EP3428112A1 - Lifting device, in particular a mobile crane or a cable dredger, having a device for monitoring the alignment and depositing process of a boom system and corresponding method - Google Patents
Lifting device, in particular a mobile crane or a cable dredger, having a device for monitoring the alignment and depositing process of a boom system and corresponding method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3428112A1 EP3428112A1 EP18178564.3A EP18178564A EP3428112A1 EP 3428112 A1 EP3428112 A1 EP 3428112A1 EP 18178564 A EP18178564 A EP 18178564A EP 3428112 A1 EP3428112 A1 EP 3428112A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hoist
- holding force
- detecting
- limit
- boom system
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/88—Safety gear
- B66C23/90—Devices for indicating or limiting lifting moment
- B66C23/905—Devices for indicating or limiting lifting moment electrical
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/88—Safety gear
- B66C23/90—Devices for indicating or limiting lifting moment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
- B66C13/16—Applications of indicating, registering, or weighing devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
- B66C13/18—Control systems or devices
- B66C13/46—Position indicators for suspended loads or for crane elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
- B66D1/54—Safety gear
- B66D1/58—Safety gear responsive to excess of load
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F17/00—Safety devices, e.g. for limiting or indicating lifting force
- B66F17/006—Safety devices, e.g. for limiting or indicating lifting force for working platforms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C15/00—Safety gear
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
- B66C23/26—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail
- B66C23/34—Self-erecting cranes, i.e. with hoisting gear adapted for crane erection purposes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hoist, in particular a mobile crane or a crawler crane, with a device for monitoring the erection and depositing process of a boom system of the hoist.
- lifting equipment such as mobile cranes with a load capacity of at least 1000 kg or a tilting torque of at least 40,000 Nm according to product standard EN 13000 must be equipped with an overload safety device that prevents the hoist outside the specified in a load capacity table Limits for discharges, positions, loads and permissible rope forces is operated.
- the overload protection is based on precalculated load tables, which are created in advance on the crane design on external computers and transmitted to a controller of the hoist in tabular form. It is also known, the overload protection at runtime on the device in which the calculation takes place directly in the control of the hoist to execute, stored in the control of the hoist configuration files are processed or calculated accordingly.
- the overload protection can be bridged by means of a setup button and a corresponding set-up procedure can be carried out without a fuse.
- Erecting and depositing usually takes place on the basis of detailed process descriptions in the operating manual of the corresponding hoist.
- methods for monitoring crane safety during set-up operations such as, for example, during assembly or disassembly or for upgrading and depositing the boom system in mobile cranes and cable-operated excavators, are known from the prior art.
- the calculation of the limit values is based on a calculation on an external computer, which is transmitted to the control of the hoist in tabular form.
- a problem here is that when reaching limits, a shutdown of the movements of the hoist, which can only be canceled by a bypass switch. By activating the override, all monitoring is switched off and the crane driver must decide for himself which movement on the crane can lead to a safe condition.
- a hoist in particular a mobile crane or a crawler crane is provided with a device for monitoring the righting and depositing process, in particular a boom system of the hoist.
- the hoist comprises means for detecting the lifting torque of the hoist increasing loads, means for detecting the tilting torque of the hoist stabilizing or reducing loads, a control unit, which is adapted from the detected loads, a limit holding force for a support strand of the boom system of the Calculate lifting gear that corresponds to the maximum allowable load on the hook, and means for detecting the actual holding force of the support strand of the hoist, wherein the control unit is configured to compare the limit holding force and the actual holding force.
- all the tipping moment increasing loads such as a load on the hook
- the weight of the boom system and acting on the boom system and the load on the hook wind force can be compared with all loads that stabilize or reduce the stalling moment.
- the Grenzhaltekraft can be calculated, which corresponds to the maximum load on the hook.
- At least one signal can be output as a function of the comparison between the limit holding force and the actual holding force.
- the signal may be a representation of the current utilization in terms of allowable utilization for the operator on the monitor of the hoist, or a warning and / or control signal that allows it to respond appropriately in a timely manner when the actual holding force approaching the limit holding force and thereby the risk of tilting the hoist is displayed.
- the device for detecting the loads that increase the tipping moment detects the dead weight of the boom system of the hoist and the wind force on the boom system of the hoist.
- the term boom system may refer to the main boom and possibly other components of the hoist.
- the aforementioned devices for detecting the loads may be sensors and / or input means by means of which the corresponding loads can be detected or entered automatically or manually.
- the device for detecting the loads stabilizing or reducing the overturning moment detects the dead weight of a carrier device of the hoist.
- the aforementioned devices for detecting the loads may be sensors and / or input means by means of which the corresponding loads can be detected or entered automatically or manually.
- a sensor system for detecting the current geometry of the hoist is provided.
- an additional or alternative manual input of the corresponding geometry data via a corresponding device is also conceivable.
- the device for detecting the actual holding force of the holding strand comprises at least one force measuring tab and / or at least one force measuring axis.
- the signal is a signal for stopping a movement of the hoist. If the control unit of the hoist according to the invention determines that the limit holding force and the actual holding force are in an unfavorable relationship to each other, movement of the hoist can in particular be automatically stopped.
- control unit is adapted to calculate the maximum allowable load on the hook simultaneously for a range of positions of the Ausle-gersystems in addition to the current position of the boom system. By comparing the results, permissible directions of movement can be defined. An allowable direction of movement is given when the maximum allowable load on the hook increases in this direction of movement.
- control unit is set up not to stop a movement or direction of movement of the hoist or after a stop due to exceeding the Limit load selectively release permissible directions of movement of the hoist again.
- the method may include further features corresponding to at least one of the device features of claims 1 to 9 and is waived its repetition.
- FIG. 1 shows an overview of the forces acting on the hoist 1 forces the example of a crawler crane 1 with a main boom 2 and a rocker needle.
- the arrow 31 designates the own weight of the rocking needle 3, the arrow 32 the wind force acting on the load L, the arrow 21 the dead weight of the main boom 2, the arrow 22 the wind force acting on the boom system consisting of main boom 2 and optional jib 3 and the arrow
- the unmarked arrows indicate the respective distances of the forces and / or center of gravity of the components with respect to a tilting edge and / or on the Auslegeranschddling 12 at. Based on the distances and the forces, the moments can be detected or calculated relative to the jib attachment point 12.
- the loads that increase the tipping moment counterclockwise and the loads stabilizing the tipping moment act clockwise with respect to the jib attachment point 12.
- the limit holding force FGrenz represents the maximum permissible force in the holding strand that may be reached during the erection or depositing operation, without the hoist tipping over. It corresponds to 100% of the permissible utilization taking into account the requirements of applicable standards regarding stability.
- the calculation of the maximum load L on the hook and the limit force F limit can advantageously be made directly online on the control computer of the crane respectively.
- the actual geometry of the machine (boom angle, angle of rotation) required for a calculation carried out on the control can be permanently recorded on the machine by means of corresponding sensors (tilt transmitter, rotary encoder) or entered manually into the control computer.
- the maximum allowable load L on the hook and the limit force FGrenz can be calculated offline via an external computer.
- the limit force FGrenz must in this case be transferred to the controller for each boom position.
- the current geometry of the machine (boom angle, rotation angle) can be permanently measured by appropriate sensors on the machine.
- the actual actual force F in the support strand is measured by appropriate sensors (force measuring links or force measuring axes) on the machine and compared by the control computer on the machine with the calculated actual limit holding force FGrenz and advantageously presented as current utilization in terms of allowable utilization to the operator on the monitor.
- control unit will be able to stop those movements of the boom system that result in a further increase in utilization and congestion.
- the direction of movement or movement to be stopped or released is determined as follows: the control unit calculates the maximum allowable load on the hook simultaneously for a range of positions in addition to the current position of the boom system. By comparing the results, permissible directions of movement are defined. A permissible direction of movement is given when the maximum permissible load on the hook increases in this direction of movement.
- the calculation of the bandwidth in addition to the current position can advantageously be done online on the control computer of the machine or alternatively offline on an external computer.
- the movement directions to be released must in this case be transferred to the controller for each boom position.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Jib Cranes (AREA)
Abstract
Hebezeug, insbesondere einen Mobilkran oder einen Seilbagger, mit einer Vorrichtung zur Überwachung des Aufricht- und Ablegevorganges eines Hauptauslegers des Hebezeugs.Hoist, in particular a mobile crane or a crawler crane, with a device for monitoring the erection and depositing process of a main boom of the hoist.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Hebezeug, insbesondere einen Mobilkran oder einen Seilbagger, mit einer Vorrichtung zur Überwachung des Aufricht- und Ablegevorganges eines Auslegersystems des Hebezeugs.The invention relates to a hoist, in particular a mobile crane or a crawler crane, with a device for monitoring the erection and depositing process of a boom system of the hoist.
Aus dem Stand der Technik ist es bekannt, dass Hebezeuge wie Mobilkrane mit einer Tragfähigkeit von mindestens 1000 kg oder einem Kippmoment von mindestens 40.000 Nm gemäß Produktnorm EN 13000 mit einer Überlastsicherung ausgestattet sein müssen, die verhindert, dass das Hebezeug außerhalb der in einer Tragfähigkeitstabelle angegebenen Grenzen für Ausladungen, Stellungen, Lasten und zulässigen Seilkräften betrieben wird.It is known from the prior art that lifting equipment such as mobile cranes with a load capacity of at least 1000 kg or a tilting torque of at least 40,000 Nm according to product standard EN 13000 must be equipped with an overload safety device that prevents the hoist outside the specified in a load capacity table Limits for discharges, positions, loads and permissible rope forces is operated.
Üblicherweise basiert die Überlastsicherung auf vorberechneten Traglasttabellen, die im Vorfeld bei der Kranauslegung auf externen Rechnern erstellt und einer Steuerung des Hebezeugs in Tabellenform übertragen werden. Es ist auch bekannt, die Überlastsicherung zur Laufzeit am Gerät , bei welcher die Berechnung direkt in der Steuerung des Hebezeugs erfolgt, auszuführen, wobei in der Steuerung des Hebezeugs hinterlegte Konfigurationsdateien entsprechend verarbeitet bzw. berechnet werden.Usually, the overload protection is based on precalculated load tables, which are created in advance on the crane design on external computers and transmitted to a controller of the hoist in tabular form. It is also known, the overload protection at runtime on the device in which the calculation takes place directly in the control of the hoist to execute, stored in the control of the hoist configuration files are processed or calculated accordingly.
Bei Montage-/Demontagevorgängen bzw. bei Aufricht- und Ablegevorgängen, bei denen keine von einem Hersteller des Hebezeugs vorgegebene Traglasttabelle vorhanden ist, kann die Überlastsicherung mittels eines Rüsttasters überbrückt werden und ein entsprechender Rüstvorgang ohne Sicherung durchgeführt werden.During assembly / disassembly operations or when erecting and depositing operations where there is no load capacity table specified by a manufacturer of the hoist, the overload protection can be bridged by means of a setup button and a corresponding set-up procedure can be carried out without a fuse.
Gemäß der Produktnorm EN 474-12 müssen Seilbagger im Hebezeugeinsatz einen Lastmomentbegrenzer zur Vermeidung von Überlastung des Seilbaggers aufweisen. Eine Begrenzung der Überlast während des Aufricht- oder Ablegevorganges eines Auslegersystems ist dagegen nicht vorgesehen.According to the product standard EN 474-12, cable excavators in hoisting gear must have a load moment limiter to avoid overloading the rope excavator. A limitation of the overload during the erection or storage process of a boom system, however, is not provided.
Das Aufrichten und Ablegen erfolgt in der Regel auf Basis von detaillierten Ablaufbeschreibungen in der Betriebsanleitung des entsprechenden Hebezeugs. Aus dem Stand der Technik sind des Weiteren Verfahren zur Überwachung der Kransicherheit während Rüstvorgängen wie beispielsweise bei der Montage oder Demontage oder dem Aufrüsten und Ablegen des Auslegersystems bei Mobilkranen und Seilbaggern bekannt. Auch hier erfolgt die Berechnung der Grenzwerte auf Basis einer einer Berechnung auf einem externen Rechner, die der Steuerung des Hebezeugs in Tabellenform übertragen wird.Erecting and depositing usually takes place on the basis of detailed process descriptions in the operating manual of the corresponding hoist. Furthermore, methods for monitoring crane safety during set-up operations, such as, for example, during assembly or disassembly or for upgrading and depositing the boom system in mobile cranes and cable-operated excavators, are known from the prior art. Here, too, the calculation of the limit values is based on a calculation on an external computer, which is transmitted to the control of the hoist in tabular form.
Ein Problem besteht hierbei darin, dass bei Erreichen von Grenzwerten eine Abschaltung der Bewegungen des Hebezeugs erfolgt, die nur durch einen Überbrückungsschalter aufgehoben werden kann. Durch Betätigung der Überbrückung ist jegliche Überwachung ausgeschaltet und der Kranfahrer muss selbst entscheiden, welche Bewegung am Kran zu einem sicheren Zustand führen kann.A problem here is that when reaching limits, a shutdown of the movements of the hoist, which can only be canceled by a bypass switch. By activating the override, all monitoring is switched off and the crane driver must decide for himself which movement on the crane can lead to a safe condition.
Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung ein verbessertes Hebezeug bereitzustellen, bei dem insbesondere eine verbesserte und kontinuierliche Überwachung eines Auslegersystems des Hebezeugs bei Aufricht- und Ablegevorgängen ermöglicht ist.Against this background, it is an object of the invention to provide an improved hoist, in particular an improved and continuous monitoring a boom system of the hoist during erection and depositing operations is possible.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Hebezeug mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved by a hoist with the features of
Demnach ist ein Hebezeug, insbesondere ein Mobilkran oder ein Seilbagger vorgesehen, mit einer Vorrichtung zur Überwachung des Aufricht- und Ablegevorganges insbesondere eines Auslegersystems des Hebezeugs.Accordingly, a hoist, in particular a mobile crane or a crawler crane is provided with a device for monitoring the righting and depositing process, in particular a boom system of the hoist.
Das Hebezeug umfasst eine Einrichtung zum Erfassen der das Kippmoment des Hebezeugs erhöhenden Lasten, eine Einrichtung zum Erfassen der das Kippmoment des Hebezeugs stabilisierenden bzw. verringernden Lasten, eine Steuereinheit, die dazu eingerichtet ist, aus den erfassten Lasten eine Grenzhaltekraft für einen Haltestrang des Auslegersystems des Hebezeugs zu errechnen, die der maximal zulässigen Last am Haken entspricht, und eine Einrichtung zum Erfassen der tatsächlichen Haltekraft des Haltestrangs des Hebezeugs, wobei die Steuereinheit dazu eingerichtet ist, die Grenzhaltekraft und die tatsächliche Haltekraft zu vergleichen.The hoist comprises means for detecting the lifting torque of the hoist increasing loads, means for detecting the tilting torque of the hoist stabilizing or reducing loads, a control unit, which is adapted from the detected loads, a limit holding force for a support strand of the boom system of the Calculate lifting gear that corresponds to the maximum allowable load on the hook, and means for detecting the actual holding force of the support strand of the hoist, wherein the control unit is configured to compare the limit holding force and the actual holding force.
Erfindungsgemäß können demnach alle das Kippmoment erhöhenden Lasten wie beispielsweise eine Last am Haken das Eigengewicht des Auslegersystems und die auf das Auslegersystem und auf die Last am Haken wirkende Windkraft mit allen Lasten verglichen werden, die das Kippmoment stabilisieren bzw. verringern. Hierzu gehört insbesondere das Eigengewicht eines Trägergeräts des Hebezeugs.According to the invention, therefore, all the tipping moment increasing loads such as a load on the hook, the weight of the boom system and acting on the boom system and the load on the hook wind force can be compared with all loads that stabilize or reduce the stalling moment. This includes in particular the weight of a carrier device of the hoist.
Bei dieser Gegenüberstellung können entsprechende Kippsicherheitsberechnungsvorgaben der jeweiligen Standards bzw. Normen wie z.B. EN 13000 berücksichtigt werden und es kann für den äußersten Lastpunkt eine maximal zulässige Last am Haken so errechnet werden, dass bezogen auf die gegebene Kippkante das stabilisierende Moment mit dem Kippmoment in Gleichgewicht steht.In this comparison, corresponding overturning safety calculation specifications of the respective standards or standards such as EN 13000 can be taken into account and it can be calculated for the outermost load point a maximum load on the hook so that based on the given tilting edge, the stabilizing moment is in equilibrium with the overturning moment ,
Für den Haltestrang des Auslegersystems der ein oder mehrerer Halteseile und/oder Haltestangen umfassen kann, kann die Grenzhaltekraft-errechnet werden, die der maximal zulässigen Last am Haken entspricht.For the boom of the boom system may include one or more tethers and / or handrails, the Grenzhaltekraft can be calculated, which corresponds to the maximum load on the hook.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung ist denkbar, dass in Abhängigkeit von dem Vergleich zwischen der Grenzhaltekraft und der tatsächlichen Haltekraft wenigstens ein Signal ausgebbar ist. Bei dem Signal kann es sich um eine Darstellung der aktuellen Ausnutzung in Bezug auf die zulässige Ausnutzung für den Maschinenführer am Monitor des Hebezeugs oder um ein Warn- und/oder ein Steuersignal handeln, das es ermöglicht, entsprechend rechtzeitig zu reagieren, wenn die tatsächliche Haltekraft sich der Grenzhaltekraft nähert und dadurch die Gefahr des Kippens des Hebezeugs angezeigt wird.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is conceivable that at least one signal can be output as a function of the comparison between the limit holding force and the actual holding force. The signal may be a representation of the current utilization in terms of allowable utilization for the operator on the monitor of the hoist, or a warning and / or control signal that allows it to respond appropriately in a timely manner when the actual holding force approaching the limit holding force and thereby the risk of tilting the hoist is displayed.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung ist denkbar, dass die Einrichtung zum Erfassen der das Kippmoment erhöhenden Lasten das Eigengewicht des Auslegersystems des Hebezeugs und die Windkraft auf das Auslegersystem des Hebezeugs erfasst. Mit dem Begriff des Auslegersystems können der Hauptausleger und ggf. weitere Komponenten des Hebezeugs gemeint sein. Bei den genannten Einrichtungen zur Erfassung der Lasten kann es sich um Sen-soren und/oder um Eingabemittel handeln, mittels der die entsprechenden Lasten automatisch oder manuell erfasst bzw. eingegeben werden können.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is conceivable that the device for detecting the loads that increase the tipping moment detects the dead weight of the boom system of the hoist and the wind force on the boom system of the hoist. The term boom system may refer to the main boom and possibly other components of the hoist. The aforementioned devices for detecting the loads may be sensors and / or input means by means of which the corresponding loads can be detected or entered automatically or manually.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführung ist denkbar, dass die Einrichtung zum Erfassen der das Kippmoment stabilisierenden bzw. verringernden Lasten das Eigengewicht eines Trägergeräts des Hebezeugs erfasst. Bei den genannten Einrichtungen zur Erfassung der Lasten kann es sich um Sensoren und/oder um Eingabemittel handeln, mittels der die entsprechenden Lasten automatisch oder manuell erfasst bzw. eingegeben werden können.In a further preferred embodiment, it is conceivable that the device for detecting the loads stabilizing or reducing the overturning moment detects the dead weight of a carrier device of the hoist. The aforementioned devices for detecting the loads may be sensors and / or input means by means of which the corresponding loads can be detected or entered automatically or manually.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführung ist denkbar, dass eine Sensorik zum Erfassen der aktuellen Geometrie des Hebezeugs vorgesehen ist. Hierbei können entsprechende Winkel- oder Neigungsmesser oder sonstige Sensoren dazu ausgebildet sein, die Winkelstellungen oder Längen von Komponenten des Hebezeugs wie insbesondere des Haltestrangs und/oder des Auslegersystems zu erfassen. Denkbar ist auch eine zusätzliche oder alternative manuelle Eingabe der entsprechenden Geometriedaten über eine entsprechende Einrichtung.In a further preferred embodiment, it is conceivable that a sensor system for detecting the current geometry of the hoist is provided. Here you can corresponding angle or inclinometer or other sensors to be designed to detect the angular positions or lengths of components of the hoist such as in particular the support strand and / or the boom system. Also conceivable is an additional or alternative manual input of the corresponding geometry data via a corresponding device.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführung ist denkbar, dass die Berechnung der Grenzhaltekraft an einem externen Rechner erfolgt und die Grenzwerte der Steuereinheit des Hebezeugs übertragen werden.In a further preferred embodiment, it is conceivable that the calculation of the limit holding force is performed on an external computer and the limit values of the control unit of the hoist are transmitted.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführung ist denkbar, dass die Einrichtung zum Erfassen der tatsächlichen Haltekraft des Haltestranges wenigstens eine Kraftmesslasche und/oder wenigstens eine Kraftmessachseumfasst.In a further preferred embodiment, it is conceivable that the device for detecting the actual holding force of the holding strand comprises at least one force measuring tab and / or at least one force measuring axis.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführung ist denkbar, dass das Signal ein Signal zum Stoppen einer Bewegung des Hebezeugs ist. Stellt die Steuereinheit des erfindungsgemäßen Hebezeugs fest, dass die Grenzhaltekraft und die tatsächliche Haltekraft in einem ungünstigen Verhältnis zueinander stehen, so kann eine Bewegung des Hebezeugs insbesondere automatisch angehalten werden.In a further preferred embodiment, it is conceivable that the signal is a signal for stopping a movement of the hoist. If the control unit of the hoist according to the invention determines that the limit holding force and the actual holding force are in an unfavorable relationship to each other, movement of the hoist can in particular be automatically stopped.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführung ist denkbar, dass die Steuereinheit dazu eingerichtet ist, die maximal zulässige Last am Haken gleichzeitig für eine Bandbreite von Stellungen des Ausle-gersystems zusätzlich zur aktuellen Stellung des Auslegersystems zu berechnen. Durch Vergleich der Ergebnisse können zulässige Bewegungsrichtungen definiert werden. Eine zulässige Bewe-gungsrichtung ist dann gegeben, wenn sich die maximal zulässige Last am Haken bei dieser Bewegungsrichtung vergrößert.In a further preferred embodiment, it is conceivable that the control unit is adapted to calculate the maximum allowable load on the hook simultaneously for a range of positions of the Ausle-gersystems in addition to the current position of the boom system. By comparing the results, permissible directions of movement can be defined. An allowable direction of movement is given when the maximum allowable load on the hook increases in this direction of movement.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführung kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Steuereinheit dazu eingerichtet ist, eine Bewegung bzw. Bewegungsrichtung des Hebezeugs nicht zu stoppen bzw. nach einem Stopp aufgrund Überschreitung der Grenzlast selektiv zulässige Bewegungsrichtungen des Hebezeugs wieder freizugeben.In a further preferred embodiment it can be provided that the control unit is set up not to stop a movement or direction of movement of the hoist or after a stop due to exceeding the Limit load selectively release permissible directions of movement of the hoist again.
Die Erfindung ist ferner auf ein Verfahren zur Überwachung des Aufricht- und Ablegevorganges insbesondere eines Auslegersystems eines Hebezeugs, wie eines Mobilkrans oder eines Seilbaggers, nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 gerichtet. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren umfasst die Schritte:
- Erfassen der das Kippmoment des Hebezeugs erhöhenden Lasten,
- Erfassen der das Kippmoment des Hebezeugs stabilisierenden bzw. verringernden Lasten,
- Errechnen einer Grenzhaltekraft für einen Haltestrang des Auslegersystems des Hebezeugs aus den erfassten Lasten mittels einer Steuereinheit oder eines externen Rechners,
- Erfassen der tatsächlichen Haltekraft des Haltestrangs,
- Vergleichen der Grenzhaltekraft und der tatsächliche Haltekraft mittels der Steuereinheit.
- Detecting the loads that increase the tipping moment of the hoist,
- Detecting the loads that stabilize or reduce the tipping moment of the hoist,
- Calculating a limit holding force for a support string of the boom system of the hoist from the detected loads by means of a control unit or an external computer,
- Detecting the actual holding force of the holding strand,
- Compare the limit holding force and the actual holding force by means of the control unit.
Das Verfahren kann weitere Merkmale umfassen, die wenigstens einem der Vorrichtungsmerkmale der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 entsprechen und auf deren Wiederholung verzichtet wird.The method may include further features corresponding to at least one of the device features of
Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung sind anhand der in der Figur beispielhaft gezeigten Ausführung erläutert.Further details and advantages of the invention are explained with reference to the embodiment shown by way of example in the figure.
Die einzelne
Der Pfeil 31 bezeichnet das Eigengewicht der Wippnadel 3, der Pfeil 32 die auf die Last L wirkende Windkraft, der Pfeil 21 das Eigengewicht des Hauptauslegers 2, der Pfeil 22 die auf das Auslegersystem bestehend aus Hauptausleger 2 und optionalem Nadelausleger 3 wirkende Windkraft und der Pfeil 11 das Eigengewicht des Trägergeräts bzw. des Hebezeugs 1. Die nicht bezeichneten Pfeile geben die jeweiligen Entfernungen der Kräfte und/oder Masseschwerpunkte der Komponenten bezogen auf eine Kippkante und/oder auf den Auslegeranlenkpunkt 12 an. Anhand der Entfernungen und der Kräfte können die Momente bezogen auf den Auslegeranlenkpunkt 12 erfasst bzw. berechnet werden.The
Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur wirken die das Kippmoment erhöhenden Lasten gegen den Uhrzeigersinn und die das Kippmoment stabilisierenden Lasten im Uhrzeigersinn bezogen auf den Auslegeranlenkpunkt 12.In the exemplary embodiment of the figure, the loads that increase the tipping moment counterclockwise and the loads stabilizing the tipping moment act clockwise with respect to the
Die Grenzhaltekraft FGrenz stellt die maximal zulässige Kraft im Haltestrang dar, die während des Aufricht- oder Ablegevorganges erreicht werden darf, ohne dass es zu einem Umkippen des Hebezeugs kommt. Sie entspricht 100% der zulässigen Ausnutzung unter Berücksichtigung der Vorgaben durch zutreffende Normen bezüglich Standsicherheit.The limit holding force FGrenz represents the maximum permissible force in the holding strand that may be reached during the erection or depositing operation, without the hoist tipping over. It corresponds to 100% of the permissible utilization taking into account the requirements of applicable standards regarding stability.
Sind die einzelnen Schwerpunkte und Windflächen, insbesondere des Nadelauslegers 3, des Hauptauslegers 2 sowie die entsprechenden Lastangriffspunkte für die gegebene Krankonfiguration der Steuerung bekannt, so kann die Berechnung der maximal zulässigen Last L am Haken sowie der Grenzkraft FGrenz vorteilhaft direkt auf dem Steuerrechner des Krans online erfolgen.If the individual centers of gravity and wind areas, in particular of the
Die für eine auf der Steuerung durchgeführten Berechnung erforderliche aktuelle Geometrie der Maschine (Auslegerwinkel, Drehwinkel) kann permanent durch entsprechende Sensorik (Neigungsgeber, Drehwinkelgeber) auf der Maschine erfasst werden oder manuell in den Steuerrechner eingegeben werden.The actual geometry of the machine (boom angle, angle of rotation) required for a calculation carried out on the control can be permanently recorded on the machine by means of corresponding sensors (tilt transmitter, rotary encoder) or entered manually into the control computer.
Alternativ kann die Berechnung der maximal zulässigen Last L am Haken sowie der Grenzkraft FGrenz offline über einen externen Rechner erfolgen. Die Grenzkraft FGrenz muss in diesem Fall der Steuerung für jede Auslegerstellung übergeben werden. Auch in diesem Fall kann die aktuelle Geometrie der Maschine (Auslegerwinkel, Drehwinkel) permanent durch entsprechende Sensorik auf der Maschine gemessen werden.Alternatively, the maximum allowable load L on the hook and the limit force FGrenz can be calculated offline via an external computer. The limit force FGrenz must in this case be transferred to the controller for each boom position. Also in this case, the current geometry of the machine (boom angle, rotation angle) can be permanently measured by appropriate sensors on the machine.
Die tatsächliche aktuelle Kraft F im Haltestrang wird durch entsprechende Sensorik (Kraftmesslaschen oder Kraftmessachsen) auf der Maschine gemessen und vom Steuerrechner auf der Maschine mit der errechneten aktuellen Grenzhaltekraft FGrenz verglichen und vorteilhaft als aktuelle Ausnutzung in Bezug auf die zulässige Ausnutzung dem Maschinenführer am Monitor dargestellt.The actual actual force F in the support strand is measured by appropriate sensors (force measuring links or force measuring axes) on the machine and compared by the control computer on the machine with the calculated actual limit holding force FGrenz and advantageously presented as current utilization in terms of allowable utilization to the operator on the monitor.
Wenn festgestellt wird, dass die aktuelle Kraft F > FGrenz wird oder werden könnte, d.h. die Ausnutzung >100% wird, können durch die Steuereinheit jene Bewegungen des Auslegersystems, die zu einer weiteren Steigerung der Ausnützung und somit zur Überlastung führen, gestoppt werden.If it is determined that the actual force F becomes or may become F, i. utilization> 100%, the control unit will be able to stop those movements of the boom system that result in a further increase in utilization and congestion.
Die Bewegungsrichtung bzw. Bewegung, die gestoppt oder freigegeben werden soll, wird wie folgt ermittelt:
die Steuereinheit berechnet die maximal zulässige Last am Haken gleichzeitig für eine Bandbreite von Stellungen zusätzlich zur aktuellen Stellung des Auslegersystems. Durch Vergleich der Er-gebnisse werden zulässige Bewegungsrichtungen definiert werden. Eine zulässige Bewegungs-richtung ist dann gegeben, wenn sich die maximal zulässige Last am Haken bei dieser Bewe-gungsrichtung vergrößert.The direction of movement or movement to be stopped or released is determined as follows:
the control unit calculates the maximum allowable load on the hook simultaneously for a range of positions in addition to the current position of the boom system. By comparing the results, permissible directions of movement are defined. A permissible direction of movement is given when the maximum permissible load on the hook increases in this direction of movement.
Nach einem Stopp aufgrund Überschreitung der Grenzlast werden zulässige Bewegungsrichtungen des Hebezeugs selektiv durch die Steuereinheit wieder freigegeben.After a stop due to exceeding the limit load permissible directions of movement of the hoist are selectively enabled by the control unit again.
Die Berechnung der Bandbreite zusätzlich zur aktuellen Stellung kann vorteilhaft online auf dem Steuerrechner der Maschine oder alternativ offline auf einem externen Rechner erfolgen. Die freizugebenen Bewegungsrichtungen müssen in diesem Fall der Steuerung für jede Auslegerstellung übergeben werden.The calculation of the bandwidth in addition to the current position can advantageously be done online on the control computer of the machine or alternatively offline on an external computer. The movement directions to be released must in this case be transferred to the controller for each boom position.
Claims (10)
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DE102017113386.0A DE102017113386A1 (en) | 2017-06-19 | 2017-06-19 | Lifting equipment, in particular a mobile crane or a crawler crane, with a device for monitoring the erection and depositing process of a boom system and corresponding method |
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EP3428112A1 true EP3428112A1 (en) | 2019-01-16 |
EP3428112B1 EP3428112B1 (en) | 2024-01-24 |
EP3428112C0 EP3428112C0 (en) | 2024-01-24 |
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EP18178564.3A Active EP3428112B1 (en) | 2017-06-19 | 2018-06-19 | Lifting device, in particular a mobile crane or a cable dredger, having a device for monitoring the alignment and depositing process of a boom system and corresponding method |
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US (1) | US10850953B2 (en) |
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Cited By (3)
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WO2022167589A1 (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2022-08-11 | Liebherr-Werk Biberach Gmbh | Crane |
EP4059878A1 (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2022-09-21 | Liebherr-Werk Nenzing GmbH | Hoist with a device for supporting or fully automatically performing a raising and / or depositing operation of a boom system and corresponding method |
US12084319B2 (en) | 2019-04-03 | 2024-09-10 | Liebherr-Werk Biberach Gmbh | Method and device for controlling a materials handling and/or construction machine |
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DE102011107754A1 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2012-12-13 | Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh | Method for monitoring crane safety during set-up, as well as crane and crane control |
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DE102014012422B4 (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2023-02-09 | Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh | Automatic erection of a crane |
DE202015001023U1 (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2016-05-10 | Liebherr-Components Biberach Gmbh | crane |
DE202015001024U1 (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2016-05-10 | Liebherr-Werk Biberach Gmbh | Crane with monitoring device for monitoring the overload protection |
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2017
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DE102011107754A1 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2012-12-13 | Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh | Method for monitoring crane safety during set-up, as well as crane and crane control |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US12084319B2 (en) | 2019-04-03 | 2024-09-10 | Liebherr-Werk Biberach Gmbh | Method and device for controlling a materials handling and/or construction machine |
WO2022167589A1 (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2022-08-11 | Liebherr-Werk Biberach Gmbh | Crane |
EP4059878A1 (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2022-09-21 | Liebherr-Werk Nenzing GmbH | Hoist with a device for supporting or fully automatically performing a raising and / or depositing operation of a boom system and corresponding method |
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EP3428112B1 (en) | 2024-01-24 |
US20190185298A1 (en) | 2019-06-20 |
DE102017113386A1 (en) | 2018-12-20 |
US10850953B2 (en) | 2020-12-01 |
EP3428112C0 (en) | 2024-01-24 |
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