EP3498393B1

EP3498393B1 - Tool for curling of can´s neck

Info

Publication number: EP3498393B1
Application number: EP17208176.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jan Sedlacek
Original assignee: Moravia Cans AS
Current assignee: Moravia Cans AS
Priority date: 2017-12-18
Filing date: 2017-12-18
Publication date: 2021-03-03
Anticipated expiration: 2037-12-18
Also published as: HUE054360T2; SI3498393T1; EP3498393A1; ES2886338T3

Description

Technical background

The invention relates to a forming of cans.

State of the art

Metal cans made from aluminium and aluminium alloys or from steel are widely used in packaging industry for drinks, cosmetics, food industry or for technical use. Majority of them are pressure aerosol cans which contain variety of products such as deodorants, hairspray, shaving foam, lacquers or paint, oils, etc. The second major part of the production are beverage cans.
Such cans are currently mass production goods that need to be produced economically in the largest quantities. That is why there are specially developed production lines that carry out an optimized production process. Such lines are described in bloc or in parts, e.g., in documents EP 2 103 370 B1 , EP 0 275 369 B1 , US 3,646,840 or US 3,878,743 .
From the manufacturing point of view, the cans are divided in one-piece (monobloc) cans or multi-part cans.
By the monobloc cans, the input blanks are first shaped to form a cylindrical hollow body. As a rule, backward extrusion or D&I (Draw and Ironed) technology is used. Such procedures are described, for example, in EP 1 531 952 B1 , EP 1 731 239 B1 or 1 461 232 B1 . As an input material, an aluminum slug is used for backward extrusion, from which a hollow body is formed by one stroke of the press ram. The slug diameter is approximately the same as the diameter of the can formed.
In the D&I (Draw and Ironed) technology, there are discs stamped from a rolled sheet of aluminium or steel, which is then shaped into cup (Cupper machine) and further reduced by further redrawing and ironing operations to the desired diameter and thickness of the can wall (Bodymaker machine). Then it is necessary to create a shoulder of the can and curle the can rim, but this is a problem by steel cans because steel is more resistant by forming than aluminium.
For shaping of can shoulder the necking machines are used. The most common technical solution of necking machine which is shown in Fig. 10 comprises the revolving plate 48 which performs rotational intermittent or stepping motion and is equipped with a plurality of clamping stations 3 arranged along its circumference. The purpose of the clamping stations 3 is to temporarily hold the can 2, typically by means of pneumatically expandable rings. The machine further comprises the opposite tool plate 4 which is capable of performing reciprocating motion and carries the forming tools 47 arranged in fixed positions along its circumference. The individual tools serve for shaping the upper edge of the hollow body of the can in a progressive manner until the latter assumes its final shape including a rim.
The document US2011/0011896 A1 discloses a method of curling a steel tube. It is proposed either gradual necking as it is the case of aluminium cans, or to introduce additional heating up using ultrasonic vibration for better formability.
Such procedures can function when it concerns a favourably shaped shoulder (e.g., a curved shoulder) which has higher resistance to axial load and hence a greater resistance to deformation during forming of an shoulder and curling on gradual necking machines - see Fig. 10. However, if it is necessary to produce hollow cans with an shoulder with relatively sharp angle relative to the plane perpendicular to the axis of the can, it comes by such cans to reduction of resistance to axial load. The force from the forming tools exceeds the axial resistance of the can and due to this to the deformation of the shoulder, especially during the curling process. The deformation during curling operation may also occur due to the thin wall of the can's shoulder or when using a material with higher deformation resistance (aluminium alloys, steel).
In US 4,173,883 an apparatus for progressively necking-in an end portion of a can is presented, said apparatus comprising a plurality of inside tools each having a base portion, then an end portion of lesser diameter and a conical intermediate portion progressively axialy increasing in legth and an outside tool cooperateable with each inside tool. So in each step the can is shaped to have a straight conical shoulder in the upper portion. But this technology can be applied only by blanks which are open from below and the bottom is fastened to the tubular body after forming of the can.
The aim of the present invention is to provide a device for curling of the neck of cans having reduced axial strength, whether due to unfavourable shoulder shape, or thin-walled cans and cans made of a material with higher deformation resistance (aluminium alloy, steel).

Summary of the invention

The above mentioned deficiencies are eliminated by the tool for curling of can necks according to the invention as defined in claim 1.

Brief description of drawings

The invention will be further described using drawings, where Fig.1 is a view of a can before curling; Fig. 2 is a view of a can after curling; Fig. 3 represents a tool in an initial position inside of the can, Fig. 4 is a detail of a collet of the tool, Fig. 5 represents a tool in the initial phase of curling, Fig. 6 represents a tool in the end phase of the can curling, Fig. 7 is a perspective view of parts of stop mechanism, Fig.8 is an alternative embodiment of a collet, Fig.9 is an systematic illustration of main parts of the tool according to the invention and Fig.10 is schematic illustration of a necking machine.

Preferred embodiments of the invention

As shown in Fig. 1 in a schematic cross-section view of the can 2 before curling of a neck 37, it is provided with a seat 35 for fixation of the plastic cover and with an shoulder 36 with a relatively sharp angle to the plane which is perpendicular to the axis of the can 2. And this sharp angle α in the range 10 to 50° with respect to the plane, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the can 2, as shown in Fig. 2, is in combination with the thickness of the wall and the material of the can 2 the reason of buckling of the can 2 caused by the pressure of the tools from above.
The main parts of the tool 1 for curling of the can neck 37 are expansion control device 46, collet 6 and stop mechanism 45, which can be seen on Fig.9. The expansion control device 46 is created as an outer body 20 (see Fig. 3) in which parts for controlling the segments 12 of the collet 6 are arranged and a cooperating stop mechanism 45 by means of which said parts for controlling the segments 12 of the collet 6 are activated. The expansion control device (46) and stop mechanism (45) are connected by interconnecting means created as a rod 9.
Referring to Fig. 3, the tool 1 according to the invention is inserted through the neck into the can 2. This is the initial position inside the can 2 and Fig. 4 is a detail of the collet 6 mechanism.
In general, it can be noted for better orientation that the can 2 is clamped in a clamping center 3. The tool 1 is clamped through the outer body 20 suitable to be fixed on a tool plate 4 by means of nuts 5. The tool plate 4 performs a linear reciprocating movement in the direction of the double arrow.
On the opposite side than that of the clamping center 3 in the direction of the outer body, a frame 29 of the stop mechanism 45 is arranged. On the rod 9 a movable stop 7 is provided which cooperates with the fixed stop 8. The position of the fixed stop 8 is adjustable by means of a pivoting mechanism 28 which is mounted on the frame 29 using screws 30. This is well seen in Fig. 7.
The outer body 20 has two hollows, namely a rear hollow 40 and a front hollow 44. The rear hollow 40 is terminated by a bearing 19 and a rod 9 passes it through, around which a main spring 18 is provided. In the front hollow 44 there are arranged mechanical elements controlling the movement of segments 12 of the collet 6.
Into the front hollow 44 of the outer body 20 extends the end of the rod 9 on which a collet clutch 11 is fastened. In this collet clutch 11, a holder 10 by one of its end is fastened, and at the other end segments 12 of the collet 6 are arranged swingably from the basic closed to the opened position. Segments 12 are provided on the inner side with a transverse groove 43 enclosing in a close position a collar 41 provided on the holder 10. On the holder 10 an extension mandrel 15 is provided slidingly which spreads out the segments 12 of the collet 6 and which is firmly arranged in an inner cylinder 16 and the inner cylinder 16 is arranged movably within the guide cylinder 24. This is arranged rigidly in the hollow of the outer body 20 and between the guide cylinder 24 and the inner cylinder 16 there is a roller or a plain bearing 31. The inner cylinder 16 has a front cavity oriented towards the segments 12 of the collet 6 and the rear cavity facing towards rod 9. In the front cavity of the inner cylinder 16 a curling flange 25 with a curling profile 38 provided at its inner edge, is mounted. The curling profile 38 then curies the neck 37.
A main spring 18 abuts with its one end the seat in the rear hollow 40 of the inner cylinder 16 and with the other end the bearing 19 terminating the rear hollow 40. Around the main spring 18 a front spring 22 in the front hollow 20 of the clutch seat 11 is arranged being mounted from one side in the clutch seat 11 and from the other side in the spacer 23 on the wall of the front hollow 44 of the outer body 20.
Fig. 3, therefore, illustrates the condition when the segments 12 of the collet 6 of the tool 1 are already inside the can 2 but they are still in the closed position.
In the subsequent forward movement of the tool 1 shown in Fig. 5, the movable stop 7, which is arranged on the rod 9, comes into contact with the fixed stop 8, which is arranged on the mechanism 28 which is fixed on the frame 29 by means of screws 30. Thus, the parts of the tool 1, such as the rod 9, the holder 10 of the collet 6 segments 12 and the collet clutch 11 stop to perform forward movement. The collet clutch 11 is firmly arranged on the rod 9 and in the collet clutch 11 the holder 10 of the segments 12 is then firmly arranged. With further forward movement of the tool plate 4 and thereby of the tool 1, the segments 12 of the collet 6 are spread out, whereas the forward movement is forced by the leading surface of the expansion mandrel 15, while a main spring 18 is simultaneously compressed. This main spring 18 is arranged at one end in the clutch seat 39 of the collet clutch 11 and the other end abuts to the front face of the bearing 19 by which it is compressed and which is attached to the outer body 20 of the tool 1 by a sleeve nut 21. The outer body 20 is a relatively long part extending over both sides of the tool plate 4 and inside in its front face the forming tool, which is a curling flange 25 with a curling profile 38, is arranged.
The segments 12 of the collet 6 are provided on the inner side with a transverse groove 43 which engages in the rest position into the collar 41 on the holder 10. This is clearly seen in Fig. 4. Segments (12) of the collet (6) are spreading out in the direction to the device (46).
The segments 12 of the collet 6 are attached to the holder 10 of the segments 12 of the collet 6 by means of pins 13 which are locked by screws 14. The angle of opening of the segments 12 of the collet 6 is determined by the geometry of the expanding mandrel 15 which is screwed into the inner cylinder 16. This inner cylinder 16 is arranged movably in the guide cylinder 24 which is on the contrary arranged firmly at the front face of the outer body 20. The end position of the opening of the segments 12 of the collet 6 is determined by the front contact of the expanding mandrel 15 and by the collar 41 of the holder 10. The holder 10 of the segments 12 of the collet 6 is arranged in the expanding mandrel 15 by means of sliding bush 17.
After the contact of the expansion mandrel 15 with the collar 41 of the holder 10 of the segments 12 of the collet 6, the forward movement of the expansion mandrel 15 and of the inner cylinder 16 is prevented. Due to this a front spring 22, which is placed by its one side in the clutch seat 11 and by the other side in a spacer 23, is compressed. At the same time, there is a mutual axial movement between the inner cylinder 16, the roller or plain bearing 31 and the guide cylinder 24 which is arranged in the outer body 20 of the tool 1. At the same time, the curling flange 25, which is mounted in the outer body 20 of the tool 1 and delimited by the guide cylinder 24 from the inner side and by a spacer ring 26 with locking nut 27 from the outer side, is moving along the cylindrical surface of the expanding mandrel 15 by means of the bearing 34, due to this comes to a contact of the curling profile 38 with the neck 37 of the can 2 and subsequently to curling of the can 2. This is already the state shown in Fig. 6.
This allows the curling of the can 2 without causing any deformation, as it is supported from inside by the expansion collet 6 of the tool 1.
The axial position of the segments 12 of the collet 6 is adjustable relative to the shoulder 36 of the can 2 by the pivoting mechanism 28 which is attached to the frame 29 of the stop 8 by means of screws 30.
During the reciprocating movement, the curling flange 25 with the curling profile 38 is moved away from the neck 37 of the can 2 and then the segments 12 of the collet 6 are returned into their initial position. The segments 12 of the collet 6 are returned to the initial position by means of a bellewille spring 32 the preload of which can be controlled by adjusting nuts 33. Subsequently, the contact between the movable stop 7 and the fixed stop 8 is interrupted. Then, the axial reciprocating movement of the rod 9, of the holder 10 of the segments 12 of the collet 6 and of the clutch 11 together with the entire tool 1 assembly is performed, due to this the expansion collet 6 is pulled out of the interior of the can 2.
So the result of the work with above described tool is a one-piece can 2 of steel sheet with the curled neck 37 provided by the seat 35 for fixation of the plastic cover, and the can 2 is provided with the straight shoulder 36 formed at an angle of 10 to 50° with respect to the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the can 2.

Claims

Tool for curling of can's neck suitable to be fixed on a tool plate (4), characterised in that it comprises an expansion control device (46) for controlling of the spreading of a collet (6) and within this device (46) is arranged with one end by means of a collet clutch (11), which is inside of the expansion control device (46), interconnecting means, created as a rod (9) provided on the other end with a stop mechanism (45), comprising a frame (29), a movable stop (7) being provided on the rod (9), the moveable stop (7) cooperates with a fixed stop (8) position of it is adjustable by means of a pivoting mechanism (28) which is attached to the frame (29) by means of screws (30), wherein in the collet clutch (11) a holder (10) is fixed with its one end, and on its other end the collet (6) is arranged, the collet (6) in the non-active position is insertable into the can (2), and segments (12) of the collet (6) are spreading in the direction to the device (46), the expansion control device (46) is created as an outer body (20) suitable for being fixed on the tool plate (4) acting in a straight-line reciprocating movement with an inner cylinder (16) the outer body (20) having two hollows, the rear hollow 40 and the front hollow (44) and the inner cylinder (16) is arranged movably within a guide cylinder (24) rigidly arranged in the hollow of the outer body (20), the inner cylinder (16) has a front cavity oriented towards the segments (12) of the collet (6) and in the front cavity of the inner cylinder (16) a curling flange (25) with a curling profile (38) provided at its inner edge, is mounted, the segments (12) of the collet (6) are provided on the inner side with a transverse groove (43) surrounding in the rest position a collar (41) provided on the holder (10), whereas on the holder (10) in the front hollow (44) of the outer body (20) an expansion mandrel (15) is arranged, whereas the expansion mandrel (15) is arranged in the inner cylinder 16 and between the guide cylinder (24) and the inner cylinder (16) a roller or plain bearing (31) is arranged, whereas in the rear hollow (40) a main spring (18) is arranged, the main spring (18) abuts with its one end the seat of the inner cylinder (16) and with its second end the main spring (18) abuts a bearing (19) terminating the rear hollow (40), whereas around the main spring (18) a front spring (22) in the front hollow (44) of the outer body (20) is arranged, the front spring is arranged from one side in the clutch seat (11) and from the other side in the spacer (23) on the front wall of the hollow (44) of the outer body (20).
Tool according to the claim 2, characterised in that the collet (6) is provided as an extensible chuck.