B1 is that to allow the user to engage security regardless of the condition of the weapon, it is necessary to allow a certain range of movement to the trigger tail, even in the safety position. To allow a clear blocking of the stroke of the trigger tail by the safety lever, the patent EP 2831531 B1 describes a modified mechanism to allow the user to engage safety regardless of the position of the stop. In this new mechanism, the trigger tail and the trigger have been disengaged by the introduction of an intermediate piece. In fact, the stroke of the trigger tail can be canceled by the fire selector when the latter is in the safety position while the stopper is held in the low position by the trigger.

Mechanisms in patents EP 2205925 B1 and EP 2831531 B1 have a major flaw with regard to the safety of the weapon especially in adverse conditions. The rest position of the safety lever is obtained via a spring and corresponds to a position allowing the stalling of moving parts. This implies that the safety lever is more likely to be locked in a position allowing the release of moving parts by the stopper by debris of a relatively small size that can slip between the stop and the safety lever. In this case, the weapon can be placed in a safe position and present all the symptoms of a weapon safely while the stroke of the stop is not limited. Under these circumstances the weapon presents a major risk for its operator and the entire combat unit because the weapon is handled as if it were safe while nothing hinders the release of moving parts by the stop . The probability of the weapon presenting this risky situation is all the greater as the integration of the safety lever directly on the retainer requires the use of very small parts (safety lever return spring, safety lever, axis of the safety lever ...), each of which can cause a fault.

Another disadvantage of the system presented by EP 2205925 B1 and EP 2831531 B1 is the fact that the safety lever is directly supported on the axis of safety (pivoting lever serving as a two-position fire selector: safe and automatic). This architecture has the disadvantage of putting the efforts related to the limitation of the movement of the stopper on an intermediate part with respect to the sub-guard. In addition to the lower intrinsic control of the position of the stop when the security is engaged (dispersions related to the realization of parts accumulate, so the fewer parts there is the positioning is accurate), it should be noted that the contact that limits the movements of the stop (between the safety lever and the safety axis) is made on a cam-shaped part. This form of cam is necessary to allow the movement of the stopper when the selector lever is in the automatic firing position, but also to allow the descent of the stop when the moving parts are brought back while security is engaged. .

In patents EP 2205925 B1 and EP 2831531 B1 , the selector switches from the "safe" position to the "auto" position by rotating the safety axis. This rotational movement is more ergonomic for the operator, but an angular position uncertainty (which is not necessarily related to a manufacturing defect of the weapon but also to an uncertain handling of the operator or the stresses of the environment ...) of the safety axis will pose a significant risk to the safety of people being close to the machine gun. Indeed, a bad angular positioning of the safety axis will result in the possibility for the safety lever to skid against the surface of the cam and thus allow the movement of the stop allowing the accidental departure of a stroke.

Finally another disadvantage of the starting mechanism described in the patents EP 2205925 B1 and EP 2831531 B1 is the lack of a semi-automatic firing function. The lack of semi-automatic firing capability is detrimental to the flexibility of a versatile machine gun. The need for versatility of the weapon is related to deployment issues and in particular to the level at which the weapon is to be distributed.

Historically, non-ammunition-fired weapons with open bolts had both semi-automatic and automatic functions. These include the Bren submachine gun and the Uzi submachine gun. These weapons are hybrids between support weapons and individual weapons that allow their operators to fulfill the support role for a limited time to support other operators using weapons with more limited firepower (a rifle or gun). However, the charger power supply has intrinsic limitations that do not allow the user of an automatic rifle (or a submachine gun) to maintain its firepower long enough to provide as much support as a machine gun.

The semi-automatic operation of these open bolt weapons is often achieved via a disconnector between the trigger tail and the stopper. The stroke of the trigger tail is more limited when the fire selector is in the automatic firing position so that the trigger tail keeps the stopper in the down position (cleared from the detents on moving parts). When the fire selector is in the semi-automatic firing position, the stroke of the trigger is sufficient for the disconnector to come into abutment before the trigger and release the stopper that intercepts the moving parts after the first shot. . If this solution has been accepted a time for some weapons, it has the disadvantage of being theoretically fallible if the operator is pressing hard enough on the trigger to release the slide but not enough for the race to be completely completed. At this point the gun was fired while the operator was expecting a single shot which is a major security problem.

To maintain an identical tail-trigger stroke when the selector is in the semi-automatic firing position and when the selector is in the automatic firing position, the UZI submachine gun's firing selector does not act on the tail stroke. relaxing but directly on the disconnector. When the selector is in the semi-automatic firing position, a stop is present on the movement of the disconnector which releases the stopper. This solution is particularly simple, but does not solve the risk of a burst firing when the fire selector is in the semi-automatic firing position. This defect is, however, limited by the fall of the force required on the trigger tail at the time of the stall of moving parts.

This principle has been incorporated in the patent US 2011/0168008 A1 to allow semi-automatic firing at a MAG 58 (M240) machine gun. In addition to the semi-automatic safety defect of such a system, this mechanism has the main disadvantage the absence of the trigger system yet present in the MAG 58 and M240 machine guns. In the absence of the trigger mechanism, the wear of the trigger trigger is a sufficiently important problem to compromise the reliability (variation of the force required on the trigger tail which will be interpreted as a degraded operation) and the safety (Less snapping of moving parts on the trigger) of the weapon during its lifetime.

To enable a safer semi-automatic firing mode, the designers of the BREN submachinegun have opted for a mechanism with a rather special disconnector. The latter has two possibilities of contact to cause the lowering of the stop and a protrusion that can come in the path of moving parts. When the selector is in the automatic firing position, the disconnector joins the detent to the stopper from the bottom of the latter so that the protrusion of the disconnector is not in the path of the moving parts. In this case the stroke of the trigger tail is rather long with a fairly low effort (the lever lever of the disconnector on the stop being at its maximum). When the fire selector is in the semi-automatic firing position, the disconnector is in the up position so that the protrusion is in the path of the moving parts. When the operator presses the trigger, the effort and transmitted to the stop that releases the moving parts. As the moving parts move forward, they press on the disconnector that releases the lift from the stop. This happens as soon as the moving parts are released so that the retainer is in position again to stop the moving parts after the first shot. As the connection between the disconnector and the stopper is from the top, the lever arm of the disconnector on the stop is low. This results in a decrease in the stroke of the trigger tail with maximum effort to trigger the shot.

goals of the invention

• permettre le tir en semi-automatique avec une architecture de mitrailleuse à culasse ouverte, tout en conservant la fonction de déclencheur entre le mouvement de la détente et l'accrochage des pièces mobiles par l'arrêtoir.
• Permettre d'engager la sécurité de tir quel que soit la condition de l'arme (notamment la position des pièces mobiles) et une fois la sécurité engagée de permettre le réarmement de l'arme (de déplacer les pièces mobiles de l'avant vers l'arrière au moyen de la manette d'armement).
• Conserver le mécanisme d'arrêt de tir avec déclencheur que ce soit en tir automatique ou en tir semi-automatique pour limiter l'usure de la gâchette de l'arrêtoir et conserver un même niveau de fiabilité et de sécurité tout au long de la durée de vie du produit.
• Accessoirement, toutes ces opérations doivent être réalisées au moyen d'un sélecteur de tir rotatif, c'est-à-dire un sélecteur de tir semblable à celui d'un fusil classique.

The various aspects of the invention seek to solve at least one of the following problems:

• allow semi-automatic firing with an open-breech machine gun architecture, while maintaining the trigger function between the movement of the trigger and the attachment of the moving parts by the stop.
• Enable to engage firing safety regardless of the condition of the weapon (including the position of the moving parts) and once the safety engaged to allow the rearming of the weapon (to move the moving parts from the front towards the rear by means of the cocking lever).
• Maintain the firing stop mechanism with trigger whether in automatic fire or semi-automatic firing to limit the wear of the trigger of the stop and maintain the same level of reliability and safety throughout the duration of product life.
• Incidentally, all these operations must be performed by means of a rotary firing selector, that is to say a firing selector similar to that of a conventional rifle.

These requirements are intended to allow a machine gun to have control ergonomics comparable to that of a rifle without compromising its support capabilities.

summary of the invention

The present invention relates to an expansion device for an open bolt-action firearm comprising a stopper for stopping the forward movement of moving parts, a trigger for raising the stopper during the backward movement of moving parts, a rocker actuating the stop and the trigger when starting and stopping shots and a trigger tail linked to the rocker by a disconnector that can switch from a mechanical coupling position between the trigger and the trigger toggles, at a mechanical decoupling position between the trigger and the rocker, the rocking lever from a firing position to a rest position when the disconnector switches from its coupling position to its decoupling position, so as to prevent the start of the next stroke when the trigger tail is held in the firing position.

Advantageously, the disconnection between the trigger rod and the rocker is obtained by a stop in the device positioned in the path of the disconnector.

Alternatively, and preferred, the disconnector is arranged so that the moving movement of the moving parts disconnects the mechanical connection between the rocker and the trigger tail.

Preferably, the moving parts comprise a cam on their lower surface arranged to disconnect the mechanical coupling between the rocker and the trigger tail during the movement of the moving parts forward.

Advantageously, the expansion device of the invention comprises a disconnector trigger that can occupy a rest position or a disconnection position, said disconnector trigger comprising a disconnection lever arranged, when in the disconnected position, between the rocker and the disconnector and a disconnect cam controlled by the movement of the moving parts, the disconnector disconnecting the mechanical connection between the rocker and the detent when a cam under the moving parts displace the cam disconnection.

Preferably, the preferred alternative of the invention comprises a firing selector for selecting between a semi-automatic firing function and an automatic firing function.

Advantageously, the semi-automatic or automatic firing mode is selected by modifying the fulcrum of the disconnector on the trigger or flip-flop so that the disconnector can not disconnect the trigger tail from the flip-flop when the Auto fire mode is selected.

Preferably, the selection of the semi-automatic or automatic firing mode is achieved by moving the disconnector trigger out of the path of the moving parts and the disconnector path so that the disconnector can not disconnect the trigger tail from the disconnect path. Toggles when the auto fire mode is selected.

Advantageously, a security function authorizing the loading function when security is engaged, said security function being performed by a security element comprising a blocking surface for blocking the stopper in the stopping position of the moving parts, said security element supported on a fixed part of the weapon and can be erased by the moving parts when it moves from a forward position to a rear position. In this configuration, the selection function of the semi-automatic firing function and the selection function of the safety function are preferably performed by the same command.

Preferably, the control mechanism consists of a rotary lever actuating a slider operating in translation and allowing activation or deactivation of the functions related to semi-automatic firing, automatic firing and security so that three positions the lever correspond to a safety position, a semi-automatic firing position and an automatic firing position.

Advantageously, the slide comprises a safety control light in which a safety control pin disposed on the security element moves, the shape of said safety control light being determined so that, when the lever of selector is in the safety position, the safety element can move between a locking position of the stop and a non-locking position of the stop, and when the lever is in another position, the element of safety is in the non-locking position of the stop.

Preferably, the slider includes a disconnector trigger control light in which a disconnector trigger control pin disposed on the disconnector trigger is moved, the shape of said trigger control light. disconnector being determined so that when the selector lever is in the semi-automatic position, the disconnector trigger can move between its disconnected position and its rest position, and when the lever is in an automatic position , the disconnector trigger is locked in the rest position, out of the path of the moving parts.

Advantageously, the various slider lights comprise notches in which the different lugs are housed when the selector is at a selection position, so as to avoid that the selector can find a position of stable equilibrium between two positions, making the poorly defined weapon status.

Description of figures

• The figure 1 shows an exploded view of an example of a starting device according to the invention.
• The Figures 2a to 2d represent different sections of an exemplary mechanism of the invention with the various assembled parts, the moving parts being arranged in the rear position and the safety being engaged.
• The figure 2e represents a perspective view of the example mechanism of Figures 2a to 2d (in the safety position).
• The figure 3 represents a section of a device according to the invention, selector in the semi-automatic position.
• The figure 4 represents a section of the device of the figure 3 where the slider is no longer visible, pressed down tail, moving parts moving forward.
• The figure 5 represents the same cut as the figure 4 , after stalling the disconnector.
• The figure 6 shows a section of the device of the figure 2 , the slider being visible, the selector in the automatic position and the weapon at rest.
• The figures 7 and 7a show a section of the device of the figure 6 , to better observe the interaction between the different parts.
• The figure 8 shows an alternative mechanism of disconnection between the trigger and the rocker, partially trigger trigger.
• The figure 9 shows the disconnection mechanism of the figure 8 , tail relaxing at the end of the race.
• The figure 10 shows the mechanism of the figure 8 , in automatic mode.
• The figure 11 shows an alternative of automatic operation.

Legend of the figures

• 1. Security element
• 2. Moving parts
• 3. Sliding surface the security element
• 4. Safety Control Surfaces Under Moving Parts (and Lowering the Stopper)
• 5. Stopper
• 6. Spring of the security element
• 7. Security Element Axis
• 8. Safety control tab
• 9. Stopper stop
• 10. Shutter release
• 11. Disconnector
• 12. Toggle
• 13. Tail of relaxation
• 14. Disconnector trigger
• 15. Trigger hook
• 16. Trigger axis
• 17. Tailpin and rocker shaft
• 18. Disconnector pin (fixed to the rocker)
• 19. Toggle Control Toggle
• 20. Slider
• 21. Security element control light
• 22. Toggle control light
• 23. Disconnect Trigger Control Light
• 24. Shooting and safety selector lever
• 25. Shooting control assembly box
• 26. slide control gear
• 27. Handle
• 28. Shooting control casing
• 29. Axis
• 30. Disconnector pin
• 31. Trigger tab
• 32. Disconnect Trigger Control Pin
• 33. Release release of the trigger tail
• 34. Tail lock tab
• 35. Disconnect Trigger Disconnect Lever
• 36. Disconnector trigger disconnect disc
• 37. Sliding control rack
• 38. Disconnect Trigger Pin
• 39. Antirunaway cran
• 40. Disconnector stopper
• 41. disconnecting stopper
• 42. selection notch
• 50. Second disconnector lug

detailed description

• Le réarmement de l'arme doit être possible lorsque le sélecteur de tir est en position de sécurité.
• Le sélecteur de tir doit pouvoir passer en position de sécurité quel que soit la condition de l'arme.

There are two constraints to take into account in the development of a safety mechanism that allows a machine gun to meet safety criteria similar to those of a rifle (in terms of handling the weapon):

• The rearming of the weapon must be possible when the fire selector is in the safety position.
• The fire selector must be able to enter the safety position regardless of the condition of the weapon.

The performance of these two functions must not compromise the safety of the operator from the moment the fire selector is in the safety position.

To do this, according to the invention, when the fire selector is in the safety position, the stroke of the stop is limited by a security element bearing on a stationary part of the weapon. This security element can be cleared from the stroke of the stopper to allow the passage of moving parts from the front to the rear of the weapon. Cams under the moving parts allow this erasure. A return spring returns the safety element into the path of the stopper each time a detent of moving parts exceeds the trigger of the stop.

The fire selector is connected to the security element so as to allow it to be moved when the fire selector is in the safety position but forcing the erasure of the safety element of the stroke of the stop when the fire selector is in a firing position (semi-automatic or automatic).

On a rifle, the commitment of safety results in the blocking of the movement of the tail of relaxation as well as the incapacity for the weapon to fire. The possibility of engaging the safety of a weapon regardless of its condition is an appreciable element because it reduces the risk for the operator without complicating the handling of the weapon.

To allow the engagement of the safety and the reloading by the operator while the stopper and maintained in low position by the trigger, the trigger is not mounted in rotation on the tail of trigger but mounted directly on the stop or on a moving rocker positioned between the trigger tail and the trigger.

Preferably, when the trigger is mounted on the stopper, the connection between the trigger and the trigger is performed via a hook shape allowing the trigger tail to return to its rest position even if the trigger continues to keep the stopper in a low position. This peculiarity makes it possible to solve the problem of engagement of the safety of the weapon whatever its condition by dispensing with the two-piece separation of the trigger tail which is the solution proposed in the patent. EP 2831531 B1 (more expensive solution). Nevertheless, an intermediate flip-flop may be useful for semi-automatic use. In this case, the trigger hook does not rest directly on the trigger, but on the intermediate rocker. Note that in this case, the rocker is only useful for semi-automatic firing: when the safety reset is initiated, the flip-flop is not necessarily disconnected from the trigger tail.

Regarding the realization of security allowing manipulation similar to that of a rifle, the essential element is the presence of a security element resting on a rigid part of the weapon, limiting the stroke of the rifle. stopper to prevent movement of moving parts, but which can be cleared by moving parts when moving parts from front to rear.

Preferably, the trigger is mounted on the stop and not on the trigger, allowing integration into the firing selector of a stop to limit the stroke of the trigger while allowing the safety of the weapon whatever the condition of the weapon. Limiting the stroke of the trigger is a simple and effective indicator to indicate to the operator that the fire selector is in the safety position.

Advantageously, the direction of erasure of the security element is forward, so that the action of the moving parts during their rearward movement on the security element is interrupted before the notch stopping the moving parts has completely exceeded the trigger of the stop. Thus, the security element resumes its function as soon as the stop goes up after crossing each notch moving parts so that there is no risk that an intermediate position where the moving parts could rest on the stop without security is engaged.

The reversal between the erasure direction of the safety element and the allowed movement of the moving parts can be obtained via an oblique contact between the two sets (of the cam shapes) or through an intermediate lever to the two sets .

If the provision for the reversal of the permitted movement direction of the moving parts and the erasure movement of the security element can not be respected, it is nonetheless important to advance the release of the element safety by the moving parts with respect to the crossing of the trigger trigger by the notch of moving parts. This can be achieved by a longitudinal shift of the rack clearing the security element relative to the notches of movable parts, or by a longitudinal shift of the index retracting the security element relative to the position of the trigger trigger.

• La queue de détente est divisée en deux éléments. L'un de ces éléments assure toujours la fonction de queue de détente par rapport à l'utilisateur. Cet élément est désigné ci-après comme la queue de détente. L'autre pièce réalise les fonctions internes à l'arme à savoir pousser sur l'arrêtoir pour libérer le mouvement des pièces mobiles et agir sur le déclencheur pour permettre l'arrêt des pièces mobiles. Cette pièce est nommée ci-après la bascule.
• Une fonction de déconnection est ajoutée entre la queue de détente et la bascule de sorte que, lorsque le sélecteur de tir est placé sur la position de tir semi-automatique, le mouvement d'avance des pièces mobiles provoque une désolidarisation entre la queue de détente et la bascule permettant à cette dernière de basculer en position d'arrêt de tir alors que l'opérateur appuie toujours sur la queue de détente.

To enable semi-automatic operation, the starting mechanism has been modified according to the following principle:

• The trigger tail is divided into two elements. One of these elements still ensures the function of the trigger tail relative to the user. This element is hereinafter referred to as the trigger tail. The other piece performs the internal functions of the weapon namely to push the stopper to release the movement of moving parts and act on the trigger to allow the stopping of moving parts. This piece is named below the rocker.
• A disconnection function is added between the trigger tail and the rocker such that when the firing selector is placed on the semi-automatic firing position, the advance movement of the moving parts causes a detachment between the trigger tail. and the rocker allowing the latter to switch to the firing stop position while the operator is still pressing the trigger tail.

Alternatively, the disconnection can be obtained by a stop disposed in the path of the disconnector. According to a first alternative, this stop is placed in the path of the disconnector only when the firing selector is in semi-automatic position. According to a second alternative, the stop is fixed, but the stroke of the trigger tail is limited automatically so as to prevent contact between the stop and the disconnector.

In the case of disconnection by the moving parts, the disconnection function between the rocker and the trigger tail can be performed in one piece if the stroke of the trigger tail is different between the automatic firing mode and the mode. semi-automatic shooting. In this case the moving parts act directly on the disconnector when the firing selector is in the semi-automatic position. This method is simple to implement but has the disadvantage of modifying the control effort requested by the operator according to whether he pulls semi-automatic or automatic.

It is not uncommon to observe a difference in the positioning of the impacts of a weapon (error of accuracy) as a function of the variation of the command force required from the operator. Indeed it has deported his weapon in a different way if it must force differently on the tail of relaxation burst or shot by blow. In addition, a large variation in the force or stroke necessary to release the moving parts can be interpreted by the operator as a malfunction of the weapon. This possibility of confusion between the operation of the weapon and degraded operation tends to undermine the confidence of the operator in his weapon that he thinks is of poor quality.

For this reason it is preferable to use a two-piece mechanism for disconnection (ie the disconnector and a disconnector trigger). In this type of mechanism the disconnector always acts between the trigger and the flip-flop, but the disconnection control is communicated by the moving parts to the disconnector via the disconnector trigger. In this case, the firing selector no longer acts on the stroke of the trigger but on the positioning of the disconnector trigger before firing. When the firing selector is in the semi-automatic firing position, the firing trigger is in a rest position in the path of the moving parts, whereas when the firing selector is in the firing position, the firing trigger is disconnector is placed in a position out of the path of the moving parts.

Finally it should be noted that if it is not necessary that the firing selector allowing the security of the weapon is the same as that allowing the selection between a semi-automatic operation and an automatic operation, it is preferable that the choice between these different functions goes through the same command in the form of a rotary lever with three positions. The junction between the lever and the various elements performing the security and semi-automatic functions can be direct. In this case, it can be complicated to simultaneously control many potentially distant parts of each other.

Another aspect of the invention therefore relates to a selector slide transforming the position of the lever into a possible positioning of the parts (in particular the element of safety and trigger disconnector) via lights whose shape allows to block (or limit movement) lugs on the parts to be controlled, or to leave a degree of freedom to said lug (for example for safety). This slider is particularly interesting in the example described below, but, it is more generally advantageous whenever the various elements to control are numerous and distant from each other.

It may be interesting for the link to be the fire selector and the selector slider to be a geared rack-and-pinion type link. Other alternatives are nevertheless possible (eccentric on the selector passing in a vertical oblong hole in the selector slider or crank connecting system ...).

Finally, to allow the realization of a combination between a system incorporating the semi-automatic function and the security system for rearming the weapon in a small footprint, it may be useful for the axis of the firing selector to also realize the rotation axis function for the stop.

Example

The figure 1 shows an exploded view of an example of a starting device according to the invention.

This device comprises a stopper 5 for stopping the moving parts 2 in the rear position by resting on notches formed in the bottom of the moving parts 2.

This stopper 5 comprises in its front part an axis 16 supporting a trigger 10. This trigger comprises at its base a hook 15. The stop and trigger assembly are attached to the devices via an axis 29. This trigger 10 keeps the stopper 5 out of the path of the moving parts 2 during their forward movement, even when the trigger tail 13 is released. The positioning of the trigger 10 at the end of the stop allows the security and reloading of the weapon regardless of the state of the weapon.

A rocker 12 is disposed between the trigger 13 and the stop 5. This latch 12 disconnects the trigger 13 of the stop 5 which, as we will see later, will allow the selection of a shot semi-automatic.

The semi-automatic firing function is essentially implemented by the presence of a disconnector 11 and a disconnector trigger 14, making it possible to separate the trigger tail 13 from the flip-flop 5.

The safety function is essentially implemented by the addition of a safety element 1 and by the presence of a locking pin 34 of the trigger tail 13.

The selection of the different modes of operation of the weapon to know security, shot by shot, or automatic firing is performed by means of a slider 20 actuated by a gear 26 disposed on an axis 29 and actuated by the firing selector 24.

How security works

The Figures 2a to d represent different sections of a mechanism of the invention with the various assembled parts, the moving parts being arranged in the rear position and the safety being engaged.

As seen the moving parts 2 are locked in the rear position by the stopper 5, the stopper 5 being further maintained in the upper position by the security element 1 blocking the stopper 9 of the stopper in the high position. This security element 1 is held in this position by a spring 6. It is seen in this situation the fact of pressing the trigger 13 does not move the stop and release the moving parts.

It is also observed that the safety control light 21 of the slider 20 allows the rotation, and therefore the erasure of the security element when the moving parts are moved backwards. This erasure is induced by the sliding of the sliding surface 3 on the corresponding surfaces 4 under the moving parts.

Furthermore, the movement of the rocker 12 is limited by the lug 19 in the slot 22 and the movement of the trigger pin 13 is limited by the locking pin 34 of the trigger tail 13 resting under the slide 20 .

Semi-automatic operation

The figure 3 represents a section of a device according to the invention, selector in the semi-automatic position. In this position, the slider 20 pushes the safety element 1 out of the path of the stop 9 by means of the security control pin 8 sliding in the safety control light 21, the control light 22 of the lever releases the movement of the rocker control pin 19 and the trigger lock pin 34 may move in the release clearance of the trigger tail. Finally, the disconnector trigger control light 23 allows the disconnector trigger to go up in the path of the moving parts 2.

The figure 4 represents a section of the device of the figure 3 where the slide is no longer visible, so as to see the movement of the rocker 12, the trigger rod 13, the disconnector 11 and the disconnector trigger 14 in semi-automatic operation. This figure shows the state of the cycle where the trigger is pressed, the moving parts move towards the front, and the trigger disconnector 14 has not yet decoupled the latch 12 of the trigger rod 13.

When the trigger tail 13 is pressed, it rotates about the axis 17, causing the lever 12 which pushes via the rocker control pin 19 on the stopper 5, causing the release of the moving parts 2. The coupling between the trigger rod 13 and the rocker 12 is provided by the disconnector 11 rotating about an axis fixed to the rocker 12 and clinging to a pin 30 on the trigger rod 13.

During the movement of the stopper 5, it causes upward the trigger 10, the hook 15 is hooked to the release lug 31 on the latch 12. This attachment will maintain the stopper 5 out of the path of moving parts as they move forward.

A lever 35 of the disconnector trigger 14 is placed between the latch 12 and the disconnector 11, so that when the moving parts 2 press on the cam 36 of the disconnector trigger 14, said lever 35 picks up the disconnector 11 of the lug 30 of the trigger pin 13. This stall has the effect of returning the latch 12 to its rest position, placing the trigger 10 in the passage of moving parts 2.

The figure 5 shows the different parts after disconnection of the rocker 12 of the trigger rod 13 by the trigger of the disconnector 14.

During the return movement of the moving parts 2 to the rear, they unhook the trigger 10 of the pin 31 of the rocker, which allows the retainer 5 to return to its blocking position of the moving parts to the before.

The figure 8 shows a semi-automatic firing selector alternative in which the disconnection is provided by a stop 40 disposed in the path of the disconnector 11. In this alternative, in semi-automatic mode, when the trigger tail 13 is pressed, the disconnector 11 it comes into contact with the abutment 40 just after the release of the moving parts 2 by the stopper 9. This contact rotates the disconnector 11 about its axis 18, which decouples the disconnector 11 of the trigger rod 13.

The figure 9 shows the device of the figure 8 just after disconnection of the rocker 12, following the extension of the stroke of the trigger rod 13.

To the figure 10 , stop 40 has been removed from the trajectory of the disconnector for automatic firing. Such a position of the abutment 40 may advantageously be obtained by a particular geometry of a light of a firing control slider, moving the lug 41 of disconnection stop control.

In all cases, in semi-automatic mode, the disconnector returns to its coupling position between the trigger 13 and the flip-flop 12 when the trigger tail is released by the operator.

Automatic operation

The figure 6 shows a section of the device of the figure 2 , the slider being visible, and the selector at the automatic position. In this position, it can be seen that the disconnector trigger control light 23 displaces, by the pin 32, the disconnector trigger 14 out of the path of moving parts 2, thus preventing disconnection between the trigger pin 13 and the rocker 12, allowing automatic firing.

The figure 7 and 7a show two sections of the device of the figure 6 , to better observe the interaction between the different parts. To the figure 7 , the tail of relaxation is at rest, while at the figure 7a , the relaxation is in a hurry. In particular, note that when the trigger tail is in the firing position, the disconnector trigger lever 14 comes behind the disconnector lever 11 and maintains the disconnector in the coupled position. This characteristic can be useful in the context of firing burst, causing very strong vibrations that can cause inadvertent decoupling between the rocker 12 and the trigger 13.

When the trigger 13 squeezed, the pin 19 tilts the stopper 5 which raises the trigger 10 whose hook 15 clings to the pin 31. When the trigger tail is released, the stopper 5 is held in position off the path of the moving parts by the trigger 10, until the movement of the moving parts 2 to the rear, the latter unhooking the trigger 10 of the rocker 12.

The figure 11 shows an alternative of automatic operation, in which a second stud 50 of disconnector is disposed on the rocker. This additional lug 50 is arranged so that, when the disconnector 11 is supported, it is no longer in the race of the disconnect lever of the disconnector trigger 35. In this case, as shown in FIG. figure 11 when the automatic mode is selected, the disconnector trigger can no longer disconnect the coupling between the trigger 13 and the flip-flop 12. Note that this alternative can also be transposed exactly in the same way to the alternative in which the disconnection is provided by a stop 40 disposed in the path of the disconnector 11. Note that in the latter case, the stop 40 may be a fixed element, since it must not be moved for the automatic mode.

Note that alternatively, the disconnector axis could easily be placed on the trigger, and or disconnector pins on the rocker.

As shown in figure 2b , different lights 21,23 of the slider 20 comprise notches 42 in which the different pins 23,21 are housed when the selector is at a selection position, so as to prevent the selector can find a stable equilibrium position between two positions, making the state of the weapon ill-defined.

Claims (14)

An open-breech pulling gun comprising a stopper (5) for stopping the forward movement of moving parts (2), a trigger (10) for raising the stopper (5) ) during the recoil movement of the moving parts (2), a rocker (12) actuating the stop (5) and the trigger (10) when starting and stopping the shots and a trigger tail (13) linked at the rocker (12) by a disconnector (11) which can swing from a mechanical coupling position between the trigger pin (13) and the rocker (12), to a mechanical decoupling position between the trigger pin (13) and the rocker (12), the rocker (12) swinging from a firing position to a rest position when the disconnector (11) switches from its coupling position to its decoupling position, so as to prevent the start of the next stroke when the trigger tail (13) is held in the firing position. Device for detente of a firearm according to claim 1, in which the disconnection between the trigger pin (13) and the rocker (12) is obtained by a stop (40) in the device positioned in the path of the disconnector (11). ). Device for detente of a firearm according to claim 1 wherein the disconnector (11) is arranged so that the movement of the moving parts (2) disconnects the mechanical coupling between the rocker (12) and the trigger tail (13). Device for detente of a firearm according to claim 3 wherein the moving parts (2) comprise a cam on their lower surface arranged to disconnect the mechanical coupling between the rocker (12) and the trigger (13) when moving moving parts forward. A device for detonating a firearm according to claim 3 comprising a disconnector trigger (14) capable of occupying a rest position or a disconnection position, said disconnector trigger (14) comprising a disconnection lever (35) arranged, when in the disconnected position, between the rocker (12) and the disconnector (11) and a disconnection cam (36) controlled by the movement of the moving parts (2), the disconnector (11) disconnecting the mechanical connection between the rocker (12) and the detent (13) when a cam (4) under the moving parts moves the disconnection cam (36). Device for detente of a firearm according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a firing selector (24) making it possible to select between a semi-automatic firing function and an automatic firing function. Device for detente of a firearm according to claim 6, in which the selection of the semi-automatic or automatic firing mode is carried out by modifying the fulcrum (50, 30) of the disconnector (11) on the trigger rod (13) or the rocker (12) so that the disconnector (11) can not disconnect the trigger tail (13) of the rocker (12) when the automatic firing mode is selected. Device for relaxing a firearm according to Claims 5 and 6, in which the selection of the semi-automatic or automatic firing mode is carried out by moving the disconnector trigger (14) out of the path of the moving parts (2). and the disconnector path (11) so that the disconnector (11) can not disconnect the trigger tail (13) from the flip-flop (12) when the automatic firing mode is selected. Device for detente of a firearm according to one of claims 6 to 8 wherein a safety function authorizing the reset function when the security is engaged, said security function being performed by a security element (1) comprising a blocking surface for blocking the stop (5) in the stop position of the moving parts (2), said safety element (1) resting on a fixed part of the weapon and can be erased by the moving parts (2) when it moves from a forward position to a rear position. Device for detente of a firearm according to claim 9 wherein the function of selection of the semi-automatic firing function and the function of selection of the safety function are performed by the same command. Device for detente of a firearm according to claim 10 wherein the control mechanism consists of a rotary lever (24) actuating a slide (20) operating in translation and allowing activation or deactivation of the functions related to shooting semi-automatic, automatic fire and safety so that three lever positions correspond to a safety position, a semi-automatic firing position and an automatic firing position. A trigger for detonating a firearm according to claim 11 wherein the slide (20) comprises a safety control light (21) in which a safety control pin (8) is disposed on the security element (1), the shape of said safety control light (21) being determined so that when the selector lever (24) is in the safety position, the security element (1) can move between a locking position of the stop (5) and a non-locking position of the stop (5), and when the lever is in another position, the security element is in the non-locking position of the stop (5). A device for expanding a firearm according to claims 8 and 11 or 12 wherein the slide (20) comprises a disconnector trigger control light (23) in which a safety control pin (32) is arranged on the disconnector trigger (14), the shape of said disconnector trigger control light (23) being determined so that when the selector lever (24) is in the semi-automatic position, the trigger of disconnector (14) can move between its disconnected position and its rest position, and when the lever is in an automatic position, the disconnector trigger (14) is locked in the rest position, out of the path of moving parts. Open-breeded firearm comprising an expansion device according to one of the preceding claims.

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