EP3502356B1 - Quick coupling, adapter and quick coupling system - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a quick changer for a quick changer system, an adapter that matches the quick changer, and a quick changer system with such a quick changer and adapter.

Such quick-change systems are used for simple and convenient changing of different attachments on construction machines. This means that e.g. tilting buckets, grabs, scissors, compressors, magnets, hydraulic hammers or other attachments can be coupled or uncoupled from a driver's cab, e.g. from an excavator boom, in a few seconds and with a high level of safety. As a rule, they contain an adapter on the attachment side and a quick coupler arranged on the construction machine, which has, for example, claw-shaped first receptacles on one side for holding a first coupling element arranged on the adapter and on the other side second receptacles with at least one locking element movable between a release position and a locking position for releasably holding a second coupling element arranged on the adapter.

From the DE 20 2016 104 780 U1 a generic quick-change system is known. There, two spaced apart coupling hooks for connection to a coupling rod of a mounting plate are provided on one side of a quick changer. On the other side, the quick coupler has adjustable latches for coupling to the mounting plate. On the outside of the coupling hook, two outwardly protruding pins are arranged for engaging in receptacles delimited by arcuate ribs on the inside of the upwardly protruding cheeks of the mounting plate. The engagement of the pins in the receptacles is intended to prevent an attachment from becoming detached in an uncontrolled manner from a boom and from the quick-change device arranged on it and falling down if the lock is not correctly closed.

From the DE 20 2013 001 658 U1 another quick-change system is known. This comprises a quick coupler, which is claw-shaped on one side of a carrier Contains receptacles for a first coupling element and, on the other side of the carrier, second receptacles with at least one locking element movable between a release position and a locking position for releasably holding a second coupling element. An adapter belonging to the quick changer has two bolt-shaped coupling elements, arranged between parallel sidecars at a predetermined distance from one another, for connecting the adapter to the quick changer. The bolt-shaped coupling elements have a uniform diameter and are inserted into corresponding bores in the side cheeks of the adapter.

One problem with such quick-change systems is that there are a large number of similar or almost identical types of quick-change systems and adapters. These often only have differences in the hydraulic or electrical connections for supplying the attachments with energy or for monitoring. This can lead to the fact that incompatible components are coupled and the function and safety are impaired as a result.

The object of the invention is to create a quick changer, an associated adapter and a quick-change system with such a quick changer and adapter, in which the coupling of incompatible components can be prevented and safety can be increased as a result.

This object is achieved by a quick changer with the features of claim 1, by an adapter with the features of claim 6 and by a quick-change system with the features of claim 10. Appropriate refinements and advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

A quick changer according to the invention contains a carrier which has first receptacles on one side for receiving a first coupling element and on the other side second receptacles for receiving a second coupling element. Additional form-locking elements are arranged on at least one of the receptacles of the carrier for form-locking engagement with corresponding counter-elements on the associated coupling element. The form-locking elements are designed as projections or approaches with different dimensions and specific distances. Through this With additional form-fitting elements, a specific and clearly defined interface for a type of coded connection can be created on the carrier. In this way, it can be ensured that only an adapter that is adapted to the connections of the quick coupler and thus complies with the safety regulations is coupled to the quick coupler. The coupling of mechanically identical but technically different quick couplers and adapters can thus be avoided and safety can be increased.

The additional form-locking elements can be arranged on the side of the carrier with the first receptacles, the side of the carrier with the second receptacles, or on both receptacle sides of the carrier. The form-fit elements can be arranged on the receptacles and / or between two receptacles. The form-fit elements can expediently be arranged on the carrier directly or via an additional holding element.

In an embodiment that is advantageous for the coupling and connection, the form-fitting elements can be designed, for example, as webs with a wedge-shaped or trapezoidal cross-section.

The invention also relates to an adapter for connecting an attachment to a quick coupler described above. The adapter contains two coupling elements arranged at a predetermined distance from one another, with additional counter-elements being arranged on at least one of the two coupling elements for positive engagement with corresponding positive-locking elements on the quick changer.

The counter-elements can be arranged on one or the other coupling element. Additional counter-elements for positive engagement with corresponding positive-locking elements on the quick changer can also be provided on both coupling elements.

The counter-elements can be arranged on an inner guide area of a coupling element with an enlarged cross-section. But they can also be arranged on a coupling element without an extended guide area. The counter elements can be distributed over almost the entire length of a coupling element or only on part of the Be arranged coupling element. The counter elements can be arranged either directly or via an additional support element on the coupling elements.

The invention also relates to a quick-change system with a quick-change system described above and an associated adapter.

Figur 1

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Schnellwechselsystems mit einem Adapter und einem Schnellwechsler in einer gekoppelten Stellung;

Figur 2

den Adapter des Schnellwechselsystems von Figur 1 in einer Perspektive;

Figur 3

eine Detailansicht A des Adapters von Figur 2;

Figur 4

den Schnellwechsler von Figur 1 in einer Perspektive;

Figur 5

eine Detailansicht B des Schnellwechslers von Figur 4;

Figur 6

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines Schnellwechslers in einer Ansicht von schräg unten;

Figur 7

eine Detailansicht C des Schnellwechslers von Figur 6;

Figur 8

einen zum Schnellwechsler von Figur 6 gehörenden Adapter;

Figur 9

eine Detailansicht D des Adapters von Figur 8.

Further special features and advantages of the invention emerge from the following description of a preferred exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Figure 1

a first embodiment of a quick change system with an adapter and a quick change in a coupled position;

Figure 2

the adapter of the quick-change system from Figure 1 in one perspective;

Figure 3

a detailed view A of the adapter of Figure 2 ;

Figure 4

the quick coupler from Figure 1 in one perspective;

Figure 5

a detailed view B of the quick coupler of Figure 4 ;

Figure 6

a second embodiment of a quick changer in a view obliquely from below;

Figure 7

a detailed view C of the quick coupler of Figure 6 ;

Figure 8

one to the quick hitch of Figure 6 belonging adapter;

Figure 9

a detailed view D of the adapter from Figure 8 .

In Figure 1 a first exemplary embodiment of a quick-change system with a quick-change system 1 and an associated adapter 2 for easy changing of attachments on vehicles, in particular construction machines, is shown in a coupled position. With such a quick-change system, for example, swivel spoons, grippers, scissors, magnets, compressors, hydraulic hammers or other mechanical or hydraulic Attachments can be easily and conveniently coupled or uncoupled from a driver's cab to a boom or other attachment of a construction vehicle.

The in Figure 2 The adapter 2 shown separately and attachable to an attachment contains a base plate 3 and two mutually parallel, at right angles to the base plate 3 and spaced apart side cheeks 4, between which a bolt-shaped first coupling element 5 and a bolt-shaped second coupling element 6 spaced apart at a predetermined distance for releasable connection with the quick coupler 2 are arranged. The two bolt-shaped coupling elements 5 and 6 are inserted with their respective ends into corresponding bores 7 and 8 in the two side cheeks 4 of the adapter 2 and fixed there.

The in Figure 4 Quick coupler 1 shown individually can be mounted, for example, on a boom of an excavator. On one side it contains first receptacles 9 open to the front for receiving and holding the first bolt-shaped coupling element 5 and on the other side downwardly open second receptacles 10 for receiving the second bolt-shaped coupling element 6. The first receptacles 9 open to the front are claws. or fork-shaped. The receptacles 10, which are open at the bottom, have a curved lower contact surface 11 for the contact of the second bolt-shaped coupling element 6. The quick coupler 1 contains in Figure 4 recognizable guide bores 12, in which two locking bolts, which cannot be seen here, are slidably guided and are arranged such that they can be moved hydraulically between a retracted release position and an extended locking position. In the extended locking position, the downwardly open second receptacles 10 are closed by the locking bolts arranged in the guide bores 12 on the underside, so that the locking bolt engages under the second bolt-shaped coupling element 6 and the adapter 2 can be held on the quick changer 1.

In the embodiment shown, the quick changer 1 contains a carrier 13 which contains two claw-shaped receptacles 9 for the first coupling element 5 on one side and two receptacles 10 for the second coupling element 6 on the other side. On two arranged on the top of the carrier 13 parallel side parts 14 are also continuous receiving openings 15 for fastening bolts, not shown Attachment of the quick coupler 1 to a boom of an excavator or a connection part of another construction vehicle is provided.

In order to couple the adapter 2 to the quick coupler 1, the quick coupler 1, which is usually arranged on a boom of an excavator, is first moved in such a way that the first bolt-shaped coupling element 5 on the adapter 2 is inserted into the claw-shaped receptacles 9 on one side of the quick coupler 1 . Then the quick changer 1 is pivoted around the first bolt-shaped coupling element 5 with the locking bolts still retracted so that the second bolt-shaped coupling element 6 on the adapter 2 comes to rest on the contact surfaces 11 of the downwardly open receptacles 10 on the other side of the quick changer 1. The locking bolts, which are arranged displaceably in the guide bores 12 in the carrier 13 of the quick changer 1, can then be hydraulically extended so that the two locking bolts on the quick changer 2 engage under the second bolt-shaped coupling element 6 on the adapter 2 and the adapter 2 is thus held on the quick changer 1 .

As from the Figures 2 and 3 As can be seen, the claw-side, ie belonging to the claw-shaped first receptacles 9 of the quick changer 1, first coupling element 5 has two spaced apart, slimmer coupling areas 16 for engagement with the claw-shaped receptacles 9 of the quick changer 1 and a guide area 17 arranged between them with an enlarged compared to the coupling areas 16 Cross section on. In the embodiment shown, the first coupling element 5 is designed as a bolt with different diameters. In the coupling areas 16, the bolt-shaped first coupling element 5 has a smaller diameter and, in the guide area, has a larger diameter than the coupling areas 16. In Figure 3 it can be seen that lateral guide surfaces 18 are provided at the transitions from the outer coupling areas 16 to the inner guide area 17. The extended cross-section guide area 17 enables additional guidance of the adapter 2 on the quick changer 1. This not only provides a positioning aid when coupling the adapter 2 to the quick changer 1, but also improved guidance in the coupled state. In addition, for example, operational vibrations and the resulting vibration breaks or other damage can be reduced. The more precisely positioned guidance and holder can also Damage to the electrical or hydraulic coupling elements can be avoided. In addition, an improvement in the power transmission is achieved. The first coupling element 5 can, however, also be designed in such a way that it does not have a guide area with an enlarged cross section, ie no widening of the cross section compared to the coupling areas.

In Figure 2 It can be seen that a coupling element carrier 19 for holding adapter-side coupling elements for a coupling with quick changer-side coupling elements 2 is attached to the second bolt-shaped coupling element 6 of the adapter 2 on the locking side, ie belonging to the second receptacles 10 of the quick changer 1. Via coupling elements arranged on the coupling element carrier 19 - not shown here - on the adapter 2, energy connections provided for supplying energy to an attachment can be automatically connected to corresponding energy supply lines on the quick coupler 1 when the adapter 2 is coupled to the quick coupler 1. As a result, an attachment can be supplied with hydraulic fluid, electrical energy or another energy source, for example. In the embodiment shown, the coupling element carrier 19 is fastened to the second bolt-shaped coupling element 6 via holding webs 20.

The second coupling element 6 on the locking side can also have two more slender coupling areas 21 spaced from one another for engagement with the associated receptacles 10 of the quick changer 1 and a guide area 22 arranged between them with an enlarged cross-section compared to the coupling areas 16. The second coupling element 6 can, however, also have a uniform diameter over its entire length.

In Figure 4 the quick coupler 1 belonging to the adapter 2 is shown. Between the two claw-shaped receptacles 9, this has a recessed or recessed receptacle area 23 for receiving the guide area 17 on the first coupling element 5 of the adapter 1. The in Figure 5 The receiving area 23, shown enlarged, is adapted to the outer contour of the guide area 17. It has a somewhat larger width than the guide region 17 of the first coupling element 5. The depth of the receiving area 23 is also adapted to the enlarged cross section of the guide area 17.

Furthermore, lateral guide surfaces 24 can also be provided on the receiving area 23.

As from the Figures 4 and 5 It can be seen, additional form-locking elements 25 for form-locking engagement with in Figure 3 Counter elements 26 shown on the claw-side coupling element 5 of the adapter 2 are provided. This creates a specific and clearly defined interface for a type of coded connection on the carrier. In this way it can be ensured that only an adapter that matches the connections of the quick coupler and therefore meets the safety regulations is coupled to the quick coupler. The coupling of mechanically identical but technically different quick couplers and adapters can thus be avoided and safety can be increased. In addition, more precise guidance and positioning between the quick changer 1 and the adapter 2 can be achieved.

At the in Figures 4 and 5 The embodiment shown, the form-locking elements 25 arranged on the side of the claw-shaped first receptacles 9 of the carrier 2 are designed as webs with a trapezoidal or wedge-shaped cross-section. The associated counter-elements 26 on the claw-side first coupling element 5 of the adapter 2 are shown in FIG Figure 3 designed as annular grooves. In the illustrated embodiment, the groove-shaped counter-elements 26 are arranged on the guide region 17 of the first coupling element 5, which has an enlarged cross-section. The counter-elements 26 belonging to the form-fit elements 25 can, however, also be arranged on a coupling element 5 without a guide area with an enlarged cross-section. How out Figure 5 As can be seen, the form-locking elements 25 in the embodiment shown are arranged on a strip-shaped carrier 27 fastened within the receiving area 23 of the quick changer 1. As a result, a defined interface and, if necessary, an easily adaptable interface can be created on the carrier 13 in a relatively simple manner. The form-fit elements 25 can, however, also be molded directly onto the quick changer 2. The form-fit elements 25 and the associated counter-elements 26 are matched to one another in terms of both shape and arrangement. In the embodiment shown, the form-fit elements 25 are designed as webs with a trapezoidal cross-section and different widths. The form-fit elements 25 are arranged at defined intervals. The counter-elements 26 belonging to the form-fit elements 25 on the first coupling element 5 have corresponding shapes and spacings.

In Figure 6 a further embodiment of a quick changer 1 is shown in a view obliquely from below. In this embodiment, on the locking side of the carrier 13 form-locking elements 25 for form-locking engagement with in Figure 8 The counter-elements 26 shown are provided on the locking-side second coupling element 6 of the adapter 2. In the embodiment shown, the web-shaped or block-shaped form-fit elements 25 are designed as counter-elements 26 for engagement in correspondingly shaped depressions or grooves. How particularly good in Figure 7 As can be seen, in the embodiment shown, the outwardly protruding form-fit elements 25 form-fit elements 25 are provided on the quick changer 2 both on the inside of the two locking-side second receptacles 10 and on the underside of the carrier 13 between the two receptacles 10. The form-fit elements 25 can, however, also be arranged only on the receptacles 10 or between the two receptacles 10.

Figure 8 shows a quick coupler 1 of Figure 6 associated adapter 2. In this adapter 2, the counter-elements 26 corresponding to the form-fit elements 25 on the quick changer 1 are arranged on the second coupling element 6 on the locking side. In contrast to the first embodiment, no additional form-locking elements 25 are arranged on the first coupling element 5, which is designed as a bolt with a consistently uniform diameter. However, in a further embodiment, form-fit elements 25 can also be provided here.

Out Figure 9 It can be seen that the counter-elements 26, designed here as grooves, are arranged on a stepped, strip-shaped support element 28. The support element 28, which runs almost over the entire length of the coupling element 6, has a protruding central region 29 and set-back outer regions 30. On the protruding central area 29 and the set-back outer areas 30 of the strip-shaped support element 28, the groove-shaped counter-elements 26 for engaging the form-locking elements 25 of the quick changer 1 are provided. The strip-shaped support element 28 can be inserted into a corresponding groove on the outside of the bolt-shaped coupling element 6.

List of reference symbols

1

Quick coupler

2

adapter

3

Base plate

4th

Sidewall

5

First coupling element

6th

Second coupling element

7th

drilling

8th

drilling

9

First shot

10

Second shot

11

Contact surface

12th

Pilot hole

13th

carrier

14th

Side part

15th

Receiving opening

16

Coupling area

17th

Leadership area

18th

Guide surface

19th

Coupling element carrier

20th

Holding bridge

21

Coupling area

22nd

Leadership area

23

Recording area

24

Guide surface

25th

Form-fit element

26th

Counter element

27

carrier

28

Support element

29

Protruding area

30th

Recessed area

Claims (10)

1. Quick changer (1) for a quick-change system for changing attachments on a building machine, having a support (13), which has on one side, first receivers (9) for receiving a first coupling element (5) and on the other side, second receivers (10) for receiving a second coupling element (6), wherein additional positive-locking elements (25) for positive engagement with corresponding counter-elements (26) on the associated coupling element (5, 6) are arranged on at least one of the sides of the support (13) provided with the receivers (9, 10), characterised in that the positive-locking elements (25) are designed as projections or extensions with different dimensions and specific intervals to form a defined interface like a coding.
2. Quick changer (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the additional positive-locking elements (25) are arranged on the side of the support (13) with the first receivers (9) and/or on the side of the support (13) with the second receivers (10).
3. Quick changer (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the positive-locking elements (25) are arranged on the receivers (9, 10) and/or between the receivers (9, 10).
4. Quick changer (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the positive-locking elements (25) are arranged on the support (13) directly or via a holding element (27).
5. Quick changer (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the positive-locking elements are designed as bars with wedge-shaped or trapezoidal cross-section.
6. Adapter (2) for connecting an attachment having a quick changer (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the adapter (2) has two coupling elements (5, 6) arranged at a predetermined distance from one another for connecting the adapter (2) to the quick changer (1), wherein additional counter-elements (26) for positive engagement with corresponding positive-locking elements (25) on the quick changer (1) are arranged on at least one of the two coupling elements (5, 6), characterised in that the counter-elements (26) are designed as grooves with different dimensions and specific intervals to form a defined interface like a coding.
7. Adapter (2) according to claim 6, characterised in that the counter-elements (26) are arranged on one of the two coupling elements (5, 6) or on both coupling elements (5, 6).
8. Adapter (2) according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the counter-elements (26) are arranged on an inner guide region (17) enlarged in cross-section of a coupling element (5, 6).
9. Adapter (2) according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the counter-elements (26) are arranged on the coupling element (5, 6) directly or via a support element (28).
10. Quick-change system having a quick changer (1) and an adapter (2) which can be coupled to the quick changer (1), characterised in that the quick changer (1) is designed according to one of claims 1 to 5 and the adapter (2) is designed according to one of claims 6 to 9.

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