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EP3348731A1 - Post and crossmember structure - Google Patents

Post and crossmember structure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3348731A1
EP3348731A1 EP18150043.0A EP18150043A EP3348731A1 EP 3348731 A1 EP3348731 A1 EP 3348731A1 EP 18150043 A EP18150043 A EP 18150043A EP 3348731 A1 EP3348731 A1 EP 3348731A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
post
insert frame
screws
mounting strip
fixed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18150043.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3348731B1 (en
Inventor
Sabri Aras
Ralf Budde
Peter Molitor
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schueco International KG
Original Assignee
Schueco International KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schueco International KG filed Critical Schueco International KG
Priority to PL18150043T priority Critical patent/PL3348731T3/en
Publication of EP3348731A1 publication Critical patent/EP3348731A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3348731B1 publication Critical patent/EP3348731B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/88—Curtain walls
    • E04B2/96—Curtain walls comprising panels attached to the structure through mullions or transoms
    • E04B2/967—Details of the cross-section of the mullions or transoms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/02—Shutters, movable grilles, or other safety closing devices, e.g. against burglary

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mullion and transom construction with mullions and bars fixed to the mullions, wherein on an outer side of two mullions an insert frame formed from profiles is fixed with a pivotable wing which is clamped to the mullion respectively via a mounting strip, wherein on the mounting strip on an outer side at least over a part of the height of the insert frame a parapet is fixed, and the mounting bar is fixed by first screws to the post, which engage in a screw groove on the post.
  • the DE 10 2011 120 906 A1 discloses a fall protection between two posts that border the surface element.
  • the two posts are mounted on the outside of a frame, so that the posts protrude from the frame, which is visually disadvantageous and also facilitates the formation of dirt corners.
  • fall protection is the problem that high forces can act to the outside.
  • the arranged in a line screws pivot laterally, which reduces the stability of the attachment of the parapet.
  • a parapet guard is fixed to an outside of a mounting ledge fixed by first bolts to the post, which engage a screw groove on the post and are thus aligned in a first vertical line along the screw groove.
  • the mounting strip is fixed via second screws to the insert frame, which are spaced from a plane of the screw groove are screwed into the insert frame. The first screws and the second screws are thus offset in the horizontal direction to each other.
  • the first and second screws are aligned substantially parallel.
  • the assembly is facilitated, especially when the screwing in of the screws takes place from an outer side, so that the mounting direction of the screws runs from outside to inside.
  • the first and second screws can be mounted at the same height or at different heights.
  • the parapet guard is clamped by an outer pressure strip between the mounting rail and the pressure bar, the parapet preferably not directly applied to the mounting rail or the pressure strip, but is clamped along sealing profiles along the pressure strip and the mounting strip are fixed.
  • the pressure strip can be screwed to the mounting strip, the mounting strip for this purpose has an outwardly projecting screw groove.
  • the insert frame is clamped between sealing profiles on the post and the mounting bar.
  • the insert frame can be fixed directly to the post via a bond.
  • a particularly compact structure may be provided on the mounting strip on the outside of a groove for receiving a sealing profile, wherein in the groove also a head of the second screws is added.
  • the head of the screws can be concealed in the groove and provide additional stabilization.
  • the length of the second screws can also be varied. If the second screws are particularly long, they can pass through both the mounting strip and the insert frame and then at least partially engage in the post, so that with a screw mounting bar, the Insert frame and the post are held together. Alternatively, the second screws can also be made shorter, which reduces the assembly time. Then the second screws only reach through the mounting strip and then end in the insert frame.
  • the two types of screws with different lengths can both be used in a mullion and transom construction, for example, in alternation.
  • third screws may be provided which are aligned at an angle to the first and the second screw and set the insert frame on the post. Just to avoid pivoting movements, the third screws can then generate stability in another direction.
  • the third screws can in particular be fixed to a leg of an L-shaped profile of the insert frame arranged laterally on the post. As a result, the third screws can be easily mounted and are aligned at right angles to the first and second screws.
  • a cover strip extends on an outer side of the pressure strip or on an outer side of the mounting strip substantially over the entire height of the insert frame.
  • an optically continuous structure can be obtained, since the cover strip has a flat surface, so that steps on the outside, in particular in the area of the parapet guard, are avoided.
  • the parapet protection mounting strips can be used for this purpose, which protrude somewhat further outwards, so that the cover strip is fixed continuously on the one hand in the region of the parapet and on the other hand above, in particular can be locked.
  • a mullion and transom construction 1 comprises vertical posts 2, which are connected to each other via horizontal bars 3. At two adjacent posts 2 formed from profiles insert frame 4 is fixed, on which a wing 5 is pivotally mounted. The wing 5 can be swung inwards and forms a door or a window. In the wing 5 an insulating glass pane 6 is fixed. In order to be able to open the wing 5 at greater heights on a building, a parapet guard 7 is provided in the lower region of the wing 5, for example up to a height of 1 m, and thus forms a fall protection.
  • the parapet guard 7 is plate-shaped and can be formed as an insulating glass pane, in particular made of a laminated safety glass, as a metal grid, surface element or a plate element.
  • a side element 8 is provided on the parapet guard 7, which is covered on the outside by a cover strip 44.
  • a mounting profile 9 is provided, which extends from the insulating glass pane 10 to the outside and on which the continuous cover strip 44 is fixed, in particular by latching.
  • the cover strip 44 has a continuous outer surface which extends in a plane both in the area of the parapet guard 7 and above, wherein further cover strips 44 are also arranged between two parapets 7.
  • FIG. 2 For example, the mullion-and-transom construction is shown assembled, and it will be appreciated that horizontal latches 3 connect two vertical posts 2.
  • the posts 2 have on the outside a screw groove 20 into which an insulating strip 14 is inserted.
  • 7 mounting strips 30 are provided in the area of the parapet guard, which serve to fix the insert frame 4.
  • edges of the parapet guard 7 are fixed to the outside, which are clamped between a pressure strip 40 and the mounting bar 30.
  • the structure of the mullion and transom construction 1 in the region of the insert frame 4 is particularly in FIG. 3 shown.
  • the pivotable wing 5 comprises a handle 50 arranged on the inside, which serves for opening and closing.
  • a hinge is arranged on the insert frame 4 to pivot the wing 5 to the insert frame 4 to store.
  • the structure of the wing can be varied depending on the purpose, with insert frame 4 and 5 wings form a unit between the post 2.
  • Each post 2 has on the outside a screw groove 20 which serves to fix the mounting strip 30 via first screws 15.
  • an insulating strip 14 is inserted, which serves for heat insulation.
  • a drainage channel 22 on the post 2 is formed laterally of the screw groove 20 on opposite sides.
  • the insert frame 4 is formed from profiles which are L-shaped in cross section and in the region of a groove 21 surrounding the post 2 L-shaped.
  • the leg arranged on the outside is fixed by second screws 16, which are arranged in a plane adjacent and parallel to the first screws 15.
  • third screws 18 are screwed into the second leg, which bears laterally against the post 2, which are aligned at an angle, in particular at right angles, to the second screws 16.
  • the insert frame 4 is fixed to the post 2 via the screws 16 and 18 and additionally secured by the first screws 15 which fix the mounting strip 30 to the post 2.
  • FIG. 3 recognizable that instead of an insert frame 4, a filling element 4 'can be fixed to the outside of a post 2 and the mounting strip 30' can also be equipped with a side member 8 to form a closed surface, especially if no parapet 7 provided in this area shall be.
  • the mounting strip 30 has towards the outside a ringnut 31, which is for mounting a pressure bar 40th serves.
  • a plurality of screws 43 are arranged in the vertical direction, which pass through the pressure bar 40 and are screwed into the screw groove 31.
  • grooves 33 are provided to the outside, are inserted into the sealing profiles 34.
  • On the sealing profiles 34 are outer edges of the sill guard 7 or a filling piece 7 'on.
  • On the outside of the pressure bar 40 is provided, which also has two grooves 41 are inserted into the sealing profiles 42.
  • the parapet guard 7 is thus clamped between the sealing profile 34 on the mounting strip 30 and the sealing profile 42 on the pressure bar 40.
  • the pressure bar 40 is covered to the outside by a cover strip 44 which extends continuously over the entire height of the insert frame 4, as in FIG. 1 is shown. Above the parapet guard 7, the cover strip 44 can be latched to the mounting profile 9.
  • the first screws 15 are provided, which are screwed in the region of recesses 17 on the mounting strip 30 and engage in the screw groove 20 on the post 2.
  • first screws 15 are screwed in the region of recesses 17 on the mounting strip 30 and engage in the screw groove 20 on the post 2.
  • second screws 16 FIG. FIG. 3
  • the screw head of the second screws 16 is received in a groove 33, which also serves to fix the sealing profiles 34.
  • second screws 16 ' can be mounted, which are made shorter. These shorter second screws 16 'are also screwed into the groove 33 of the mounting strip 30 and pass through the mounting strip 30 and terminate in the profile of the insert frame 4.
  • the first screws 15 and the second screws 16 or 16' are aligned and prevent substantially parallel a pivoting of the mounting strip 30 at a load of the sill guard 7 to the outside.
  • the third screws 18, which are aligned at right angles to the first and second screws 15 and 16, provide for increased stability and avoidance of pivotal movement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)

Abstract

Eine Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion (1) umfasst Pfosten (2) und an den Pfosten (2) festgelegte Riegel (3), wobei an einer Außenseite von zwei Pfosten (2) ein aus Profilen gebildeter Einsatzrahmen (4) mit einem verschwenkbaren Flügel (5) fixiert ist, der an den Pfosten (2) jeweils über eine Montageleiste (30) klemmend fixiert ist, wobei an der Montageleiste (30) an einer Außenseite zumindest über einen Teil der Höhe des Einsatzrahmens (4) eine Brüstungssicherung (7) festgelegt ist, und die Montageleiste (30) über erste Schrauben (50) an den Pfosten (2) fixiert ist, die in eine Schraubnut (20) an dem Pfosten (2) eingreifen, wobei die Montageleiste (30) zusätzlich über zweite Schrauben (16, 16') an dem Einsatzrahmen (4) fixiert ist und die zweiten Schrauben (16, 16') beabstandet von einer Ebene der Schraubnut (20) in den Einsatzrahmen (4) eingedreht sind. Dadurch kann die Brüstungssicherung (7) stabil an der Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion (1) festgelegt werden.A mullion and transom construction (1) comprises mullions (2) and latches (3) fixed to the mullions (2), an outer frame of two mullions (2) comprising an insert frame (4) formed from profiles with a pivotable wing (3). 5) fixed to the post (2) in each case via a mounting strip (30), wherein fixed to the mounting strip (30) on an outer side at least over part of the height of the insert frame (4) a parapet guard (7) is fixed, and the mounting strip (30) via first screws (50) to the post (2), which engage in a screw groove (20) on the post (2), wherein the mounting strip (30) in addition via second screws (16 , 16 ') is fixed to the insert frame (4) and the second screws (16, 16') spaced from a plane of the screw groove (20) in the insert frame (4) are screwed. As a result, the parapet guard (7) can be stably fixed to the post-and-rail construction (1).

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion mit Pfosten und an den Pfosten festgelegten Riegeln, wobei an einer Außenseite von zwei Pfosten ein aus Profilen gebildeter Einsatzrahmen mit einem verschwenkbaren Flügel fixiert ist, der an den Pfosten jeweils über eine Montageleiste klemmend fixiert ist, wobei an der Montageleiste an einer Außenseite zumindest über einen Teil der Höhe des Einsatzrahmens eine Brüstungssicherung festgelegt ist, und die Montageleiste über erste Schrauben an den Pfosten fixiert ist, die in eine Schraubnut an dem Pfosten eingreifen.The present invention relates to a mullion and transom construction with mullions and bars fixed to the mullions, wherein on an outer side of two mullions an insert frame formed from profiles is fixed with a pivotable wing which is clamped to the mullion respectively via a mounting strip, wherein on the mounting strip on an outer side at least over a part of the height of the insert frame a parapet is fixed, and the mounting bar is fixed by first screws to the post, which engage in a screw groove on the post.

Die DE 10 2011 120 906 A1 offenbart eine Absturzsicherung zwischen zwei Pfosten, die das Flächenelement randseitig einfassen. Die beiden Pfosten werden außen an einem Blendrahmen montiert, so dass die Pfosten von dem Blendrahmen hervorstehen, was optisch nachteilig ist und zudem die Ausbildung von Schmutzecken erleichtert. Bei solchen Absturzsicherungen besteht das Problem, dass hohe Kräfte nach außen wirken können. Um solche hohen Kräfte aufnehmen zu können, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn mehrere vertikal übereinander angeordnete Schrauben vorgesehen werden. Bei einer Belastung zur Außenseite hin kann es allerdings dazu kommen, dass die in einer Linie angeordneten Schrauben seitlich verschwenken, was die Stabilität der Befestigung der Brüstungssicherung vermindert.The DE 10 2011 120 906 A1 discloses a fall protection between two posts that border the surface element. The two posts are mounted on the outside of a frame, so that the posts protrude from the frame, which is visually disadvantageous and also facilitates the formation of dirt corners. In such fall protection is the problem that high forces can act to the outside. In order to accommodate such high forces, it is advantageous if a plurality of vertically stacked screws are provided. However, when loaded to the outside, it can happen that the arranged in a line screws pivot laterally, which reduces the stability of the attachment of the parapet.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion zu schaffen, die eine stabile Fixierung der Brüstungssicherung gewährleistet.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a mullion and transom construction which ensures stable fixation of the sill guard.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit einer Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst.This object is achieved with a mullion and transom construction with the features of claim 1.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion ist eine Brüstungssicherung an einer Außenseite einer Montageleiste fixiert, die über erste Schrauben an dem Pfosten festgelegt ist, die in eine Schraubnut an dem Pfosten eingreifen und somit in einer ersten vertikalen Linie entlang der Schraubnut ausgerichtet sind. Zusätzlich ist die Montageleiste über zweite Schrauben an dem Einsatzrahmen fixiert, die beabstandet von einer Ebene der Schraubnut in den Einsatzrahmen eingedreht sind. Die ersten Schrauben und die zweiten Schrauben sind somit in horizontaler Richtung versetzt zueinander angeordnet. Dadurch können auch hohe Stoßbelastungen nach außen an der Brüstungssicherung sicher aufgenommen werden, ohne dass die Montageleiste bzw. die Brüstungssicherung relativ zu dem Pfosten zu stark bewegt wird und somit ein Sicherheitsrisiko darstellt. Die Befestigungsstruktur verhindert ein Verschwenken im Falle einer stoßartigen Belastung, kann aber das Dämpfen der Belastung ermöglichen.In the mullion and transom construction according to the invention, a parapet guard is fixed to an outside of a mounting ledge fixed by first bolts to the post, which engage a screw groove on the post and are thus aligned in a first vertical line along the screw groove. In addition, the mounting strip is fixed via second screws to the insert frame, which are spaced from a plane of the screw groove are screwed into the insert frame. The first screws and the second screws are thus offset in the horizontal direction to each other. As a result, even high impact loads can be safely absorbed to the outside of the parapet without the mounting rail or the parapet guard is moved too much relative to the post and thus represents a security risk. The attachment structure prevents pivoting in the event of a jerky load, but may allow for damping of the load.

Vorzugsweise sind die ersten und die zweiten Schrauben im Wesentlichen parallel ausgerichtet. Dadurch wird die Montage erleichtert, insbesondere wenn das Eindrehen der Schrauben von einer Außenseite erfolgt, so dass die Montagerichtung der Schrauben von außen nach innen verläuft. In vertikale Richtung können die ersten und zweiten Schrauben in gleicher Höhe oder in unterschiedlicher Höhe montiert sein.Preferably, the first and second screws are aligned substantially parallel. As a result, the assembly is facilitated, especially when the screwing in of the screws takes place from an outer side, so that the mounting direction of the screws runs from outside to inside. In the vertical direction, the first and second screws can be mounted at the same height or at different heights.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Brüstungssicherung über eine äußere Andruckleiste klemmend zwischen der Montageleiste und der Andruckleiste fixiert, wobei die Brüstungssicherung vorzugsweise nicht unmittelbar an der Montageleiste oder der Andruckleiste anliegt, sondern entlang von Dichtungsprofilen geklemmt ist, die entlang der Andruckleiste und der Montageleiste fixiert sind. Die Andruckleiste kann dabei mit der Montageleiste verschraubt sein, wobei die Montageleiste hierzu eine nach außen hervorstehende Schraubnut aufweist. Dadurch kann ein Rand der Brüstungssicherung U-förmig von der Montageleiste und der Andruckleiste eingefasst werden.In a further embodiment of the invention, the parapet guard is clamped by an outer pressure strip between the mounting rail and the pressure bar, the parapet preferably not directly applied to the mounting rail or the pressure strip, but is clamped along sealing profiles along the pressure strip and the mounting strip are fixed. The pressure strip can be screwed to the mounting strip, the mounting strip for this purpose has an outwardly projecting screw groove. As a result, an edge of the sill guard can be enclosed in a U-shape by the mounting strip and the pressure strip.

Vorzugsweise ist auch der Einsatzrahmen klemmend zwischen Dichtungsprofilen an den Pfosten und der Montageleiste gehalten. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Einsatzrahmen über eine Verklebung direkt am Pfosten fixiert werden.Preferably, the insert frame is clamped between sealing profiles on the post and the mounting bar. Alternatively or additionally, the insert frame can be fixed directly to the post via a bond.

Für einen besonders kompakten Aufbau kann an der Montageleiste an der Außenseite eine Nut zur Aufnahme eines Dichtungsprofils vorgesehen sein, wobei in der Nut zusätzlich auch ein Kopf der zweiten Schrauben aufgenommen ist. Dadurch kann der Kopf der Schrauben einerseits verdeckt in der Nut angeordnet sein und für eine zusätzliche Stabilisierung sorgen.For a particularly compact structure may be provided on the mounting strip on the outside of a groove for receiving a sealing profile, wherein in the groove also a head of the second screws is added. As a result, the head of the screws can be concealed in the groove and provide additional stabilization.

Die Länge der zweiten Schrauben kann zudem variiert werden. Wenn die zweiten Schrauben besonders lang ausgebildet sind, können diese sowohl die Montageleiste und den Einsatzrahmen durchgreifen und dann zumindest teilweise in den Pfosten eingreifen, so dass mit einer Schraube die Montageleiste, der Einsatzrahmen und der Pfosten zusammengehalten sind. Alternativ können die zweiten Schrauben auch kürzer ausgebildet sein, was die Montagezeit reduziert. Dann greifen die zweiten Schrauben nur durch die Montageleiste und enden dann in dem Einsatzrahmen. Die beiden Schraubentypen mit unterschiedlicher Länge können auch beide bei einer Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise im Wechsel.The length of the second screws can also be varied. If the second screws are particularly long, they can pass through both the mounting strip and the insert frame and then at least partially engage in the post, so that with a screw mounting bar, the Insert frame and the post are held together. Alternatively, the second screws can also be made shorter, which reduces the assembly time. Then the second screws only reach through the mounting strip and then end in the insert frame. The two types of screws with different lengths can both be used in a mullion and transom construction, for example, in alternation.

Für eine besonders stabile Befestigung können auch dritte Schrauben vorgesehen sein, die winklig zu der ersten und der zweiten Schraube ausgerichtet sind und den Einsatzrahmen an dem Pfosten festlegen. Gerade zur Vermeidung von Schwenkbewegungen können die dritten Schrauben dann eine Stabilität in eine weitere Richtung erzeugen. Die dritten Schrauben können insbesondere an einem seitlich an dem Pfosten angeordneten Schenkel eines L-förmigen Profils des Einsatzrahmens fixiert sein. Dadurch lassen sich die dritten Schrauben leicht montieren und sind rechtwinklig zu den ersten und zweiten Schrauben ausgerichtet.For a particularly stable attachment and third screws may be provided which are aligned at an angle to the first and the second screw and set the insert frame on the post. Just to avoid pivoting movements, the third screws can then generate stability in another direction. The third screws can in particular be fixed to a leg of an L-shaped profile of the insert frame arranged laterally on the post. As a result, the third screws can be easily mounted and are aligned at right angles to the first and second screws.

Vorzugsweise erstreckt sich eine Abdeckleiste an einer Außenseite der Andruckleiste oder an einer Außenseite der Montageleiste im Wesentlichen über die gesamte Höhe des Einsatzrahmens. Dadurch kann eine optisch durchgängige Struktur erhalten werden, da die Abdeckleiste eine ebene Oberfläche aufweist, so dass Stufen an der Außenseite, insbesondere im Bereich der Brüstungssicherung, vermieden werden. Oberhalb der Brüstungssicherung können hierfür Montageleisten eingesetzt werden, die etwas weiter nach außen hervorstehen, so dass die Abdeckleiste durchgängig einerseits im Bereich der Brüstungssicherung und andererseits oberhalb fixiert wird, insbesondere verrastet werden kann.Preferably, a cover strip extends on an outer side of the pressure strip or on an outer side of the mounting strip substantially over the entire height of the insert frame. As a result, an optically continuous structure can be obtained, since the cover strip has a flat surface, so that steps on the outside, in particular in the area of the parapet guard, are avoided. Above the parapet protection mounting strips can be used for this purpose, which protrude somewhat further outwards, so that the cover strip is fixed continuously on the one hand in the region of the parapet and on the other hand above, in particular can be locked.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels mit Bezug auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine perspektivische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion im montierten Zustand;
Figur 2
eine perspektivische Explosionsdarstellung der Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion der Figur 1 bei der Montage;
Figur 3
eine Schnittansicht durch die Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion der Figur 1, und
Figuren 4A und 4B
zwei Detailansichten der Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion der Figur 3.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
FIG. 1
a perspective view of a mullion-transom construction according to the invention in the assembled state;
FIG. 2
an exploded perspective view of the mullion and transom construction of FIG. 1 during installation;
FIG. 3
a sectional view through the mullion-transom construction of FIG. 1 , and
FIGS. 4A and 4B
two detailed views of the mullion and transom construction of the FIG. 3 ,

Eine Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion 1 umfasst vertikale Pfosten 2, die über horizontale Riegel 3 miteinander verbunden sind. An zwei benachbarten Pfosten 2 ist ein aus Profilen gebildeter Einsatzrahmen 4 festgelegt, an dem ein Flügel 5 schwenkbar gelagert ist. Der Flügel 5 kann nach innen aufgeschwenkt werden und bildet eine Tür oder ein Fenster aus. In dem Flügel 5 ist eine Isolierglasscheibe 6 festgelegt. Um den Flügel 5 auch in größeren Höhen an einem Gebäude öffnen zu können, ist eine Brüstungssicherung 7 im unteren Bereich des Flügels 5 vorgesehen, beispielsweise bis zu einer Höhe von 1 m, und bildet somit eine Absturzsicherung aus. Die Brüstungssicherung 7 ist plattenförmig ausgebildet und kann als Isolierglasscheibe, insbesondere aus einem Verbundsicherheitsglas, als Metallgitter, Flächenelement oder einem Plattenelement gebildet sein.A mullion and transom construction 1 comprises vertical posts 2, which are connected to each other via horizontal bars 3. At two adjacent posts 2 formed from profiles insert frame 4 is fixed, on which a wing 5 is pivotally mounted. The wing 5 can be swung inwards and forms a door or a window. In the wing 5 an insulating glass pane 6 is fixed. In order to be able to open the wing 5 at greater heights on a building, a parapet guard 7 is provided in the lower region of the wing 5, for example up to a height of 1 m, and thus forms a fall protection. The parapet guard 7 is plate-shaped and can be formed as an insulating glass pane, in particular made of a laminated safety glass, as a metal grid, surface element or a plate element.

Auf der in Figur 1 linken Seite des äußersten Pfostens 2 ist kein Einsatzrahmen 4 festgelegt, sondern eine Isolierglasscheibe 10, die ein Festfeld ausbildet und keinen verschwenkbaren Flügel 5 aufweist.On the in FIG. 1 left side of the outermost post 2 no insert frame 4 is fixed, but an insulating glass 10, which forms a fixed field and has no pivotable wings 5.

Im Bereich der Brüstungssicherung 7 ist ein Seitenelement 8 an der Brüstungssicherung 7 vorgesehen, das an der Außenseite über eine Abdeckleiste 44 überdeckt ist. Oberhalb der Brüstungssicherung 7 ist ein Montageprofil 9 vorgesehen, das sich von der Isolierglasscheibe 10 nach außen erstreckt und an dem die durchgängige Abdeckleiste 44 fixiert ist, insbesondere durch Verrasten. Die Abdeckleiste 44 besitzt eine durchgängige äußere Oberfläche, die sich in einer Ebene sowohl im Bereich der Brüstungssicherung 7 als auch darüber erstreckt, wobei weitere Abdeckleisten 44 auch zwischen zwei Brüstungssicherungen 7 angeordnet sind.In the area of the parapet guard 7, a side element 8 is provided on the parapet guard 7, which is covered on the outside by a cover strip 44. Above the parapet guard 7, a mounting profile 9 is provided, which extends from the insulating glass pane 10 to the outside and on which the continuous cover strip 44 is fixed, in particular by latching. The cover strip 44 has a continuous outer surface which extends in a plane both in the area of the parapet guard 7 and above, wherein further cover strips 44 are also arranged between two parapets 7.

In Figur 2 ist die Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion bei der Montage gezeigt, und es ist erkennbar, dass horizontale Riegel 3 zwei vertikale Pfosten 2 verbinden. Die Pfosten 2 weisen an der Außenseite eine Schraubnut 20 auf, in die eine Isolierleiste 14 eingefügt ist. Ferner sind im Bereich der Brüstungssicherung 7 Montageleisten 30 vorgesehen, die zur Fixierung des Einsatzrahmens 4 dienen. An den Montageleisten 30 sind an der Außenseite Ränder der Brüstungssicherung 7 fixiert, die zwischen einer Andruckleiste 40 und der Montageleiste 30 eingeklemmt werden.In FIG. 2 For example, the mullion-and-transom construction is shown assembled, and it will be appreciated that horizontal latches 3 connect two vertical posts 2. The posts 2 have on the outside a screw groove 20 into which an insulating strip 14 is inserted. Furthermore, 7 mounting strips 30 are provided in the area of the parapet guard, which serve to fix the insert frame 4. On the mounting rails 30 edges of the parapet guard 7 are fixed to the outside, which are clamped between a pressure strip 40 and the mounting bar 30.

Der Aufbau der Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion 1 im Bereich des Einsatzrahmens 4 ist insbesondere in Figur 3 gezeigt. Der verschwenkbare Flügel 5 umfasst einen an der Innenseite angeordneten Griff 50, der zum Öffnen und Schließen dient. Auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Flügels 5 ist ein Scharnier an dem Einsatzrahmen 4 angeordnet, um den Flügel 5 verschwenkbar an dem Einsatzrahmen 4 zu lagern. Der Aufbau des Flügels kann je nach Einsatzzweck variiert werden, wobei Einsatzrahmen 4 und Flügel 5 eine Einheit zwischen den Pfosten 2 ausbilden.The structure of the mullion and transom construction 1 in the region of the insert frame 4 is particularly in FIG. 3 shown. The pivotable wing 5 comprises a handle 50 arranged on the inside, which serves for opening and closing. On the opposite side of the wing 5, a hinge is arranged on the insert frame 4 to pivot the wing 5 to the insert frame 4 to store. The structure of the wing can be varied depending on the purpose, with insert frame 4 and 5 wings form a unit between the post 2.

Jeder Pfosten 2 weist an der Außenseite eine Schraubnut 20 auf, die zur Fixierung der Montageleiste 30 über erste Schrauben 15 dient. In die Schraubnut 20 ist eine Isolierleiste 14 eingesteckt, die zur Wärmeisolierung dient. Auf beiden Seiten der Schraubnut 20 befindet sich ein Entwässerungskanal 22 an dem Pfosten 2, der optional auch weggelassen werden kann. Ferner ist seitlich der Schraubnut 20 an gegenüberliegenden Seiten eine Nut 21 zur Aufnahme von Dichtungsprofilen an dem Pfosten 2 ausgebildet.Each post 2 has on the outside a screw groove 20 which serves to fix the mounting strip 30 via first screws 15. In the screw 20, an insulating strip 14 is inserted, which serves for heat insulation. On both sides of the screw groove 20 is a drainage channel 22 on the post 2, which can optionally be omitted. Furthermore, a groove 21 for receiving sealing profiles on the post 2 is formed laterally of the screw groove 20 on opposite sides.

Der Einsatzrahmen 4 ist aus Profilen gebildet, die im Querschnitt L-förmig sind und im Bereich einer Nut 21 den Pfosten 2 L-förmig umgeben. Der auf der Außenseite angeordnete Schenkel ist dabei durch zweite Schrauben 16 fixiert, die in einer Ebene benachbart und parallel zu den ersten Schrauben 15 angeordnet sind. Ferner sind in den zweiten Schenkel, der seitlich an dem Pfosten 2 anliegt, dritte Schrauben 18 eingedreht, die winklig, insbesondere rechtwinklig, zu den zweiten Schrauben 16 ausgerichtet sind. Dadurch wird der Einsatzrahmen 4 über die Schrauben 16 und 18 an dem Pfosten 2 fixiert und zusätzlich über die ersten Schrauben 15 gesichert, die die Montageleiste 30 an dem Pfosten 2 festlegen.The insert frame 4 is formed from profiles which are L-shaped in cross section and in the region of a groove 21 surrounding the post 2 L-shaped. The leg arranged on the outside is fixed by second screws 16, which are arranged in a plane adjacent and parallel to the first screws 15. Further, third screws 18 are screwed into the second leg, which bears laterally against the post 2, which are aligned at an angle, in particular at right angles, to the second screws 16. As a result, the insert frame 4 is fixed to the post 2 via the screws 16 and 18 and additionally secured by the first screws 15 which fix the mounting strip 30 to the post 2.

Ferner ist in Figur 3 erkennbar, dass statt eines Einsatzrahmens 4 auch ein Füllungselement 4' an der Außenseite eines Pfostens 2 fixiert werden kann und die Montageleiste 30' auch mit einer Seitenelement 8 ausgestattet sein kann, um eine geschlossene Oberfläche auszubilden, insbesondere wenn keine Brüstungssicherung 7 in diesem Bereich vorgesehen werden soll.Furthermore, in FIG. 3 recognizable that instead of an insert frame 4, a filling element 4 'can be fixed to the outside of a post 2 and the mounting strip 30' can also be equipped with a side member 8 to form a closed surface, especially if no parapet 7 provided in this area shall be.

Der Bereich zwischen zwei Brüstungssicherungen 7 an einem Pfosten 2 ist im Detail in den Figuren 4A und 4B dargestellt. Die Montageleiste 30 weist zur Außenseite hin eine Schraubnut 31 auf, die zur Montage einer Andruckleiste 40 dient. Hierfür sind in vertikale Richtung mehrere Schrauben 43 angeordnet, die die Andruckleiste 40 durchgreifen und in die Schraubnut 31 eingedreht sind.The area between two parapets 7 on a post 2 is described in detail in FIGS FIGS. 4A and 4B shown. The mounting strip 30 has towards the outside a Schraubnut 31, which is for mounting a pressure bar 40th serves. For this purpose, a plurality of screws 43 are arranged in the vertical direction, which pass through the pressure bar 40 and are screwed into the screw groove 31.

Auf einer Seite der Schraubnut 31, vorzugsweise auf beiden Seiten, sind zur Außenseite hin Nuten 33 vorgesehen, in die Dichtungsprofile 34 eingefügt sind. An den Dichtungsprofilen 34 liegen äußere Ränder der Brüstungssicherung 7 oder eines Füllungsstückes 7' auf. Auf der Außenseite ist die Andruckleiste 40 vorgesehen, die ebenfalls zwei Nuten 41 aufweist, in die Dichtungsprofile 42 eingefügt sind. Die Brüstungssicherung 7 ist somit zwischen dem Dichtungsprofil 34 an der Montageleiste 30 und dem Dichtungsprofil 42 an der Andruckleiste 40 klemmend fixiert. Die Andruckleiste 40 ist nach außen durch eine Abdeckleiste 44 überdeckt, die sich durchgängig über die gesamte Höhe des Einsatzrahmens 4 erstreckt, wie dies in Figur 1 dargestellt ist. Oberhalb der Brüstungssicherung 7 kann die Abdeckleiste 44 an dem Montageprofil 9 verrastet werden.On one side of the screw groove 31, preferably on both sides, grooves 33 are provided to the outside, are inserted into the sealing profiles 34. On the sealing profiles 34 are outer edges of the sill guard 7 or a filling piece 7 'on. On the outside of the pressure bar 40 is provided, which also has two grooves 41 are inserted into the sealing profiles 42. The parapet guard 7 is thus clamped between the sealing profile 34 on the mounting strip 30 and the sealing profile 42 on the pressure bar 40. The pressure bar 40 is covered to the outside by a cover strip 44 which extends continuously over the entire height of the insert frame 4, as in FIG. 1 is shown. Above the parapet guard 7, the cover strip 44 can be latched to the mounting profile 9.

Um die Montageleiste 30 sicher an dem Pfosten 2 zu fixieren, sind einerseits die ersten Schrauben 15 vorgesehen, die im Bereich von Ausnehmungen 17 an der Montageleiste 30 eingedreht sind und bis in die Schraubnut 20 an dem Pfosten 2 eingreifen. Bei einer Belastung der Brüstungssicherung 7 zur Außenseite hin können Zugkräfte durch diese ersten Schrauben 15 aufgenommen werden. Um zu vermeiden, dass diese ersten Schrauben 15 in der Schraubnut 20 verschwenken können, erfolgt eine weitere Befestigung der Montageleiste 30 über zweite Schrauben 16 (Figur 3), die die Montageleiste 30 durchgreifen, das Profil des Einsatzrahmens 4 durchgreifen und in dem Pfosten 2 enden. Der Schraubenkopf der zweiten Schrauben 16 ist dabei in einer Nut 33 aufgenommen, die auch zur Fixierung der Dichtungsprofile 34 dient. Da die Montage der langen zweiten Schrauben 16 aufwändiger ist, können alternativ oder zusätzlich zweite Schrauben 16' montiert werden, die kürzer ausgebildet sind. Diese kürzeren zweiten Schrauben 16' werden ebenfalls in die Nut 33 der Montageleiste 30 eingedreht und durchgreifen die Montageleiste 30 und enden in dem Profil des Einsatzrahmens 4. Die ersten Schrauben 15 und die zweiten Schrauben 16 oder 16' sind dabei im Wesentlichen parallel ausgerichtet und verhindern ein Verschwenken der Montageleiste 30 bei einer Belastung der Brüstungssicherung 7 nach außen. Zusätzlich sorgen die dritten Schrauben 18, die rechtwinklig zu den ersten und zweiten Schrauben 15 und 16 ausgerichtet sind, für eine erhöhte Stabilität und die Vermeidung einer Schwenkbewegung.In order to securely fix the mounting strip 30 to the post 2, on the one hand the first screws 15 are provided, which are screwed in the region of recesses 17 on the mounting strip 30 and engage in the screw groove 20 on the post 2. When the parapet guard 7 is loaded to the outside, tensile forces can be absorbed by these first screws 15. In order to avoid that these first screws 15 can pivot in the screw groove 20, a further attachment of the mounting strip 30 via second screws 16 (FIG. FIG. 3 ), which pass through the mounting strip 30, pass through the profile of the insert frame 4 and end in the post 2. The screw head of the second screws 16 is received in a groove 33, which also serves to fix the sealing profiles 34. Since the assembly of the long second screws 16 is more complex, alternatively or additionally, second screws 16 'can be mounted, which are made shorter. These shorter second screws 16 'are also screwed into the groove 33 of the mounting strip 30 and pass through the mounting strip 30 and terminate in the profile of the insert frame 4. The first screws 15 and the second screws 16 or 16' are aligned and prevent substantially parallel a pivoting of the mounting strip 30 at a load of the sill guard 7 to the outside. In addition, the third screws 18, which are aligned at right angles to the first and second screws 15 and 16, provide for increased stability and avoidance of pivotal movement.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Pfosten-Riegel-KonstruktionPost and beam construction
22
Pfostenpost
33
Riegelbars
44
Einsatzrahmeninsert frame
4'4 '
Füllungselementfilling element
55
Flügelwing
66
Isolierglasscheibeinsulating glass pane
77
Brüstungssicherungparapet assurance
7'7 '
Füllungsstückfilling piece
88th
Seitenelementpage element
99
Montageprofilmounting profile
1010
Isolierglasscheibeninsulating glass panes
1414
Isolierleisteinsulating strip
1515
Schraubescrew
16,16'16.16 '
Schraubescrew
1717
Ausnehmungrecess
1818
Schraubescrew
2020
Schraubnutscrew groove
2121
Nutgroove
2222
Entwässerungskanaldrainage canal
30, 30'30, 30 '
Montageleistemounting strip
3131
Schraubnutscrew groove
3333
Nutgroove
3434
Dichtungsprofilweatherstrip
4040
Andruckleistepressure bar
4141
Nutgroove
4242
Dichtungsprofilweatherstrip
4343
Schraubescrew
4444
Abdeckleistecover strip
5050
GriffHandle

Claims (14)

Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion (1) mit Pfosten (2) und an den Pfosten (2) festgelegten Riegeln (3), wobei an einer Außenseite von zwei Pfosten (2) ein aus Profilen gebildeter Einsatzrahmen (4) mit einem verschwenkbaren Flügel (5) fixiert ist, der an den Pfosten (2) jeweils über eine Montageleiste (30) klemmend fixiert ist, wobei an der Montageleiste (30) an einer Außenseite zumindest über einen Teil der Höhe des Einsatzrahmens (4) eine Brüstungssicherung (7) festgelegt ist, und die Montageleiste (30) über erste Schrauben (50) an den Pfosten (2) fixiert ist, die in eine Schraubnut (20) an dem Pfosten (2) eingreifen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Montageleiste (30) zusätzlich über zweite Schrauben (16, 16') an dem Einsatzrahmen (4) fixiert ist und die zweiten Schrauben (16, 16') beabstandet von einer Ebene der Schraubnut (20) in den Einsatzrahmen (4) eingedreht sind.Post-and-beam construction (1) with posts (2) and bars (3) fixed to the posts (2), an insert frame (4) formed from profiles having a pivotable wing (5) on one outer side of two posts (2) Fixed to the post (2) via a mounting strip (30) is fixed by clamping, wherein on the mounting strip (30) on an outside at least over a part of the height of the insert frame (4) a parapet guard (7) is fixed , and the mounting strip (30) via first screws (50) is fixed to the post (2), which engage in a screw groove (20) on the post (2), characterized in that the mounting strip (30) in addition via second screws (16, 16 ') is fixed to the insert frame (4) and the second screws (16, 16') spaced from a plane of the screw groove (20) in the insert frame (4) are screwed. Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brüstungssicherung (7) über eine äußere Andruckleiste (40) klemmend zwischen der Montageleiste (30) und der Andruckleiste (40) fixiert ist.Mullion-and-transom construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the parapet guard (7) is fixed in an clamping manner between the mounting strip (30) and the pressure strip (40) via an outer pressure strip (40). Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Andruckleiste (40) mit der Montageleiste (30) verschraubt ist.Mullion-transom construction according to claim 2, characterized in that the pressure strip (40) is screwed to the mounting strip (30). Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Einsatzrahmen (4) klemmend zwischen Dichtungsprofilen (23, 24) an dem Pfosten (2) und der Montageleiste (30) gehalten ist.Post and beam construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insert frame (4) is clamped between sealing profiles (23, 24) on the post (2) and the mounting strip (30) is held. Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Montageleiste (30) an der Außenseite eine Nut (32) zur Aufnahme eines Dichtungsprofils (33) vorgesehen ist und ein Kopf der zweiten Schraube (16, 16') in der Nut (32) aufgenommen ist.Mullion-transom construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the mounting strip (30) on the outside a groove (32) for receiving a sealing profile (33) is provided and a head of the second screw (16, 16 ') is received in the groove (32). Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest eine zweite Schraube (16) die Montageleiste (30), den Einsatzrahmen (4) und zumindest teilweise den Pfosten (2) durchgreift.Post-and-beam construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one second screw (16) passes through the mounting strip (30), the insert frame (4) and at least partially the post (2). Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest eine zweite Schraube (16') die Montageleiste (30) durchgreift und in dem Einsatzrahmen (4) endet.Post-and-beam construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one second screw (16 ') passes through the mounting strip (30) and ends in the insert frame (4). Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dritte Schrauben (28) vorgesehen sind, die winklig zu den ersten und zweiten Schrauben (15, 16, 16') ausgerichtet sind und den Einsatzrahmen (4) an dem Pfosten (2) festlegen.A mullion-and-transom construction according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there are provided third screws (28) angularly aligned with the first and second screws (15, 16, 16 ') and the insert frame (4) on the post (2). Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Profile des Einsatzrahmens im Querschnitt L-förmig ausgebildet sind, und ein Schenkel des L-förmigen Profils an der Außenseite eines Pfostens (2) und ein weiterer Schenkel seitlich an dem Pfosten (2) angeordnet ist, und dritte Schrauben an den an der Seite angeordneten Schenkel eingedreht sind.Post-and-beam construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profiles of the insert frame are formed in cross-section L-shaped, and a leg of the L-shaped profile on the outside of a post (2) and another leg laterally on the Post (2) is arranged, and third screws are screwed to the arranged on the side legs. Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Montageleiste (30) an der Außenseite eine Schraubnut (31) ausgebildet ist.Post-and-beam construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the mounting strip (30) on the outside of a screw groove (31) is formed. Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Andruckleiste (40) an der Außenseite von einer Abdeckleiste (44) überdeckt ist, das sich im Wesentlichen über die gesamte Höhe des Einsatzrahmens (4) erstreckt.Mullion and transom construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure strip (40) on the outside of a cover strip (44) is covered, which extends substantially over the entire height of the insert frame (4). Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Profile des Einsatzrahmens (40) zumindest teilweise aus Kunststoff hergestellt sind.Post-and-beam construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profiles of the insert frame (40) are at least partially made of plastic. Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest eine zweite Schraube (16, 16') die Montageleiste (30) durchgreift und in dem Einsatzrahmen (4) oder im Pfosten (2) endet.Post-and-beam construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one second screw (16, 16 ') passes through the mounting strip (30) and ends in the insert frame (4) or in the post (2). Pfosten-Riegel-Konstruktion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Einsatzrahmen (4) an dem Pfosten (2) gehalten ist.Mullion and transom construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insert frame (4) is held on the post (2).
EP18150043.0A 2017-01-13 2018-01-02 Post and crossmember structure Active EP3348731B1 (en)

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DE102017100617.6A DE102017100617B4 (en) 2017-01-13 2017-01-13 Post and beam construction

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113818609A (en) * 2021-10-18 2021-12-21 黄文福 Curtain ornamental strip connection structure

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8863452B1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-10-21 Hawkes Design & Consulting, LLC Trim for mounting exterior coverings for windows
DE202016100994U1 (en) * 2016-02-25 2016-03-07 SCHÜCO International KG Post and beam construction

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011120906A1 (en) 2011-12-12 2013-06-13 Eduard Hueck Gmbh & Co Kg Fall protecting device for use in French balcony i.e. ground-deep window, for protecting person from fall, has plane element lying on securing lath to be arranged in use position of plane element on upper surface of plane element

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8863452B1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-10-21 Hawkes Design & Consulting, LLC Trim for mounting exterior coverings for windows
DE202016100994U1 (en) * 2016-02-25 2016-03-07 SCHÜCO International KG Post and beam construction

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113818609A (en) * 2021-10-18 2021-12-21 黄文福 Curtain ornamental strip connection structure

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DE102017100617B4 (en) 2018-12-20
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EP3348731B1 (en) 2021-12-22

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