EP3461940B1 - Method for the manufacture of fibrous material and fibrous materials produced in accordance with the method and their use - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing fiber materials, in particular nonwoven fiber mats or nonwoven fiber boards, e.g. insulating mats. The invention also relates to fiber materials, in particular nonwoven fiber mats or nonwoven fiber boards, e.g. insulating mats, obtainable according to the method according to the invention. The invention also relates to the use of the fiber materials according to the invention for sound and/or thermal insulation or for furniture production.

Thermal insulation of external facades is becoming increasingly important against the backdrop of increasingly scarce resources and rising energy costs. For this purpose, both insulation boards based on foamed plastics, such as so-called EPS insulation boards, and insulation boards based on natural fibers, such as hemp fiber insulation boards, are used. In order to obtain natural fibers for insulation mats from suitable plant materials, these are often broken down and further processed in wet or dry processes that require a lot of equipment and energy, for example by removing shives. Shives are the woody components of the plant material. Shives regularly make the processing of plant materials into insulation mats more difficult. This can also apply to extremely long fibers. Shives and in particular fibers from bast plant materials such as hemp or flax have a high tensile strength and therefore damage the rotating elements of processing plants in particular. Shives can also lead to blockages in the feed lines of the production plants. For this reason, the shives are regularly separated from the fiber material before the shredded plant materials are reused for the production of fleece. However, the state-of-the-art processes for isolating plant fibers are usually very energy-intensive and therefore expensive. A process for the production of fibreboards, in which the entire crop or cultivated plant is used, is known from DE 875 137 These are to be shredded in a suitable milling device together with water until they are capable of being felted. The pulp is to be deposited on a permeable base by suction or pressing to form a board, which can be further compacted in subsequent steps and provided with impregnating and binding agents. This process is very complex and requires costly drying steps.

According to the DE 196 30 828 A1 Compostable fibre fleeces, which can also be used as insulation materials, are obtained by using at least one biodegradable polymer containing ester and/or ether compounds in the basic structure as a binder.

An insulation mat with high insulation effect should be in accordance with DE 198 46 104 A1 be accessible by enclosing the insulation mat on both sides with laminations and by placing so-called volume-giving spacers made of essentially unroasted hemp fibre products between these laminations.

The EP 2 963 167 A1 is based on a method for producing nonwoven mats comprising the steps: a) providing first comminuted plant material containing plant fibers and shives, wherein the plant fibers and shives are at least partially connected to one another, b) providing at least one binding agent, d) producing a first material layer from the first comminuted plant material containing plant fibers and shives in a first feed device, j) discharging the mixture onto a conveyor belt to form a fiber web, l) forming a pre-woven fabric by means of at least one first nonwoven former, containing at least one needle roller or a drum, and/or by means of at least one nonwoven spreader, wherein the mixture is preferably fed to the nonwoven former or nonwoven spreader by means of a first transport unit, n) applying at least one particulate binding agent to the pre-woven fabric, o) forming a nonwoven fabric from the pre-woven fabric according to step l) or n) by means of a second nonwoven former, containing a Tambour, wherein the pre-fleece is preferably fed to the tambour by means of a second transport unit, containing at least one pair of rollers consisting of an upper and lower roller or containing an upper roller and a feed table, and u) separating the solidified fleece into nonwoven mats, in particular insulation mats. With such a process, insulation mats made of renewable raw materials can be obtained in a reliable manner, even when shives are used, which are characterized by a homogeneous distribution of the insulation mats. forming components, good thermal insulation properties, which are comparable to those of foamed plastic insulation boards, and at the same time good stability and mechanical strength.

The FR 2 990 221 A1 refers to a thermal and acoustic insulation material consisting of a cereal straw wool coated with a binder of 100 % vegetable origin. The binder enters the composition in an amount between 8 and 50 % of the weight of the material. This 100 % vegetable agent consists of lignin or potato starch or a mixture of these last two components. Such a thermal and acoustic insulation material, due to its composition of lignin and/or potato starch, should allow its use in housing construction without releasing volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

The EP 3 135 811 A1 relates to a process for producing pulp for the production of boards, in which cereal straw is cut into flakes with a length of 10 to 50 mm, which are subjected to a hydrothermal treatment. The mass thus obtained is injected between the grinding plates of the defibration unit using a feeding machine and pressed using a screw press until an absolute moisture content of less than 50 % is reached. The mass thus obtained is then loosened into the pulp form and dried. In this process, the cut cereal straw flakes are subjected to a hydrothermal treatment using a water mixture at a temperature below 50 °C, with the hydrothermal treatment lasting no longer than 1 minute. This process is intended to reduce the energy consumption of the production process both by reducing the demand for thermal energy required to heat the water and by reducing the electrical energy required to carry out the loosening process. Furthermore, the risk of carbonisation/burning of fibres on circular knives in further production steps should also be reduced.

With the EP 2 963 198 A1 A method for producing a flame-retardant nonwoven mat, in particular an insulating mat, is claimed, comprising a) providing shredded plant material containing plant fibers or shredded plant material containing plant fibers and shives, b) providing at least one binding agent, c) providing at least one flame retardant, d) producing a material layer with an upper and a lower side from the shredded plant material, f) mixing the shredded plant material with the at least a binder, g1) discharging the fiber mixture onto a conveyor belt to form a fiber web with an upper and a lower side and treating the fiber web with at least one flame retardant, and/or g2) discharging the fiber mixture onto a conveyor belt to form a fiber web, forming a preliminary nonwoven with an upper and a lower side by means of at least one nonwoven spreader, and/or by means of at least one nonwoven former containing at least one needle roller or a spool, and treating the preliminary nonwoven with at least one flame retardant, h) forming a nonwoven with an upper and a lower side from the fiber web according to step g1) or from the preliminary nonwoven according to step g2) by means of at least one nonwoven former, in particular an aerodynamic nonwoven former containing a spool, and j) solidifying the nonwoven to form the fiber nonwoven mat, in particular an insulation mat. This process is intended to enable the production of insulation boards from renewable raw materials, which delivers insulation boards with sufficient flame retardancy, in particular without having to accept any loss in their mechanical and/or thermal insulation properties and which can nevertheless be operated economically.

The DE 22 29 405 A1 is based on a process for producing building elements for the construction industry from cellulose-containing materials and/or minerals using residues from mineral oil and/or coal distillation and resin. The claimed process is further characterized in that 15 to 85 % by weight of cellulose-containing material and/or mineral, 1 to 15 % by weight of one or more alkali metal hydroxides and/or one or more alkaline earth metal hydroxides, 1 to 45 % by weight of residues from mineral oil and/or coal distillation and 1 to 10 % by weight of resin and optionally also a foaming agent are heated to a temperature of 120 to 250 ^° C and the material obtained after the reaction is hot-formed. The aim is to enable the production of building elements for the construction industry from cellulose-containing materials and/or minerals with good thermal insulation properties, heat resistance up to at least 100 °C and high compressive strength and moisture insensitivity, which at the same time have a low density.

The WO 2008/107664 A1 relates to a fiber mat comprising fibers of plant origin arranged in a fibrous network and a material of plant origin different from the fibers of plant origin held within the fibrous network to provide a mat structure. The claimed The process should make it possible to provide fiber mats from fibers of plant origin.

When producing high-quality insulation mats from grain straw, it has often proven to be a disadvantage that grain straw can only be conveyed in a controlled manner to a limited extent or not at all using conventional conveyor systems due to its pronounced waxy and therefore very smooth coating on the stalks. This smooth surface of the stalks prevents these components of the straw from sticking to one another or to other objects.

When manufacturing insulation boards from renewable raw materials, it must not be forgotten that these are in competition with foamed insulation boards made from plastic materials. The latter usually have good insulating properties, which are achieved due to the homogeneity of the material over the entire insulating surface. On the other hand, it can sometimes be difficult to achieve a sufficiently homogeneous material distribution within the insulation mat, for example with insulation boards made from hemp plants that contain shives. This lack of homogeneous distribution is just as detrimental to adequate thermal insulation as it is to the stability required of the insulation boards. Although the stability of such an insulation board can be increased by stronger consolidation and the use of a larger amount of binding agents, this usually worsens the thermal insulation properties.

It would therefore be desirable to be able to use a process for the production of fibre materials, in particular insulation mats or insulation boards, from renewable raw materials that is not afflicted with the shortcomings of the state of the art.

The present invention was therefore based on the object of providing a process with which fiber materials, in particular insulation mats or insulation boards, can be obtained in a reliable manner, which are characterized by a homogeneous distribution of the components forming the fiber material, good thermal insulation properties which are comparable to those of foamed plastic insulation boards, and at the same time good stability or mechanical strength.

• a) Zurverfügungstellung von, vorzugsweise zumindest in Teilen vorzerkleinertem, insbesondere in der Länge verkürztem, gegebenenfalls getrocknetem, Getreidestroh, insbesondere Weizenstroh, wobei das Getreidestroh über eine Restfeuchte im Bereich von 5 bis 20 Gewichtsprozent verfügt und wobei der Anteil an Getreidestroh auf oder oberhalb von 70 Gew.-% liegt, wobei sich der genannte Anteil an Getreidestroh berechnet auf der Basis der Gesamtmenge an Getreidestroh und an zerkleinertem Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben.
• b) Zurverfügungstellung mindestens eines Bindemittels, insbesondere Bindefaser,
• c) Zurverfügungstellung einer, bezogen auf die Menge an Getreidestroh, Mindermenge an zerkleinertem Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben, insbesondere von der die Bastpflanzenfasern liefernden Bastpflanze, wobei vorzugsweise die Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben zumindest in Teilen miteinander verbunden sind, wobei der Anteil an dem zerkleinerten Bastpflanzenmaterial im Bereich von 2 bis 20 Gew.-% liegt, wobei sich der genannte Anteil an zerkleinertem Bastpflanzenmaterial berechnet auf der Basis der Gesamtmenge an Getreidestroh und an zerkleinertem Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben,
  wobei das zerkleinerte Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Pflanzenfasern und Schäben hauptsächlich Pflanzenfasern und/oder Schäben mit einer durchschnittlichen Länge im Bereich von 2 bis 15 cm aufweist,
• g) Vermischen des zerkleinerten Bastpflanzenmaterials enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben gemäß c) mit dem Getreidestroh gemäß a) und dem mindestens einen Bindemittel gemäß b), insbesondere der mindestens einen Bindefaser, insbesondere im Luftstrom,
• h) Abscheiden von Staub- und/oder Fremdteilchen aus der erhaltenen Mischung, insbesondere mittels mindestens eines Zyklonabscheiders und/oder Kondensers, insbesondere Kondensers,
• j) Austragung der Mischung gemäß g) oder h) auf ein Förderband unter Ausbildung eines Faserflors,
• n) gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen der Mischung mit mindestens einem partikulären Bindemittel, insbesondere in Form von Pulver, Granulat oder Fasern oder einer beliebigen Mischung hiervon,
• q) Beaufschlagen der Mischung mit Wasserdampf, insbesondere wenn in Schritt n) ein partikuläres Bindemittel, vorzugsweise in Pulverform, zugegeben wird, und/oder
• r) Aktivieren des Bindemittels und gegebenenfalls gleichzeitiges oder zeitlich versetztes Beaufschlagen der Mischung mit Druck,
• s) gegebenenfalls Kalandrieren der gemäß Schritt q) oder r) erhaltenen Mischung,
• t) sofern in Schritt q), r) und/oder s) eine Wärmebehandlung stattgefunden hat, zumindest partielles Abkühlen der gemäß Schritt q, r) und/oder s) verfestigten Mischung und gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen mit Druck und
• u) Vereinzeln der verfestigten Mischung zu Faserwerkstoffen, insbesondere Faservliesmatten oder Faservliesplatten.

Accordingly, a process for producing fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven sheets, has been found, comprising

• a) Provision of, preferably at least partially pre-shredded, in particular length-shortened, optionally dried, cereal straw, in particular wheat straw, wherein the cereal straw has a residual moisture content in the range of 5 to 20 percent by weight and wherein the proportion of cereal straw is at or above 70 percent by weight, wherein the said proportion of cereal straw is calculated on the basis of the total amount of cereal straw and of shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and shives.
• b) Provision of at least one binding agent, in particular binding fibre,
• c) providing a smaller amount of chopped bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives, in particular from the bast plant providing the bast plant fibres, based on the amount of cereal straw, wherein the bast plant fibres and shives are preferably at least partially connected to one another, wherein the proportion of chopped bast plant material is in the range of 2 to 20 % by weight, wherein the said proportion of chopped bast plant material is calculated on the basis of the total amount of cereal straw and of chopped bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives,
  wherein the shredded bast plant material containing plant fibres and shives mainly comprises plant fibres and/or shives with an average length in the range of 2 to 15 cm,
• g) mixing the shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives according to c) with the cereal straw according to a) and the at least one binding agent according to b), in particular the at least one binding fibre, in particular in an air stream,
• h) separating dust and/or foreign particles from the resulting mixture, in particular by means of at least one cyclone separator and/or condenser, in particular a condenser,
• j) discharging the mixture according to g) or h) onto a conveyor belt to form a fibre web,
• n) optionally adding to the mixture at least one particulate binder, in particular in the form of powder, granules or fibres or any mixture thereof,
• q) subjecting the mixture to steam, in particular if a particulate binder, preferably in powder form, is added in step n), and/or
• r) activating the binder and, if necessary, applying pressure to the mixture simultaneously or at different times,
• s) optionally calendering the mixture obtained according to step q) or r),
• t) if a heat treatment has taken place in step q), r) and/or s), at least partially cooling the mixture solidified according to step q, r) and/or s) and, if necessary, applying pressure and
• u) separating the solidified mixture into fibre materials, in particular fibre fleece mats or fibre fleece sheets.

• d) Herstellung einer ersten Materiallage aus dem zerkleinerten Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben in einer ersten Zuführvorrichtung,
• e) Herstellung mindestens einer zweiten Materiallage aus dem Getreidestroh gemäß a) in einer zweiten Zuführvorrichtung,
• f) Versetzen der ersten und/oder zweiten Materiallage und/oder des Getreidestrohs gemäß a) mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen der Materiallagen von der Oberseite und/oder der Unterseite, insbesondere der Oberseite, mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder ein Biozid,
• g) Vermischen des zerkleinerten Bastpflanzenmaterials enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben mit dem Getreidestroh gemäß a) und/oder e) oder f) und dem mindestens einen Bindemittel gemäß b), insbesondere der mindestens einen Bindefaser. insbesondere im Luftstrom.

In an expedient embodiment, the method according to the invention also provides the following steps after step c):

• d) producing a first material layer from the shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives in a first feeding device,
• e) producing at least a second material layer from the cereal straw according to a) in a second feeding device,
• f) adding at least one flame retardant and/or a hydrophobic agent and/or a biocide to the first and/or second material layer and/or the cereal straw according to a), in particular applying an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and/or a hydrophobic agent and/or a biocide to the material layers from the top and/or the bottom, in particular the top,
• g) mixing the comminuted bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and shives with the cereal straw according to a) and/or e) or f) and the at least one binding agent according to b), in particular the at least one binding fiber, in particular in an air stream.

• i) Zwischenlagerung der nach Schritt g) bzw. h) erhaltenen Mischung und
• j) Austragung der Mischung gemäß i) auf ein Förderband unter Ausbildung eines Faserflors.

In a further development, the method according to the invention can also make use of the following steps after step g) and before step k):

• i) intermediate storage of the mixture obtained after step g) or h) and
• j) discharging the mixture according to i) onto a conveyor belt to form a fibre web.

• k) gegebenenfalls Behandeln des Faserflors mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen des Faserflors von der Oberseite und/oder der Unterseite, insbesondere der Oberseite, mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder ein Biozid, jeweils insbesondere mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel,
• l) Bilden eines Vorvlieses mittels mindestens eines ersten Vliesbildners, insbesondere ausgestattet mit Nadeln oder Stiften, beispielsweise aerodynamischen Vliesbildners, enthaltend mindestens eine Nadelwalze oder einen Tambour, und/oder mittels mindestens eines Vliesstreuers, insbesondere umfassend oder bestehend aus mindestens einer Stiftwalze, wobei die Mischung vorzugsweise vermittels einer ersten Transporteinheit, insbesondere enthaltend mindestens ein Walzenpaar aus Ober-und Unterwalze oder eine Oberwalze und einem Muldentisch, dem Vliesbildner oder Vliesstreuer zugeführt wird,
• m) gegebenenfalls Behandeln des Vorvlieses mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen des Vorvlieses von der Oberseite und/oder Unterseite, insbesondere der Oberseite, mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder ein Biozid, jeweils insbesondere mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel,
• n) gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen des Vorvlieses, insbesondere Bestreuen des Vorvlieses, mit mindestens einem partikulären Bindemittel, insbesondere in Form von Pulver, Granulat oder Fasern oder einer beliebigen Mischung hiervon,
• o) Bilden eines Vlieses aus dem Vorvlies gemäß Schritt l), m) oder n) mittels eines zweiten, insbesondere aerodynamischen, Vliesbildners, insbesondere enthaltend einen Tambour, insbesondere ausgestattet mit einem Sägezahndraht und/oder einer Stiftwalze, wobei das Vorvlies vorzugsweise vermittels einer zweiten Transporteinheit, enthaltend mindestens ein Walzenpaar aus Ober- und Unterwalze oder enthaltend eine Oberwalze und einen Zuführtisch, dem zweiten Vliesbildner, insbesondere Tambour, zugeführt wird,
• p) gegebenenfalls Behandeln dieses Vlieses mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen des Vlieses von der Oberseite und/oder Unterseite, insbesondere der Oberseite, mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder ein Biozid, jeweils insbesondere mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel,
• q) Beaufschlagen des Vlieses mit Wasserdampf, insbesondere wenn in Schritt n) ein partikuläres Bindemittel, vorzugsweise in Pulverform, zugegeben wird, und/oder
• r) Aktivieren des Bindemittels durch Behandeln des gemäß Schritt o), p) oder q) erhaltenen Vlieses mit Wärme zwecks Thermobonding des Bindemittels, insbesondere der Bindefasern, und gegebenenfalls gleichzeitiges oder zeitlich versetztes Beaufschlagen des Vlieses mit Druck,
• s) Kalandrieren des gemäß Schritt q) oder r) erhaltenen Vlieses,
• t) sofern in Schritt q), r) und/oder s) eine Wärmebehandlung stattgefunden hat, Abkühlen des gemäß Schritt q, r) und/oder s) verfestigten Vlieses und gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen mit Druck und
• u) Vereinzeln des verfestigten Vlieses zu Faservlieswerkstoffen, insbesondere Faservliesmatten oder Faservliesplatten.

Embodiments of the method according to the invention have also proven to be particularly advantageous in which the following steps are further provided after step j):

• k) optionally treating the fiber web with at least one flame retardant and/or a hydrophobic agent and/or a biocide, in particular applying to the fiber web from the top side and/or the bottom side, in particular the top side, an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and/or a hydrophobic agent and/or a biocide, in each case in particular at least one flame retardant,
• l) forming a pre-fleece by means of at least one first fleece former, in particular equipped with needles or pins, for example an aerodynamic fleece former, containing at least one needle roller or a tambour, and/or by means of at least one fleece spreader, in particular comprising or consisting of at least one pin roller, wherein the mixture is preferably fed to the fleece former or fleece spreader by means of a first transport unit, in particular containing at least one pair of rollers consisting of an upper and lower roller or an upper roller and a trough table,
• m) optionally treating the pre-woven fabric with at least one flame retardant and/or a hydrophobic agent and/or a biocide, in particular applying to the pre-woven fabric from the top and/or bottom, in particular the top, an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and/or a hydrophobic agent and/or a biocide, in each case in particular at least one flame retardant,
• n) if necessary, applying to the pre-fleece, in particular sprinkling the pre-fleece, at least one particulate binder, in particular in the form of powder, granules or fibres or any mixture thereof,
• o) forming a nonwoven from the pre-nonwoven according to step l), m) or n) by means of a second, in particular aerodynamic, nonwoven former, in particular containing a drum, in particular equipped with a sawtooth wire and/or a pin roller, wherein the pre-nonwoven is preferably transported by means of a second transport unit, containing at least one pair of rollers consisting of an upper and lower roller or containing a top roller and a feed table, to which the second web former, in particular the drum, is fed,
• p) optionally treating this nonwoven with at least one flame retardant and/or a hydrophobic agent and/or a biocide, in particular applying to the nonwoven from the top and/or bottom, in particular the top, an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and/or a hydrophobic agent and/or a biocide, in each case in particular at least one flame retardant,
• q) exposing the fleece to steam, in particular if a particulate binder, preferably in powder form, is added in step n), and/or
• r) activating the binder by treating the fleece obtained according to step o), p) or q) with heat for the purpose of thermobonding the binder, in particular the binding fibres, and optionally applying pressure to the fleece simultaneously or at different times,
• s) calendering the nonwoven obtained according to step q) or r),
• t) if a heat treatment has taken place in step q), r) and/or s), cooling the fleece solidified according to step q, r) and/or s) and, if necessary, applying pressure and
• u) separating the consolidated web into nonwoven materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven sheets.

1. a) Zurverfügungstellung von, vorzugsweise zumindest in Teilen vorzerkleinertem, insbesondere in der Länge verkürztem, gegebenenfalls getrocknetem, Getreidestroh, insbesondere Weizenstroh, wobei das Getreidestroh über eine Restfeuchte im Bereich von 5 bis 20 Gewichtsprozent verfügt und wobei der Anteil an Getreidestroh auf oder oberhalb von 70 Gew.-% liegt, wobei sich der genannte Anteil an Getreidestroh berechnet auf der Basis der Gesamtmenge an Getreidestroh und an zerkleinertem Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben.
2. b) Zurverfügungstellung mindestens eines Bindemittels, insbesondere Bindefaser,
3. c) Zurverfügungstellung einer, bezogen auf die Menge an Getreidestroh, Mindermenge an zerkleinertem Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben, insbesondere von der die Bastpflanzenfasern liefernden Bastpflanze, wobei vorzugsweise die Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben zumindest in Teilen miteinander verbunden sind,
   • wobei der Anteil an dem zerkleinerten Bastpflanzenmaterial im Bereich von 2 bis 20 Gew.-% liegt, wobei sich der genannte Anteil an zerkleinertem Bastpflanzenmaterial berechnet auf der Basis der Gesamtmenge an Getreidestroh und an zerkleinertem Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben,
   • wobei das zerkleinerte Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Pflanzenfasern und Schäben hauptsächlich Pflanzenfasern und/oder Schäben mit einer durchschnittlichen Länge im Bereich von 2 bis 15 cm aufweist,
4. d) Herstellung einer ersten Materiallage aus dem zerkleinerten Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben in einer ersten Zuführvorrichtung,
5. e) Herstellung mindestens einer zweiten Materiallage aus dem Getreidestroh gemäß a) in einer zweiten Zuführvorrichtung,
6. f) Versetzen der ersten und/oder zweiten Materiallage und/oder des Getreidestrohs gemäß a) mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen der Materiallagen von der Oberseite und/oder der Unterseite, insbesondere der Oberseite, mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder ein Biozid,
7. g) Vermischen des zerkleinerten Bastpflanzenmaterials enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben mit dem Getreidestroh gemäß a) und/oder e) oder f) und gegebenenfalls dem mindestens einen Bindemittel gemäß b), insbesondere der mindestens einen Bindefaser, insbesondere im Luftstrom,
8. h) Abscheiden von Staub- und/oder Fremdteilchen aus der erhaltenen Mischung, insbesondere mittels mindestens eines Zyklonabscheiders und/oder Kondensers, insbesondere Kondensers,
9. i) gegebenenfalls Zwischenlagerung der nach Schritt g) oder h) erhaltenen Mischung,
10. j) Austragung des Getreidestrohs gemäß a) oder f) oder der zweiten Materiallage gemäß e) oder f) oder Austragung der Mischung gemäß g), h) oder i) auf ein Förderband unter Ausbildung eines Faserflors,
11. k) gegebenenfalls Behandeln des Faserflors mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen des Faserflors von der Oberseite und/oder der Unterseite, insbesondere der Oberseite, mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder ein Biozid, jeweils insbesondere mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel,
12. l) Bilden eines Vorvlieses mittels mindestens eines ersten Vliesbildners, insbesondere ausgestattet mit Nadeln oder Stiften, beispielsweise aerodynamischen Vliesbildners, enthaltend mindestens eine Nadelwalze oder einen Tambour, und/oder mittels mindestens eines Vliesstreuers, insbesondere umfassend oder bestehend aus mindestens einer Stiftwalze, wobei die Mischung vorzugsweise vermittels einer ersten Transporteinheit, insbesondere enthaltend mindestens ein Walzenpaar aus Ober-und Unterwalze oder eine Oberwalze und einem Muldentisch, dem Vliesbildner oder Vliesstreuer zugeführt wird,
13. m) gegebenenfalls Behandeln des Vorvlieses mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen des Vorvlieses von der Oberseite und/oder Unterseite, insbesondere der Oberseite, mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder ein Biozid, jeweils insbesondere mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel,
14. n) gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen des Vorvlieses, insbesondere Bestreuen des Vorvlieses, mit mindestens einem partikulären Bindemittel, insbesondere in Form von Pulver, Granulat oder Fasern oder einer beliebigen Mischung hiervon,
15. o) Bilden eines Vlieses aus dem Vorvlies gemäß Schritt l), m) oder n) mittels eines zweiten, insbesondere aerodynamischen, Vliesbildners, insbesondere enthaltend einen Tambour, insbesondere ausgestattet mit einem Sägezahndraht und/oder einer Stiftwalze, wobei das Vorvlies vorzugsweise vermittels einer zweiten Transporteinheit, enthaltend mindestens ein Walzenpaar aus Ober- und Unterwalze oder enthaltend eine Oberwalze und einen Zuführtisch, dem zweiten Vliesbildner, insbesondere Tambour, zugeführt wird,
16. p) gegebenenfalls Behandeln dieses Vlieses mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel und/oder einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen des Vlieses von der Oberseite und/oder Unterseite, insbesondere der Oberseite, mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel und/oder ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder ein Biozid, jeweils insbesondere mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel,
17. q) Beaufschlagen des Vlieses mit Wasserdampf, insbesondere wenn in Schritt n) ein partikuläres Bindemittel, vorzugsweise in Pulverform, zugegeben wird, und/oder
18. r) Aktivieren des Bindemittels durch Behandeln des gemäß Schritt o), p) oder q) erhaltenen Vlieses mit Wärme zwecks Thermobonding des Bindemittels, insbesondere der Bindefasern, und gegebenenfalls gleichzeitiges oder zeitlich versetztes Beaufschlagen des Vlieses mit Druck,
19. s) gegebenenfalls Kalandrieren des gemäß Schritt q) oder r) erhaltenen Vlieses,
20. t) sofern in Schritt q), r) und/oder s) eine Wärmebehandlung stattgefunden hat, Abkühlen des gemäß Schritt q, r) und/oder s) verfestigten Vlieses und gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen mit Druck und
21. u) Vereinzeln des verfestigten Vlieses zu Faservlieswerkstoffen, insbesondere Faservliesmatten oder Faservliesplatten.

The advantages of the present invention are particularly also achieved with an embodiment of the method according to the invention comprising the following steps:

1. a) Provision of cereal straw, in particular wheat straw, which is preferably at least partially pre-shredded, in particular shortened in length and optionally dried, wherein the cereal straw has a residual moisture content in the range of 5 to 20 percent by weight and wherein the proportion of cereal straw is at or above 70 percent by weight, wherein the said proportion of cereal straw is calculated on the basis of the total amount of cereal straw and of shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and shives.
2. b) Provision of at least one binding agent, in particular binding fibre,
3. c) providing a smaller quantity of chopped bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives, in particular from the bast plant providing the bast plant fibres, relative to the quantity of cereal straw, wherein the bast plant fibres and shives are preferably at least partially connected to one another,
   • wherein the proportion of the shredded bast plant material is in the range of 2 to 20 wt.%, wherein the said proportion of shredded bast plant material is calculated on the basis of the total amount of cereal straw and shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives,
   • wherein the shredded bast plant material containing plant fibres and shives mainly comprises plant fibres and/or shives with an average length in the range of 2 to 15 cm,
4. d) producing a first material layer from the shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives in a first feeding device,
5. e) producing at least a second material layer from the cereal straw according to a) in a second feeding device,
6. f) adding at least one flame retardant and/or a hydrophobic agent and/or a biocide to the first and/or second material layer and/or the cereal straw according to a), in particular applying an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and/or a hydrophobic agent and/or a biocide to the material layers from the top and/or the bottom, in particular the top,
7. g) mixing the shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives with the cereal straw according to a) and/or e) or f) and optionally the at least one binding agent according to b), in particular the at least one binding fibre, in particular in an air stream,
8. h) separating dust and/or foreign particles from the resulting mixture, in particular by means of at least one cyclone separator and/or condenser, in particular a condenser,
9. i) if necessary, intermediate storage of the mixture obtained after step g) or h),
10. j) discharging the cereal straw according to a) or f) or the second layer of material according to e) or f) or discharging the mixture according to g), h) or i) onto a conveyor belt to form a fibre web,
11. k) optionally treating the fiber web with at least one flame retardant and/or a hydrophobic agent and/or a biocide, in particular applying to the fiber web from the top side and/or the bottom side, in particular the top side, an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and/or a hydrophobic agent and/or a biocide, in each case in particular at least one flame retardant,
12. l) forming a pre-fleece by means of at least one first fleece former, in particular equipped with needles or pins, for example an aerodynamic fleece former, containing at least one needle roller or a tambour, and/or by means of at least one fleece spreader, in particular comprising or consisting of at least one pin roller, wherein the mixture is preferably fed to the fleece former or fleece spreader by means of a first transport unit, in particular containing at least one pair of rollers consisting of an upper and lower roller or an upper roller and a trough table,
13. m) optionally treating the pre-woven fabric with at least one flame retardant and/or a hydrophobic agent and/or a biocide, in particular applying to the pre-woven fabric from the top and/or bottom, in particular the top, an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and/or a hydrophobic agent and/or a biocide, in each case in particular at least one flame retardant,
14. n) if necessary, applying to the pre-fleece, in particular sprinkling the pre-fleece, at least one particulate binder, in particular in the form of powder, granules or fibres or any mixture thereof,
15. o) forming a nonwoven from the pre-fleece according to step l), m) or n) by means of a second, in particular aerodynamic, nonwoven former, in particular containing a drum, in particular equipped with a sawtooth wire and/or a pin roller, wherein the pre-fleece is preferably fed to the second nonwoven former, in particular tambour,
16. p) optionally treating this nonwoven with at least one flame retardant and/or a hydrophobic agent and/or a biocide, in particular applying to the nonwoven from the top and/or bottom, in particular the top, an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and/or a hydrophobic agent and/or a biocide, in each case in particular at least one flame retardant,
17. q) exposing the fleece to steam, in particular if a particulate binder, preferably in powder form, is added in step n), and/or
18. r) activating the binder by treating the fleece obtained according to step o), p) or q) with heat for the purpose of thermobonding the binder, in particular the binding fibres, and optionally applying pressure to the fleece simultaneously or at different times,
19. s) optionally calendering the nonwoven obtained according to step q) or r),
20. t) if a heat treatment has taken place in step q), r) and/or s), cooling the fleece solidified according to step q, r) and/or s) and, if necessary, applying pressure and
21. u) separating the consolidated web into nonwoven materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven sheets.

The method according to the invention enables completely unproblematic material transport of grain straw even in conventional compounding plants, so that high-quality fiber materials in terms of insulation technology, in particular fiber fleece mats or fiber fleece panels, can be produced reproducibly in consistently high quality. Without being bound to a theory, it is currently assumed that the surfaces of the bast plant materials have sufficient grip, which also takes the smooth grain straw components with them during transport, without a so-called sedimentation process occurring.

• a) die Zurverfügungstellung von Getreidestroh, insbesondere Weizenstroh, wobei das Getreidestroh über eine Restfeuchte im Bereich von 5 bis 20 Gewichtsprozent verfügt und wobei der Anteil an Getreidestroh auf oder oberhalb von 70 Gew.-% liegt, wobei sich der genannte Anteil an Getreidestroh berechnet auf der Basis der Gesamtmenge an Getreidestroh und an zerkleinertem Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben.
• b) die Zurverfügungstellung mindestens eines Bindemittels, insbesondere Bindefaser,
• c) die Zurverfügungstellung einer, bezogen auf die Menge an Getreidestroh, Mindermenge an zerkleinertem Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben, insbesondere von der die Bastpflanzenfasern liefernden Bastpflanze, wobei vorzugsweise die Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben zumindest in Teilen miteinander verbunden sind,
  • wobei der Anteil an dem zerkleinerten Bastpflanzenmaterial im Bereich von 2 bis 20 Gew. % liegt, wobei sich der genannte Anteil an zerkleinertem Bastpflanzenmaterial berechnet auf der Basis der Gesamtmenge an Getreidestroh und an zerkleinertem Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben,
  • wobei das zerkleinerte Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Pflanzenfasern und Schäben hauptsächlich Pflanzenfasern und/oder Schäben mit einer durchschnittlichen Länge im Bereich von 2 bis 15 cm aufweist,
• g) Vermischen des zerkleinerten Bastpflanzenmaterials enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben mit dem Getreidestroh gemäß a) und gegebenenfalls dem mindestens einen Bindemittel gemäß b), insbesondere der mindestens einen Bindefaser, insbesondere im Luftstrom,
• h) Abscheiden von Staub- und/oder Fremdteilchen aus der erhaltenen Mischung, insbesondere mittels mindestens eines Zyklonabscheiders und/oder Kondensers, insbesondere Kondensers,
• j) Austragung der Mischung gemäß g) oder h) auf ein Förderband unter Ausbildung eines Faserflors,
• l) Bilden eines Vorvlieses mittels mindestens eines ersten Vliesbildners, insbesondere ausgestattet mit Nadeln oder Stiften, beispielsweise aerodynamischen Vliesbildners, enthaltend mindestens eine Nadelwalze oder einen Tambour, und/oder mittels mindestens eines Vliesstreuers, insbesondere umfassend oder bestehend aus mindestens einer Stiftwalze, wobei die Mischung vorzugsweise vermittels einer ersten Transporteinheit, insbesondere enthaltend mindestens ein Walzenpaar aus Ober-und Unterwalze oder eine Oberwalze und einem Muldentisch, dem Vliesbildner oder Vliesstreuer zugeführt wird,
• n) gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen des Vorvlieses, insbesondere Bestreuen des Vorvlieses, mit mindestens einem partikulären Bindemittel, insbesondere in Form von Pulver, Granulat oder Fasern oder einer beliebigen Mischung hiervon,
• o) Bilden eines Vlieses aus dem Vorvlies gemäß Schritt l) oder n) mittels eines zweiten, insbesondere aerodynamischen, Vliesbildners, insbesondere enthaltend einen Tambour, insbesondere ausgestattet mit einem Sägezahndraht und/oder einer Stiftwalze, wobei das Vorvlies vorzugsweise vermittels einer zweiten Transporteinheit, enthaltend mindestens ein Walzenpaar aus Ober- und Unterwalze oder enthaltend eine Oberwalze und einen Zuführtisch, dem zweiten Vliesbildner, insbesondere Tambour, zugeführt wird,
• r) Aktivieren des Bindemittels durch Behandeln des gemäß Schritt o) erhaltenen Vlieses mit Wärme zwecks Thermobonding des Bindemittels, insbesondere der Bindefasern, und gegebenenfalls gleichzeitiges oder zeitlich versetztes Beaufschlagen des Vlieses mit Druck,
• t) Abkühlen des gemäß Schritt r) verfestigten Vlieses und gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen mit Druck und
• u) Vereinzeln des verfestigten Vlieses zu Faservlieswerkstoffen, insbesondere Faservliesmatten oder Faservliesplatten.

In an expedient embodiment of the method according to the invention, this comprises

• a) the provision of cereal straw, in particular wheat straw, wherein the cereal straw has a residual moisture content in the range of 5 to 20 percent by weight and wherein the proportion of cereal straw is at or above 70 percent by weight, wherein the said proportion of cereal straw is calculated on the basis of the total amount of cereal straw and of shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and shives.
• b) the provision of at least one binding agent, in particular binding fibre,
• c) the provision of a smaller quantity of chopped bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives, in particular from the bast plant providing the bast plant fibres, relative to the quantity of cereal straw, wherein the bast plant fibres and shives are preferably at least partially connected to one another,
  • wherein the proportion of the shredded bast plant material is in the range of 2 to 20 wt. % , wherein the said proportion of shredded bast plant material is calculated on the basis of the total amount of cereal straw and shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives,
  • wherein the shredded bast plant material containing plant fibres and shives mainly comprises plant fibres and/or shives with an average length in the range of 2 to 15 cm,
• g) mixing the shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives with the cereal straw according to a) and optionally the at least one binding agent according to b), in particular the at least one binding fibre, in particular in an air stream,
• h) separating dust and/or foreign particles from the resulting mixture, in particular by means of at least one cyclone separator and/or condenser, in particular a condenser,
• j) discharging the mixture according to g) or h) onto a conveyor belt to form a fibre web,
• l) forming a pre-fleece by means of at least one first fleece former, in particular equipped with needles or pins, for example an aerodynamic fleece former, containing at least one needle roller or a drum, and/or by means of at least one fleece spreader, in particular comprising or consisting of at least one pin roller, wherein the mixture is preferably fed to the fleece former or fleece spreader by means of a first transport unit, in particular containing at least one pair of rollers consisting of an upper and lower roller or an upper roller and a trough table,
• n) if necessary, applying to the pre-fleece, in particular sprinkling the pre-fleece, at least one particulate binder, in particular in the form of powder, granules or fibres or any mixture thereof,
• o) forming a nonwoven from the pre-nonwoven according to step l) or n) by means of a second, in particular aerodynamic, nonwoven former, in particular containing a drum, in particular equipped with a sawtooth wire and/or a pin roller, wherein the pre-nonwoven is preferably fed to the second nonwoven former, in particular drum, by means of a second transport unit, containing at least one pair of rollers consisting of an upper and lower roller or containing an upper roller and a feed table,
• r) activating the binder by treating the fleece obtained according to step o) with heat for the purpose of thermobonding the binder, in particular the binding fibres, and optionally applying pressure to the fleece simultaneously or at different times,
• t) cooling the fleece solidified according to step r) and, if necessary, applying pressure and
• u) separating the consolidated web into nonwoven materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven sheets.

1. a) die Zurverfügungstellung einer Hauptmenge an Getreidestroh, insbesondere Weizenstroh, wobei das Getreidestroh über eine Restfeuchte im Bereich von 5 bis 20 Gewichtsprozent verfügt und wobei der Anteil an Getreidestroh auf oder oberhalb von 70 Gew.-% liegt, wobei sich der genannte Anteil an Getreidestroh berechnet auf der Basis der Gesamtmenge an Getreidestroh und an zerkleinertem Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben,
2. b) Zurverfügungstellung mindestens eines Bindemittels, insbesondere Bindefaser,
3. c) die Zurverfügungstellung einer Mindermenge an zerkleinertem Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben von der die Bastpflanzenfasern liefernden Bastpflanze, wobei vorzugsweise die Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben zumindest in Teilen miteinander verbunden sind, wobei der Anteil an dem zerkleinerten Bastpflanzenmaterial im Bereich von 2 bis 20 Gew. % liegt, wobei sich der genannte Anteil an zerkleinertem Bastpflanzenmaterial berechnet auf der Basis der Gesamtmenge an Getreidestroh und an zerkleinertem Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben,
   wobei das zerkleinerte Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Pflanzenfasern und Schäben hauptsächlich Pflanzenfasern und/oder Schäben mit einer durchschnittlichen Länge im Bereich von 2 bis 15 cm aufweist,
4. d) Herstellung einer ersten Materiallage aus dem zerkleinerten Bastpflanzenmaterial enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben in einer ersten Zuführvorrichtung,
5. e) gegebenenfalls Herstellung mindestens einer weiteren, zweiten Materiallage aus dem Getreidestroh gemäß a) in einer weiteren, zweiten Zuführvorrichtung,
6. f) gegebenenfalls Versetzten der ersten und/oder zweiten Materiallage und/oder des Getreidestrohs gemäß a) mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel, mindestens einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder mindestens einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen der Materiallagen von der Oberseite mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel, mindestens ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder mindestens ein Biozid,
7. g) Vermischen des zerkleinerten Bastpflanzenmaterials enthaltend Bastpflanzenfasern und Schäben mit dem Getreidestroh gemäß a) und/oder e) und dem mindestens einen Bindemittel gemäß b), insbesondere der mindestens einen Bindefaser, insbesondere im Luftstrom,
8. h) Abscheiden von Staub- und/oder Fremdteilchen aus der erhaltenen Mischung, insbesondere mittels mindestens eines Zyklonabscheiders und/oder Kondensers, insbesondere Kondensers,
9. i) gegebenenfalls Zwischenlagerung der nach Schritt g) bzw. h) erhaltenen Mischung,
10. j) Austragung der Mischung auf ein Förderband unter Ausbildung eines Faserflors,
11. k) Behandeln des Faserflors mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel, mindestens einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder mindestens einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen des Faserflors von der Oberseite mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel, mindestens ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder mindestens ein Biozid,
12. l) Bilden eines Vorvlieses mittels mindestens eines ersten Vliesbildners, insbesondere ausgestattet mit Nadeln oder Stiften, beispielsweise aerodynamischen Vliesbildners, enthaltend mindestens eine Nadelwalze oder einen Tambour, und/oder mittels mindestens eines Vliesstreuers, insbesondere umfassend oder bestehend aus mindestens einer Stiftwalze, wobei die Mischung vorzugsweise vermittels einer ersten Transporteinheit, insbesondere enthaltend mindestens ein Walzenpaar aus Ober-und Unterwalze oder eine Oberwalze und einem Muldentisch, dem Vliesbildner oder Vliesstreuer zugeführt wird,
13. m) gegebenenfalls Behandeln des Vorvlieses mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel, mindestens einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder mindestens einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen des Vorvlieses von der Oberseite und/oder Unterseite mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel, mindestens ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder mindestens ein Biozid,
14. n) gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen des Vorvlieses, insbesondere Bestreuen des Vorvlieses, mit mindestens einem partikulären Bindemittel, insbesondere in Form von Pulver, Granulat oder Fasern oder einer beliebigen Mischung hiervon,
15. o) Bilden eines Vlieses aus dem Vorvlies gemäß Schritt l), m) oder n) mittels eines zweiten, insbesondere aerodynamischen, Vliesbildners, insbesondere enthaltend einen Tambour, insbesondere ausgestattet mit einem Sägezahndraht und/oder einer Stiftwalze, wobei das Vorvlies vorzugsweise vermittels einer zweiten Transporteinheit, enthaltend mindestens ein Walzenpaar aus Ober- und Unterwalze oder enthaltend eine Oberwalze und einen Zuführtisch, dem zweiten Vliesbildner, insbesondere Tambour, zugeführt wird,
16. p) gegebenenfalls Behandeln dieses Vlieses mit mindestens einem Flammschutzmittel, mindestens einem Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder mindestens einem Biozid, insbesondere Beaufschlagen des Vlieses von der Oberseite und/oder Unterseite mit einem wässrigen System, enthaltend mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel, mindestens ein Hydrophobierungsmittel und/oder mindestens ein Biozid,
17. q) gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen des Vlieses mit Wasserdampf, insbesondere wenn in Schritt n) ein partikuläres Bindemittel, vorzugsweise in Pulverform, zugegeben wird,
18. r) Aktivieren des Bindemittels durch Behandeln des gemäß Schritt o), p) oder q) erhaltenen Vlieses mit Wärme zwecks Thermobonding des Bindemittels, insbesondere der Bindefasern, und gegebenenfalls gleichzeitiges oder zeitlich versetztes Beaufschlagen des Vlieses mit Druck,
19. s) gegebenenfalls Kalandrieren des gemäß Schritt q) oder r) erhaltenen Vlieses,
20. t) sofern in Schritt q), r) und/oder s) eine Wärmebehandlung stattgefunden hat, Abkühlen des gemäß Schritt q, r) und/oder s) verfestigten Vlieses und gegebenenfalls Beaufschlagen mit Druck und
21. u) Vereinzeln des verfestigten Vlieses zu Faserwerkstoffen, insbesondere Faservliesmatten oder Faservliesplatten, z.B. Dämmstoffmatten.

In a preferred embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises the steps:

1. a) the provision of a main quantity of cereal straw, in particular wheat straw, wherein the cereal straw has a residual moisture content in the range of 5 to 20 percent by weight and wherein the proportion of cereal straw is at or above 70 percent by weight, wherein the said proportion of cereal straw is calculated on the basis of the total quantity of cereal straw and of shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and shives,
2. b) Provision of at least one binding agent, in particular binding fibre,
3. c) the provision of a small amount of chopped bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives from the bast plant supplying the bast plant fibres, wherein preferably the bast plant fibres and shives are at least partially connected to one another, wherein the proportion of chopped bast plant material is in the range of 2 to 20 % by weight, wherein the said proportion of chopped bast plant material is calculated on the basis of the total amount of cereal straw and chopped bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives,
   wherein the shredded bast plant material containing plant fibres and shives mainly comprises plant fibres and/or shives with an average length in the range of 2 to 15 cm,
4. d) producing a first material layer from the shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives in a first feeding device,
5. e) if necessary, producing at least one further, second layer of material from the cereal straw according to a) in a further, second feeding device,
6. f) optionally adding to the first and/or second material layer and/or the cereal straw according to a) at least one flame retardant, at least one hydrophobic agent and/or at least one biocide, in particular applying to the material layers from the top side an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant, at least one hydrophobic agent and/or at least one biocide,
7. g) mixing the shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives with the cereal straw according to a) and/or e) and the at least one binding agent according to b), in particular the at least one binding fibre, in particular in an air stream,
8. h) separating dust and/or foreign particles from the resulting mixture, in particular by means of at least one cyclone separator and/or condenser, in particular a condenser,
9. i) if necessary, intermediate storage of the mixture obtained after step g) or h),
10. j) discharging the mixture onto a conveyor belt to form a fibre web,
11. k) treating the fiber web with at least one flame retardant, at least one hydrophobic agent and/or at least one biocide, in particular applying an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant, at least one hydrophobic agent and/or at least one biocide to the fiber web from the top side,
12. l) forming a pre-fleece by means of at least one first fleece former, in particular equipped with needles or pins, for example an aerodynamic fleece former, containing at least one needle roller or a tambour, and/or by means of at least one fleece spreader, in particular comprising or consisting of at least one pin roller, wherein the mixture is preferably fed to the fleece former or fleece spreader by means of a first transport unit, in particular containing at least one pair of rollers consisting of an upper and lower roller or an upper roller and a trough table,
13. m) optionally treating the pre-woven fabric with at least one flame retardant, at least one hydrophobic agent and/or at least one biocide, in particular applying an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant, at least one hydrophobic agent and/or at least one biocide to the pre-woven fabric from the top and/or bottom side,
14. n) if necessary, applying to the pre-fleece, in particular sprinkling the pre-fleece, at least one particulate binder, in particular in the form of powder, granules or fibres or any mixture thereof,
15. o) forming a nonwoven from the pre-nonwoven according to step l), m) or n) by means of a second, in particular aerodynamic, nonwoven former, in particular containing a drum, in particular equipped with a sawtooth wire and/or a pin roller, wherein the pre-nonwoven is preferably fed to the second nonwoven former, in particular drum, by means of a second transport unit containing at least one pair of rollers consisting of an upper and lower roller or containing an upper roller and a feed table,
16. p) if necessary, treating this fleece with at least one flame retardant, at least one hydrophobic agent and/or at least one biocide, in particular applying the fleece from the top and/or bottom side with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant, at least one hydrophobic agent and/or at least one biocide,
17. q) optionally subjecting the fleece to steam, in particular if a particulate binder, preferably in powder form, is added in step n),
18. r) activating the binder by treating the fleece obtained according to step o), p) or q) with heat for the purpose of thermobonding the binder, in particular the binding fibres, and optionally applying pressure to the fleece simultaneously or at different times,
19. s) optionally calendering the nonwoven obtained according to step q) or r),
20. t) if a heat treatment has taken place in step q), r) and/or s), cooling the fleece solidified according to step q, r) and/or s) and, if necessary, applying pressure and
21. u) Separating the consolidated fleece into fibre materials, in particular fibre fleece mats or fibre fleece boards, e.g. insulation mats.

Grain straw in the sense of the invention is threshed dry stalks and leaves of grain. In an expedient embodiment, this grain straw is initially made available in a form pressed into bales. During processing, e.g. threshing grain straw, and in particular also when pressing into bales, grain straw is regularly bent, torn and/or cut, i.e. at least partially pre-shredded. Grain straw is therefore at least partially pre-shredded plant material, although an explicit shredding step has not taken place. The grain straw can preferably be selected from the group consisting of wheat straw, barley straw, rye straw, spelt straw, oat straw, rice straw and any mixtures thereof. Wheat straw is preferably used for the methods according to the invention.

Cereal straw is characterized by the fact that it is equipped with a pronounced cuticle, especially on its stalks. The cuticle of plants is usually a waxy coating whose hydrophobic properties help to reduce water loss. The cuticle is generally found on the leaves and stems of plants. The rhizodermis of plants, on the other hand, does not have a cuticle to not to hinder the absorption of water and nutrients. In the case of cereal straw in particular, the cuticle creates a very smooth and flat surface that prevents these components of the straw from sticking to each other or to other objects.

With the method according to the invention, it is no longer necessary for grain straw to be subjected to a treatment step before processing into fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven sheets, in which it is converted into a state of greater flexibility compared to its state before this treatment step and/or in which the cuticle is completely or partially removed. Accordingly, grain straw that has not been treated with heat and water, in particular not exposed to a wet steam, saturated steam and/or hot steam atmosphere or boiled in an aqueous system, is preferably used for the method according to the invention. Wet steam is regularly formed, for example, by boiling water in a closed container in a dense steam atmosphere, with small water droplets being entrained by the steam during evaporation and also being in the steam atmosphere. As soon as an equilibrium is established between the evaporation pressure of the water and the pressure of the water vapor during this process, this is referred to as saturated steam. If saturated steam separated from the (boiling) water is heated further, so-called hot steam is obtained. The methods according to the invention eliminate the need to provide treatment steps by which the cuticle can be partially or completely removed.

Accordingly, the method according to the invention preferably uses grain straw that is made available in a substantially uncrushed and chemically and thermally untreated state. Grain straw is uncrushed within the meaning of the present invention if, apart from the threshing process and any pressing process for producing bales, which can contribute to a certain degree of pre-crushing, it has not been subjected to any further explicit crushing step, for example by means of grinding units such as refiners.

The cereal straw preferably has a residual moisture content in the range of 7 to 20 percent by weight and particularly preferably in the range of 10 to 15 percent by weight.

The method according to the invention regularly uses such chopped cereal straw which has an average length, in particular absolute length, in the range up to 25 cm, e.g. from 0.5 to 25 cm or 4 to 25 cm, preferably in the range up to 20 cm, e.g. from 1 to 20 cm or 5 to 20 cm, and particularly preferably in the range up to 12 cm, e.g. from 1.5 to 12 cm or from 6 to 12 cm.

Particularly satisfactory results can also be achieved by setting the proportion of cereal straw at or above 80 % by weight and preferably at or above 90 % by weight. Additionally or alternatively, it can also be provided in particular that the proportion of the shredded bast plant material is preferably in the range of 4 to 10 % by weight. In the sense of the invention, a major amount of cereal straw is present in the fiber materials according to the invention, in particular nonwoven fiber mats or nonwoven fiber panels, when these contain more than 50 % by weight of cereal straw. The above-mentioned proportion of cereal straw is calculated on the basis of the total amount of cereal straw and of shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and shives. In the same way, the proportion of shredded bast plant material is determined on the basis of the total amount of this shredded bast plant material and of cereal straw. This means that a small amount of chopped bast plant material is present in the fiber materials according to the invention, in particular nonwoven fiber mats or nonwoven fiber sheets, if these contain less than 50 percent by weight of chopped bast plant material. In principle, the determination of the main and the small amount is based on a comparison of the amount of cereal straw on the one hand and the amount of chopped bast plant material on the other.

The chopped bast plant material used in the method according to the invention, in particular hemp and/or flax plant material, is preferably subjected to a roasting process, in particular field roasting, before the crushing step. In a particularly expedient embodiment, the chopped bast plant material, in particular hemp and/or flax plant material, has a degree of roasting in the range of 1 to 8. The following scale is used to determine the degree of roasting: 1 = not roasted and 9 = roasting completed, with 1 - 3 = olive green to light green, 4 - 6 = light blonde to beige with onset of fungal growth, 7 - 9 = ochre brown to dark brown with increasing fungal growth (according to IfPP (Information for Plant Production) Issue 7/ 1998, " Investigations into plant cultivation, harvesting and economic issues in the cultivation of fiber and grain hemp", State Institute for Plant Production Forchheim, ISSN 0937 - 6712, 7/1998 ).

In a further expedient embodiment, the shredded bast plant material, in particular hemp and/or flax plant material, has a shives content of less than 50 % by weight, in particular less than 45 % by weight, and particularly preferably less than 40 % by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the shredded bast plant material. The The average length, in particular the absolute length, of the fibres of the comminuted bast plant material, in particular flax plant material, is preferably in the range from 15 mm to 150 mm, in particular in the range from 30 mm to 130 mm and particularly preferably in the range from 50 mm to 90 mm.

For the shredded bast plant material, preference is given to materials selected from the group consisting of hemp, jute, nettle, flax, kenaf, ramie and miscanthus or any mixtures thereof.

In a particularly expedient embodiment of the method according to the invention, the feed station has a weighing module, a device for loosening the grain straw and/or bast plant material. By incorporating a weighing module, it can be ensured, preferably automatically, that the fiber materials obtained, in particular fiber fleece mats or fiber fleece sheets, do not have any significant fluctuations in thickness, strength and/or density. This would be detrimental to uniform, good thermal insulation as well as good stability. Fluctuations in thickness, strength and/or density can also be significantly reduced by providing a weighing module between the pre-fleece and fleece formation (steps m) and p)) to determine the amount of pre-fleece. By connecting the weighing module to a control unit, the amount of material to be fed to the second, in particular aerodynamic, fleece former per unit of time can be specifically adjusted.

Furthermore, it has proven to be preferable for many purposes to also provide a device for applying at least one flame retardant and/or at least one hydrophobic agent and/or at least one biocide to the bast plant material and/or the grain straw for the process according to the invention. Devices of this type have proven to be particularly suitable here, with which the bast plant material and/or the grain straw can be sprayed with an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant and/or at least one hydrophobic agent and/or at least one biocide. Accordingly, sufficient flame retardancy for the fiber materials according to the invention, in particular nonwoven fiber mats or nonwoven fiber sheets, can be obtained by applying at least one flame retardant, in particular an aqueous system containing at least one flame retardant, to the fiber pile and/or the pre-fleece and/or the fleece.

Suitable flame retardants can be selected from the group consisting of nitrogen-containing phosphates, in particular ammonium, melamine or guanidine phosphate, Aluminum phosphates, aluminum hydroxides, expanded graphite, borates, in particular ammonium, melamine, guanidine, potassium or sodium borates, boric acid, boron phosphoric acid esters, pre-oxidized viscose fibers, pre-oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers, carbon fibers and rice husks or any mixtures thereof. Nitrogen-containing phosphates, in particular ammonium, melamine or guanidine phosphates, aluminum phosphates, aluminum hydroxides, borates, in particular ammonium, melamine, guanidine, potassium or sodium borates, boric acid or boron phosphoric acid esters or any mixtures thereof can be introduced very effectively in the form of aqueous systems, for example aqueous solutions, into the material present as a material layer, fiber web, pre-fleece or fleece.

It is further preferred that the first and/or second nonwoven fabric former comprises a sieve drum which is or can be subjected to negative pressure for separating dust particles. In this way, conveying air can also be extracted. The cutting off of dust and, if necessary, conveying air contribute to further improved properties of the fiber materials obtained, for example in terms of stability and strength.

Binder fibers (also called binder fibers) are preferably used as binders in the processes according to the invention. Thermoplastic mono- or multi-component fibers can be used here, with bicomponent fibers generally being preferred. Suitable bicomponent fibers can be based on polyesters, polylactides and/or polyolefins, for example. The binder can basically be used in the form of fibers, granules or powder or as any mixture of these binder forms. Thermoplastic binders are preferred. Binders in the form of binder fibers are preferably used for the production process according to the invention. The binder is generally based on thermoplastic polymers. These materials have a softening temperature, also called the glass transition temperature, above which they assume a deformable, melt-like consistency. Accordingly, in the solidification known as thermobonding of the mixture of plant fibers and binders present in the pre-fleece or fleece, a connection of individual fibers or fiber bundles is achieved via the temporarily softened binder. This is because the thermoplastic binders solidify again when they cool down.

Phenolic resin fibers can also be used as binding agents. Other suitable binding agents, particularly for the production of MDF components from the fiber materials according to the invention, are urea-formaldehyde resins, melamine-urea-formaldehyde resins, phenol-formaldehyde resins, phenol-modified Melamine-formaldehyde resins, tannin-formaldehyde resins, polymeric methanediphenyl diisocyanate and/or phenolresorcinol resins.

Suitable binding agents that are suitable for the consolidation of nonwoven fabrics are known to those skilled in the art. This particularly applies to suitable binding agent fibers.

The step of activating the binder, in particular treating the fleece obtained in one of steps m) or p) with heat for the purpose of thermobonding the binder, in particular the binding fibers, can in a suitable embodiment also include applying steam to the fleece. Applying steam is also used in particular when a particulate binder, preferably in powder form, is used in step o). Applying steam can in one embodiment precede the activation step, in particular when applying steam is not sufficient to activate the binder. It then serves primarily to condition the fleece.

During activation, the binding agent forms a firm bond with the cereal straw and/or bast plant material. This is usually achieved particularly effectively with thermoplastic binding agents by treating them with heat. This makes use of the reversible softening behavior of the thermoplastic materials.

The proportion of the binder, in particular the binding fiber, is preferably in the range of 2 to 25 wt. % , more preferably in the range of 5 to 20 wt. % , and particularly preferably in the range of 10 to 15 wt. % , based on the total weight of the fiber material produced.

In one embodiment, the method according to the invention can be supplemented after step p) by the step of laminating the top and/or bottom side of the fleece with at least one cover fleece.

The method according to the invention also solves the problem underlying the invention particularly satisfactorily when the bast plant material containing plant fibers and shives mainly comprises plant fibers and/or shives with an average length, in particular absolute length, in the range from 3 to 12 cm and preferably in the range from 4 to 10 cm. Particularly suitable lengths of comminuted bast plant materials, in particular fibers/or shives, preferably fibers and shives, can also be obtained by setting the width of the cutting disks of the rotor shears or the rotor shredder in the range from 4 cm to 15 cm, preferably in the range from 5 to 12 cm. cm and particularly preferably in the range of 7 to 10 cm and/or that the diameter of the cutting disks is in the range of 300 mm to 900 mm, preferably in the range of 400 mm to 800 mm and particularly preferably in the range of 600 mm to 700 mm. The rotor shears or the rotor ripper regularly have two cutting shafts, in particular those working in opposite directions. Suitable rotor shears or rotor rippers are known to the expert, e.g. from WO2013/ 167497 known.

In the case of the shredded bast plant materials containing plant fibers and shives, the plant stems used are preferably those with an average thickness, preferably a maximum thickness, of up to 10 mm, preferably up to 6 mm and particularly preferably in the range of 3 mm to 5 mm.

According to a particularly useful embodiment, the desired length of bast plant fibers and shives can also be set particularly reliably if a guillotine cutter is used, which comprises a cutting blade that can be moved or moved essentially transversely to the conveying direction of the flow of bast plant material, in particular linearly. In this way, it is particularly easy to bring the bast plant fibers and shives to a predetermined average length without having to accept a particularly large range of variation in the lengths obtained.

A particularly homogeneous distribution of the components within the fiber materials obtained by the process according to the invention and a particularly plant-friendly and complication-free process sequence are achieved in particular by the fact that the plant stems underlying the shredded bast plant material containing plant fibers and shives have an average thickness, preferably maximum thickness, of up to 5 cm, preferably up to 4.5 cm and particularly preferably in the range of 0.2 cm to 3.5 cm before shredding.

For the process according to the invention, preference is given to using such comminuted bast plant materials with a fiber content in the range of 10 to 90 wt. % , in particular in the range of 20 to 60 wt. % and particularly preferably in the range of 40 to 60 wt. % , and/or a shives content in the range of 10 to 60 wt. % , in particular in the range of 20 to 60 wt. % and particularly preferably in the range of 20 to 45 wt. % , in each case based on the total weight of the comminuted bast plant material.

The object underlying the invention is further achieved by fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven panels, in particular insulating mats, obtainable according to the process according to the invention, comprising cereal straw in an amount of 70 % by weight or more, calculated on the basis of the total weight of cereal straw and of shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and shives, and shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and shives, in particular from the bast plant providing the bast plant fibers, in an amount in the range of 2 to 20 % by weight, wherein the said proportion by weight of the shredded bast plant material is calculated on the basis of the total weight of cereal straw and of shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and shives, wherein preferably the bast plant fibers and shives are at least partially bonded to one another, and at least one binding agent, in particular binding fiber, and optionally at least one flame retardant, hydrophobic agent and/or biocide, wherein the shredded bast plant material containing plant fibers and shives mainly contains plant fibers and/or shives with an average or absolute length in the range of 2 to 15 cm.

Preferred fiber materials according to the invention, in particular nonwoven fiber mats or nonwoven fiber sheets, are characterized in that the proportion of cereal straw therein is preferably at or above 80 % by weight and particularly preferably at or above 90 % by weight, wherein the said proportion by weight of cereal straw is calculated on the basis of the total weight of cereal straw and of shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and shives, and/or that the proportion of shredded bast plant material is preferably in the range of 4 to 10 % by weight, wherein the said proportion by weight of shredded bast plant material is calculated on the basis of the total weight of cereal straw and of shredded bast plant material containing bast plant fibers and shives.

Suitable fiber materials, in particular nonwoven fiber mats or nonwoven fiber panels, are characterized by a density in the range of greater than or equal to 15 kg/m ³ , preferably greater than or equal to 40 kg/m ³ and particularly preferably in the range from 20 to 600 kg/m ³ . In a particularly expedient embodiment, the fiber materials according to the invention, in particular nonwoven fiber mats or nonwoven fiber panels, have a density in the range of greater than or equal to 60 kg/m ³ and preferably greater than or equal to 150 kg/m ³ .

The fiber materials according to the invention, in particular fiber fleece mats or fiber fleece sheets, are also characterized in a preferred embodiment by the fact that they essentially contain no straw chips or that no straw chips are added.

Also preferred are fiber materials, in particular nonwoven fiber mats or nonwoven fiber sheets, which essentially contain no cereal straw in which the cuticle has been partially or completely removed. Furthermore, fiber materials, in particular nonwoven fiber mats or nonwoven fiber sheets, which - alternatively or additionally - essentially contain no refined cereal straw are also preferred.

In particular, sound-densified products can be used in furniture construction, for example as wall murals.

In a particularly useful embodiment, the fiber materials according to the invention are in the form of MDF boards, building insulation mats for heat and/or sound insulation, as a substrate for hydroponic systems or as furniture components.

The fiber materials according to the invention, in particular in the form of insulation mats or insulation boards, can preferably be used for noise and/or thermal insulation.

The present invention is based on the surprising discovery that grain straw can be transported uncrushed in conventional systems for the production of nonwoven mats if a small amount of a crushed bast plant material is added. For example, while grain straw as such sometimes cannot be transported at all via transport rollers or ladder belts, this can be done easily if it is mixed with crushed bast plant material beforehand. A further advantage of the method according to the invention is that the grain straw as such can be processed in a cost-effective manner into high-quality fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven panels, without the grain straw having to be subjected to crushing steps and/or chemical treatment to remove the cuticle beforehand. Also surprising is the high transport speed with which grain straw, in particular essentially uncrushed grain straw, can be processed into fiber materials, in particular nonwoven mats or nonwoven panels, on conventional systems by means of thermobonding. The processes according to the invention produce fiber materials, in particular nonwoven fiber mats or nonwoven fiber boards, in which the materials used are distributed very homogeneously. This results in very uniform insulation, both thermal insulation and sound insulation. Accordingly, the density differences within the fiber materials obtainable by the processes according to the invention, in particular nonwoven fiber mats or nonwoven fiber boards, are negligible or non-existent.

The products obtained using this process therefore have a high level of stability and can be used, for example, for external facade insulation. In addition, the process according to the invention allows the flexible introduction of both binding agents and flame retardants at different points in the process. This means that products for very specific applications can be manufactured in a targeted and reliable manner. Finally, the process according to the invention can also be used to obtain fiber materials, in particular fiber fleece mats or fiber fleece panels, with very different densities. Accordingly, the process according to the invention allows the production of fiber materials, in particular fiber fleece mats or fiber fleece panels, for both cavity insulation and facade insulation on one and the same system.

The features of the invention disclosed in the above description and in the claims may be essential for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments both individually and in any combination.

Claims (18)

1. Method for the production of fibrous materials, in particular fibrous web mats or fibrous web sheets, comprising

   a) Providing crop straw, wherein the crop straw has a residual moisture content in the range of 5 to 20% by weight and wherein the proportion of the crop straw is at or above 70% by weight, said proportion by weight of crop straw being calculated on the basis of the total weight of crop straw and of crushed bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives,

   b) Providing at least one binding agent, in particular binding fibre,

   c) Providing a reduced amount, relative to the amount of crop straw, of crushed bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives,

   wherein the proportion of the crushed bast plant material is in the range from 2 to 20 % by weight by weight, said proportion by weight of the crushed bast plant material being calculated on the basis of the total weight of crop straw and of crushed bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives,

   wherein the crushed bast plant material containing plant fibres and shives mainly comprises plant fibres and/or shives having an average or absolute length in the range of 2 to 15 cm,

   g) Mixing the crushed bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives according to c) with the crop straw according to a) and the at least one binding agent according to b),

   h) Separating dust and/or foreign particles from the resulting mixture, in particular by means of at least one cyclone separator and/or condenser,

   j) Discharging the mixture according to g) or h) onto a conveyor belt, forming a fibre blanket,

   n) optionally adding at least one, in particular particulate, binding agent to the mixture,

   q) Pressurizing the mixture with water vapour and/or

   r) Activating the binding agent and, optionally simultaneous or delayed pressurizing of the mixture,

   s) optionally calendering the mixture obtained according to step q) or r),

   t) if heat treatment has taken place in step q), r) and/or s), at least partial cooling of the mixture solidified in accordance with step q, r) and/or s) and, optionally, pressurizing, and

   u) Separating the solidified mixture into fibrous materials, in particular fibrous web mats or fibrous web sheets.
2. Method according to claim 1, further comprising after step c) the steps of

   d) Producing a first layer of material from the crushed bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives in a first feeding unit,

   e) Producing at least a second layer of material from the crop straw according to a) in a second feeding unit,

   f) Adding at least one flame retardant and/or one hydrophobising agent and/or one biocide to the first and/or second layer of material and/or the crop straw according to a),

   g) Mixing the crushed bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives with the crop straw according to a) and/or e) or f) and the at least one binding agent according to b).
3. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising after step j) the steps of:

   k) Treating the fibre blanket with at least a flame retardant and/or a water repellent and/or a biocide,

   m) Treating the nonwoven with at least a flame retardant and/or a water repellent and/or a biocide and/or

   p) Treating this fibrous web with at least a flame retardant and/or a water repellent and/or a biocide.
4. Method according to claim 3, further comprising after step g) and before step k)

   i) Intermediate storage of the mixture obtained after step g) or h) and

   j) Discharging the mixture according to i) onto a conveyor belt, forming a fibre blanket.
5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising after step j) the steps of:

   l) Forming a nonwoven by means of at least one first fibrous web former and/or by means of at least one fibrous web spreader,

   n) optionally applying at least one, in particular particulate, binding agent to the nonwoven,

   o) Forming a fibrous web from the nonwoven according to step l) or n) by means of an aerodynamic fibrous web former,

   q) Applying water vapour to the fibrous web and/or

   r) Activating the binding agent by treating the fibrous web obtained in step o) or q) with heat for the purpose of thermobonding the binding agent and, optionally pressurizing the fibrous web simultaneously or with a time delay,

   s) Calendering the fibrous web obtained according to step q) or r),

   t) if heat treatment has taken place in step q), r) and/or s), cooling of the solidified fibrous web according to step q), r) and/or s) and, optionally pressurizing, and

   u) Separating the solidified fibrous web into fibrous nonwoven materials.
6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising after step j) the steps of:

   o) Forming a fibrous web from the nonwoven according to step m) by means of an aerodynamic fibrous web former,

   r) Activating the binding agent by treating the fibrous web obtained according to step p) with heat for the purpose of thermobonding the binding agent and, optionally, pressurizing the fibrous web simultaneously or with a time delay, and/or

   t) if heat treatment has taken place in step q), r) and/or s), cooling the solidified fibrous web according to step q, r) and/or s) and pressurizing.
7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the crop straw is at least partially pre-crushed, in particular shortened in length,

   the crop straw is wheat straw,

   the shives originate from the bast plant supplying the bast plant fibres,

   the bast plant fibres and shives are at least partially connected to each other,

   the at least one binding agent is a binding fibre and/or

   the mixing in step g) takes place in air flow.
8. Method according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterised in that

   the first fibrous web former is an aerodynamic fibrous web former comprising at least one needle roller or a tambour,

   in step I) the mixture is fed to the fibrous web former or fibrous web spreader by means of a first transport unit comprising at least one pair of rollers consisting of an upper and lower roller or an upper roller and a feed table,

   in step o), the nonwoven is fed to the second fibrous web former, in particular a tambour, by means of a second transport unit comprising at least one pair of rollers consisting of an upper and lower roller or comprising an upper roller and a feed table, and/or

   the second fibrous web former contains a tambour equipped with a sawtooth wire and/or a pin roller.
9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that

   the proportion of the crop straw is at or above 80% by weight and preferably at or above 90% by weight, said proportion of crop straw by weight being calculated on the basis of the total weight of crop straw and of crushed bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives, and/or in that

   the proportion of the crushed bast plant material is in the range from 4 to 10 % by weight, said proportion of the crushed bast plant material by weight being calculated on the basis of the total weight of crop straw and of crushed bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives, and/or that

   the crushed bast plant material comprises a fibre content in the range from 10 to 90 % by weight, in particular in the range from 20 to 60 % by weight and particularly preferaby in the range from 40 to 60 % by weight, and/or a shive content in the range from 10 to 60 % by weight, in particular in the range from 20 to 60 % by weight and particularly preferably in the range from 20 to 45 % by weight.
10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
    the crushed bast plant material containing plant fibres and shives mainly comprises plant fibres and/or shives with an average or absolute length in the range from 3 to 12 cm and preferably in the range from 4 to 10 cm and/or that the plant stems underlying the crushed bast plant material containing plant fibres and shives comprise an average or maximum thickness of up to 10 mm, preferably up to 6 mm and particularly preferably in the range from 3 mm to 5 mm.
11. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
    the crop straw has a residual moisture content in the range of 7 to 20 % by weight and particularly preferably in the range of 10 to 15 % by weight.
12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
    the binding fibres are thermoplastic mono- or multicomponent fibres, in particular bicomponent fibres.
13. A fibrous web material, in particular a fibrous web mat or fibrous web sheet, obtainable by the method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising crop straw in an amount of 70 % or more by weight, calculated on the basis of the total weight of crop straw and of crushed bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives, and crushed bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives, in particular from the bast plant providing the bast plant fibres, in an amount in the range from 2 to 20% by weight, said percentage by weight of the crushed bast plant material calculated on the basis of the total weight of crop straw and of crushed bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives and

    at least one binding agent and

    optionally at least a flame retardant, hydrophobising agent and/or biocide,

    wherein the crushed bast plant material containing plant fibres and shives mainly comprises plant fibres and/or shives having an average or absolute length in the range of 2 to 15 cm.
14. Fibrous material according to claim 13, characterised in that therein, the proportion of the crop straw is at or above 80 % by weight and particularly preferably at or above 90 % by weight, said proportion by weight of crop straw being calculated on the basis of the total weight of crop straw and of crushed bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives, and/or that the proportion of the crushed bast plant material is in the range from 4 to 10 % by weight, said proportion by weight of the crushed bast plant material being calculated on the basis of the total weight of crop straw and of crushed bast plant material containing bast plant fibres and shives, and/or that the proportion of the binding agent is in the range from 2 to 25 % by weight, preferably in the range from 5 to 20 % by weight and particularly preferably in the range from 10 to 15 % by weight, based on the total weight of the fibrous material produced, and/or that the crop straw comprises an average or absolute length in the range from 5 mm to 250 mm, preferably in the range from 10 to 200 mm and particularly preferably in the range from 20 mm to 120 mm.
15. Fibrous material according to claim 13 or 14, characterised in that the crop straw is wheat straw,
    the bast plant fibres and shives are at least partially connected together and/or the binding agent is a binding fibre.
16. Fibrous material according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterised in that it is an MDF board, a building insulation mat for thermal and sound insulation, a substrate for hydroponic systems or a furniture component.
17. Fibrous material according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterised in that it comprises a density in the range greater than or equal to 60 kg/m³, preferably greater than or equal to 100 kg/m³.
18. Use of the fibrous materials according to any one of claims 13 to 17 as or for the manufacture of MDF boards, building insulation mats for thermal and sound insulation, substrates for hydroponic systems or furniture components.