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EP3336249A1 - Method for manufacturing a track support element; track support element obtained through said method and railway track comprising said element - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing a track support element; track support element obtained through said method and railway track comprising said element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3336249A1
EP3336249A1 EP17207253.0A EP17207253A EP3336249A1 EP 3336249 A1 EP3336249 A1 EP 3336249A1 EP 17207253 A EP17207253 A EP 17207253A EP 3336249 A1 EP3336249 A1 EP 3336249A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support element
reinforcement
transverse
railway
support structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17207253.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3336249B1 (en
Inventor
Caroline MASSON
Marcel Girardi
Lise PESQUEUX
Nicolas ANDRIEU
Vincent Leger
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Alstom Transport Technologies SAS
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Alstom Transport Technologies SAS
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Publication of EP3336249A1 publication Critical patent/EP3336249A1/en
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Publication of EP3336249B1 publication Critical patent/EP3336249B1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
    • E01B3/28—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from concrete or from natural or artificial stone
    • E01B3/38—Longitudinal sleepers; Longitudinal sleepers integral or combined with tie-rods; Combined longitudinal and transverse sleepers; Layers of concrete supporting both rails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B21/00—Track superstructure adapted for tramways in paved streets
    • E01B21/02—Special supporting means; Draining of rails

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is that of the methods of manufacturing a railway support element.
  • the document EP 2 351 884 A1 discloses a method of manufacturing a rail support member comprising arranging, side by side, on a prepared floor, a succession of prefabricated concrete modules.
  • Each module comprises two end blocks, respectively left and right, secured to one another by two transverse jambs.
  • each end block has a recess forming a trough.
  • a longitudinal reinforcement is disposed in each of the grooves, respectively left and right, formed by the succession of buckets end blocks, respectively left and right.
  • Rail fastening systems are then held in position above the grooves, the time of pouring concrete in each of the grooves so as to achieve the right and left rails support the rails of the railway.
  • the fastening systems are thus sealed to the sill in their final position.
  • the railway is completed by laying the rails on the track support element thus produced, each rail being fixed to the corresponding sill by the fastening systems installed.
  • the difficulty of implementing this manufacturing method lies mainly in maintaining in position the rail fastening systems during the setting of the concrete constituting the stringers of the support member.
  • this method provides on-site supply of prefabricated modules, which poses a problem of additional logistics.
  • This method does not make it easy to make a railroad with curves, the use of prefabricated modules not suitable for this type of route.
  • the document FR 3 013 062 discloses a method of manufacturing a rail support member for supplying longitudinal section formwork in U, rectilinear. They are placed on the ground, on either side of the route of the track, to realize the left and right sills of the support element of the railway. Reinforcements are placed inside the longitudinal formwork.
  • Transverse forms are also supplied and placed between the longitudinal forms to make the transverse jambs of the rail element. Reinforcements are placed inside the transverse formwork.
  • the rail fastening systems are also prepositioned before a concrete is poured inside the various forms so as to make the rail support element and seal in position the systems of the rail. rail fastening.
  • the shape of the rail support element produced by the implementation of one or the other of the processes presented above, is interesting, especially for the realization of turfed railroad tracks. Indeed, such a support element may be covered with a relatively thick layer of soil, which thus promotes good rooting of the grass and increased resistance of the turf layer.
  • the invention aims to overcome the aforementioned problems.
  • the subject of the invention is a method for manufacturing a rail support element, characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps: arranging longitudinal reinforcement on a prepared support structure, on the one hand and on the other. another of a layout of the railway; have transverse reinforcement on the prepared support structure, between the longitudinal reinforcement; arranging reserve forms on the prepared support structure, between the longitudinal reinforcement on the one hand and between two successive transverse reinforcement on the other hand; pouring a concrete so as to cover the reinforcement placed on the ground; by means of a slippery formwork machine, conforming the cast concrete according to a predetermined profile so that the rail support element produced has right and left longitudinal members and transverse jambs for securing the right and left longitudinal members between they; and, remove the reserve forms.
  • the invention also relates to a rail support element obtained by the implementation of the preceding method and which comprises, between the right and left sills and between two successive transverse legs, a recess, preferably through.
  • the invention also relates to a railway comprising a rail support element in accordance with the previous element.
  • the rail support element 10 comprises, on either side of a line C of the railway, a left sill 11 and a right sill 12.
  • the left sill 11 has a lower face 21 in contact with a support structure 8 resting on the ground 9 ( figure 3 ), an outer lateral face 22 an inner lateral face 24 and an upper face 23.
  • the support structure is directly the floor 9.
  • the right sill 12 has a lower face 25 in contact with the support structure 8, an outer lateral face 26 an inner lateral face 28 and an upper face 27.
  • each of the longitudinal members, 11, 12 comprises a plurality of saddles 30.
  • a saddle is a base, plastic or metal, having anchoring rods sealed in the concrete of the longitudinal members.
  • Fasteners 31 fixed to the base allow to maintain in position a rail 32.
  • Flanges and fasteners constitute a rail fastening system. This is schematically represented on the figure 3 .
  • the rail support element 10 comprises transverse legs 14 for securing the right and left longitudinal members, 11, 12, which constitute stiffeners, so as to prevent the right and left sill rails from moving apart from one another. other under the effect of efforts, especially the passage of trams, especially in curves.
  • the transverse legs 14 are arranged at substantially regular intervals, for example every 1.5 m in straight alignment and every 1.2 m in curve.
  • a transverse jamb 14 has a lower face 31 in contact with the support structure 8, an upstream lateral face 32, a downstream lateral face 34 and an upper face 33.
  • the upstream and downstream qualifiers relate to the direction of movement of the vehicles on the track.
  • a jamb 14 has a second height h2 equal to or less than a first height h1 of the longitudinal members, 11, 12. These heights, and more generally the dimensions of the profile of the support member 10 are predetermined in an upstream step in the office study.
  • the first height varies between 20 cm and 40 cm.
  • the rail support element 10 Transversally between the right and left longitudinal members, 11 and 12, and longitudinally between two successive legs 14, the rail support element 10 comprises a recess 16.
  • This recess 16 is preferably through.
  • the railway track 50 comprises, in addition to the rail support element 10, the support structure 8 disposed on the ground 9, a substrate 40 and a grass layer 42 of finishing.
  • the substrate 40 is preferably soil allowing rooting of the grass of the layer 42.
  • the substrate 40 covers the rail support element 10.
  • the thickness e of the substrate 40 above the support structure 8 is, for example, 35 cm.
  • the substrate 40 fills, in particular, the recess 16 between the longitudinal members 11 and 12 and on either side of them. to come in direct contact with the support structure 8.
  • a step 110 the support structure 8 on which the rail support member 10 will be made is realized. It is disposed on the properly prepared soil.
  • the support structure is likely to provide a stable support for the element 10.
  • longitudinal reinforcement intended to reinforce the stringers
  • a longitudinal longitudinal reinforcement and a left longitudinal reinforcement are arranged on either side of the path C of the railway. They are spaced from each other by a distance corresponding to the position of the longitudinal members 11 and 12. If necessary, they are bent to follow the path C.
  • transverse reinforcements intended to reinforce each leg, are placed successively between the two longitudinal reinforcements.
  • Each transverse reinforcement is connected to the longitudinal left and right reinforcement.
  • the distance between two successive transversal reinforcements is locally adapted to the C route.
  • step 140 reserve forms are placed between the longitudinal reinforcement on the one hand and between two successive transverse reinforcement on the other hand.
  • a reserve formwork is parallelepipedic. It has a height equal to the second height h2 transverse legs 14 to achieve. It has a width equal to the distance between the inner faces 24 and 28 of the stringers to achieve. It has a length equal to the distance between the upstream and downstream side faces 32 and 34 facing two successive legs 14.
  • Two successive forms are spaced apart from each other so as to provide an interval corresponding to the thickness of a jamb 14 to be made, that is to say to the distance between the upstream and downstream side faces 32 and 34 of the same jamb 14.
  • a transverse reinforcement is housed in this interval.
  • step 150 a suitable concrete is prepared, then loaded into a slipform machine, suitable for moving along the track C of the railway track 50, above the reinforcement and formwork installed on the structure of support, so as to realize, in a single pass, automatically and continuously the rail support element 10.
  • a sub-step 152 the machine pours the concrete so as to produce a continuous slab covering the longitudinal reinforcement.
  • the formwork of which the machine is provided conform the slab.
  • the concrete is distributed and smoothed so as to give the slab the predetermined profile, corresponding to the end section visible on the figure 2 .
  • the machine comprises first right and left formwork to form the upper faces and the outer lateral faces of the right and left sills; and a second central formwork for shaping the upper faces of the legs and said portions of each of the inner side faces of the right and left sills.
  • the height of the slipforms is adjusted before using the machine to profile the fresh concrete slab to the predetermined profile.
  • an automatic saddle insertion machine circulates over the rail support element 10 so as to insert, in predefined positions, the saddles of the saddle. fixing the rails 32.
  • the saddles are inserted into the fresh concrete with a vibratory movement for driving into the concrete, the anchor rods placed under a base of a saddle.
  • the saddle is sealed in position.
  • the insertion position is obtained with great precision.
  • such an automatic saddle insertion machine comprises means allowing, while the saddle to be inserted is driven by a vibratory movement, that the still fresh concrete retains the shape conferred on it in step 150.
  • step 170 the residual concrete present on the reserve forms is cleaned. Then, after a first drying, the reserve forms are removed. The lower portion of the inner side faces of each sill and the upstream and downstream side faces of the legs are then exposed. The support structure 8 on which is disposed the rail support element 10 is updated.
  • step 180 rails 32 are fixed to the saddle 30 by means of fasteners 31 adapted.
  • the railway support element 10 is covered with a substrate 40 chosen according to the nature of the finishing surface layer of the railway track 50.
  • the substrate is made of earth. This is arranged above and on both sides of the rail support element 10.
  • a topcoat 42 is made. It is preferably a turf layer, which is unwound on the substrate 40. The turf layer is arranged to be substantially flush with the upper edge of the rails 32.
  • the turf layer can take root in a large soil thickness, thus ensuring stability of the turf and its resistance over time.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de suport de voie ferrée (10), comportant les étapes consistant à: disposer (120) des ferraillages longitudinaux sur une structure de support préparée, de part et d'autre d'un tracé (C) de la voie ferrée; disposer (130) des ferraillages transversaux sur la structure de support préparée, entre les ferraillages longitudinaux; disposer (140) des coffrages de réserve sur la structure de support préparée, entre les ferraillages longitudinaux d'une part et entre deux ferraillages transversaux successifs d'autre part; couler (152) un béton de manière à recouvrir les ferraillages disposés au sol; au moyen d'une machine à coffrages glissants, conformer (154) le béton coulé selon un profil prédéterminé de manière à ce que l'élément de support de voie ferrée réalisé présente des longrines droite et gauche (11, 12) et des jambages transversaux (14) de solidarisation des longrines droite et gauche entre elles; et, retirer (170) les coffrages de réserve. Un élément de support de voie ferrée comportant, entre les longrines droite et gauche et entre deux jambages transversaux successifs, un évidement, de préférence traversant, est obtenu par la mise en oeuvre du procédé précédent.A method of manufacturing a railroad track element (10), comprising the steps of: arranging (120) longitudinal reinforcement on a prepared support structure, on either side of a track (C) of the railway; disposing (130) transverse reinforcement on the prepared support structure between the longitudinal reinforcement; arranging (140) reserve forms on the prepared support structure, between the longitudinal reinforcement on the one hand and between two successive transverse reinforcement on the other hand; pouring (152) a concrete so as to cover the reinforcement arranged on the ground; using a slip-form machine, conforming (154) the cast concrete to a predetermined profile so that the rail support element produced has right and left longitudinal members (11, 12) and transverse legs (14) securing the right and left sills between them; and, removing (170) the reserve forms. A rail support element comprising, between the right and left sills and between two successive transverse legs, a recess, preferably through, is obtained by the implementation of the preceding method.

Description

L'invention a pour domaine celui des procédés de fabrication d'un élément de support de voie ferrée.The subject of the invention is that of the methods of manufacturing a railway support element.

Le document EP 2 351 884 A1 divulgue un procédé de fabrication d'un élément de support de voie ferrée consistant à disposer côte à côte, sur un sol préparé, une succession de modules préfabriqués en béton.The document EP 2 351 884 A1 discloses a method of manufacturing a rail support member comprising arranging, side by side, on a prepared floor, a succession of prefabricated concrete modules.

Chaque module comporte deux blocs d'extrémité, respectivement gauche et droit, solidarisés l'un à l'autre par deux jambages transversaux.Each module comprises two end blocks, respectively left and right, secured to one another by two transverse jambs.

La surface supérieure de chaque bloc d'extrémité comporte un renfoncement formant un auget.The upper surface of each end block has a recess forming a trough.

Un ferraillage longitudinal est disposé dans chacune des rainures, respectivement gauche et droite, formées par la succession d'augets des blocs d'extrémité, respectivement gauches et droits.A longitudinal reinforcement is disposed in each of the grooves, respectively left and right, formed by the succession of buckets end blocks, respectively left and right.

Des systèmes de fixation de rail sont alors maintenus en position au-dessus des rainures, le temps de couler du béton dans chacune des rainures de manière à réaliser les longrines droite et gauche de support des rails de la voie ferrée. Les systèmes de fixation sont ainsi scellés à la longrine dans leur position finale.Rail fastening systems are then held in position above the grooves, the time of pouring concrete in each of the grooves so as to achieve the right and left rails support the rails of the railway. The fastening systems are thus sealed to the sill in their final position.

La voie ferrée est complétée par la pose des rails sur l'élément de support de voie ainsi réalisé, chaque rail étant fixé à la longrine correspondante par les systèmes de fixation installés.The railway is completed by laying the rails on the track support element thus produced, each rail being fixed to the corresponding sill by the fastening systems installed.

La difficulté de la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé de fabrication réside principalement dans le maintien en position des systèmes de fixation des rails le temps de la prise du béton constituant les longrines de l'élément de support.The difficulty of implementing this manufacturing method lies mainly in maintaining in position the rail fastening systems during the setting of the concrete constituting the stringers of the support member.

De plus, ce procédé prévoit l'approvisionnement sur le chantier de modules préfabriqués, ce qui pose un problème de logistique supplémentaire.In addition, this method provides on-site supply of prefabricated modules, which poses a problem of additional logistics.

Ce procédé ne permet pas de réaliser facilement une voie ferrée présentant des courbes, l'utilisation de modules préfabriqués ne se prêtant pas à ce type de tracés.This method does not make it easy to make a railroad with curves, the use of prefabricated modules not suitable for this type of route.

Enfin, ce procédé de fabrication ne permet de réaliser qu'une section de la voie ferrée à chaque itération. Se pose alors le problème du raccordement des sections successives de l'élément de support ainsi que l'alignement de ces sections.Finally, this manufacturing method only makes it possible to make a section of the railway at each iteration. This raises the problem of connecting the successive sections of the support element and the alignment of these sections.

Le document FR 3 013 062 divulgue un procédé de fabrication d'un élément de support de voie ferrée consistant à approvisionner des coffrages longitudinaux à section en U, rectilignes. Ils sont disposés sur le sol, de part et d'autre du tracé de la voie, pour réaliser les longrines gauche et droite de l'élément de support de la voie ferrée. Des ferraillages sont disposés à l'intérieur des coffrages longitudinaux.The document FR 3 013 062 discloses a method of manufacturing a rail support member for supplying longitudinal section formwork in U, rectilinear. They are placed on the ground, on either side of the route of the track, to realize the left and right sills of the support element of the railway. Reinforcements are placed inside the longitudinal formwork.

Des coffrages transversaux sont également approvisionnés et placés entre les coffrages longitudinaux pour réaliser les jambages transversaux de l'élément de voie ferrée. Des ferraillages sont disposés à l'intérieur des coffrages transversaux.Transverse forms are also supplied and placed between the longitudinal forms to make the transverse jambs of the rail element. Reinforcements are placed inside the transverse formwork.

Dans ce second procédé connu, les systèmes de fixation de rail sont également prépositionnés avant qu'un béton ne soit coulé à l'intérieur les différents coffrages de manière à réaliser l'élément de support de voie ferrée et à sceller en position les systèmes de fixation de rail.In this second known method, the rail fastening systems are also prepositioned before a concrete is poured inside the various forms so as to make the rail support element and seal in position the systems of the rail. rail fastening.

Ce procédé à coffrage perdu présente les mêmes inconvénients que le procédé utilisant des modules préfabriqués. En particulier il est difficile de maintenir en position précise les systèmes de fixation de rail le temps de réaliser les longrines.This lost form process has the same disadvantages as the method using prefabricated modules. In particular it is difficult to maintain in precise position the rail fastening systems time to achieve the stringers.

La forme de l'élément de support de voie ferrée réalisé par la mise en oeuvre de l'un ou l'autre des procédés présentés ci-dessus, est intéressante, notamment pour la réalisation de voies ferrées engazonnées. En effet, un tel élément de support peut être recouvert d'une couche de terre relativement épaisse, qui favorise donc un bon enracinement de l'herbe et une résistance accrue de la couche de gazon.The shape of the rail support element produced by the implementation of one or the other of the processes presented above, is interesting, especially for the realization of turfed railroad tracks. Indeed, such a support element may be covered with a relatively thick layer of soil, which thus promotes good rooting of the grass and increased resistance of the turf layer.

Par ailleurs, la demanderesse a mis au point un dispositif d'insertion automatique de systèmes fixation de rail dans une dalle en béton frais. De tels dispositifs d'insertion automatiques sont par exemple décrits dans les documents EP 0 803 609 et EP 1 178 153 . L'utilisation de ces dispositifs d'insertion automatiques offre la possibilité d'utiliser une machine à coffrages glissants classique pour la réalisation de cette dalle.In addition, the applicant has developed a device for automatically inserting rail fastening systems in a fresh concrete slab. Such automatic insertion devices are for example described in the documents EP 0 803 609 and EP 1 178 153 . The use of these automatic insertion devices offers the possibility of using a conventional slipform machine for producing this slab.

L'invention a pour but de pallier aux problèmes précités.The invention aims to overcome the aforementioned problems.

Pour cela l'invention a pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'un élément de support de voie ferrée, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes successives suivantes : disposer des ferraillages longitudinaux sur une structure de support préparée, de part et d'autre d'un tracé de la voie ferrée ; disposer des ferraillages transversaux sur la structure de support préparée, entre les ferraillages longitudinaux ; disposer des coffrages de réserve sur la structure de support préparée, entre les ferraillages longitudinaux d'une part et entre deux ferraillages transversaux successifs d'autre part ; couler un béton de manière à recouvrir les ferraillages disposés au sol ; au moyen d'une machine à coffrages glissants, conformer le béton coulé selon un profil prédéterminé de manière à ce que l'élément de support de voie ferrée réalisé présente des longrines droite et gauche et des jambages transversaux de solidarisation des longrines droite et gauche entre elles ; et, retirer les coffrages de réserve.For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a method for manufacturing a rail support element, characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps: arranging longitudinal reinforcement on a prepared support structure, on the one hand and on the other. another of a layout of the railway; have transverse reinforcement on the prepared support structure, between the longitudinal reinforcement; arranging reserve forms on the prepared support structure, between the longitudinal reinforcement on the one hand and between two successive transverse reinforcement on the other hand; pouring a concrete so as to cover the reinforcement placed on the ground; by means of a slippery formwork machine, conforming the cast concrete according to a predetermined profile so that the rail support element produced has right and left longitudinal members and transverse jambs for securing the right and left longitudinal members between they; and, remove the reserve forms.

Suivant des modes particuliers de réalisation, le procédé comporte une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises isolément ou suivant toutes les combinaisons techniquement possibles :

  • le procédé comporte une étape initiale consistant à préparer la structure de support sur laquelle est réalisé l'élément de support de voie ferrée.
  • la hauteur d'un coffrage de réserve est égale à la hauteur d'un jambage transversal.
  • le procédé comporte, après avoir conformé le béton coulé au moyen d'une machine à coffrages glissants, une étape consistant à installer des systèmes de fixation de rail dans le béton encore frais, au moyen d'un dispositif d'insertion automatique adapté.
  • le procédé comporte, après l'étape d'installation des systèmes de fixation de rail, une étape consistant à fixer des rails sur les longrines droite et gauche en utilisant les systèmes de fixation de rail installés.
  • le procédé se poursuit par une étape consistant à recouvrir l'élément de support de voie ferrée réalisé au moyen d'un substrat adapté.
  • le substrat étant de la terre, le procédé comporte une étape finale d'installation d'une couche de finition superficielle de gazon.
According to particular embodiments, the method comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken separately or in any technically possible combination:
  • the method comprises an initial step of preparing the support structure on which the rail support member is made.
  • the height of a reserve formwork is equal to the height of a transverse jamb.
  • the method comprises, after forming the cast concrete by means of a slipform machine, a step of installing rail fastening systems in the still fresh concrete, by means of a suitable automatic insertion device.
  • the method comprises, after the step of installing the rail fastening systems, a step of attaching rails to the right and left rails using the installed rail fastening systems.
  • the method is continued by a step of covering the rail support element made by means of a suitable substrate.
  • the substrate being earth, the method comprises a final step of installing a surface finishing layer of turf.

L'invention a également pour objet un élément de support de voie ferrée obtenu par la mise en oeuvre du procédé précédent et qui comportant, entre les longrines droite et gauche et entre deux jambages transversaux successifs, un évidement, de préférence traversant.The invention also relates to a rail support element obtained by the implementation of the preceding method and which comprises, between the right and left sills and between two successive transverse legs, a recess, preferably through.

L'invention a également pour objet une voie ferrée comportant un élément de support de voie ferrée conforme à l'élément précédent.The invention also relates to a railway comprising a rail support element in accordance with the previous element.

L'invention et ses avantages seront mieux compris à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation particulier, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif, cette description étant faite en se référant aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une représentation sous forme de blocs du procédé de fabrication selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une représentation schématique en perspective de l'élément de support de voie ferrée obtenu par la mise en oeuvre du procédé de la figure 1 ; et,
  • la figure 3 est une section transversale d'une voie ferrée engazonnée intégrant l'élément de support de la figure 2.
The invention and its advantages will be better understood on reading the following detailed description of a particular embodiment, given solely by way of nonlimiting example, this description being made with reference to the appended drawings, in which: :
  • the figure 1 is a block representation of the manufacturing method according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 is a schematic representation in perspective of the railway support element obtained by implementing the method of the figure 1 ; and,
  • the figure 3 is a cross section of a grassed railway incorporating the support element of the figure 2 .

Comme représenté sur la figure 2, l'élément de support de voie ferrée 10 comporte, de part et d'autre d'un tracé C de la voie ferrée, une longrine gauche 11 et une longrine droite 12.As shown on the figure 2 , the rail support element 10 comprises, on either side of a line C of the railway, a left sill 11 and a right sill 12.

La longrine gauche 11 comporte une face inférieure 21 en contact avec une structure de support 8 reposant sur le sol 9 (figure 3), une face latérale extérieure 22 une face latérale intérieure 24 et une face supérieure 23.The left sill 11 has a lower face 21 in contact with a support structure 8 resting on the ground 9 ( figure 3 ), an outer lateral face 22 an inner lateral face 24 and an upper face 23.

En variante la structure de support est directement le sol 9.Alternatively the support structure is directly the floor 9.

La longrine droite 12 comporte une face inférieure 25 en contact avec la structure de support 8, une face latérale extérieure 26 une face latérale intérieure 28 et une face supérieure 27.The right sill 12 has a lower face 25 in contact with the support structure 8, an outer lateral face 26 an inner lateral face 28 and an upper face 27.

La face supérieure, 23, 27, de chacune des longrines, 11, 12, comporte une pluralité de selles 30. Une selle est une embase, plastique ou métallique, comportant des tiges d'ancrage scellées dans le béton des longrines. Des attaches 31 fixées sur l'embase permettent de maintenir en position un rail 32. Embases et attaches constituent un système de fixation de rail. Ceci est représenté schématiquement sur la figure 3.The upper face, 23, 27, of each of the longitudinal members, 11, 12, comprises a plurality of saddles 30. A saddle is a base, plastic or metal, having anchoring rods sealed in the concrete of the longitudinal members. Fasteners 31 fixed to the base allow to maintain in position a rail 32. Flanges and fasteners constitute a rail fastening system. This is schematically represented on the figure 3 .

L'élément de support de voie ferrée 10 comporte des jambages transversaux 14 de solidarisation des longrines droite et gauche, 11, 12, qui constituent des raidisseurs, de manière à empêcher que les longrines droite et gauche ne s'écartent l'une de l'autre sous l'effet des efforts, notamment au passage des tramways, en particulier en courbe.The rail support element 10 comprises transverse legs 14 for securing the right and left longitudinal members, 11, 12, which constitute stiffeners, so as to prevent the right and left sill rails from moving apart from one another. other under the effect of efforts, especially the passage of trams, especially in curves.

Les jambages transversaux 14 sont disposés à intervalles sensiblement réguliers, par exemple tous les 1,5 m en alignement droit et tous les 1,2 m en courbe.The transverse legs 14 are arranged at substantially regular intervals, for example every 1.5 m in straight alignment and every 1.2 m in curve.

Un jambage transversal 14 comporte une face inférieure 31 en contact avec la structure de support 8, une face latérale amont 32 une face latérale aval 34 et une face supérieure 33. Les qualificatifs d'amont et d'aval sont relatifs au sens de circulation des véhicules sur la voie.A transverse jamb 14 has a lower face 31 in contact with the support structure 8, an upstream lateral face 32, a downstream lateral face 34 and an upper face 33. The upstream and downstream qualifiers relate to the direction of movement of the vehicles on the track.

Avantageusement, un jambage 14 présente une seconde hauteur h2 égale ou inférieure à une première hauteur h1 des longrines, 11, 12. Ces hauteurs, et plus généralement les dimensions du profil de l'élément de support 10 sont prédéterminées dans une étape amont en bureau d'étude. Par exemple la première hauteur varie entre 20 cm et 40 cm.Advantageously, a jamb 14 has a second height h2 equal to or less than a first height h1 of the longitudinal members, 11, 12. These heights, and more generally the dimensions of the profile of the support member 10 are predetermined in an upstream step in the office study. For example, the first height varies between 20 cm and 40 cm.

Dans le mode de réalisation des figures, les longrines et les jambages reposant directement sur la structure de support 8, de sorte que la face supérieure 33 des jambages 14 sont en retrait par rapport à la face supérieure 23, 27 des longrines 11, 12.In the embodiment of the figures, the longitudinal members and jambs resting directly on the support structure 8, so that the upper face 33 of the legs 14 are set back with respect to the upper face 23, 27 of the longitudinal members 11, 12.

Transversalement entre les longrines droite et gauche, 11 et 12, et longitudinalement entre deux jambages 14 successifs, l'élément de support de voie ferrée 10 comporte un évidement 16.Transversally between the right and left longitudinal members, 11 and 12, and longitudinally between two successive legs 14, the rail support element 10 comprises a recess 16.

Cet évidement 16 est de préférence traversant.This recess 16 is preferably through.

Comme illustré sur la figure 3, la voie ferrée 50 comporte, en plus de l'élément de support de voie ferrée 10, la structure de support 8 disposée sur le sol 9, un substrat 40 et une couche engazonnée 42 de finition.As illustrated on the figure 3 , the railway track 50 comprises, in addition to the rail support element 10, the support structure 8 disposed on the ground 9, a substrate 40 and a grass layer 42 of finishing.

Le substrat 40 est de préférence de la terre permettant un enracinement du gazon de la couche 42.The substrate 40 is preferably soil allowing rooting of the grass of the layer 42.

Le substrat 40 recouvre l'élément de support de voie ferrée 10.The substrate 40 covers the rail support element 10.

L'épaisseur e du substrat 40 au-dessus de la structure de support 8 est par exemple de 35 cm Le substrat 40 remplit notamment l'évidement 16 entre les longrines 11 et 12 et de part et d'autre de celles-ci de manière à venir en contact direct avec la structure de support 8.The thickness e of the substrate 40 above the support structure 8 is, for example, 35 cm. The substrate 40 fills, in particular, the recess 16 between the longitudinal members 11 and 12 and on either side of them. to come in direct contact with the support structure 8.

En se référant à la figure 1, le procédé 100 de fabrication de l'élément de support de voie ferrée 10 de la figure 2 va être présenté.Referring to the figure 1 , the method 100 for manufacturing the rail support element 10 of the figure 2 will be presented.

Dans une étape 110, la structure de support 8 sur laquelle l'élément de support de voie ferrée 10 va être réalisé est réalisée. Elle est disposée sur le sol 9 convenablement préparé.In a step 110, the support structure 8 on which the rail support member 10 will be made is realized. It is disposed on the properly prepared soil.

La structure de support est de nature à offrir un support stable pour l'élément 10.The support structure is likely to provide a stable support for the element 10.

Puis, dans une étape 120, des ferraillages longitudinaux, destinés à renforcer les longrines, sont disposés sur la structure de support 8. Un ferraillage longitudinal droit et un ferraillage longitudinal gauche, identiques entre eux, sont disposés de part et d'autre du tracé C de la voie ferrée. Ils sont écartés l'un de l'autre d'une distance correspondant à la position des longrines 11 et 12. Si nécessaire, ils sont courbés pour suivre le tracé C.Then, in a step 120, longitudinal reinforcement, intended to reinforce the stringers, are arranged on the support structure 8. A longitudinal longitudinal reinforcement and a left longitudinal reinforcement, identical to each other, are arranged on either side of the path C of the railway. They are spaced from each other by a distance corresponding to the position of the longitudinal members 11 and 12. If necessary, they are bent to follow the path C.

Puis, à l'étape 130, des ferraillages transversaux, destinés à renforcer chaque jambage, sont placés successivement entre les deux ferraillages longitudinaux. Chaque ferraillage transversal est connecté aux ferraillages longitudinaux gauche et droit. La distance entre deux ferraillages transversaux successifs est adaptée localement au tracé C.Then, in step 130, transverse reinforcements, intended to reinforce each leg, are placed successively between the two longitudinal reinforcements. Each transverse reinforcement is connected to the longitudinal left and right reinforcement. The distance between two successive transversal reinforcements is locally adapted to the C route.

A l'étape 140, des coffrages de réserve sont placés entre les ferraillages longitudinaux d'une part et entre deux ferraillages transversaux successifs d'autre part. Un coffrage de réserve est de forme parallélépipédique. Il présente une hauteur égale à la seconde hauteur h2 des jambages transversaux 14 à réaliser. Il présente une largeur égale à la distance entre les faces intérieures 24 et 28 des longrines à réaliser. Il présente une longueur égale à la distance entre les faces latérales amont et aval 32 et 34 en regard de deux jambages 14 successifs.In step 140, reserve forms are placed between the longitudinal reinforcement on the one hand and between two successive transverse reinforcement on the other hand. A reserve formwork is parallelepipedic. It has a height equal to the second height h2 transverse legs 14 to achieve. It has a width equal to the distance between the inner faces 24 and 28 of the stringers to achieve. It has a length equal to the distance between the upstream and downstream side faces 32 and 34 facing two successive legs 14.

Deux coffrages successifs sont écartés l'un de l'autre de manière à ménager un intervalle correspondant à l'épaisseur d'un jambage 14 à réaliser, c'est-à-dire à la distance entre les faces latérales amont et aval 32 et 34 d'un même jambage 14. Un ferraillage transversal est logé dans cet intervalle.Two successive forms are spaced apart from each other so as to provide an interval corresponding to the thickness of a jamb 14 to be made, that is to say to the distance between the upstream and downstream side faces 32 and 34 of the same jamb 14. A transverse reinforcement is housed in this interval.

A l'étape 150, un béton adapté est préparé, puis chargé dans une machine à coffrages glissants, propre à se déplacer le long du tracé C de la voie ferrée 50, au-dessus des ferraillages et coffrages de réserve installés sur la structure de support, de manière à réaliser, en une unique passe, automatiquement et en continu l'élément de support de voie ferrée 10.In step 150, a suitable concrete is prepared, then loaded into a slipform machine, suitable for moving along the track C of the railway track 50, above the reinforcement and formwork installed on the structure of support, so as to realize, in a single pass, automatically and continuously the rail support element 10.

Dans une sous-étape 152, la machine déverse le béton de manière à réaliser une dalle continue recouvrant les ferraillages longitudinaux.In a sub-step 152, the machine pours the concrete so as to produce a continuous slab covering the longitudinal reinforcement.

Puis, dans une sous-étape 154, au cours du déplacement de la machine, les coffrages dont est munie la machine conforment la dalle. Le béton est réparti et lissé de manière à conférer à la dalle le profil prédéterminé, correspondant à la section d'extrémité visible sur la figure 2.Then, in a substep 154, during the movement of the machine, the formwork of which the machine is provided conform the slab. The concrete is distributed and smoothed so as to give the slab the predetermined profile, corresponding to the end section visible on the figure 2 .

Plus précisément, ces coffrages permettent de réaliser :

  • les faces latérales extérieures, 22, 26, et supérieures, 23, 27 des longrines droite et gauche ;
  • les faces supérieures 33 des jambages transversaux 14 ; et,
  • la portion de chacune des faces latérales intérieures 24, 28 des longrines droite et gauche, portion s'étendant entre la face supérieure 33 des jambages 14 et la face supérieure 23, 27 des longrines 11, 12.
More specifically, these forms make it possible to carry out:
  • the outer lateral faces, 22, 26, and upper, 23, 27 of the right and left sills;
  • the upper faces 33 transverse legs 14; and,
  • the portion of each of the inner lateral faces 24, 28 of the right and left longitudinal members, portion extending between the upper face 33 of the legs 14 and the upper face 23, 27 of the longitudinal members 11, 12.

Par exemple, la machine comporte des premiers coffrages droite et gauche pour conformer les faces supérieures et les faces latérales extérieures des longrines droite et gauche ; et un second coffrage central pour conformer les faces supérieures des jambages et lesdites portions de chacune des faces latérales intérieures des longrines droite et gauche. La hauteur des coffrages glissants est ajustée avant d'utiliser la machine pour profiler la dalle de béton frais selon le profil prédéterminé.For example, the machine comprises first right and left formwork to form the upper faces and the outer lateral faces of the right and left sills; and a second central formwork for shaping the upper faces of the legs and said portions of each of the inner side faces of the right and left sills. The height of the slipforms is adjusted before using the machine to profile the fresh concrete slab to the predetermined profile.

Ainsi, à l'issue du passage de la machine à coffrages glissants, la surface des coffrages de réserve est visible.Thus, at the end of the passage of the sliding formwork machine, the surface of the reserve forms is visible.

A l'étape suivante 160, alors que le béton est encore frais, une machine d'insertion automatique de selles circule au-dessus de l'élément de support de voie ferrée 10 de manière à insérer, en des positions prédéfinies, les selles de fixation des rails 32. De manière connue, les selles sont insérées dans le béton frais avec un mouvement vibratoire permettant d'enfoncer dans le béton, les tiges d'ancrage placées sous une embase d'une selle.In the next step 160, while the concrete is still fresh, an automatic saddle insertion machine circulates over the rail support element 10 so as to insert, in predefined positions, the saddles of the saddle. fixing the rails 32. In known manner, the saddles are inserted into the fresh concrete with a vibratory movement for driving into the concrete, the anchor rods placed under a base of a saddle.

Une fois le béton pris et sec, la selle est scellée en position. La position d'insertion est obtenue avec une grande précision.Once the concrete is set and dry, the saddle is sealed in position. The insertion position is obtained with great precision.

De préférence, une telle machine d'insertion automatique de selles comporte des moyens permettant, alors que la selle à insérer est animée d'un mouvement vibratoire, que le béton encore frais conserve la forme qui lui a été conférée à l'étape 150.Preferably, such an automatic saddle insertion machine comprises means allowing, while the saddle to be inserted is driven by a vibratory movement, that the still fresh concrete retains the shape conferred on it in step 150.

A l'issue de l'étape d'insertion des selles, à l'étape 170, le béton résiduel présent sur les coffrages de réserve est nettoyé. Puis, après un premier séchage, les coffrages de réserve sont retirés. La portion inférieure des faces latérales intérieures de chaque longrine et les faces latérales amont et aval des jambages sont alors exposées. La structure de support 8 sur laquelle est disposé l'élément de support de voie ferrée 10 est mise à jour.At the end of the saddle insertion step, in step 170, the residual concrete present on the reserve forms is cleaned. Then, after a first drying, the reserve forms are removed. The lower portion of the inner side faces of each sill and the upstream and downstream side faces of the legs are then exposed. The support structure 8 on which is disposed the rail support element 10 is updated.

A l'étape 180, des rails 32 sont fixés sur les selles 30 au moyen d'attaches 31 adaptées.In step 180, rails 32 are fixed to the saddle 30 by means of fasteners 31 adapted.

A l'étape 190, l'élément de support de voie ferrée 10 est recouvert d'un substrat 40 choisi en fonction de la nature de la couche superficielle de finition de la voie ferrée 50. De préférence, le substrat est constitué de terre. Celle-ci est disposée au-dessus et de part et d'autre de l'élément de support de voie ferrée 10.In step 190, the railway support element 10 is covered with a substrate 40 chosen according to the nature of the finishing surface layer of the railway track 50. Preferably, the substrate is made of earth. This is arranged above and on both sides of the rail support element 10.

A l'étape 200, une couche de finition 42 est réalisée. Il s'agit de préférence d'une couche de gazon, qui est déroulée sur le substrat 40. La couche engazonnée est disposée de manière à être sensiblement affleurante à l'arête supérieure des rails 32.In step 200, a topcoat 42 is made. It is preferably a turf layer, which is unwound on the substrate 40. The turf layer is arranged to be substantially flush with the upper edge of the rails 32.

Ainsi, comme le reconnaîtra l'homme du métier, la couche de gazon peut prendre racine dans une épaisseur de terre importante, garantissant ainsi la stabilité du gazon et sa résistance au cours du temps.Thus, as will be recognized by those skilled in the art, the turf layer can take root in a large soil thickness, thus ensuring stability of the turf and its resistance over time.

Claims (9)

Procédé (100) de fabrication d'un élément de support de voie ferrée (10), caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes successives suivantes : - disposer (120) des ferraillages longitudinaux sur une structure de support préparée, de part et d'autre d'un tracé (C) de la voie ferrée ; - disposer (130) des ferraillages transversaux sur la structure de support préparée, entre les ferraillages longitudinaux ; - disposer (140) des coffrages de réserve sur la structure de support préparée, entre les ferraillages longitudinaux d'une part et entre deux ferraillages transversaux successifs d'autre part ; - couler (152) un béton de manière à recouvrir les ferraillages disposés au sol ; - au moyen d'une machine à coffrages glissants, conformer (154) le béton coulé selon un profil (P) prédéterminé de manière à ce que l'élément de support de voie ferrée réalisé présente des longrines droite et gauche (11, 12) et des jambages transversaux (14) de solidarisation des longrines droite et gauche entre elles ; et, - retirer (170) les coffrages de réserve. Method (100) for manufacturing a railway support element (10), characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps: - Laying (120) longitudinal reinforcement on a prepared support structure, on either side of a path (C) of the railway; - Have (130) transverse reinforcement on the prepared support structure, between the longitudinal reinforcement; - Laying (140) reserve forms on the prepared support structure, between the longitudinal reinforcement on the one hand and between two successive transverse reinforcement on the other hand; - Pour (152) a concrete so as to cover the reinforcement arranged on the ground; - by means of a slip-form machine, conforming (154) the cast concrete to a predetermined profile (P) so that the realized rail support element has right and left longitudinal members (11, 12) and transverse jambs (14) for securing the right and left stringers together; and, - remove (170) the reserve forms. Procédé selon la revendication 1, comportant une étape (110) initiale consistant à préparer la structure de support sur laquelle est réalisé l'élément de support de voie ferrée (10).A method according to claim 1, comprising an initial step (110) of preparing the support structure on which the track support member (10) is made. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une hauteur d'un coffrage de réserve est égale à une hauteur (h2) d'un jambage transversal (14).Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a height of a reserve formwork is equal to a height (h2) of a transverse leg (14). Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant, après avoir conformé le béton coulé au moyen d'une machine à coffrages glissants, une étape (160) consistant à installer des systèmes de fixation de rail dans le béton encore frais, au moyen d'un dispositif d'insertion automatique adapté.A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, including, after shaping the poured concrete by means of a slipform machine, a step (160) of installing rail fastening systems into the still fresh concrete by means of a suitable automatic insertion device. Procédé selon la revendication 4, comportant, après l'étape (160) d'installation des systèmes de fixation de rail, une étape (180) consistant à fixer des rails (32) sur les longrines droite et gauche (11, 12) en utilisant les systèmes de fixation de rail installés.A method according to claim 4 including, after the step (160) of installing the rail fastening systems, a step (180) of securing rails (32) on the right and left sill rails (11, 12) in using the installed rail fastening systems. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le procédé se poursuit par une étape (190) consistant à recouvrir l'élément de support de voie ferrée (10) réalisé au moyen d'un substrat (40) adapté.A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method continues with a step (190) of covering the track support member (10) made by means of a suitable substrate (40). Procédé selon la revendication 6, dans lequel, le substrat (40) étant de la terre, le procédé comporte une étape (200) finale d'installation d'une couche de finition (42) superficielle de gazon.The method of claim 6, wherein, the substrate (40) being earth, the method comprises a final step (200) of installing a top layer (42) superficial turf. Elément de support de voie ferrée (10), caractérisé en ce qu'il résulte de la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé (100) de fabrication conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes et comporte entre les longrines droite et gauche (11, 12) et entre deux jambages transversaux (14) successifs, un évidement (16), de préférence traversant.Railroad support element (10), characterized in that it results from the implementation of a manufacturing method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims and comprises between the right and left longitudinal members (11). , 12) and between two transverse legs (14) in succession, a recess (16), preferably through. Voie ferrée (50) engazonnée, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un élément de support de voie ferrée (10) conforme à la revendication 8.Grassed railway track (50), characterized in that it comprises a railway support element (10) according to claim 8.
EP17207253.0A 2016-12-14 2017-12-14 Method for manufacturing a track support element, track support element obtained through said method and railway track comprising said element Active EP3336249B1 (en)

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FR1662452A FR3060036B1 (en) 2016-12-14 2016-12-14 METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A SUPPORT MEMBER OF A RAILWAY; RAILWAY SUPPORT ELEMENT OBTAINED BY CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD AND RAILWAY COMPRISING THIS ELEMENT

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US872831A (en) * 1907-01-19 1907-12-03 Matthias R Longacre Railway.
FR2936819A1 (en) * 2008-10-06 2010-04-09 Stradal CONCRETE CROSSING FOR RAILWAY IN URBAN AREA, WHICH MAY INCORPORATE A VEGETABLE COATING.
FR3013062A1 (en) * 2013-11-08 2015-05-15 Eiffage Rail ARMED CONCRETE SUPPORT STRUCTURE FOR RAILWAY AND METHOD OF OBTAINING

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US872831A (en) * 1907-01-19 1907-12-03 Matthias R Longacre Railway.
FR2936819A1 (en) * 2008-10-06 2010-04-09 Stradal CONCRETE CROSSING FOR RAILWAY IN URBAN AREA, WHICH MAY INCORPORATE A VEGETABLE COATING.
FR3013062A1 (en) * 2013-11-08 2015-05-15 Eiffage Rail ARMED CONCRETE SUPPORT STRUCTURE FOR RAILWAY AND METHOD OF OBTAINING

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DK3336249T3 (en) 2019-08-05
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FR3060036B1 (en) 2019-05-24
ES2741844T3 (en) 2020-02-12

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