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EP3365943B1 - Antennenvorrichtung für erfassungshilfe und entsprechendes antennensystem zur überwachung eines sich bewegenden ziels - Google Patents

Antennenvorrichtung für erfassungshilfe und entsprechendes antennensystem zur überwachung eines sich bewegenden ziels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3365943B1
EP3365943B1 EP16784538.7A EP16784538A EP3365943B1 EP 3365943 B1 EP3365943 B1 EP 3365943B1 EP 16784538 A EP16784538 A EP 16784538A EP 3365943 B1 EP3365943 B1 EP 3365943B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lens
antenna
source
main
acquisition aid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16784538.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3365943A1 (de
Inventor
Pascal Cousin
Christophe MELLE
Alain KARAS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Data Systems SAS
Original Assignee
Zodiac Data Systems SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Zodiac Data Systems SAS filed Critical Zodiac Data Systems SAS
Publication of EP3365943A1 publication Critical patent/EP3365943A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/125—Means for positioning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/002—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing at least two patterns of different beamwidth; Variable beamwidth antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H01Q5/28—Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an acquisition aid antenna device as well as an antenna system for tracking a moving target including such an acquisition aid device.
  • the invention applies to monitoring stations, tracking, for telemetry and flight tests of vehicles or aircraft (planes, missiles, drones ...) or in the space field such as receiving data from scientific and observation payloads (satellites traveling in low orbit), orbit control during the launch phase for all types of satellites (LEO, MEO, GEO), both for ground and on-board antenna systems on warships or civil ships, air defense systems, monopulse and multi-band radar systems.
  • the main antenna is particularly directive with a fine transmitting beam, having an opening angle of a few degrees. Given the fineness of its beam, it is difficult to point the main antenna towards the target, especially when the latter is moving rapidly.
  • Acquisition aid antennas in English, "Acquisition Aid Antenna" are auxiliary antennas intended to be fixed to main antennas in a telemetry station.
  • This acquisition aid antenna is generally integral with the main antenna and has a lobe significantly wider than that of the main antenna (between 15 and 30 °, or up to 20 times that of the main antenna. ).
  • the role of the acquisition aid antenna is to facilitate rapid acquisition and to ensure tracking at short distances. Once the main antenna is correctly oriented and the level of the signal received from the target is sufficient to allow reception by the antenna main, the signal is switched to the main antenna, without loss of tracking when the target is at a good distance.
  • the acquisition aid antenna is also used to recover telemetry data in the event of loss of signal by the main antenna.
  • the acquisition aid antenna makes it possible in particular to continue chasing a moving target (drone, plane or missile for example) when the target is close or is moving rapidly.
  • Switching from the main antenna to the acquisition aid antenna can also be done as a preventive measure when the proximity of the target is likely to cause saturation of the radio frequency equipment.
  • Aid acquisition antennas comprising an antenna source and a small diameter parabolic reflector, the antenna source being disposed at the focus of the reflector.
  • a disadvantage of this type of antenna is that, the reflector being of small diameter, the antenna source masks a large part of the reflector. This has the consequence that the acquisition aid antenna has poor performance and a poor reception diagram (having secondary lobes of high amplitude).
  • acquisition aid antennas comprising a planar array of radiating elements.
  • the bandwidth of the network is limited, which can lead to the use of several networks in parallel to obtain multi-band reception, and impacts the cost and the congestion of the aid antenna. acquisition.
  • the document US 2010/013726 describes an antenna comprising three stacked antenna units, each unit comprising a cylindrical polytetrafluoroethylene lens and an array of ports located on the focal surface of the lens.
  • the acquisition aid antenna comprises a source, a sub-reflector and a reflector forming a Cassegrain assembly and is positioned near an edge of the reflector of the main antenna.
  • An object of the invention is to propose an antenna system including an acquisition aid antenna, which has a reduced bulk and good performance in terms of yield and quality of the radiation diagram.
  • the proposed acquisition aid antenna device makes it possible to concentrate the radiation of the target on the antenna source while having a reduced bulk.
  • the diameter of the device can be of the order of 1.5 to 5 wavelengths, which enables the acquisition aid antenna device to be placed on the side of the larger main antenna device. diameter.
  • the use of a lens placed in the main reception lobe of the acquisition aid antenna source makes it possible to adjust the opening angle of the acquisition aid antenna device, and provides good performance while having a reduced footprint.
  • the proposed system makes it possible in particular to use a source of acquisition aid antenna identical to that used for the main antenna device.
  • the antenna system 1 represented comprises a main antenna device 2 and an associated auxiliary antenna device 3.
  • the main antenna device 2 comprises a main antenna source 4 and a parabolic reflector 5.
  • the main antenna source 4 is positioned at the focus of the parabolic reflector 5.
  • the antenna source main 4 is held in this position by a support 6 allowing the main antenna source 4 to be fixed on the parabolic reflector 5.
  • the main antenna source 4 can be a multiband source, for example a multiband source as described in the document. FR 3 007 215 . Such a source is suitable for transmitting and / or receiving telemetry signals selectively in each of the frequency bands L (1 GHz to 2 GHz), S (2 GHz to 4 GHz) and C (4 GHz to 8 GHz).
  • the main antenna source 4 is able to illuminate the parabolic reflector 5 with an opening angle at -10 dB at about 70 degrees around the main receiving axis X1 of the source 4.
  • the source of main antenna 4 illuminates substantially the entire reflecting surface of the parabolic reflector 5.
  • the parabolic reflector 5 is capable of reflecting radiation emitted by a target towards the source 4 with an opening angle at -10dB ⁇ of between 2 and 8 degrees.
  • the auxiliary antenna device 3 (called “acquisition aid antenna device”) is arranged next to the main antenna device 2.
  • the acquisition aid antenna device 3 is mounted fixed on the main antenna device 2. Thus, when tracking a moving target, the two devices 2 and 3 are driven together, in an identical movement.
  • the acquisition aid antenna device 3 comprises an acquisition aid antenna source 7, a lens support 8 and a lens 9.
  • the antenna system 1 also comprises a support arm 10 connecting the acquisition aid antenna device 3 to the main antenna device 2.
  • the support arm 10 is fixed on the one hand to the parabolic reflector 5 of the main antenna device 2 and on the other hand to the casing of the acquisition aid antenna source 7.
  • the support arm 10 holds the acquisition aid antenna device 3 in a fixed position relative to the main antenna device 2.
  • the acquisition antenna source 7 is identical to the main antenna source 4.
  • the acquisition aid source has the same characteristics of frequency bands, polarization and diagrams (sum and difference) as the main antenna source.
  • the acquisition aid antenna source can be used temporarily as the main antenna source.
  • the acquisition aid antenna device is illustrated more precisely on the figure 3 .
  • the acquisition aid antenna source 7 has a main reception axis X2, parallel to the main reception axis X1 of the main antenna source.
  • the acquisition aid antenna source 7 comprises a plurality of radiating assemblies 11 to 16 suitable for generating radiation respectively in the frequency bands C, S and L.
  • Each radiating assembly 11 to 16 is suitable for receiving radiation according to a first reception diagram having a main reception lobe oriented along the main reception axis X2.
  • the main reception lobe has an opening angle ⁇ .
  • opening angle ⁇ we mean the opening angle of the acquisition aid antenna source 7 only, without the lens 9.
  • the opening angle ⁇ is about 130 degrees to - 10dB.
  • the lens 9 is positioned on the main axis of reception X2 of the acquisition aid antenna source 7, the optical axis of the lens 9 being coincident with the main axis of reception of the source 7.
  • the lens 9 is arranged with respect to the acquisition aid antenna source 7 so that the source receives all of the radiation transmitted by the lens.
  • the lens 9 is a converging lens having a first convex surface 17 (also called “interior surface”) and a second convex surface 18 (also called “exterior surface”), opposite the first convex surface 17.
  • the first convex surface 17 is directed towards the source 7.
  • the second convex surface 18 is directed towards a target to be detected.
  • the lens 9 is configured to concentrate the radiation emitted by the target towards the acquisition aid antenna source 7, so as to obtain a reception diagram of the acquisition aid antenna device having a main reception lobe with an opening angle ⁇ less than the opening angle ⁇ .
  • the lens 9 is dimensioned to reduce the opening angle of the main lobe with a quotient ⁇ / ⁇ between 1 / 6.5 and 1 / 3.25.
  • the angle ⁇ is thus between 20 and 40 degrees at -10 dB (depending on the frequency band considered).
  • the lens support 8 makes it possible to mount the lens 9 fixed relative to the acquisition aid antenna source 7.
  • the lens support 8 has a generally tubular shape.
  • the lens support 8 comprises a wall 19 of generally cylindrical shape of revolution defining a first opening 21 and a second opening 22.
  • the lens support 8 is fixed on the one hand to the acquisition aid source 7, the source extending through the first opening 21, and on the other hand to the lens 9, lens 9 obstructing the second opening 22.
  • the lens 9 has a point focus.
  • the set radiating in the lowest frequency range (in this case, the set 12 radiating in the L band) has its phase center located at the focal point of the lens 9.
  • the radiating sets in the others frequency ranges (in this case, the sets 14 and 16 radiating in the bands S and C) have phase centers located on the optical axis of the lens 9 while being offset with respect to the focal point of the lens 9.
  • the radiating assemblies 12, 14 and 16 are arranged so that the higher the frequency range of a radiating assembly, the farther the phase center of the radiating assembly is from the focal point of the lens 9 and the closer to the first surface 17 of the lens 9.
  • the phase centers of the radiating elements in the highest frequency ranges (in this case, the assemblies 14 and 16 radiating in the bands S and C) are located between the focal point of the lens 9 and lens 9.
  • the radiating assemblies 12, 14 and 16 By controlling the position of the phase centers of the radiating assemblies 12, 14 and 16 relative to the focus of the lens 9, it is possible to adjust the opening angle ⁇ , for each of the frequency ranges L, S and C , on a bandwidth of 2 octaves.
  • the radiating assemblies 12, 14 and 16 can be arranged along the optical axis of the lens so as to minimize the variation in the opening angle ⁇ as a function of the range of reception frequencies L, S and C.
  • the lens 9 is dimensioned to transform a quasi-plane wave received from the target into a spherical wave, the spherical wave being emitted towards the antenna source 7, in the lowest frequency range (in this case, the band L).
  • the lens 9 can be formed by machining in one or more blocks of material.
  • the material used presents preferably a density between 1.05 and 1.15, and a relative permittivity between 2.5 and 2.7.
  • the material forming the lens 9 is a dielectric material, such as a polymeric material, having low dielectric losses (loss tangent ⁇ 0.0007 at 10 GHz) in the reception frequency ranges of the source of assistance to the acquisition and a refractive index greater than 1.5.
  • the polymeric material can be a polystyrene and hydrocarbon-based material.
  • An example of a suitable material is a material sold under the name Rexolite® by the company San Diego Plastics, Inc., obtained by crosslinking a polystyrene with a divinylbenzene.
  • the lens 9 is formed in two pieces of material 23 and 24.
  • the two pieces 23 and 24 are fixed to each other by means of screws 25. It is thus possible to manufacture each piece 23, 24 independently of the 'other, and in particular to machine each convex surface 17 and 18 separately.
  • the figure 5 schematically represents the setting of the lens allowing the equations of the surfaces 17 and 18 of the lens to be calculated.
  • a point M 1 with coordinates ( x 1 , z 1 ), as a point of intersection of a ray with the first surface 17 of the lens, and a point M 2 , with coordinates ( x 2 , z 2 ), a point of intersection of the same radius with the second surface 18 of the lens.
  • the resolution of the differential equation can be carried out by a method of Runge Kutta, of order 4.
  • the surface equation can be calculated as a polynomial, by interpolating the series of points.
  • the lens is thus specifically shaped to have a focal distance adjusted to the different phase centers of each sub-band of the source, which makes it possible to achieve excellent efficiency at even the lowest frequencies.
  • the diameter of the acquisition aid antenna is thus minimized, as is its weight.
  • a lens 30 to 40 centimeters in diameter can simultaneously cover the L, S and C bands of telemetry with the right opening angle and reduced side lobes.
  • the use of a lens disposed in the reception beam of the acquisition aid antenna source makes it possible to adjust the opening angle of the acquisition aid antenna device, and provides good performance while having a reduced footprint.
  • the multi-band source based on differentiated radiating elements is a solution which gives good merit factors to the main antenna.
  • the proposed system allows the use of an acquisition aid antenna source identical to the main antenna source. Reusing the main antenna source for acquisition simplifies the design and maintenance of the antenna system, although it is still possible to use different sources.
  • the topology of the tracking device is thus identical for the two antennas.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Antennensystem (1) zur Überwachung eines sich bewegenden Ziels, das umfasst:
    • eine Hauptantennenvorrichtung (2), die umfasst:
    - einen parabolischen Reflektor (5), der geeignet ist, eine Strahlung, die durch ein Ziel emittiert wird, gemäß einem ersten Empfangsdiagramm zu reflektieren, das eine Hauptempfangskeule aufweist, die einen ersten Öffnungswinkel (β) aufweist,
    - eine Hauptantennenquelle (4), die geeignet ist, die durch den parabolischen Reflektor (5) reflektierte Strahlung zu empfangen, und
    • eine Antennenvorrichtung zur Erfassungshilfe (3), die in Bezug auf die Hauptantennenvorrichtung (2) fest montiert ist und eine Antennenquelle zur Erfassungshilfe (7) umfasst, die geeignet ist, eine Strahlung, die durch ein Ziel emittiert wird, gemäß einem zweiten Empfangsdiagramm zu empfangen, das eine Hauptempfangskeule aufweist, die einen zweiten Öffnungswinkel (γ) aufweist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antennenquelle zur Erfassungshilfe (7) mehrbandig ist, und dadurch, dass die Antennenvorrichtung zur Erfassungshilfe (3) ferner eine Linse (9) umfasst, die in der Hauptempfangskeule der Antennenquelle zur Erfassungshilfe (7) angeordnet ist, um die von dem Ziel empfangene Strahlung derart hin zu der Antennenquelle (7) zu konzentrieren, dass die durch das Ziel emittierte Strahlung gemäß einem dritten Empfangsdiagramm empfangen wird, das eine Hauptempfangskeule aufweist, die einen dritten Öffnungswinkel (δ) aufweist, der kleiner als der zweite Öffnungswinkel (γ) und größer als der erste Öffnungswinkel (β) ist.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Linse (9) die Verkleinerung des Öffnungswinkels der Hauptkeule der Antennenquelle zur Erfassungshilfe um einen Quotienten dritter Winkel / zweiter Winkel ermöglicht, der zwischen 1/3,25 und 1/6,5 enthalten ist.
  3. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, wobei die Antennenquelle zur Erfassungshilfe (7) mehrere strahlende Baugruppen (12, 14, 16) umfasst, wobei jede strahlende Baugruppe (12, 14, 16) geeignet ist, eine Strahlung in einem gegebenen Frequenzband zu empfangen, und wobei die strahlende Baugruppe (12) in dem niedrigsten Frequenzbereich eine Phasenmitte aufweist, die sich im Brennpunkt der Linse (9) befindet.
  4. System nach Anspruch 3, wobei die anderen strahlenden Baugruppen (14, 16) Phasenmitten aufweisen, die sich auf einer optischen Achse der Linse (9) befinden und dabei in Bezug auf den Brennpunkt der Linse (9) versetzt sind.
  5. System nach Anspruch 4, wobei die strahlenden Elemente (11-16) derart angeordnet sind, dass sich die Phasenmitte des strahlenden Elements bei zunehmender Höhe des Frequenzbereichs eines strahlenden Elements näher an der Linse (9) befindet.
  6. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die Linse (9) ausgestaltet ist, um eine von dem Ziel empfangene nahezu ebene Welle in eine sphärische Welle umzuwandeln, wobei die sphärische Welle hin zu der Antennenquelle zur Erfassungshilfe (7) emittiert wird.
  7. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die Linse (9) in mindestens einem Materialblock gebildet ist, wobei das Material eine Dichte, die zwischen 1,05 und 1,15 enthalten ist, und eine relative Permittivität aufweist, die zwischen 2,5 und 2,7 enthalten ist.
  8. System nach Anspruch 7, wobei das Material, das die Linse (9) bildet, ein Polymermaterial, vorzugsweise ein Material auf Polystyrolbasis, ist.
  9. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei die Hauptantennenquelle (4) und die Antennenquelle zur Erfassungshilfe (7) untereinander identisch sind.
EP16784538.7A 2015-10-22 2016-10-21 Antennenvorrichtung für erfassungshilfe und entsprechendes antennensystem zur überwachung eines sich bewegenden ziels Active EP3365943B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1560104A FR3042917B1 (fr) 2015-10-22 2015-10-22 Dispositif d'antenne d'aide a l'acquisition et systeme d'antenne pour le suivi d'une cible en mouvement associe
PCT/EP2016/075454 WO2017068155A1 (fr) 2015-10-22 2016-10-21 Dispositif d'antenne d'aide a l'acquisition et systeme d'antenne pour le suivi d'une cible en mouvement associe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3365943A1 EP3365943A1 (de) 2018-08-29
EP3365943B1 true EP3365943B1 (de) 2020-01-15

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16784538.7A Active EP3365943B1 (de) 2015-10-22 2016-10-21 Antennenvorrichtung für erfassungshilfe und entsprechendes antennensystem zur überwachung eines sich bewegenden ziels

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10700407B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3365943B1 (de)
FR (1) FR3042917B1 (de)
IL (1) IL258834B (de)
WO (1) WO2017068155A1 (de)

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US11171402B2 (en) * 2018-12-21 2021-11-09 HYDRO-QUéBEC Wireless telecommunication system for an equipment in an underground structure

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3042917A1 (fr) 2017-04-28
FR3042917B1 (fr) 2018-12-07
WO2017068155A1 (fr) 2017-04-27
US10700407B2 (en) 2020-06-30
IL258834A (en) 2018-06-28
IL258834B (en) 2019-06-30
EP3365943A1 (de) 2018-08-29
US20180358682A1 (en) 2018-12-13

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