EP3501030B1 - Surge arrester arrangement and method for its calibration - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to arrester assemblies and methods of manufacturing arrester assemblies.

It is known that arrester arrangements are used in electrical systems for protection against electrical overvoltages, in which resistor elements operating in a voltage-dependent manner are electrically connected in series. The number of electrical resistance elements determines the overvoltage from which the arrester arrangement is activated and allows a current to flow.

From the European patent EP 1 977 434 B1 a method for producing an arrester arrangement having the features according to the preamble of claim 1 is known.

From the international patent application WO 2010/010067 A1 a surge arrester arrangement with a plurality of arrester columns is known. The arrester columns each have a stack of varistor elements, which are braced by means of a tie rod, so that there is a fixed-angle association.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a method for producing an arrester arrangement which can carry a large electrical current flow in the event of an overvoltage and at the same time ensures safe operation.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method having the features according to patent claim 1. Advantageous refinements of the method according to the invention are specified in the subclaims.

It is then provided that in addition to a surge arrester, at least one further surge arrester is produced by electrically connecting voltage-dependent resistor elements in series, the surge arrester and / or the at least one further surge arrester is provided with a tensioning system that adjusts the acting on the resistor elements Trapping force even after the surge arrester has been put into operation for the first time, the arrester arrangement is subjected to an electrical surge voltage, which leads to a reduction in the electrical resistance of the resistance elements and causes a current to flow through the surge arrester connected in parallel and the tensioning system (s) set in this way and the tensioning forces on the or the surge arresters are set in such a way that the currents or current profiles flowing through the surge arresters or those to the surge arrester Ren applied voltages or the inductance-related voltages induced in the surge arresters in the case of current flow are the same with a view to at least one predetermined criterion or are within a predetermined tolerance band.

A significant advantage of the method according to the invention is that the current-carrying capacity of the arrester arrangement can be selected to be almost as high as desired by - depending on the desired maximum current flow - a correspondingly large number of surge arresters is electrically connected in parallel.

Another essential advantage of the method according to the invention is that surge arresters connected in parallel can be cooled better than a single surge arrester, which would have to have a cross-sectional area twice as large, at least approximately twice as large, for the same current-carrying capacity.

Yet another essential advantage of the method according to the invention is that by means of the method according to the invention can ensure that the surge arresters connected in parallel each carry the same or at least approximately the same partial currents, since the tensioning system or systems can be optimally adjusted accordingly. The inventive setting of the tensioning system (s) thus prevents the surge arresters connected in parallel from carrying current to different degrees in the event of an overvoltage and being subjected to different loads and, under certain circumstances, overloading of individual surge arresters and subsequent failure of the entire arrester arrangement. In the case of resistance elements operating in a voltage-dependent manner, there is generally the problem that a high flow of current leads to heating, which in turn reduces the electrical resistance even further and increases the current even further. As explained, an asymmetrical distribution of the partial currents in the surge arresters connected in parallel can be avoided with the adjustment of the tensioning systems provided according to the invention, so that all surge arresters connected in parallel are loaded equally or at least almost equally and a temperature increase in all surge arresters due to the flow of current is the same or at least approximately the same has the same effect.

The tensioning system (s) are preferably set in such a way that measured values which indicate the temporal current increase in the currents flowing in the surge arresters - in the event of an overvoltage - are the same or are within a specified tolerance band.

In the case of two or more clamping systems, these are preferably set individually so that the clamping forces differ.

In a variant that is considered to be particularly advantageous, it is provided that measured values for the current rise in the surge arresters are formed by mathematical derivation according to time, which shows the current rise over time in the surge arresters - in the event of an overvoltage - Specify flowing currents, and the clamping system or systems are set in such a way that the measured values for the increase in current are the same or are within a specified tolerance band.

It is provided that when current flows across the surge arresters, falling voltages or inductance-induced voltages induced in the surge arresters are measured with the formation of measured voltage values and that the tensioning system or systems are set in such a way that the measured voltage values are the same or are within a specified tolerance range.

The method can be carried out in a particularly simple and therefore advantageous manner if a pulse current with a predetermined pulse rising edge is fed into the arrester arrangement and the currents or current curves flowing through the surge arresters, in particular current rise values over time, or voltages falling across the surge arresters or voltages induced in the surge arresters due to inductance are measured and the setting of the clamping system or systems is carried out on the basis of the measured values.

As part of the manufacture of the surge arrester and / or the at least one further surge arrester, the voltage-dependent resistor elements are preferably mechanically clamped between two external electrical connection elements of the arrester arrangement or between one of the two outer electrical connection elements of the arrester arrangement and an external electrical contact element of the respective surge arrester.

The invention also relates to an arrester arrangement which comprises a surge arrester in which voltage-dependent resistor elements are electrically connected in series.

With regard to such an arrester arrangement, the features of claim 3 are provided according to the invention. It is provided that the arrester arrangement, in addition to the one surge arrester, hereinafter referred to as the first surge arrester, has at least one further surge arrester, hereinafter referred to as the second surge arrester, in which voltage-dependent resistor elements are electrically connected in series, and the first and / or second surge arrester with a tensioning system are provided which enables adjustment of the clamping force acting on the resistance elements of the respective surge arrester even after the surge arrester has been put into operation for the first time. The tensioning system (s) can be set individually and the tensioning forces on the surge arrester (s) can be set in such a way that the currents or current profiles flowing through the surge arresters or the voltages applied to the surge arresters or the inductance-related voltages induced in the surge arresters when current flows are overlooked at least one predetermined criterion are the same or lie within a predetermined tolerance band.

With regard to the advantages of the arrester arrangement according to the invention, reference is made to the above statements in connection with the manufacturing method according to the invention.

In the case of two or more clamping systems, these are preferably set differently so that the clamping forces of the clamping systems differ.

The tensioning system (s) and the tensioning forces on the surge arrester (s) are set in such a way that measured values that indicate the temporal current increase in the currents flowing in the surge arrester - in the event of an overvoltage - are the same or are within a specified tolerance range.

As an alternative or in addition, it can be provided that the tensioning system (s) and the tensioning forces on the surge arrester (s) are set in such a way that the measured current rise values formed by mathematical derivation according to time and which indicate the temporal current rise in the currents flowing in the surge arresters - in the event of an overvoltage, are the same or are within a specified tolerance band.

Alternatively or in addition, the tensioning system (s) and the tensioning forces on the surge arrester (s) are set in such a way that voltages that drop on the surge arresters or voltages induced by inductance in the surge arresters when current flows are the same or are within a specified tolerance range.

The resistance elements of the surge arrester can be placed on top of one another, either alone or together with intermediate plates, to form a stack of panes.

It is advantageous if the disk stacks of at least two surge arresters, in particular those of the first and second surge arresters, are arranged parallel to one another on the same side of a common carrier, in particular a common carrier plate which forms an electrical connection for the arrester arrangement.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the disk stacks of at least two surge arresters are arranged on opposite sides of a common carrier, in particular a common carrier plate which forms an electrical connection for the arrester arrangement. The two stacks of disks are preferably arranged coaxially.

It is also considered to be advantageous if, in the surge arrester and / or in the at least one further surge arrester, the voltage-dependent resistor elements are mechanically clamped between two outer electrical connection elements of the arrester arrangement or between one of the two outer electrical connection elements of the arrester arrangement and an outer contact element of the respective surge arrester.

The invention also relates to a switching unit, in particular a DC switching unit, with a switching element, in particular a semiconductor switch, and an arrester arrangement connected in parallel. According to the invention, it is provided with regard to the arrester arrangement that it is designed or manufactured in such a way as has been explained in detail above. The arrester arrangement is preferably designed for a working voltage of the switching unit between 400 and 800 kV.

Figur 1

ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine erfindungsgemäße Ableiteranordnung vor dem Einstellen von Spannsystemen,

Figur 2

die Ableiteranordnung gemäß Figur 1 während eines finalen Einstellschritts, bei dem die Spannsysteme der Überspannungsableiter gezielt eingestellt werden, um einen gleichmäßigen Stromfluss durch die Überspannungsableiter im Falle einer Überspannung zu gewährleisten,

Fig. 3-4

Stromverläufe während des Einstellens der Spannsysteme bei der Ableiteranordnung gemäß Figur 2,

Figur 5

die Ableiteranordnung gemäß Figur 1 mit einer anderen elektrischen Beschaltung, die ein Einstellen der Spannsysteme anhand von Spannungsmesswerten ermöglicht,

Fig. 6-7

Strom- und Spannungsverläufe während des Einstellens der Spannsysteme bei der Ableiteranordnung gemäß Figur 5,

Figur 8

ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine erfindungsgemäße Ableiteranordnung, bei der Spannsysteme pneumatisch arbeiten,

Figur 9

ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Ableiteranordnung mit einer Vielzahl an Überspannungsableitern, die auf unterschiedlichen Seiten eines gemeinsamen Trägers angeordnet sind, wobei die Überspannungsableiter jeweils mit einem eigenen individuell einstellbaren Spannsystem versehen sind und Stromein- und-ausgänge auf derselben Seite der Ableiteranordnung angeordnet sind,

Figur 10

ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Ableiteranordnung, bei der die Überspannungsableiter wie in Figur 9 angeordnet sind und - im Unterschied zur Figur 9-Stromein- und -ausgänge auf unterschiedlichen Seiten der Ableiteranordnung liegen,

Figur 11

ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine erfindungsgemäße Ableiteranordnung mit einer Vielzahl an Überspannungsableitern, die jeweils paarweise angeordnet sind, wobei die Überspannungsableiter eines jeden Paares koaxial zueinander liegen und sich jeweils ein gemeinsames Spannsystem teilen,

Figur 12

ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine erfindungsgemäße Ableiteranordnung, die vom Aufbau der Ableiteranordnung gemäß Figur 11 entspricht mit dem Unterschied, dass Stromein- und -ausgänge auf unterschiedlichen Seiten der Ableiteranordnung liegen, und

Figur 13

ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine erfindungsgemäße Ableiteranordnung mit einer Vielzahl an Überspannungsableitern, wobei die Überspannungsableiter Paare bilden, die koaxial zueinander liegen und aneinander angrenzen, und wobei Paare an Überspannungsableitern auf beiden Seiten eines gemeinsamen Trägers angeordnet sind.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments; show by way of example

Figure 1

an exemplary embodiment for an arrester arrangement according to the invention prior to the setting of tensioning systems,

Figure 2

the arrester arrangement according to Figure 1 during a final setting step in which the tensioning systems of the surge arresters are specifically adjusted in order to ensure an even flow of current through the surge arresters in the event of an overvoltage,

Fig. 3-4

Current curves during the adjustment of the tensioning systems in the arrester arrangement according to FIG Figure 2 ,

Figure 5

the arrester arrangement according to Figure 1 with a different electrical circuit that enables the clamping systems to be set based on measured voltage values,

Fig. 6-7

Current and voltage curves during the adjustment of the tensioning systems in the arrester arrangement according to Figure 5 ,

Figure 8

an embodiment for an arrester arrangement according to the invention, in which clamping systems work pneumatically,

Figure 9

an embodiment for an arrester arrangement with a plurality of surge arresters, which are arranged on different sides of a common carrier, wherein the surge arresters are each provided with their own individually adjustable tensioning system and current inputs and outputs are arranged on the same side of the arrester arrangement,

Figure 10

an embodiment of an arrester arrangement in which the surge arresters as in Figure 9 are arranged and - in contrast to Figure 9- Current inputs and outputs are on different sides of the arrester arrangement,

Figure 11

an exemplary embodiment for an arrester arrangement according to the invention with a large number of surge arresters which are each arranged in pairs, the surge arresters of each pair being coaxial with one another and each sharing a common tensioning system,

Figure 12

an embodiment of an arrester arrangement according to the invention, which is based on the structure of the arrester arrangement according to FIG Figure 11 corresponds with the difference that current inputs and outputs are on different sides of the arrester arrangement, and

Figure 13

an embodiment of an arrester arrangement according to the invention with a plurality of surge arresters, the surge arresters forming pairs that are coaxial with one another and adjoin one another, and wherein pairs of surge arresters are arranged on both sides of a common carrier.

For the sake of clarity, the same reference symbols are always used in the figures for identical or comparable components.

In connection with the Figures 1 to 4 a first exemplary embodiment for producing an arrester arrangement is explained below.

To produce a first surge arrester 10a, disk-shaped, voltage-dependent resistor elements 20 are stacked on top of one another to form a disk stack 30. The resistance elements 20 can be stacked directly on top of one another or - as in FIG Figure 1 - are separated from one another by metallic intermediate plates 40.

The stack of wafers 30 is placed on a common carrier plate 100 of the arrester arrangement 5, and an outer contact element 50 is placed on the end of the stack remote from the carrier plate 100. The common carrier plate 100 and the outer contact element 50 of the first surge arrester 10a each form an outer electrical connection element of the arrester arrangement 5.

A stack-specific and thus surge arrester-specific clamping system 60 is then installed. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the tensioning system 60 includes two tensioning elements 70, each of which includes a threaded rod 71, a spring 72 and a nut 73. The clamping elements 70 are each assembled by one end of the threaded rod 71 is passed through a hole in the stack of disks 30 and screwed to the common carrier plate 100 of the arrester arrangement 5. The spring 72 is placed on the other end of the threaded rod 71 and is then pressed onto the outer contact element 50 of the surge arrester 10a by screwing the nut 73 on.

Further surge arresters 10b and 10c are produced in a corresponding manner by stacking corresponding disk stacks 30 of disk-shaped, voltage-dependent resistor elements 20 and metal intermediate plates 40 on top of one another and each being provided with a surge arrester-specific tensioning system 60.

The three surge arresters 10a, 10b and 10c are connected electrically in parallel, in that the ends of the disk stacks remote from the common carrier plate 100 or the outer contact elements 50 are connected with conductive connecting lines; in the Figure 1 the connection line between the first surge arrester 10a and the second surge arrester 10b is identified with the reference number 110 and the connection line between the second surge arrester 10b and the third surge arrester 10c with the reference number 111.

The voltage systems 60, which in the embodiment according to Figure 1 each comprising two tensioning elements 70 can each be set individually so that each surge arrester 10a, 10b and 10c or each stack of panes 30 can be tensioned or pressed onto one another with an individually adjustable tensioning force. It is thus possible, by adjusting the clamping systems 60, to individually influence the contact resistances between the resistance elements 20 of the disk stacks 30. The connecting lines 110 and 111 are preferably flexible in order to ensure that the surge arresters remain mechanically decoupled and the individual adjustability of the tensioning systems is not hindered.

In principle, it would be possible to set all clamping systems 60 identically by screwing nuts 73 of clamping elements 70 each with the same external torque. However, as will be explained in more detail below, such a procedure is not optimal, since such a setting of the torques or such a tightening of the nuts 73 would not ensure that the surge arresters 10a, 10b and 10c will have the same electrical behavior.

In order to achieve an optimal setting of the tensioning elements 70 or the tensioning systems 60, one can proceed, for example, as follows, for example, in connection with the Figures 2 to 7 is explained.

the Figure 2 shows the arrester arrangement 5 according to FIG Figure 1 after a voltage source 200 has been connected to the electrical connections 5a and 5b of the arrester arrangement 5. The voltage source 200 makes it possible to feed a pulse current Ip into the arrester arrangement 5 by applying overvoltage pulses which bring the resistance elements 20 of the surge arresters 10a, 10b and 10c into a low-resistance state.

A current measuring device 210 is provided for measuring the pulse current Ip; Further current measuring devices 211 and 212 are provided for measuring the currents within the arrester arrangement 5.

The current measuring device 211 is electrically connected to the connecting line 111 and thus directly measures the current I3 which flows through the third surge arrester 10c in the event of an overvoltage.

The ammeter 212 is connected to the connecting line 111 which connects the contact element 50 of the second surge arrester 10b with the contact element 50 of the first surge arrester 10a connects. The current measuring device 212 thus measures the current sum from the current I3, which flows through the third surge arrester 10c, and the current I2, which flows through the second surge arrester 10b.

The current I1, which flows through the first surge arrester 10a, can be formed by forming the difference between the pulse current Ip measured by the ammeter 210 and the total current I2 + I3 measured by the ammeter 212: $$\mathrm{I1}=\mathrm{Ip}-\left(\mathrm{I2}+\mathrm{I3}\right)$$

For the optimal setting of the tensioning systems 60 of the three surge arresters 10a, 10b and 10c or to determine the optimal torques M with which the nuts 73 are tightened, the measured values of the three ammeters 210, 211 and 212 are evaluated. You can proceed as follows, for example:
the Figure 3 shows an example of the course of the pulse current Ip over time t. It can be seen that the current magnitude of the pulse current Ip has pulse rising edges that are in the Figure 3 are denoted by the reference character Fp. The pulse rising edges Fp can be calculated quantitatively by deriving the pulse current Ip over time according to: $$\mathrm{Fp}=\mathrm{dIp\; /\; dt}.$$

$$\mathrm{FL2}=\mathrm{dI2/dt}$$

$$\mathrm{FL3}=\mathrm{dI3/dt}$$

the Figure 4 shows the current waveforms of the three currents I1, I2 and I3, which flow through the three surge arresters 10a, 10b and 10c according to FIG Figure 2 flow. It can be seen that before the tensioning systems 60 are optimally set, the current curves differ, in particular have different current rise values or current rise edges. The current rising edges of the three currents I1, I2 and I3 are in the Figure 4 identified by the reference characters FL1, FL2 and FL3 and run differently steep. The rising edges FL1, FL2 and FL3 can be determined mathematically as follows: $$\mathrm{FL1}=\mathrm{dI1\; /\; dt}$$

$$\mathrm{FL2}=\mathrm{dI2\; /\; dt}$$

$$\mathrm{FL3}=\mathrm{dI3\; /\; dt}$$

By measuring the current rise values or determining the current rise flanks FL1, FL2 and FL3, it is now possible to adjust the tensioning systems 60 of the surge arresters 10a, 10b, 10c individually and to set the torques M and thus the clamping forces F1, F2 and F3 in this way that the current rising edges FL1, FL2 and FL3 are as similar or identical as possible. As soon as identical or at least approximately identical current rising edges FL1, FL2 and FL3 have been reached, an optimal setting of the three clamping systems 60 is achieved; this is in the Figure 4 shown schematically.

After the tensioning systems 60 have been set individually on the basis of the measured current profiles of the currents I1, I2 and I3 - as explained - and the current profiles have thereby been adjusted to one another, the production of the arrester arrangement 5 is according to FIG Figure 2 closed. The current measuring devices 210, 211 and 212 as well as the voltage source 200 can then be disconnected.

In connection with the Figures 2 to 4 it was explained by way of example how an optimal setting of the tensioning systems 60 can take place on the basis of current measured values. Alternatively, it is possible to evaluate the voltage dropping across the surge arresters 10a, 10b and 10c. This is to be done in the following on the basis of the Figures 5 to 7 are explained by way of example.

the Figure 5 shows the arrester arrangement 5 according to FIG Figure 1 , after a voltage source 200 for feeding a pulse current Ip to the electrical connections 5a and 5b of the arrester arrangement 5 has been connected. With the voltage source 200, a pulse current with current rising edges Fp is generated, as exemplified in FIG Figure 6 is shown.

The current Ip, which is fed in at the electrical connection 5a, will flow through the three surge arresters 10a, 10b and 10c and thereby lead to a voltage drop across the surge arresters; the corresponding voltages are in the Figures 5 and 7th marked with the reference symbols U1, U2 and U3.

$$\mathrm{U2}=\mathrm{I2}\cdot \mathrm{R2}+\mathrm{L2}\cdot \mathrm{dI2/dt},$$

$$\mathrm{U3}=\mathrm{I3}\cdot \mathrm{R3}+\mathrm{L3}\cdot \mathrm{dI3/dt},$$

wobei R1 den ohmschen Widerstand und L1 die Induktivität des ersten Überspannungsableiters 10a, R2 den ohmschen Widerstand und L2 die Induktivität des zweiten Überspannungsableiters 10b und R3 den ohmschen Widerstand und L3 die Induktivität des dritten Überspannungsableiters 10c bezeichnet. Der Term L1·dI1/dt, L2-d21/dt bzw. L3-dI3/dt beschreibt dabei jeweils die in den Überspannungsableitern 10a, 10b und 10c induzierten Spannungen Ui1, Ui2 und Ui3. Die induzierten Spannungen Ui1, Ui2 und Ui3 können gemessen werden, indem die Spannungswerte nach Auftreten der steilen Spannungsflanken gemessen werden.The voltages U1, U2 and U3, which are measured with three voltage measuring devices 220, 221 and 222, are each composed of the ohmic voltage drop, which is based on the ohmic resistance of the disk stack 30 or the contact resistances, as well as the induced voltage that is induced due to the current rising edge Fp of the pulse current Ip and the inductances of the surge arrester. The following applies here: $$\mathrm{U1}=\mathrm{I1}\cdot \mathrm{R1}+\mathrm{L1}\cdot \mathrm{dI1\; /\; dt},$$

$$\mathrm{U2}=\mathrm{I2}\cdot \mathrm{R2}+\mathrm{L2}\cdot \mathrm{dI2\; /\; dt},$$

$$\mathrm{U3}=\mathrm{I3}\cdot \mathrm{R3}+\mathrm{L3}\cdot \mathrm{dI3\; /\; dt},$$

where R1 denotes the ohmic resistance and L1 denotes the inductance of the first surge arrester 10a, R2 denotes the ohmic resistance and L2 denotes the inductance of the second surge arrester 10b and R3 denotes the ohmic resistance and L3 denotes the inductance of the third surge arrester 10c. The term L1 · dI1 / dt, L2-d21 / dt or L3-dI3 / dt describes the voltages Ui1, Ui2 and Ui3 induced in the surge arresters 10a, 10b and 10c. The induced voltages Ui1, Ui2 and Ui3 can be measured by measuring the voltage values after the steep voltage edges have occurred.

the Figure 7 shows the course of the three voltages U1, U2 and U3 as a function of time over time t. It can be seen that in the initial state before an optimal setting of the clamping systems, the voltages U1, U2 and U3 will be of different sizes, since the clamping force of the clamping systems has not yet been adjusted.

By evaluating the voltage curves of the voltages U1, U2 and U3 and by changing the setting of the clamping forces of the clamping systems 60, it can be achieved that the voltage curves of the voltages U1, U2 and U3 are matched to one another, as shown in FIG Figure 7 is shown.

As soon as the voltage curves of the voltages are the same or at least approximately the same or alternatively at least the induced voltages Ui1 (Ui1 = L1 dI1 / dt), Ui2 (Ui2 = L2 d21 / dt) or Ui3 (Ui3 = L3 dI3 / dt) are the same or at least approximately the same, the setting of the tensioning systems 60 is completed and the method for producing the arrester arrangement 5 is completed. The voltage source 200 can subsequently be disconnected from the arrester arrangement 5, as can the three voltage measuring devices 220, 221 and 222 with which the three voltages U1, U2 and U3 have been measured.

the Figure 8 FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of an arrester arrangement in which the tensioning systems 60 of the surge arresters 10a, 10b and 10c are not mounted on a screw system as in the embodiment according to FIGS Figures 1 to 6 based on a pneumatic system. So in the Figure 8 recognize that the clamping systems 60 each have fluid containers 75 which can be pressurized and which are fed by a central pump 76.

Despite the central supply by means of the pump 76, the fluid containers 75 can each be individually controlled and individually adjusted with regard to the clamping force acting on the surge arrester, so that each of the clamping systems 60 has an individual pressing force or clamping force F1, F2 or F3 on the assigned surge arrester 10a, 10b or 10c can exercise.

The optimal setting of the tensioning systems 60 or the setting of the optimal pressure in the fluid containers 75 is preferably carried out by evaluating current measured values, as exemplified in connection with the Figures 3 and 4 has been explained, or by evaluating measured voltage values, as exemplified in connection with the Figures 6 and 7 has been explained.

With the variant according to Figure 8 the common carrier plate 100 and the outer contact element 50 of the third surge arrester 10c each form an outer electrical connection element of the arrester arrangement 5. The arrangement of the connection elements or of the current input and current output on different sides of the arrester arrangement 5 advantageously balances the current flow paths currents flowing through the surge arresters.

the Figure 9 shows an embodiment of an arrester arrangement 5, in which surge arresters 10d and 10e are each arranged in pairs, namely - with respect to their longitudinal axis or with respect to the longitudinal axis of the respective disk stack 30 - coaxially to one another. A common carrier plate 100 of the arrester arrangement 5 is arranged in each case between the surge arresters 10d and 10e.

In the embodiment according to Figure 9 three pairs of surge arresters are provided; these pairs are parallel to one another in such a way that the longitudinal axes of the disk stacks 30 are parallel. The connecting lines 120 are preferably flexible so that the individual adjustability of the tensioning systems 60 is not hindered; the connecting lines 120 are formed by preferably flexible electrical cables.

In the embodiment according to Figure 9 the arrester arrangement 5 has a current input E5 and two current outputs A5a and A5b. The current input E5 and the two current outputs A5a and A5b are arranged on the same side of the arrester arrangement 5, so that the current paths through the individual surge arresters are of unequal length; However, this path difference plays because of the individual setting of the clamping systems 60 and the individual setting of the clamping forces F1 to F6, as exemplified in connection with the Figures 2 to 7 has been explained, for the electrical load of the surge arrester is irrelevant.

the Figure 10 FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of an arrester arrangement in which the surge arresters are arranged as in the embodiment according to FIG Figure 9 . In contrast to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG Figure 9 the current outputs A5a and A5b are on a different side than the current input E5.

The arrangement of the current input and current outputs on different sides of the arrester arrangement leads in an advantageous manner to a balancing of the current flow paths of the currents flowing through the surge arrester. The current path from the current input E5 to the current outputs A5a and A5b is largely independent of which surge arrester the respective partial current flows through.

the Figure 11 shows an embodiment of an arrester arrangement in which the coaxially arranged pairs of surge arresters 10d and 10e each share a common tensioning system 60. It can be seen that the threaded rods 71 each brace a pair of surge arresters 10d and 10e.

In the embodiment according to Figure 11 the current input E5 and the current outputs A5a and A5b are on the same side of the arrester arrangement, so that the current paths through the individual surge arresters are of unequal length; However, this path difference is due to the setting of the clamping systems, as exemplified in connection with the Figures 2 to 7 has been explained, for the individual electrical load of the surge arrester is irrelevant.

the Figure 12 shows an arrester arrangement 5, which depends on the arrangement of the surge arresters and the arrangement of the tensioning systems 60 of the arrester arrangement 5 according to FIG Figure 11 is equivalent to. In contrast to the arrester arrangement according to Figure 11 the current input E5 and the current outputs A5a and A5b are located on different sides of the arrester arrangement, as is also the case in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG Figure 10 is the case, whereby it is achieved in an advantageous manner that the current path of the partial currents through the arrester arrangement 5 is largely independent of which surge arrester the respective partial current flows through.

the Figure 13 shows an arrester arrangement 5 with twelve surge arresters 10f. The surge arresters 10f are arranged in pairs, namely coaxially to one another in such a way that the longitudinal axes of the disk stacks 30 are arranged coaxially in each pair. Three of the pairs lie on one side of a common carrier plate 100 of the arrester arrangement, and three lie on the other side. The arrangement of the pairs is such that two pairs are arranged coaxially to one another.

The connecting lines 120 are preferably flexible so that the individual adjustability of the tensioning systems 60 is not hindered; the connecting lines 120 are preferably formed by flexible electrical cables.

The arrester arrangement 5 according to Figure 13 has two current inputs E5a and E5b, which are arranged on one side of the arrester arrangement 5. On the other side of the arrester arrangement 5 there are three current outputs A5a, A5b and A5c. The current inputs E5a and E5b are connected to one in the Figure 13 Busbar not shown short-circuited, the same applies to the three current outputs A5a, A5b and A5c.

The large number of current inputs and current outputs advantageously ensures that the partial currents flowing through the surge arrester 10f are at least approximately the same size. Any deviations can be reduced by optimally setting the clamping systems 60, as in connection with the Figures 2 to 7 has been described.

Although the invention has been illustrated and described in more detail by means of preferred exemplary embodiments, the invention is not restricted by the disclosed examples and other variations can be derived therefrom by the person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.

List of reference symbols

5

Arrester arrangement

5a

connection

5b

connection

10a

Surge arresters

10b

Surge arresters

10c

Surge arresters

10d

Surge arresters

10e

Surge arresters

10f

Surge arresters

20th

Resistance elements

30th

Stack of discs

40

Intermediate plates

50

Contact element

60

Clamping system

70

Clamping elements

71

Threaded rod

72

feather

73

mother

75

Fluid container

76

pump

100

Carrier plate

110

Connecting line

111

Connecting line

120

Connecting line

200

Voltage source

210

Ammeter

211

Ammeter

212

Ammeter

220

Voltmeter

221

Voltmeter

222

Voltmeter

A5a

Current output

A5b

Current output

A5c

Current output

E5

Power input

E5a

Power input

E5b

Power input

F1

Clamping force

F2

Clamping force

F3

Clamping force

F4

Clamping force

F5

Clamping force

F6

Clamping force

FL1

Current rising edge

FL2

Current rising edge

FL3

Current rising edge

Fp

Pulse rising edge / current rising edge

Ip

Pulse current

I1

current

I2

current

I3

current

L1

Inductance

L2

Inductance

L3

Inductance

M.

Torque

R1

ohmic resistance

R2

ohmic resistance

R3

ohmic resistance

t

Time

U1

tension

U2

tension

U3

tension

Ui1

induced voltage

Ui2

induced voltage

Ui3

induced voltage

Claims (9)

1. Method for producing an arrester arrangement (5) that comprises a surge arrester (10a-10f), wherein, in the method, during production of the surge arrester (10a-10f), resistance elements (20) operating in a voltage-dependent manner are electrically connected in series, wherein

   - at least one further surge arrester (10a-10f) is additionally produced by virtue of resistance elements (20) operating in a voltage-dependent manner being electrically connected in series,

   - the surge arrester (10a-10f) and/or the at least one further surge arrester (10a-10f) are/is provided with a tensioning system (60) that allows the clamping force (F1-F6) acting on the resistance elements (20) to be adjusted even after the surge arrester (10a-10f) has been started up for the first time,
   characterized in that

   - the arrester arrangement (5) has an electrical overvoltage applied to it that leads to a reduction in the electrical resistance of the resistance elements (20) and gives rise to a flow of current through the surge arresters (10a-10f) connected in parallel,

   - when current is flowing, voltages (U1, U2, U3) dropped across the surge arresters (10a-10f) or voltages (Ui1, U2i, Ui3) induced in the surge arresters (10a-10f) on account of the inductance are measured, with voltage measurement values being formed, and

   - the tensioning system or systems (60) is/are set in such a way that the voltage measurement values are equal or lie within a predefined tolerance band.
2. Method according to Claim 1,
   characterized in that,
   during production of the surge arrester (10a-10f) and/or of the at least one further surge arrester (10a-10f), the resistance elements (20) operating in a voltage-dependent manner are mechanically clamped between two outer electrical connection elements of the arrester arrangement (5) or between one of the two outer electrical connection elements of the arrester arrangement (5) and an outer electrical contact element (50) of the respective surge arrester (10a-10f).
3. Arrester arrangement (5) that comprises a surge arrester (10a-10f) in which resistance elements (20) operating in a voltage-dependent manner are electrically connected in series, wherein

   - the arrester arrangement (5) has, in addition to the one surge arrester (10a-10f), hereinafter referred to as first surge arrester (10a-10f), at least one further surge arrester (10a-10f), hereinafter referred to as second surge arrester (10a-10f), in which resistance elements (20) operating in a voltage-dependent manner are electrically connected in series, wherein the first surge arrester and the second surge arrester are connected in parallel, and

   - the first and/or second surge arrester (10a-10f) are/is provided with a tensioning system (60) that allows the clamping force (F1-F6) acting on the resistance elements (20) of the respective surge arrester (10a-10f) to be adjusted even after the surge arrester (10a-10f) has been started up for the first time,
   characterized in that

   - the tensioning system or systems (60) and the tensioning forces on the surge arrester or arresters (10a-10f) are set in such a way that measurement values that indirectly or directly indicate the temporal current rise of the currents (I1, 12, I3) flowing in the surge arresters (10a-10f) are equal or lie within a predefined tolerance band when the arrester arrangement (5) has an electrical overvoltage applied to it that leads to a reduction in the electrical resistance of the resistance elements (20) and gives rise to a flow of current through the surge arresters (10a-10f) connected in parallel,
   or

   - the tensioning system or systems (60) and the tensioning forces on the surge arrester or arresters (10a-10f) are set in such a way that voltages (U1, U2, U3) dropped across the surge arresters (10a-10f) when current is flowing or voltages (Ui1, Ui2, Ui3) induced in the surge arresters (10a-10f) on account of the inductance when current is flowing are equal or lie within a predefined tolerance band when the arrester arrangement (5) has an electrical overvoltage applied to it that leads to a reduction in the electrical resistance of the resistance elements (20) and gives rise to the flow of current through the surge arresters (10a-10f) connected in parallel.
4. Arrester arrangement (5) according to Claim 3,
   characterized in that
   the tensioning system or systems (60) and the tensioning forces on the surge arrester or arresters (10a-10f) are set in such a way that current rise measurement values that are formed by mathematical derivation with respect to time and indicate the temporal current rise of the currents (I1, 12, I3) flowing, in the case of overvoltage, in the surge arresters (10a-10f) are equal or lie within a predefined tolerance band.
5. Arrester arrangement (5) according to either of the preceding Claims 3 and 4,
   characterized in that
   the disc stacks (30) of at least two surge arresters (10a-10f), in particular those of the first and second surge arrester (10a-10f), are arranged next to one another in parallel on the same side of a common carrier, in particular a common carrier plate (100), that forms an electrical connection of the arrester arrangement (5).
6. Arrester arrangement (5) according to either of the preceding Claims 3 and 4,
   characterized in that
   the disc stacks (30) of at least two surge arresters (10a-10f), in particular those of the first and second surge arrester (10a-10f), are arranged on opposite sides of a common carrier, in particular a common carrier plate (100), that forms an electrical connection of the arrester arrangement (5) .
7. Arrester arrangement (5) according to one of the preceding Claims 3 to 6,
   characterized in that
   two disc stacks (30) of at least two surge arresters (10a-10f), in particular those of the first and second surge arrester (10a-10f), are arranged coaxially.
8. Arrester arrangement (5) according to one of the preceding Claims 3 to 7,
   characterized in that,
   in the case of the surge arrester (10a-10f) and/or in the case of the at least one further surge arrester (10a-10f), the resistance elements (20) operating in a voltage-dependent manner are mechanically clamped between two outer electrical connection elements of the arrester arrangement (5) or between one of the two outer electrical connection elements of the arrester arrangement (5) and an outer contact element (50) of the respective surge arrester (10a-10f).
9. Switching unit having a switching element,
   characterized in that
   an arrester arrangement (5) according to one of the preceding Claims 3 to 8 is connected in parallel with the switching element.

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