EP3327219B1 - Shuttering panel for concrete formworks - Google Patents

Description

• Eine im wesentlichen aus Kunststoff bestehende Tragstruktur; und
• eine gesonderte Schalhaut, die von einem einzigen Schalhautelement im Wesentlichen aus Kunststoff oder von mehreren Schalhautelementen jeweils im Wesentlichen aus Kunststoff gebildet ist;
• wobei die Schalhaut lösbar mit der Tragstruktur verbunden ist;
• dadurch gekennzeichnet,
• dass die Tragstruktur im wesentlichen als Gitterrost mit Längs-Randwänden, Quer-Randwänden, Längs-Zwischenwänden, Quer-Zwischenwänden, sowie zwischen den Wänden mit Öffnungen, die sowohl zur Vorderseite der Tragstruktur hin als auch zur Rückseite der Tragstruktur hin offen sind, ausgebildet ist;
• und dass es mindestens bei einem Schalhautelement Stellen formschlüssigen Weiblich/männlich-Eingriffs mit der Tragstruktur gibt, der durch eine Aufnahme, die an einer Kreuzungsstelle zweier Zwischenwände oder an einer Einmündungs stelle einer Zwischenwand in eine Randwand oder einer Übergangsstelle zweier Randwände in der Tragstruktur geformt ist, und einen Fortsatz, der an dem genannten Schalhautelement angeformt und mit der Aufnahme in Eingriff ist, gebildet ist, so dass etwaige Schubkräfte, die parallel zur Schalhautvorderseite wirken, zwischen dem betreffenden Schalhautelement und der Tragstruktur übertragen werden.

The invention relates to a formwork panel for concreting formwork, which comprises:

• A substantially plastic support structure; and
• a separate formwork skin, which is formed by a single formwork shell element substantially of plastic or of several formwork skin elements, each substantially made of plastic;
• wherein the formwork is releasably connected to the support structure;
• characterized,
• that the support structure substantially as a grid with longitudinal edge walls, transverse edge walls, longitudinal intermediate walls, transverse partitions, and between the walls with openings, which are open both to the front of the support structure and towards the back of the support structure is formed ;
• and that there are at least in a formwork skin points form-fitting female / male engagement with the support structure, which is formed by a receptacle which at an intersection of two intermediate walls or at a confluence point an intermediate wall in an edge wall or a transition point of two edge walls in the support structure , and an extension, which is integrally formed on the said formwork element and with the receptacle is formed, is formed, so that any shear forces acting parallel to the formwork front side, between the respective formwork skin element and the support structure are transmitted.

The support structure may be a uniform plastic molded part. The single or the respective formwork skin element may be a uniform plastic molded part. It is good if the relevant extension sits substantially laterally backlash in the respective recording.

Formwork panels for concreting formwork are known in many designs.

It makes sense to distinguish the categories "monolithic formwork panel" and "composite formwork panels". Monolithic formwork panels are uniform structures made of the same material throughout. So you know, for example, monolithic formwork panels made of aluminum, monolithic plastic formwork panels, and monolithic formwork panels of a welded steel construction.

Composite formwork panels usually consist of a support grid (frame) and a formwork skin, which is attached to one side of the support grid on this. The support grate is the main component of the formwork panel, with support grids being made of wooden girders, steel girders or aluminum girders. The formlining is usually short-lived as the support grid and is replaced in particular due to wear, damage or fatigue after a certain number of applications of the formwork panel. Common is the attachment of the formwork to the support grid by means of screws or rivets. In known composite formwork panels, the formwork skin is usually made of multi-layer plywood; But one also knows Schalhäute that are designed as composite construction plywood layers / plastic layer or aluminum layer / plastic layers or glass fiber mats / plastic layers.

Formwork panels for concreting formwork with the features that are in the first paragraph of the description before the words "characterized" are in the case of a formwork skin of a single formwork shell element of the US 4 150 808 A and the JP H07 171886 A known. From the KR 2004 0021388 A is a formwork panel for concreting shells known which has a support structure and a separate, connected to the support structure formwork. Both the support structure and the formwork are made in composite construction of plastic and plate-like metal reinforcements. From the DE 10 2011 016120 A1 For example, a formwork panel for concreting formwork is known, which has a support structure constructed from metal profile struts and a separate plastic formwork that is detachably connected to the support structure. In the formwork panels of KR 2004 0021388 A and the DE 10 2011 016120 A1 the support structure is constructed with walls and through openings between the walls. All these known formwork panels have no molded-on extensions on the formwork, which are engaged with recordings at intersections / points of entry / transition points of two walls of the support structure.

In the case of the assembled formwork panel according to the invention, both the support structure consisting essentially of plastic and the single formwork skin element or the plurality of formwork skin elements are each essentially made of plastic. The support structure may consist entirely of plastic. The only formwork skin element or the plurality of formwork skin elements in each case can completely Plastic exist. In the support structure, it is good to use fiber reinforced plastic, with "short fibers", ie in the conceptual use of this application fibers having an average length equal to or less than 1 mm, or with "long fibers", ie in the conceptual use of this application fibers with average length of more than 1 mm (fibers with an average length of several millimeters are quite possible) can be worked. In the single formwork skin element or the several formwork skin elements it is good to use plastic which is reinforced by means of "short fibers" and / or mineral particles, for example calcium carbonate, talc, or other known particles. Both in the support structure and in the formwork can also be used with other reinforcing agents.

The term "separate" in the first paragraph of the description is intended to express that the support structure and the sole formwork element or the plurality of formwork elements have been made individually and then have been joined together to the formwork panel. Embodiments below will make it even clearer that due to the separate production of the support structure, ways of designing this region of the formwork panel are provided, with which a support structure and thus a total of a formwork panel can be represented, which has a substantially higher strength than e.g. a monolithic plastic chalkboard.

The term "releasable" used in the first paragraph of the description (one could alternatively also define as "removable") means that a connection type is used which makes it possible to remove the single formwork skin element or the several formwork skin elements from the support structure in each case. Preferably, the removal should be possible with little effort. Preferably, the freed from the formwork support structure should continue to be used by attaching a new single formwork element or several new formwork skin elements to her. The only formwork skin element removed from the support structure or the several formwork skin elements removed from the support structure can each be easily recycled, since they are at least essentially of the same material.

The formwork panel according to the invention can be designed such that the front side of the formwork skin, ie the shell skin surface coming into contact with the mushy concrete during use of the formwork panel, is free from the presence of formwork panel components associated with the bonding of the formwork shell to the support structure do have. In fact, if such Schaltafelbestandteile would be present on the front of the formwork, they would be apparent in the finished concrete, which would like to avoid in the formwork panel according to the invention. In other words, the connectedness of the formwork with the support structure is conveniently only on the back of the formwork skin instead. If you z. B. screws used to connect the formwork skin with the support structure, it is good to make the training so that the screws are screwed from the back of the panel.

The term 'substantially plastic' used in the first paragraph of the description in three passages has been chosen to avoid the risk that the input of other materials, for example, cast in the plastic, as measured by the total volume of the load-bearing structure or formlining, may be reduced Metal pins or metallic reinforcing corners, could cause such formwork panels fall outside the scope of claim 1.

As already mentioned above, the formwork of a formwork panel is subject to aging. There is wear during the pouring or pouring of concrete slurry and when stripping the solidified concrete; there is a certain fatigue of the material due to the changing load (load by the concrete pressure / discharge during stripping); and during transport to the construction site, during transport on the construction site, during handling, etc. experience has shown that it is always damaged. Therefore, the formwork has to be replaced after a certain number of application of the formwork panel, and due to the inventive construction of the formwork panel this is particularly easily possible.

1. (1) Wenn man sich eine Gewichtsgrenze von 25 kg für die Schaltafel setzt, damit sie problemlos von Hand versetzt werden kann, sind dennoch hinreichend große Schaltafeln darstellbar, um Schalungen rationell aufbauen und abbauen zu können.
2. (2) Die erfindungsgemäße Schaltafel kann für einen Betondruck bis 40 kN/m² ausgelegt werden, bei mehr Materialeinsatz auch für einen Betondruck bis 50 kN/m² oder bis 60 kN/m². Die Schaltafel kann so ausgelegt werden, dass sie sich unter dem maximalen Auslegungs-Betondruck nicht stärker durchbiegt als nach DIN 18202 zugelassen, die nach Ebenheitsklassen für unterschiedliche Betonerzeugnisse unterscheidet. Eine nur kleine Durchbiegung der Schaltafel stellt sicher, dass ein möglichst ebenes Betonbild am Gesamt-Betonerzeugnis erreicht wird.
3. (3) Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltafel kann die Kunststoff-Schalhaut abriebfest, kratzfest und schlagfest ausgebildet sein. Es gibt keine Probleme mit der Wasseraufnahme. Die Schalhaut löst sich beim Ausschalen leicht vom Beton.
4. (4) Die erfindungsgemäße Schaltafel hat optimale Voraussetzungen dafür, dass benachbarte Schaltafeln mit ausreichend fluchtenden Vorderseiten in gemeinsamer Ebene und guter dicht-an-dichter Positionierung (wenig Durchtritt von Betonschlempe) angeordnet werden können.
5. (5) Kunststoff ist preisgünstiger und einfacher zu verarbeiten und dauerhafter als viele andere Materialien.
6. (6) Auf die einfache Austauschbarkeit der Schalhaut und das Nichtsichtbarsein von Abdrücken von Teilen von Verbindungselementen Schalhaut/Tragstruktur ist weiter oben bereits hingewiesen worden.

The formwork panel according to the invention provides a significant number of advantages in combination:

1. (1) If one sets a weight limit of 25 kg for the formwork board, so that it can be easily moved by hand, nevertheless sufficiently large formwork panels can be displayed in order to construct formwork efficiently and dismantle can.
2. (2) The formwork panel according to the invention can be designed for a concrete pressure of up to 40 kN / m ² , with more use of material also for a concrete pressure of up to 50 kN / m ² or up to 60 kN / m ² . The formwork panel can be designed so that it does not deflect more than the maximum design concrete pressure as compared to DIN 18202, which distinguishes between flatness classes for different concrete products. Only a small deflection of the formwork panel ensures that a concrete surface as even as possible is achieved on the entire concrete product.
3. (3) In the formwork panel according to the invention, the plastic formwork skin can be made abrasion-resistant, scratch-resistant and impact-resistant. There are no problems with water absorption. The formwork is easily detached from the concrete during stripping.
4. (4) The formwork panel according to the invention has optimal conditions for that adjacent formwork panels with sufficiently aligned front sides in a common plane and good close-to-dense positioning (little passage of concrete vat) can be arranged.
5. (5) Plastic is cheaper and easier to process and more durable than many other materials.
6. (6) The simple interchangeability of the formwork skin and the Nichtsichtbarsein of impressions of parts of fasteners formwork / support structure has already been pointed out above.

A whole range of plastic molding processes can be used in the production of the support structure and / or the formwork elements. Plastic injection molding, plastic die casting ("compression molding", introduction of plastic granules or even plate-like precursors or so-called preforms into a divided mold, heating of the mold to melt the plastic or for thermal curing) are well suited the plastic, cooling the mold to set thermoplastic), thermoforming (a thermoplastic sheet or sheet is heated and pressed into a cooled mold or vacuum) and called plastic extrusion.

The support structure is a component with a comparatively complicated shape. It is particularly favorable to carry out the support structure as - essentially or wholly - an integral injection-molded component made of plastic. The exemplary embodiments described below will make it even clearer that it is possible, especially in the case of an injection-molded component, to achieve a shape of the support structure which is responsible for the load absorption, the durability and the appearance the support structure is favorable. It is expressly pointed out that it is detectable on the finished component, if it is an injection-molded component, in particular on the relatively small wall thickness, the relatively small radii, the finely modeled shape, the sprues, etc. The support structure may be an injection molded component, from which Shape one can conclude that it has actually been molded by injection molding.

It is alternatively favorable if the support structure is-substantially or wholly-an integral die-cast component made of plastic. The support structure may be a die-cast component which may be inferred to be molded by plastic die casting.

It is favorable if at least one formwork skin element is present which is-substantially or wholly-an integral injection-molded plastic component. This formwork skin element may be a component in which one can deduce from the shape that it has been produced by injection molding. The formwork skin element or the formwork skin elements are components which generally have a less complicated shape than the supporting structure.

Furthermore, it is alternatively advantageous if at least one formwork skin element is present, which is - substantially or wholly - an integral die-cast component made of plastic. This formwork skin element may be a component in which it can be concluded from the shape that it has been produced by die casting of plastic.

Frequently, the relevant formwork skin element is substantially plate-like with molded extensions for specific purposes, as will be explained in more detail below, but may have their own stiffening ribs to reduce local formwork deflection.

1. (1) Die Tragstruktur kann ein integrales Gebilde sein, das die genannten Wände aufweist oder mindestens im Wesentlichen aus den genannten Wänden besteht. Wenn man die Schaltafel betrachtet, welche die Tragstruktur und damit verbunden das mindestens eine Schalhautelement beinhaltet, können die Wände eine rechtwinklig zu der Schalhautvorderseite verlaufende "Höhenerstreckung" und eine entlang der Schalhautrückseite verlaufende "Längserstreckung" und eine rechtwinklig zu ihrer "Längserstreckung" gemessene Wanddicke haben. Die rechtwinklig zu der Schalhautvorderseite gemessene Wandhöhe kann, muss aber nicht, überall gleich sein. Die Längserstreckung kann unter Anderem geradlinig, abschnittsweise geradlinig mit Abwinklungen dazwischen, durchgehend gekrümmt, oder abschnittsweise gekrümmt verlaufen. Das Wände aufweisende oder mindestens im Wesentlichen aus Wänden bestehende Gebilde kann vier Randwände (das sind die den vier Rändern der Schaltafel am nächsten benachbarten Wände) sowie eine oder mehrere Zwischenwände, die den Rändern der Schaltafel weniger nah benachbart sind, aufweisen. Außer den Wänden kann die Tragstruktur weitere Materialbereiche aufweisen, insbesondere plattenartige, an der Rückseite der Tragstruktur verlaufende Materialbereiche.
2. (2) Die Tragstruktur kann eine Doppelwand oder mehrere Doppelwände aufweisen, deren zwei (Teil-)Wände an der Rückseite (das ist die von der Schalhaut entferntere Seite) der Tragstruktur (jeweils) entweder mindestens im Wesentlichen über die Länge der Doppelwand durchgängig durch einen Materialbereich oder abschnittsweise durch einzelne Materialbereiche miteinander verbunden sind, oder zum überwiegenden Teil aus derartigen Doppelwänden bestehen, oder insgesamt mindestens im Wesentlichen aus derartigen Doppelwänden bestehen. Die Ausführungen im vorhergehenden Absatz (1) zu der Wand-Höhenerstreckung, der Wandhöhe, der Wand-Längserstreckung und der Wanddicke gelten sinngemäß auch für jede der betreffenden zwei Teil-Wände und für die betreffende Doppel-wand. Die Ausdrucksweise "mindestens im Wesentlichen durchgängig" soll bedeuten, dass kleinere Unterbrechungen, z.B. für von der Vorderseite zu der Rückseite der Tragstruktur durchgehende Kanäle für den Durchtritt von Spannankern oder für den Durchtritt von mechanischen Verbindungsmitteln für die Tragstruktur/Schalhaut-Verbindung, nichts daran ändern, dass eine "im wesentlichen durchgängige" Verbindung zwischen den zwei Teil-Wänden der betreffenden Doppel-Wand gegeben ist. Die Ausbildung kann so sein, dass sich - im Querschnitt der betreffenden Doppelwand gesehen - eine mindestens im Wesentlichen U-förmige Gestalt oder eine weiter unten noch genauer zu beschreibende, im Wesentlichen Hut-förmige Gestalt ergibt, wodurch sich ein besonders günstiges Tragverhalten der Tragstruktur erzielen lässt. An der Vorderseite der Tragstruktur können diese Doppelwände offen sein, so dass sich eine gute Herstellbarkeit ergibt. - Die in Absatz (2) offenbarte Ausbildung kann mit einem oder mehreren der in Absatz (1) offenbarten Merkmale kombiniert sein. Insbesondere wird dabei die Ausbildung mit vier Randwänden und einer oder mehreren Zwischenwänden genannt, wobei entweder eine Teilanzahl der Gesamtheit von Randwänden und Zwischenwand bzw. Zwischenwänden, oder nur eine Teilanzahl der Randwände, oder alle Randwände, und/oder nur eine Teilanzahl der Zwischenwände oder alle Zwischenwände, oder alle Wände der Gesamtheit von Randwänden und Zwischenwand bzw. Zwischenwänden als Doppelwand bzw. Doppelwände der beschriebenen Art ausgebildet sein kann bzw. können.
3. (3) Die Tragstruktur ist so ausgebildet, dass sie von ihrer Vorderseite zu ihrer Rückseite durchgehende Offnungen besitzt. Dieses Merkmal schließt Tragstrukturen aus, die an ihrer Rückseite durchgehend plattenartig gestaltet sind.

Subsequent paragraphs (1), (2) and (3) describe favorable, more concrete ways of carrying out the support structure:

1. (1) The support structure may be an integral structure comprising said walls or at least substantially consisting of said walls. If one looks at the formwork panel, which includes the support structure and associated therewith the at least one formwork panel, the walls may have a perpendicular to the formwork front side extending "vertical extent" and along the formwork back extending "longitudinal extent" and have a perpendicular to their "longitudinal extent" measured wall thickness. The wall height measured at right angles to the formwork front can, but need not, be the same everywhere. The longitudinal extent may, inter alia, be rectilinear, sectionally rectilinear with bends therebetween, continuously curved, or curved in sections. The walled or at least substantially walled structure may have four edge walls (that is, the walls nearest the four edges of the shuttering panel) and one or more intermediate walls that are less closely adjacent the edges of the shuttering panel. In addition to the walls, the support structure may comprise further material regions, in particular plate-like material regions extending on the rear side of the support structure.
2. (2) The support structure may have a double wall or a plurality of double walls whose two (partial) walls at the back (that is, the side removed from the form skin) of the support structure (respectively) either at least substantially over the length of the double wall through a through Material region or sections are interconnected by individual material areas, or consist for the most part of such double walls, or altogether at least substantially consist of such double walls. The statements in the previous paragraph (1) to the wall-height extension, the wall height, the wall-length and the wall thickness apply mutatis mutandis to each of the two partial walls and for the relevant double wall. The expression "at least substantially continuous" is intended to mean that minor interruptions, for example for passing from the front to the back of the support structure channels for the passage of clamping anchors or for the passage of mechanical connection means for the support structure / formwork connection, nothing in that there is a "substantially continuous" connection between the two part walls of the respective double wall. The design can be such that-seen in cross-section of the relevant double wall-an at least substantially U-shaped form or a substantially hat-shaped shape to be described in more detail below results, which results in a particularly favorable load-bearing behavior of the support structure leaves. At the front of the support structure, these double walls can be open, so that there is good manufacturability. - The training disclosed in paragraph (2) may be combined with one or more of the characteristics disclosed in paragraph (1). In particular, the training is called with four edge walls and one or more partitions, where either a part number of the totality of edge walls and intermediate wall or partitions, or only a part number of edge walls, or all edge walls, and / or only a part number of the intermediate walls or all partitions, or all the walls of the entirety of edge walls and intermediate wall or partitions as Double wall or double walls of the type described can be designed or can.
3. (3) The supporting structure is formed so as to have through openings from its front side to its rear side. This feature excludes support structures that are continuous plate-like on their backs.

The openings mentioned in each case favorably have an areal size in plan view which is more than 25 square centimeters, better more than 50 square centimeters, at least for the majority of the openings and is thus larger than for channels leading from the support structure front side to the support structure rear side for others Purposes, eg for the passage of tension anchors or the passage of mechanical fasteners for the support structure / formwork connection. At least a part of said openings may be partially or completely surrounded by a wall as described in paragraph (1) or by a double wall as described in paragraph (2). - The training disclosed in paragraph (3) may be combined with one or more of the characteristics disclosed in paragraph (1) and / or combined with one or more of the characteristics disclosed in paragraph (2).

The support structure is essentially designed as a grid. A grate formation creates optimal conditions for supporting the formwork in relatively small "support distances" by the support structure, so that the formwork, while still sufficient load capacity dimensioned comparatively thin can be. It is convenient if the support distances are everywhere less than 25 cm, more preferably less than 20 cm, and more preferably less than 15 cm. In a particularly favorable embodiment, the walls, ie four edge walls and a significant number of partitions, at least in part (conveniently all) are designed as double walls. It can be provided at least in a part of the double walls (favorably in all double walls) of the intermediate walls that their two (partial) walls at the back (that is the side facing away from the form skin) of the support structure are connected to each other by material areas, so that Seen - in cross-section of the respective double wall - a U-shaped or a shape to be described in more detail below, hat-shaped, resulting in a particularly favorable structural behavior of the support structure can be achieved. At the front of the support structure, these double walls can be open, so that there is good manufacturability.

In the intermediate double walls, the mentioned connectedness of the two partial walls can be designed such that, apart from the channels below to be described perpendicular to the panel front, respectively, the distance spaces between the two part walls are closed at the Schafelrückseite continuously through the material areas to the outside. In the case of the edge double walls, for reasons which will become clearer below, a connection of the two partial walls can be provided in each case by a series of spaced "connecting bridges" both on the front side and on the rear side of the supporting structure.

Particularly favorable types, as in the invention, the formwork skin (ie, the single formwork shell element or the plurality of formwork skin elements respectively) may be connected to the support structure, are: By means of screws and / or rivets and / or clip connections and / or molten extensions of integrally formed connecting pins , The term "clip connections" includes in particular compounds with resilient tongues, of which areas engage behind counter-elements, in the jargon also called Snap-Fit, as well as compounds with everted areas (low: only slightly everted), in invaginated counter areas (low: only slightly inverted) sitting pressed down; see also the embodiments. One of ordinary skill in the art knows how to connect two plastic parts together by means of a releasable adhesive bond. To release the adhesive bond, for example, there is the option of working with selective solvents.

In the context of the invention, it is favorable if at least one formwork skin element has at least one or more integrally formed extensions which have or have a function in the transmission of any tensile forces between the support structure and the relevant formwork skin element (and vice versa, of course). In the formwork panel according to the invention is meant by tensile forces such forces acting at right angles to the formwork front. The tensile forces occur, in particular, when pulling the formwork panel away from the hardened concrete of a manufactured concrete product. The mentioned tensile forces can also be force components of forces that have a different direction altogether. The extension (or the extensions) may in particular be an extension for screwing in a screw. The extension (or the extensions) may in particular be an extension for a previously mentioned "everted region sitting in a recessed region" connection.

By the aforementioned positive interventions an immediate thrust transfer between the support structure and the relevant formwork skin element and vice versa is ensured. In other words: Due to the interlocking interventions, the relevant formwork skin element and the support structure are combined in such a way that they are a, at least largely, jointly supporting structure. In this way you can save on the support structure material.

In the formwork panel according to the invention, in which there are several places each with extension / receiving engagement, it is advantageous if at least a part number of these engagement projections at the same time is an extension or extensions are, the or also a function in the transmission any tensile forces between the support structure and the relevant formwork skin element has or have. In these dual-function extensions so the function of the tensile strength facing element / support structure attachment and the function of the immediate thrust transfer are present at the same place, which also improves the material balance.

On the other hand, it is within the scope of the invention, however, also possible to provide the locations for the detachable connections between the relevant formwork skin element and the support structure and the locations for the immediate thrust transfer capability at different positions, which then has the advantage that it is easier to the detachable connections from the back of the formwork panel easily accessible, which is advantageous for disassembly of the formwork panel for replacing the formwork skin.

In the context of the invention, it is favorable if the plastic of the support structure has a higher strength than the plastic of the single formwork skin element or the plastic or the plastics of the plurality of formwork skin elements. The support structure may be designed to provide most of the overall strength of the formwork panel in the formwork panel, whereas the formwork panel provides only a minor portion of the total strength. In this case, one can afford to let the at least one formwork element consist of a plastic of lesser strength. The plastic of the support structure is conveniently seen before a fiber-reinforced plastic, with particularly favorable possibility glass fibers or carbon fibers and being not only short fibers (less than / equal to 1 mm in length) but also longer fibers z. B. come with a length of several millimeters into consideration. In the case of the aforementioned formwork skin element, it is favorable to provide either a fiber reinforcement with comparatively short fibers or a reinforcement with particles, in particular mineral particles such as calcium carbonate particles and talcum particles. In the aforementioned formwork skin element according to the invention is not maximum strength in the foreground, but good surface quality for good concrete surfaces, good recyclability and low price.

In the context of the invention, it is favorable if the plastic of at least one formwork skin element is selected such that the formwork skin element can be nailed. In formwork panels you have quite often the situation that z. B. block-like parts or bar-like parts (which then recesses or openings, which are also called recesses, molding in concrete) or Abschalwinkel (to form an end edge of the concrete product, which is also called shuttering or Stirnabschalung) wants to nail. The nailability mentioned at the beginning of the paragraph can be defined as the ability to hammer in a nail with a diameter of 3 mm without the formation of visible cracks around the point of impact. In this case, you can pull out the nail later, and the nail hole closes essentially with concrete vat on the next concrete insert and usually remains closed. Plastics that have lower strength than the plastic of the support structure, as described above, can be more easily designed in nailable design. Glass fibers usually complicate the nailability significantly.

In the context of the invention, it is advantageous if the support structure at its two longitudinal sides and / or its two transverse sides in each case wall-like, in particular each double-walled, with a series of wall openings, in particular wall-transverse openings formed. These openings are easy to access when handling the panel and for connecting adjacent formwork panels.

The said wall openings and their surroundings can be designed such that at these points favorable mechanical coupling elements for coupling adjacent formwork panels can be connected and / or formwork accessories, such as directional supports or formwork brackets, can be connected. With the support structure according to the invention, it is possible to provide sufficient stability at these points.

In the context of the invention, it is favorable if the formwork panel in plan view has an area of at least 0.8 m ² , preferably of at least 1.0 m ² . The construction according to the invention makes it possible to provide formwork panels of this size well in concrete pressure absorption capacity of up to 40 kN / m ² , or also up to 50 kN / m ² , or even up to 60 kN / m ² , without being too large Schaltafeldurchbiegungen or too much material use and thus to have high weight.

As plastics for the support structure and / or the formwork elements can be conveniently used thermoplastic materials, but also the use of thermosetting plastics is possible.

In the above embodiments, the term "at least one formwork skin element" has been used in several places. This is in the case of a formwork skin of a single formwork element this sole formwork element meant, whereas in the case that the formwork skin is formed of a plurality of formwork elements is to be said that at least one of these several formwork skin elements is formed as indicated. It is particularly favorable, however, if in each case several or all existing formwork skin elements of the formwork panel are formed accordingly. This applies individually to each of the places where the expression "at least one formwork element" is used. Overall, the case that the formwork is made of a single formwork element, the cheapest.

It is a very great advantage of the formwork panel according to the invention, that it can be designed so that one and the same formwork panel can be used either to build a wall formwork or to build a slab formwork. The term "wall formwork" in this application also includes formwork for columns.

Another object of the invention is a concreting wall formwork having a plurality of coupled, inventive formwork panels. "Coupled" means "horizontally adjacent to one another at the relevant coupling site" and / or "adjoining one another at the relevant coupling site in the vertical direction". For coupling coupling elements may be used, which cooperate with the above-mentioned wall openings of the formwork panels. The coupling elements may each have a shape that is similar to a doorknob with integrally molded shaft portion. On the shaft area, two flanges can be provided. The coupling elements may be configured to be brought into coupling engagement or out of coupling engagement by pivotal movement about the central axis of the shaft region. The coupling elements may have one or more more specific features that can be determined from the FIGS. 33 to 35 to be discribed. Along the zone in which two adjacent formwork panels are in contact with each other, a coupling element or a plurality of coupling elements can be used.

Cheap materials for the coupling element are metal and plastic.

In the wall formwork according to the invention, posts may be provided at corners of the wall to be produced, with which formwork panels are coupled "over the corner". This applies both inside and outside on the wall corner or pillar corner to be produced. The post concerned may in particular have a rectangular (longer than wide) or square horizontal cross section.

Another object of the invention is a concrete slab formwork in which a plurality of formwork panels according to the invention to form a larger slab formwork surface in spatial proximity on a support structure (which may also be a conventionally formed support structure) are supported. The support structure may be formed so that the respective formwork panels are each supported on at least one slab formwork support and / or at least one formwork panel carrier, which in turn Schaffled beam is supported on slab formwork supports and / or main slab formwork beams, which main slab formwork supports are in turn supported on slab formwork supports.

1. (a) im Fall, dass die Schalhaut von einem einzigen Schalhautelement gebildet ist, dieses Schalhautelement lösbar an der Tragstruktur befestigt wird, oder
2. (b) im Fall, dass die Schalhaut von mehreren Schalhautelementen gebildet ist, diese mehreren Schalhautelemente lösbar an der Tragstruktur befestigt werden.

Another object of the invention is a method for producing a formwork panel for Betonierungsschalungen, as disclosed in this application, characterized in that the support structure of a plastic, preferably fiber reinforced plastic, injection molded or die-cast;
that a formwork skin element with the molded projections on its rear side or several formwork skin elements each with the molded projections on its rear sides of a plastic, which is preferably different from the plastic of the support structure, is injection molded or die-cast or are;
and that

1. (A) in the case that the formwork skin is formed by a single formwork skin element, this formwork skin element is releasably secured to the support structure, or
2. (B) in the case that the formwork skin is formed by a plurality of formwork skin elements, these several formwork skin elements are releasably secured to the support structure.

In this method, it is favorable if screws are screwed into at least a part number of the projections from the rear side of the support structure. The screws can be self-tapping screws.

Fig. 1 bis 8

eine erste Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltafel für Betonierungsschalungen, dabei im Einzelnen:

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Schaltafel, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Vorderseite der Schaltafel;

Fig. 2

eine perspektivische Darstellung der Schaltafel von Fig. 1, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schaltafel;

Fig. 3

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Tragstruktur der Schaltafel von Fig. 1, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Vorderseite der Tragstruktur;

Fig. 4

eine perspektivische Darstellung der Tragstruktur von Fig. 3, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Tragstruktur;

Fig. 5

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Schalhaut der Schaltafel von Fig. 1, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Vorderseite der Schalhaut;

Fig. 6

eine perspektivische Darstellung der Schalhaut von Fig. 5, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schalhaut der Schaltafel;

Fig. 7

einen Ausschnitt eines Schnitts der Schaltafel von Fig. 1 gemäß VII-VII in Fig. 4;

Fig. 8

einen Ausschnitt einer Draufsicht auf die Rückseite der Schaltafel von Fig. 1;

Fig. 9 bis 14

eine zweite Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltafel für Betonierungsschalungen, dabei im Einzelnen:

Fig. 9

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Schaltafel, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Vorderseite der Schaltafel;

Fig. 10

eine perspektivische Darstellung der Schaltafel von Fig. 9, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schaltafel;

Fig. 11

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Schalhaut der Schaltafel von Fig. 9, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schalhaut;

Fig. 12

einen Ausschnitt der Darstellung von Fig. 11 in größerem Maßstab;

Fig. 13

eine teilweise geschnittene, perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts der Schaltafel von Fig. 9, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schaltafel, bei einer Zwischenphase des Zusammenbaus von Tragstruktur und Schalhaut;

Fig. 14

eine teilweise geschnittene Darstellung wie in Fig. 13, aber nach Vollendung des Zusammenbaus;

Fig. 15 bis 18

eine dritte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltafel für Betonierungsschalungen, dabei im Einzelnen:

Fig. 15

eine perspektivische Darstellung der Schalhaut der Schaltafel, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schalhaut;

Fig. 16

einen Ausschnitt der Darstellung von Fig. 15 in größerem Maßstab;

Fig. 17

eine teilweise geschnittene, perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts der Schaltafel, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schaltafel, bei einer Zwischenphase des Zusammenbaus von Tragstruktur und Schalhaut;

Fig. 18

eine teilweise geschnittene Darstellung wie in Fig. 17, aber nach Vollendung des Zusammenbaus;

Fig. 19 bis 23

eine vierte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltafel für Betonierungsschalungen, dabei im Einzelnen:

Fig. 19

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Schaltafel, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Vorderseite der Schaltafel;

Fig. 20

eine perspektivische Darstellung der Schaltafel von Fig. 19, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schaltafel;

Fig. 21

eine perspektivische Darstellung der Schalhaut der Schaltafel von Fig. 19, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schalhaut;

Fig. 22

eine teilweise geschnittene (Schnittlinie XXII-XXII in Fig. 21), perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts der Schaltafel von Fig. 19, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schaltafel, bei einer Zwischenphase des Zusammenbaus von Tragstruktur und Schalhaut;

Fig. 23

eine teilweise geschnittene Darstellung wie in Fig. 22, aber nach Vollendung des Zusammenbaus;

Fig. 24 bis 28

eine fünfte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltafel für Betonierungsschalungen, dabei im Einzelnen:

Fig. 24

eine perspektivische Darstellung der Schalhaut der Schaltafel, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schalhaut;

Fig. 25

einen Ausschnitt der Darstellung von Fig. 24 in größerem Maßstab;

Fig. 26

eine teilweise geschnittene, perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts der Schaltafel, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schaltafel;

Fig. 27

einen Ausschnitt eines Schnitts der Schaltafel längs XXVII-XXVII n Fig. 24;

Fig. 28

einen Ausschnitt einer Draufsicht auf die Rückseite der Schaltafel;

Fig. 29

eine sechste Ausführungsform einer nichterfindungsgemäßen Schaltafel für Betonierungsschalungen, und zwar als perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts der Schaltafel, gesehen auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schaltafel;

Fig. 30

eine siebte erfindungsgemäße und eine achte nicht erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsform einer Schaltafel für Betonierungsschalungen, und zwar als perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts der Schaltafel, gesehen auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schaltafel;

Fig. 31

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts einer Betonierungs-Wandschalung, die mehrere erfindungsgemäße Schaltafeln enthält, gesehen von schräg-oben auf die Wandschalung;

Fig. 32

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts einer BetonierungsDeckenschalung, die mehrere erfindungsgemäße Schaltafeln enthält, gesehen von schräg-oben auf die Deckenschalung;

Fig. 33

ein Kopplungselement für erfindungsgemäße Schaltafeln, und zwar (a) und (b) perspektivische Darstellungen und (c) Seitenansicht;

Fig. 34

zwei Kopplungselemente von Fig. 33, in zwei unterschiedlichen Zuständen während des Einbauens an einem Paar von erfindungsgemäßen Schaltafeln, in perspektivischer Darstellung;

Fig. 35

ein Kopplungselement von Fig. 33 und 34, im fertig eingebauten Zustand an einem Paar von erfindungsgemäßen Schaltafeln, in perspektivischer Darstellung;

Fig. 36

bis 38 eine neunte Ausführungsform einer nichterfindungsgemäßen Schaltafel für Betonierungsschalungen sowie eine Abwandlung dieser neunten Ausführungsform, dabei im Einzelnen:

Fig. 36

eine schematisierte Draufsicht auf die Rückseite der Schaltafel und deren Tragstruktur;

Fig. 37

eine schematisierte, längs XXXVII - XXXVII in Fig. 36 geschnittene Seitenansicht der Schaltafel von Fig. 36;

Fig. 38

eine schematisierte, längs XXXVII - XXXVII in Fig. 36 geschnittene Seitenansicht der Schaltafel von Fig. 36, aber jetzt mit einer Abwandlung;

Fig. 39

eine zehnte Ausführungsform einer nichterfindungsgemäßen Schaltafel für Betonierungsschalungen, und zwar als schematisierte Draufsicht auf die Rückseite der Schaltafel und deren Tragstruktur.

The invention and more specific embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings illustrated embodiments. It shows:

Fig. 1 to 8

a first embodiment of a formwork panel according to the invention for concreting, in detail:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a formwork panel, as viewed obliquely to the observer facing the front of the formwork panel;

Fig. 2

a perspective view of the panel of Fig. 1 seen obliquely on the viewer facing back of the panel;

Fig. 3

a perspective view of a support structure of the formwork panel of Fig. 1 seen obliquely on the observer facing front of the support structure;

Fig. 4

a perspective view of the support structure of Fig. 3 seen obliquely on the viewer facing back of the support structure;

Fig. 5

a perspective view of a formwork skin of the formwork panel of Fig. 1 , seen obliquely on the observer facing front of the formwork;

Fig. 6

a perspective view of the formwork skin of Fig. 5 , viewed obliquely on the back of the formwork facing the panel facing the viewer;

Fig. 7

a section of a section of the panel of Fig. 1 in accordance with VII-VII in Fig. 4 ;

Fig. 8

a section of a plan view of the back of the formwork panel of Fig. 1 ;

Fig. 9 to 14

a second embodiment of a formwork panel according to the invention for concreting, in detail:

Fig. 9

a perspective view of a formwork panel, as viewed obliquely to the observer facing the front of the formwork panel;

Fig. 10

a perspective view of the panel of Fig. 9 seen obliquely on the viewer facing back of the panel;

Fig. 11

a perspective view of a formwork skin of the formwork panel of Fig. 9 , seen obliquely on the viewer facing back of the formwork;

Fig. 12

a section of the representation of Fig. 11 on a larger scale;

Fig. 13

a partially sectioned, perspective view of a section of the formwork panel of Fig. 9 seen obliquely on the viewer facing back of the formwork panel, at an intermediate phase of the assembly of support structure and formwork;

Fig. 14

a partially cut representation as in Fig. 13 but after completion of assembly;

15 to 18

a third embodiment of a formwork panel according to the invention for concreting formations, in detail:

Fig. 15

a perspective view of the formwork skin of the formwork panel, seen obliquely to the viewer facing the back of the formwork;

Fig. 16

a section of the representation of Fig. 15 on a larger scale;

Fig. 17

a partially cut, perspective view of a section of the formwork panel, seen obliquely to the viewer facing the back of the formwork panel, at an intermediate phase of the assembly of support structure and formwork;

Fig. 18

a partially cut representation as in Fig. 17 but after completion of assembly;

Fig. 19 to 23

a fourth embodiment of a formwork panel according to the invention for concreting, in detail:

Fig. 19

a perspective view of a formwork panel, as viewed obliquely to the observer facing the front of the formwork panel;

Fig. 20

a perspective view of the panel of Fig. 19 seen obliquely on the viewer facing back of the panel;

Fig. 21

a perspective view of the formwork of the formwork panel of Fig. 19 , seen obliquely on the viewer facing back of the formwork;

Fig. 22

a partially cut (section line XXII-XXII in Fig. 21 ), perspective view of a section of the formwork panel of Fig. 19 seen obliquely on the viewer facing back of the formwork panel, at an intermediate phase of the assembly of support structure and formwork;

Fig. 23

a partially cut representation as in Fig. 22 but after completion of assembly;

Fig. 24 to 28

a fifth embodiment of a formwork panel according to the invention for concreting, in detail:

Fig. 24

a perspective view of the formwork skin of the formwork panel, seen obliquely to the viewer facing the back of the formwork;

Fig. 25

a section of the representation of Fig. 24 on a larger scale;

Fig. 26

a partially cut, perspective view of a section of the formwork panel, seen obliquely to the observer facing the back of the formwork panel;

Fig. 27

a section of a section of the panel along XXVII-XXVII n Fig. 24 ;

Fig. 28

a detail of a plan view of the back of the formwork panel;

Fig. 29

a sixth embodiment of a non-inventive formwork panel for Betonierungsschalungen, as a perspective view of a section of the formwork panel, as seen on the viewer facing the back of the formwork panel;

Fig. 30

a seventh inventive and an eighth non-inventive embodiment of a formwork panel for Betonierungsschalungen, as a perspective view of a section of the formwork panel, as seen on the viewer facing the back of the formwork panel;

Fig. 31

a perspective view of a section of a concreting wall formwork, which contains a plurality of formwork panels according to the invention, as seen from obliquely-top on the wall formwork;

Fig. 32

a perspective view of a section of a BetonierungsDeckenschalung containing a plurality of formwork panels according to the invention, as seen from obliquely-top on the slab formwork;

Fig. 33

a coupling element for formwork panels according to the invention, namely (a) and (b) perspective views and (c) side view;

Fig. 34

two coupling elements of Fig. 33 , in two different states during installation on a pair of formwork panels according to the invention, in perspective view;

Fig. 35

a coupling element of Fig. 33 and 34 , in the installed state on a pair of formwork panels according to the invention, in perspective view;

Fig. 36

to 38, a ninth embodiment of a non-inventive formwork panel for concreting and a modification of this ninth embodiment, in detail:

Fig. 36

a schematic plan view of the back of the formwork panel and the support structure;

Fig. 37

a schematized, longitudinal XXXVII - XXXVII in Fig. 36 cut side view of the chalkboard of Fig. 36 ;

Fig. 38

a schematized, longitudinal XXXVII - XXXVII in Fig. 36 cut side view of the chalkboard of Fig. 36 but now with a modification;

Fig. 39

A tenth embodiment of a non-inventive formwork panel for concreting, as a schematic plan view of the back of the formwork panel and its support structure.

In the following description of embodiments of the invention, for the sake of brevity, "chalkboard" will be used instead of "chalkboard for concreting sheathing". All drawn and described formwork panels are designed by their dimensions and their load-bearing capacity so that they can withstand the stresses that are given when used in concreting shingles.

The in the Fig. 1 to 8 Panel 2 shown is composed of two components, namely a support structure 4 and a formwork skin 6, which is here formed by a single formwork skin element 8. Both the support structure 4 and the formwork skin element 8 consist entirely of plastic here.

Overall, the formwork panel has the shape or geometry of a cuboid, measured at right angles to the plane of FIG Fig. 1 visible Schalhautvorderseite 10, which is also Schafelvorderseite 10 - a much smaller dimension or thickness d has as its length dimension I and its width dimension b. In the illustrated embodiment is z. As the length I 135 cm, the width b 90 cm, and the thickness d 10 cm.

Especially clear in Fig. 3 and 4 it can be seen that the support structure 4 has the shape of a grid. Each of the two longitudinal edges has the shape of a double-walled wall 12, and each of the two transverse edges has the shape of a double-walled wall 14. Between the longitudinal edge walls 12 and parallel to these there are - in the illustrated embodiment, five - longitudinal intermediate walls 16, which are double-walled. Between the transverse edge walls 14 and parallel to these there are - in the illustrated embodiment eight - transverse partition walls 18, which are each formed double-walled. The clearances between the longitudinal intermediate walls 16 and between the respective "last" longitudinal intermediate wall 16 and the respective longitudinal edge wall 12 are all the same with each other. The clearances between the transverse partitions 18 and between the respective "last" transverse partition 18 and the respective transverse edge wall 14 are all equal to each other and moreover equal to the previously described distance between the various longitudinal walls 12, 16. Between the various walls 12, 14, 16, 18 is thus a matrix-like or checkered arrangement of - in plan view of the front ( Fig. 3 ) or on the back ( Fig. 4 ) - each substantially square openings 20 are formed, which are open both to the front 22 of the support structure 4 out and the back 24 of the support structure 4, but in a slightly different size, as will be described in more detail below. In the illustrated embodiment, nine openings 20 are provided in series in the longitudinal direction I of the support structure 4, in the transverse direction b six openings 20 in series. In the illustrated embodiment is - measured at the front 22 - each clear opening 20 about 10 x 10 cm in size.

Looking at the back 24 of the support structure 4 ( Fig. 4 ) it can be seen that in the intermediate walls 16, 18, the double-wall structure at the rear end in each case by a parallel to the formwork front side 10 extending material region 26 is "closed"; This additionally brings material to the back 24 of the support structure. In Fig. 8 It can be seen that the intermediate walls 16, 18 in their end region adjacent to the front side 22 each have on both sides a flange 28 which widens, as it were, the intermediate wall 16 or 18. In this respect one can - when looking at the respective intermediate wall 16 or 18 in cross-section - speak of a hat-shaped double-wall cross-section (see also Fig. 29 and 30 ; Although there to another embodiment, but in this respect also in the embodiment of Fig. 1 to 8 also available). The flanges 28 bring additional plastic material in the vicinity of the front side 22; In addition, the support surface for the formwork skin 6 is increased and the clear distances between the supports for the formwork skin element 8 are reduced. Thus, at the openings 20, the clear cross section at the front side 22 is smaller than at the rear side 24, where it is about 12 x 12 cm in size.

The longitudinal edge walls 12 and the transverse edge walls 14 have in each case at those locations where the inside of the longitudinal wall 12 and 14, an opening 20 is an oval, oblong-shaped, the respective edge wall 12 and 14 crossing wall opening 30th The openings 30 each pass through the edge wall 12 or 14 entirely (ie pass through both partial walls of the double-wall structure) and are surrounded by an opening circumferential wall 32. It should also be noted at this point that, in the case of the edge walls 12 and 14, the outer surface (that is to say, away from the center of the support structure 4) is set back a small distance in relation to the outer contour of the support structure 4. In other words, the outer contour on the rear side 24 is a slightly larger rectangle than the rectangle line along said outer surfaces of the edge walls 12 and 14.

At those points where each intervening walls 16 and 18 intersect, and at those points where the intermediate walls 16 and 18 open into the edge walls 12 and 14, respectively, a channel 34 round cross-section is present, with respect to the adjacent three or four , formed by the double wall structure spaces 36 is delimited by walls 38. The channels 34 each pass from the front side 22 to the rear side 24.

In Fig. 5 and 6 it can be seen that the formwork skin element 8 has the shape of a plate with rear extensions 40. On the function of the four, in Fig. 5 visible, circular openings 42, which are located in the vicinity of the longitudinal edges of the formwork skin element 8, will be discussed in more detail below.

In the illustrated embodiment, there are a total of 66 extensions 40 (i.e., 70 minus four openings 42). The projections 40 are each present at an intersection between partition walls 16 and 18 and at a T-position between an edge wall 12 and 14 and an intermediate wall 16 and 18, except those locations where the four openings 42 are present. The extensions 40 are thus arranged in the pattern of a matrix or in a checkerboard pattern.

When the support structure 4 and the formwork skin element 8 are joined together, each extension 40 enters the front end region of a channel 34 Fig. 7 it can be seen that each respective channel 34 in its front side 22 of the support structure 4 adjacent end portion has a reduced circular cross-section, so that in the direction of the back 24 of the support structure 4 directed toward a shoulder 44 is formed. Further one sees in Fig. 7 and 8th that every extension 40 is divided by corresponding, extending in its longitudinal direction slots 46 in four, distributed over the extension circumference tongues 48. Each of the tongues 48 has in the middle region of its length on the outside a shoulder 50, which extends part-circularly over a little less than 90 ° and in the assembled state of support structure 4 and formwork element 8 behind the respective shoulder 44 of the channel 34 and the support structure 4 to the outside is locked. At its center, ie, inside between the four tongues 48, each of the extensions 40 has an axially extending cavity 52 which ends approximately at the level of the plate rear side 54 of the formwork element 8. Furthermore, each of the tongues 48 is beveled in its rear side 24 of the support structure 4 facing end portion on its outside, see reference numeral 56. Due to the described configuration of the respective extension 40, the extensions 40 for assembling support structure 4 and formwork element 8 respectively in the end smaller Cross section of a channel 34 are introduced. Due to the inclined surfaces 56, the tongues 48 are elastically compressed slightly to the extension center axis, and the respective extension 40 passes ever further into the respective channel 34 until - by elastic springing back the tongues 48 to the outside - the shoulders 50 of the respective extension 40th snap behind the shoulder 44 of the respective channel 34.

By the described engagement of each extension 40 with the shoulder 44 of a channel 34, a connection between the support structure 4 and the formwork element 8 is provided which holds the support structure 4 and the formwork element 8 against the action of tensile forces in the longitudinal direction of the channels 34 or - in other words - act at right angles to the panel front 10. Since at each extension 40 the tongues 48 on the circumference are in contact with that part of the respective channel 34 where this smaller cross-section is (see reference numeral 58) and since the tongues 48 have sufficiently large material cross-sections there, the female-male Engagement between this area of the respective extension 40 and the area of smaller cross-section 58 of the channel 34 in question created a connection, the shear forces with respect to the interface between the front 22 of the support structure 4 and plate back 54 of the formwork element 8 (ie, in terms of forces parallel to the Schafelvorderseite 10th act) can transmit. The support structure 4 and the formwork skin element 8 form in this way a respect to the forces occurring at least largely jointly supporting structure.

It has already been mentioned above that the formwork skin element 8 in each case has a circular opening 42 at two locations near one longitudinal edge and at two locations near the other longitudinal edge. Each of the openings 42 is located at a location where a channel 34 is positioned in the support structure 4. In this way, four points are formed, at which one each a so-called clamping anchor (which is in the interest here, the central region of the clamping armature essentially a rod) through the entire formwork panel 2, d. H. Slide support structure 4 and formwork skin element 8 through and also can push completely through a parallel with spaced set up board 2. Such tension anchors are particularly useful in concreting wall formwork where formwork panels are spaced apart to produce a concrete wall by pouring the clearance space with concrete. On the remote space facing away from the back sides 24 of the formwork panels 2 of the respective panel pair z. B. nut plates screwed onto the clamping anchor. The tension anchors absorb those forces which the cast-in, pulpy concrete exerts on the formwork panels of the formwork panel pair.

The attachment of the formwork skin element 8 to the support structure 4 is releasable. It is only necessary to compress the tongues 48 of the extensions radially in order to be able to then remove the formwork skin element 8 from the support structure 4. An alternative possibility is the execution of a rotational movement of the formwork skin element 8 relative to the support structure 4, which destroys the attachment.

In Fig. 6 (but even more clearly below in Fig. 11 . 12 . 15 . 16 ) it can be seen that the plate-like portion 9 of the formwork skin element 8, ie the formwork skin element 8 without the extensions 40, on all four edges at the rear has a thicker in the direction of the shell skin thickness d edge strip 11 which there the resilience and wear resistance of the formwork skin element 8 and increases the tightness of the panel 2 to adjacent formwork panels 2. When talking in the application of plate back side 54 of the formwork element, the back within the edge strips 11 is meant. Within the edge strips 11 in this embodiment, the "plate thickness" of the plastic is 5 mm.

Based on Fig. 9 to 14 Now, a second embodiment of a formwork panel 2 according to the invention will be described. The modifications compared to the first embodiment according to Fig. 1 to 8 essentially only concern the design of the devices that are used to connect or fasten together Support structure 4 and formwork skin element 8 are provided. The following description focuses on these amendments.

How to get in Fig. 13 and 14 clearly seen, the channels 34 used for the detachable connection or attachment of the support structure 4 and the formwork element 8 do not have a reduced cross-section in the end region adjacent the front side 22 of the support structure 4, but in the end region adjacent the rear side 24 of the support structure 4 a hollow, in cross-section round neck 60, which has a smaller cross section than the rest of the channel 34 both on the inner circumference and on the outer circumference.

The projections 40 now each have a cross section, which can be described as a hollow cylindrical, central neck 62 with four radially extending, arranged at 90 ° angle spacing ribs 64. Each extension 40 protrudes for a length from the plate rear side 54 of the formwork element 8, which corresponds approximately to one third of the thickness of the support structure 4. Viewed in cross-section through the respective extension 40, the four ribs 64 have a dimension such that the rib ends go straight into the four inner corners 66 of the respective channel 34. Thus, each of the integrally formed extensions 40, and thus the entirety of the extensions 40, by cooperation with the respective channels 34 by means of female / male interventions, provides a bond between the support structure 4 and the formwork element 8 which can transmit thrust forces acting in parallel with the formwork front 10.

For mutual anchoring of support structure 4 and formwork element 8 no longer latching tongues of the extensions 40 are provided, but with the extensions 40 cooperating screws 70 which from the back 24 of the support structure 4 forth through the nozzle 60 of the support structure 4 into the interior of the Hollow stub 62 of the respective extension 40 are screwed, see the in Fig. 14 drawn final state. The screws 70 are self-tapping and intersect their mating thread in the respective hollow pipe 62 during assembly of support structure 4 and formwork element 8 itself. By unscrewing the screws 70, the composite state or mutual attachment state of support structure 4 and formwork element 8 can be solved in a simple manner. The screw connections between the screws 70 and the projections 40 provide a composite that can transmit tensile forces that act at right angles to the panel front 10 in the sense of the supporting structure 4 and formwork skin element 8.

The second embodiment tends to be more efficient to produce than the first embodiment and allows slightly greater dimensional tolerances between the support structure 4 and the formwork skin element 8. It is emphasized that not every one of the channels 34 requires a screw 70 to be installed. For the strength of the connection, it is sufficient if only a part of the channels 34, a screw 70 is screwed. The extensions 40 can be designed to be more stable in bending than in the first embodiment.

As with the first embodiment, there are also channels 34a and formwork skin openings 42 for tie rods. In the vicinity of the openings 42, there is in each case an extension 40b, which, compared with a "normal extension" 40a on the longitudinal edge of the formwork element 8, is displaced somewhat to the longitudinal center line of the formwork element 8. For such projections 40b, there are correspondingly slightly offset channels 34b in the support structure 4.

Based on 15 to 18 Now, a third embodiment of a formwork panel according to the invention will be described. The third embodiment is similar to the second embodiment described above. The following description focuses on the differences from the second embodiment.

The channels 34 in the support structure 4 have a circular cross-section and neither a cross-sectional reduction in the end adjacent the support structure front side 22 nor a cross-sectional reduction in the end adjacent the support structure rear side 24. In the central region of the length of the respective channel 34, however, a transverse wall 72 with a central hole 74 available. The transverse wall 72 serves as a repository for the screw head 76 of a respective screw 70 introduced there from the support structure rear side 24 through the hole 74.

The formwork element extensions 40 here have the shape of a central hollow stub 62 with z. B. eight circumferentially distributed ribs 64 which are significantly shorter in the radial direction than in the second embodiment. As in the second embodiment, a self-tapping screw 70 is screwed into an extension 40 at the points where this is deemed necessary.

Now, based on the Fig. 19 to 23 a fourth embodiment of a formwork panel according to the invention described. The fourth embodiment is different of the previous embodiments essentially by the type of connection or mutual attachment of support structure 4 and formwork element 8. The following description focuses on the description of these differences.

How to get the fastest in Fig. 22 and 23 see, are here along the longitudinal edges and the transverse edges of the formwork skin element 8 circular, hollow, integrally formed projections 40 are present, whereas otherwise in cross-section square, hollow, molded projections 40 are present. Each of the extensions 40 has on its outer periphery - lying in a first plane - on its outer side a first, interrupted, series of circumferentially extending everted portions 80. In a second plane which is axially spaced from the first plane is a second, interrupted row of everted portions 80 on the outer circumference. The number of circumferential rows may alternatively be less than or greater than two.

On the inner circumference of the respective, associated channels 34 of the support structure 4 are invaginated areas 82, also in circumferentially interrupted areas in two levels or more levels or less levels available. The everted portions 80 and the invaginated portions 82 are positioned so that upon assembly of support structure 4 and formwork element 8 with slight elastic deformation of extensions 40 and / or channel walls, the everted portions 80 in the invaginated counter areas 82 come and there to apply a considerable Release force or extraction force firmly. Between each extension 40 and each associated channel 34 thus a female / male engagement is generated.

Such slightly everted areas 80 and such slightly inverted counter areas 82 can be formed in the molding of the support structure 4 and the formwork element 8 in particular by plastic injection molding or by plastic die-casting, without that one would have to use slide in the manufacturing form, which transversely to the main extension plane of support structure 4 or Schalhautelement 8 move. Rather, the manufacturing mold at the locations where everted areas 80 are to be formed simply have corresponding recesses. The produced plywood element can be ejected from the mold cavity with elastic deformation, in particular while the molding product is still warm. In the case of the shaping of the support structure 4, conversely, the manufacturing form applies at the points where the invaginated areas 82 to be formed, has corresponding bulges. For the ejection from the production form, the statements made for the formwork skin element 8 apply accordingly. Alternatively, the projections 40 can be equipped with recessed areas and the channels 34 with everted areas.

The extensions 40 take in the illustrated embodiment about a quarter of the length of the channels 34 a.

In the fourth embodiment, the channels 34 may be closed at its end adjacent the support structure back 24 (see the left channel 34 in FIG Fig. 23 ) or be open (see the right channel 34 in FIG Fig. 23 ).

Hohle circular shape and hollow square shape of the extensions 40 are practical, but can also be replaced by other cross-sectional shapes. Drawing the case of two different geometries of the extensions 40 drawn. All geometries can be the same or more than two different geometries can be realized.

Based on Fig. 24 to 28 Now, a fifth embodiment of a formwork panel 2 according to the invention will be described. The fifth embodiment differs from the previous embodiments substantially only by the manner of connection of the support structure 4 and the skin element 8. The following description of the fifth embodiment will focus on the description of the differences from the previous embodiments.

How to get out Fig. 24 and 25 sees particularly quickly, has the formwork skin element 8 extensions 40, which like the extensions in the second embodiment (see in particular Fig. 11 and 13 ) are formed, but without a central, axially extending cavity. Also, no screws are provided which are screwed into the extensions 40 from the support structure rear side 24. In the fifth embodiment, the extensions 40, cooperating with the corresponding channels 34 (female / male engagement respectively), thus assume only the task of mutual positional fixing of the support structure 4 and the formwork skin element 8 as well as the transmission of the above-mentioned shear forces.

To the support structure 4 and the formwork skin element 8 tensile strength in terms of forces perpendicular to the formwork facing 10 in the support structure 4 and the formwork skin element 8 separating sense act to anchor each other, plate-like extensions 84 are formed on the formwork skin panel 8 back. For each opening 20 in the support structure 4, two extensions 84 or three extensions 84 have been provided in the case of the edge adjacent openings 20 in this embodiment. One can also work with a different number of molded extensions 84.

In Fig. 27 it can be seen that the openings 20 in those areas near the support structure front, where projections 84 "come in" during the assembly of the support structure 4 and the formwork element 8, have molded-on projections 86 projecting towards the center of the relevant opening 20. The projections 86 each have a shoulder 88 on their side facing the support structure rear side 24. The extensions 84 each have, at their end remote from the plate rear side 54 of the facing element 8, two projections 90 pointing away from the center of the relevant opening 20. The projections 90 are each bevelled on their side facing away from the center of the relevant opening 20 (see reference numeral 92) and have a shoulder 94 on their end facing the back of the plate 54.

When pushing together the formwork skin element 8 and supporting structure 4, the extensions 84 are elastically bent inwards, ie toward the center of the corresponding opening 20, due to the interaction of the inclined surfaces 92 with the inner sides of the projections 86. As soon as the formwork skin element 8 is compressed in its entirety with the support structure 4, the extensions 84 snap outward, the shoulders 94 of the extensions 84 now bearing against the shoulders 88 of the projections 86. The extensions 84 essentially assume no fixing function of the formwork skin element 8 relative to the support structure 4 in directions parallel to the formwork front side 10 and also no function in the assumption of the abovementioned thrust forces. Note that in Fig. 27 aware of a little game - measured horizontally in Fig. 27 - Has been drawn between the respective projection 86 of the support structure 4 and the relevant extension 84.

After bending the extensions 84 to the center of the respective opening 20 toward or after breaking off the extensions z. B. with a screwdriver can remove the formwork skin element 8 of the support structure 4.

Fig. 29 illustrates that you can connect the support structure 4 and the formwork skin element 8 by gluing together or attach to each other, instead of using the previously described connection types. However, this does not form part of the present invention. Between the flanges 28 of the respective double wall structure with hat-shaped cross section of the intermediate walls 16 and 18 on the one hand and the plate rear side 54 of the formwork element 8 on the other hand there is a thin adhesive strip 96. Adhesive strips 96 do not have to be provided at all locations where flanges 28 and plate back 54 meet, and not in full possible length. The extent of providing adhesive strip 96 depends on which total adhesive area is required to ensure the desired bond strength.

The connection described by gluing is solvable, if one selects a suitable, familiar to the expert and available on the market adhesive, the z. B. can be solved by a selective solvent.

Fig. 30 illustrates two other possible ways in which the releasable connection or the releasable mutual fastening of support structure 4 and formwork element 8 can accomplish according to the invention.

The first of the two possibilities, according to the seventh embodiment of the invention, is the molding of relatively short, pin-shaped projections 40 on the plate rear side 54 of the formwork skin element 8, z. B. in each case a pin-shaped extension 40 (or several pin-shaped extensions 40) in the region of each intersection or a part number of intersections between partitions 16 and 18 and in the region of each T-spot or a part number of T-sites between partitions 16 and 18 and an edge wall 12 and 14. At those points where you want to connect by means of a pin-shaped extension 40, a hole in the support structure 4 is provided in each case, for. B. at a corner transition of two flanges 28, as in Fig. 30 drawn. The pin-shaped extension 40 is initially so long that it protrudes a piece when joining formwork skin element 8 and support structure 4 from the mentioned hole. The outstanding end can be z. B. reshape or remelt by means of a heated punch to a wider extension head 98, as in Fig. 30 is drawn. To release the connection between the formwork skin element 8 and support structure 4 can be z. B. clip off the plastic head 98 thus formed with a suitable pliers.

A non-inventive alternative according to the eighth embodiment is that instead of the pin-like projections 40 made of plastic each provides a rivet. The in the production of the riveted joint formed rivet head sees z. B. as in, as in Fig. 30 drawn with reference numeral 98. To release the rivet connection, the rivet head must be removed, eg. B. by cutting off with a suitable pliers.

All exemplary embodiments have been drawn and described in such a way that only a single formwork skin element 8 forms the entire formwork skin 6 of the formwork panel 2. This is the preferred case within the scope of the invention. However, in the case of larger size formwork panels 2 in particular, it may be more favorable to fasten a plurality of formwork skin elements 8 next to one another on the support structure 4, be it the boundary (s) between adjacent formwork skin elements 8 in the longitudinal direction of the formwork panel 2 or in the transverse direction of the formwork panel 2 ( run). In this case, each of the formwork skin elements 8 is fastened to the support structure 4 in a manner as has been described above by way of example for the single formwork skin element 8.

Suitable plastics from which the supporting structure 4 and the formwork skin 6 can be made are known to the person skilled in the art and are available on the market. Suitable base plastics include polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyamide (PA). The support structure 4, which carries a large part of the load on the formwork panel 2, may consist in particular of fiber-reinforced plastic, glass fibers and carbon fibers being mentioned as favorable examples. It is quite possible to use relatively long fibers (length over 1 mm up to a few centimeters). In the formwork 6, which indeed carries a smaller part of the burden on the formwork panel 2 and which should preferably be able to be nailed, it is possible in particular to work with a plastic which is reinforced by means of granular particles, in particular calcium carbonate or talcum. But also a reinforcement with short fibers (less than or equal to 1 mm in length), in particular by means of (short) glass fibers, comes into consideration.

In all illustrated and described embodiments, the plastic of the support structure 4 has a greater strength than the plastic of the formwork skin element 8, which is nagelbar.

In the first embodiment, for the formwork panel, a length l of 135 cm, a width b of 90 cm, a thickness d of 10 cm, the thickness of the plate-like portion of the skin member 8 being 5 mm have been exemplified. This exemplary dimension specification is also valid for all other embodiments. It is however expressly pointed out that according to The teaching of the invention trained formwork panels 2 may have even larger or even smaller formats. If you want to provide significantly larger formats, however, the required material use increases disproportionately, so that you come to uneconomical and no longer hand-to-hand formwork panels. On the other hand, if you go to much smaller formats, the construction and dismantling of concreting formations becomes more complex; In addition, the number of joints increases between adjacent formwork panels, which joints you may see molded in the finished concrete product.

Forward is already related to Fig. 1 has been addressed that in the first embodiment at the back of the support structure 4 all around the edge of the outer surfaces of the edge walls 12 and 14 projects. The same applies to the plate-like region 9 of the formwork skin element 8, so that - in other words - the outer surfaces of the edge walls 12 and 14 against the overall outer contour of the formwork panel 2 are set back a bit. However, at the eight corners of the blackboard block there are small bevels 99, each creating an oblique transition from the outer surface of an edge wall 12 and 14 to the local outer edge of the support structure back 24 and the outer edge of the plate-shaped portion 9 of the formwork element 8 ,

If a plurality of formwork panels 2 either longitudinal side at the longitudinal side or transverse side at the transverse side or longitudinal side to each other placed side by side or put together, the outer edges of the plate-like areas 9 adjacent Schalhälute 6 come in desirable close contact, so that there is at most a smaller passage of concrete vat is possible. Likewise, the outer edges of adjacent support structure backs 24 come into close contact. The outer surfaces of the peripheral walls 12 and 14, respectively, are spaced a small distance apart, as desired, so as not to jeopardize the aforementioned desirable close contacts on the panel front and panel rear surfaces.

In all drawn and described embodiments, the respective support structure 4 and the respective formwork skin element 8 are each an integral injection molded plastic or each an integral diecast component made of plastic, ie support structure 4 and formwork element 8 each have a shape which the production by plastic injection or by Plastic die-casting allowed.

If one first considers the support structure 4 and the production by injection molding, then it can be seen that the openings 20 including inner sides of the flanges 28, the rear halves of the edge double walls 12 and 14 to the openings 30, and the back surfaces of the Between-double walls 16 and 18 at the rear closing material portions 26 are formed by portions of the manufacturing mold from the back of the support structure 4 ago. The interspaces of the intermediate double walls 16 and 18 and the interstices of the edge walls 12 and 14 up to the openings 30 can be formed by regions of the manufacturing mold from the front side of the support structure 4 ago. For the channels 34, it depends on the channel shape whether to be formed entirely from the rear side of the support structure 4 (for example, in the first embodiment, see FIG Fig. 7 ) or forms part of the channel length from the rear side and the remaining part of the channel length from the front side, see typically third embodiment, Fig. 17 ). To form the peripheral walls 32 of the openings 30 and the outer surfaces of the edge walls 12 and 14, one works with slides of the manufacturing form, which have a direction of movement perpendicular to the outer surface of the respective edge wall 12 and 14 respectively.

It is understood that all relevant surfaces of support structure 4 and formwork element 8 have a so-called Auszugsschrägung of typically 0.5 to 2 degrees, so that the halves of the manufacturing mold easily opened, the slides of the manufacturing mold are easily pulled out, and the plastic product easily from the manufacturing mold can be ejected.

For the manufacturability of the support structure 4 by plastic die casting apply correspondingly. The most important difference between plastic injection molding and plastic die casting is in the shaping of thermoplastics in that in the former case, the plastic is injected liquid under pressure, whereas in the latter case the plastic is introduced in the form of solid granules in the mold cavity and is melted under pressure.

Looking next at the manufacture of the formwork skin element 8 by plastic injection molding or by plastic die casting, it can be seen that the back side 54 of the plate-like region 9 of the formwork element 8 is a good position for the parting plane of the manufacturing mold Help of open spaces in which a mold half can be shaped. This is particularly easy in the second, third, and fourth embodiment. In the first and fifth embodiments, one must use pushers to form the "barbs" on the extensions 40.

Finally, it should be noted that in all drawn and described embodiments, the formwork front side 10 and thus the entire panel front is free of components that have to do with the means for connecting or attaching support structure 4 and formwork element 8. In other words, the formwork skin front 10 is, except for the openings 42, continuous flat (in the sense that the term "even" is commonly used in formwork skins, which does not mean a plane that is geometrically level in the strict sense of the word), so that it is on the surface of the concrete product to be produced signifies nothing else than the undisturbed surface of the formwork skin 6 and at most certain markings at the locations where joints between adjacent formwork skins 6 were.

For the sake of completeness, it is pointed out that in a part of the drawn embodiments openings are drawn, which extend at right angles to the formwork front side 10, extend through the double wall structure of the edge walls 12 and 14 and in the support structure rear side 24 adjacent end portion have a shape that one may be referred to as circular with two diametrical, substantially rectangular extensions (see particularly clearly Fig. 18 , top right; Fig. 23 ). This form of opening end portions has nothing to do with claim features in this application.

In Fig. 31 a section of a concreting wall formwork 100 is shown, which is constructed with formwork panels 2 according to the invention. Specifically, a wall formwork is drawn for a wall going around a 90 ° corner. Of course, wall formworks for straight walls, for columns, for T-shaped walls opening into one another, etc., can be created in a corresponding manner, the principles described below finding appropriate application in all these cases.

In the embodiment of the Fig. 31 are all formwork panels 2 "vertically aligned", ie, their longitudinal direction l is vertical and their width direction b and transverse direction is horizontal. The formwork front 10 extends vertically in all formwork panels 2. You can partially or everywhere with "horizontally oriented" Switching panels 2, ie longitudinal direction I is horizontal and transverse direction b is vertical, working.

From the inner corner 102 of the wall formwork 100 can be seen a total of four formwork panels 2 in full width (in one case, top left, only in almost the entire width). In addition, you can see two formwork panels 2, in which a part of the width is cut off. In addition, you can see directly at the inner corner a vertical post 106 with square cross-section.

Two of the full width b visible formwork panels 2 have the dimensions, as well as the formwork panels of all embodiments according to Fig. 1 to 30 ie, eight transverse baffles 18 and five longitudinal baffles 16, nine in number 20 in series as one progresses in the longitudinal direction and six in diameter 20 in series as one progresses in the transverse direction. At the posts 106 over corner then there are two formwork panels 2 with contrast lesser width b. Concretely, its width b is one third of the width of the "full-form panels 2", ie, one has only two openings 20 in series, as one proceeds in the transverse direction. The length I of the last-described formwork panels 2 is equal to the length I of the full formwork panels 2. On the outside of the corner of the concrete wall to be produced you can see - directly on the corner - again a post 108, which is the post 106 accordingly, corner then two formwork panels 2 with 2/3-width compared to the width b of a full-panel board 2. At the last-mentioned formwork panels 2 close on both sides full panel panels 2.

It is emphasized that you are in Fig. 31 as it were only the upper half of a wall formwork section sees. A second, lower half joins down, as will be described in more detail. Overall, then the wall formwork thus has a height of 270 cm, which is a fairly common room height of concrete floor to underside of the ceiling in housing.

In the right third, below, the Fig. 31 one sees that and how each adjacent formwork panels 2 or the last formwork panel 2 is coupled to the post 108. If you go down in the fourth outer opening 20 at the last outer corner panel 2a on the left vertical edge, you can see a part of a coupling element 110. On the right vertical edge of the same panel 2a can be seen four coupling elements 110 of the same type. Also in the left third, above, the Fig. 31 one sees a coupling element 110 of the same type. Coupling elements 110 of this type will be described below with reference to FIGS FIGS. 33 to 35 described in more detail. At this point, the explanation is sufficient that by means of such coupling elements 110 which engage through pairs of openings 30 in the edge walls 12, a coupling of adjacent formwork panels 2 and the coupling of a formwork panel 2 can be accomplished with a post 106 and 108, respectively.

Far left, middle, in Fig. 31 it can further be seen that and how two vertically adjacent shuttering panels 2 can be coupled together by coupling elements 110 of the same type by engaging the respective coupling element 110 through a pair of openings 30 in transverse edge walls 14 of two formwork panels 2.

You can also see in Fig. 31 in some places the ends of tension anchors 112 (as already mentioned above in the application), which are each fixed by means of a nut plate 114 against the support structure rear sides 24 of two adjacent adjacent formwork panels 2. As described in more detail in connection with the first embodiment, the tension rod 112 passes through a channel of only one support structure 4, which extends at right angles to the formwork front side 10. The adjacent shuttering panel 2 is included in the pressing operation via the nut plate 114.

It is understood that at reasonable distances along the wall formwork 100 by means of directional supports, which are fixed on the one hand on the ground and on the other hand on formwork panels 2, the vertical alignment of the formwork panels 2 and maintaining this vertical orientation are ensured under the pressure of the cast concrete.

Fig. 32 illustrates, by way of an example (of many possible examples), how a concrete slab formwork 120 can be formed using formwork panels 2 according to the invention.

In the middle area of the Fig. 32 you can see a part of a series of slab formwork supports 122, this row from left-down to right-up in Fig. 32 extends and wherein only two slab formwork supports 122 are drawn from a larger number of slab formwork supports 122 of this series. Next left in Fig. 32 one sees another slab formwork support 122 belonging to another row of slab formwork supports 122 extending from left to bottom to right to top. Within each row of slab formwork posts 122, a slab beam 124 leads from slab formwork header 126 Next, the longitudinal centerline of the first described row and the longitudinal centerline of the second described row are spaced apart substantially as large as the length I of the interlocking panels 2, plus twice half the width of a panel support 124 ,

It is emphasized that instead of in Fig. 32 shown construction of a slab formwork 120 with the invention Schaltafen 2 in particular ceiling slabs 120 of a structure with so-called main beams and so-called secondary beams can realize. In this case you have to start from Fig. 32 suggest that the spacing space between the parallel formwork beam supports 124 is bridged not by formwork panels 2 but by a series of side-by-side support beams (in which case the distance between the drawn formwork panel supports 124 is normally greater). In this case, the carrier leading from support 122 to support 122 is called the "main carrier" and the carrier extending at right angles to it and placed on the main carriers is called "secondary carrier". The formwork panels 2 are then placed so that they each bridge the distance between two adjacent subcarriers. In this case, therefore, the subcarriers are those carriers which are referred to in the present application as Schafel carrier.

Based on FIGS. 33 to 35 An exemplary embodiment of a coupling element 110 will now be described, which can be used in particular in wall formwork 100 according to the invention, but also for other purposes for which examples are given below.

The coupling element 110 shown in the drawing has an overall shape which is reminiscent of a door pawl with an integrated shaft about whose central axis 144 the coupling element 110 is pivotable overall. The coupling element 110 may in particular be made of metal or of plastic.

The coupling element 110 has a shaft portion 140 and, integral with the shaft portion 140, an elongate grip portion 142 extending in a plane on which the imaginary center axis 144 of the shaft portion 140 is perpendicular. The grip portion 142 itself is bent relatively close to the shaft portion 140 by about 45 ° in its plane. At the straight, longer portion 146 of the handle portion 142, a worker can attack by hand and then, favors through a lever arm given by the pitch center axis 144 distance, rotate the shaft portion 140 about its central axis 144.

The grip portion 142 integrally merges therewith at a first end portion of the shaft portion 140. At a small axial distance from this transition point is located on the shaft portion 140, a first flange 148 in the form of an annular, radially outwardly projecting flange. At a clear distance a to the first flange 148 is in the second end portion of the shaft portion 140, a second flange 150, which has a more complicated, to be described in more detail below shape. The clear distance a is - roughly speaking - in about as large as it is in aligned juxtaposed wall formwork shuttering panels 2 of the summed thickness of two edge walls 12 and 14 in the area around an opening in question 30, added the (small) clear distance between the outer surfaces of the pair of edge walls 12 and 14, respectively, as described in connection with the first embodiment and the reset of the outer surface of the edge walls 12 and 14, respectively. You can see this in Fig. 31 and on a larger scale in the Fig. 34 and 35 ,

Between the first flange 148 and the second flange 150, the shaft region 140 in an intermediate flange region 141 is only substantially circular-cylindrical. More specifically, the waveband 140 has a somewhat oblong cross-section there, which may be made "oval-like" or "elliptical-like" or in the form of "two semicircles with two straight sections therebetween". This cross-sectional shape falls in Fig. 33 optically not on, because the "thickness" or the "local diameter" at the shortest point is only slightly smaller than at the about 90 ° distant, longest point. The meaning of this cross-sectional shape will be described in more detail below.

Looking at that end face of the shaft portion 140 where the second flange 150 is located, see arrow A in FIG Fig. 33 (c) 2, the second flange 150 has an oval outer contour, ie a semicircular section 152 at each end and a straight section 154 therebetween. In the central region between the two semicircular sections 152, the second flange 150 has been measured at right angles to the straight line Portions 154 between the semicircular portions 152 - a width c, which corresponds to the smallest thickness or the smallest diameter of the only substantially circular cylindrical portion 141 of the shaft portion 140 or is slightly smaller. Measured perpendicularly to the width c, the second flange 150 has a dimension e that is distinct greater than the width c. In other words, the amount of radial protrusion of the second flange 150 over the peripheral surface of the substantially circular-cylindrical portion 141 of the shaft portion 140 increases from 0 to a maximum amount as it advances 90 °, then advances 90 ° further from the maximum Maximum amount decreases to 0, then moves further 90 ° from 0 to a maximum amount, and finally advances 90 ° from the maximum amount to 0.

In Fig. 33 (b) right-down and in Fig. 33 (c) bottom right, it can be seen that the end face of the second flange 150 facing the first flange 148 is not flat, but is divided into two parts (the first part being the first radial extent increase radial extension decrease curve over 180 ° and the second part just described) corresponds to the second radial extent increase-radial extent decrease profile over 180 ° just described). In each of these two parts, an approximately one-half 90 ° portion is formed as a wedge surface 156, which progresses in the circumferential direction, from a maximum distance a + x to the opposite end face of the first flange 148 to a distance a to the opposite end face of the first Flange 148 gradually decreases.

Due to the described geometry of the shaft portion 140 with the second flange 150 of the coupling member 110, one can insert the shaft portion 140 with the second flange 150 forward into an aligned pair of apertures 30 of two parallel positioned edge walls 12 and 14 of two adjacent form panels 2. The openings 30 are, as stated above, oval or slot-like, and the described oval shape of the second flange 150 is such that the shaft portion 140 can be inserted with the second flange 150 first straight through the two openings 30, when the larger dimension e of the second flange 150 coincides with the longer length of the oval opening 30. The beginning of this insertion process can be seen in Fig. 34 at the right coupling element 110, and the end of this insertion process can be seen in the in Fig. 34 left coupling element 110 from the side of the second flange 150 ago. In the fully inserted state, the end face of the first flange 148 facing the second flange 150 is in contact with the region of the respective edge wall 12 or 14 of the relevant formwork panel 2 which surrounds the respective opening 30.

After completion of the insertion operation described, the second flange 150 of the relevant coupling element 110 is located entirely inside of the respective edge wall 12 or 14 of the second formwork panel 2 (here referred to as the second formwork panel 2 that panel 2 whose opening 30 is passed as a second opening of the pair of openings 30 of the second flange 150). As a result, the coupling element 110 can be pivoted about its central axis 144 by means of the gripping region 142, counterclockwise, looking at the end face of the shaft region 140 where the gripping region 142 leaves. At the in Fig. 34 right coupling element 110 one would see the counterclockwise pivotal movement, if the insertion of the waveband 140 had already been carried out. At the in Fig. 34 left coupling element 110, in which the insertion has already been carried out, the pivotal movement of the handle portion 142 would constitute a clockwise pivotal movement, because one looks here on that end face of the shaft portion 140, where the second flange 150 is present.

In Fig. 35 you can see the state when the handle portion 142 has been completely pivoted by 90 °. The second flange 150 (as well as the first flange 148) have thereby performed a rotational movement about the central axis 144 of 90 °. The larger dimension e of the second flange 150 now extends at right angles to the larger dimension of the adjacent opening 30 in an edge wall 12 or 14 of a formwork panel 2. The considered pair of edge walls 12 and 14 is between the first flange 148 and the second Flange 150 clamped together. The adjacent formwork panels 2 are coupled together at this pair of edge walls 12 and 14, respectively. Depending on the dimensions of the formwork panels 2 and the expected loads, one can work along the considered pair of edge walls 12 and 14 with a coupling element 110 or with a plurality of coupling elements 110. In addition, it can be seen that when the coupling element 110 is in the clamping position, the longer, straight portion 146 of the handle portion 142 is parallel to the relevant panel back 24 and, moreover, with a portion of its length in a matching recess 160 which at the intermediate walls 16 and 18 is provided in the rear area in the vicinity of the edge walls 12 and 14, respectively.

In the initial phase of the mentioned clamping pivoting movement of the shaft portion 40 and thus of the second flange 150, the two wedge surfaces 156 of the second flange 150 come into contact with the edge of the respective opening 30, so that over a course of the pivoting movement by about 45 °, the two edge walls 12 and 14 involved are always pulled together. In the course of the continuation of the pivoting movement by a further approximately 45 ° then that part of the first flange 148 facing end side of the second flange 150 comes into contact with the inner surface of the respective edge wall 12 and 14, in which part of the clear distance to the opposite end face of the first flange 148 is no longer changing a + x, but constant a. When completed pivoting movement by about 90 ° so there has a two-dimensional contact with the inner surface of the respective edge wall 12 and 14th

The above-mentioned smallest thickness or the smallest diameter of the only substantially circular cylindrical portion 141 of the shaft portion 140 of the coupling element 110 extends in a direction parallel to the orientation of the width c of the second flange 150, and is slightly smaller than the -. If the longer dimension e of the second flange 150 and the largest thickness or the largest diameter of the portion 141 of the shaft portion 140 substantially with the longitudinal direction of the the second flange 150 and the portion 141 of the shaft portion 140 can be easily inserted with ease in the pair of apertures 30 involved, even if the two involved formwork panels 2 have some offset from each other in a direction perpendicular to the formwork faces 10 , In the subsequent pivoting of the coupling member 110 by about 90 ° gradually comes the largest thickness or the largest diameter of the area 141 in contact with those central areas of the opening peripheral walls 32 of the two participating openings 30, where the distance between opposite opening peripheral wall areas smaller than in the opening longitudinal direction is. The pivotal movement of the coupling element 110 pulls the two involved form panels 2 into face-aligned position because the largest thickness or the largest diameter of the area 141 of the shaft portion 140 is as small as the respective size of the openings 30 of the two formwork panels involved, with only a slight play 2, measured in the middle opening area and at right angles to the formwork front 10.

It is emphasized that the two edge walls 12 and 14 of the two shuttering panels 2 involved can also be clamped together with a certain offset in the longitudinal extension direction of the edge walls 12 and 14. After completion of the insertion process described can be the two peripheral walls 12 and 14, respectively a piece far in the longitudinal direction of the edge walls 12, 14 move relative to each other and only then pivot the relevant coupling element 110 in the clamping position.

The openings 30 in the edge walls 12 and 14 are also suitable for coupling there formwork accessories, which, depending on the shape of the coupled region of the relevant formwork accessory with coupling elements, as in FIGS. 33 to 35 drawn and described with reference to these figures, work, or with the other hand, modified coupling elements, which are each brought into engagement with one of the openings 30 or with an aligned pair of openings 30. For example, coupling elements with a different flange spacing a can be used. As in practice particularly frequent, exemplary cases of coupling accessories to be coupled directional supports or formwork brackets are called. But you can also train other connection options at other points of the support structure 4 for formwork accessories. It is emphasized that the drawn and described coupling element 110 with its first flange 148 and its second flange 152 is indeed a particularly favorable embodiment of a coupling element 110 used in the invention, but that coupling elements of other embodiments, also with a different clamping mechanism 156, are useful in the invention. Convenient, however, are coupling elements which cooperate with the openings 30 described in the edge walls 12 and 14 of the relevant formwork panel 2 and their environment, because there can provide in an unproblematic way for the necessary local stability and strength of the relevant panel 2.

Based on FIGS. 36 to 38 A ninth embodiment of a non-inventive formwork panel 2, including a modification of this formwork panel 2, will now be described.

The in the FIGS. 36 to 38 Panel 2 shown is composed of two components, namely a support structure 4 and a formwork skin 6, which is here formed by a single formwork skin element 8. Both the support structure 4 and the formwork skin element 8 consist entirely of plastic here.

Each of the two longitudinal edges of the support structure 4 has the shape of a double-walled wall 12, and each of the two transverse edges of the support structure 4 has the shape of a Double-walled wall 14. Between the transverse edge walls 14 and parallel to these there is a transverse partition wall 18 which is double-walled, in which case the distance between the partial walls is greater than in the case of the edge walls 12 and 14, respectively Between the described walls 12, 14, 18 and in each case delimited therefrom, two large openings 20, which are square in plan view, are formed, which pass from the front side 22 to the rear side 24 of the support structure 4. Instead of only a single transverse partition wall 18, as drawn, and a plurality of transverse partition walls 18 may be present.

In Fig. 37 it can be seen that the double walls 12, 14, 18 are closed on the rear side 24 of the support structure 4 by parallel to the formwork front side 10 extending material regions 26, but at the front 22 of the support structure 4 open, ie with spacing between the part walls , are. This shape is referred to as a U-shaped cross section of the double wall. The modified embodiment according to Fig. 38 differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 37 only in that the double walls 12, 14, 18 in their front side 22 of the supporting structure 4 adjacent end region each have a projecting to the respective opening 20, wall-widening flange 28, as in the first embodiment in Fig. 8 and in the sixth embodiment according to Fig. 29 already described and drawn. This shape is referred to as a hat-like cross section of the double wall.

The rear closure of the spacing space between the partial walls of the transverse partition wall 18 through the material region 26 there is essentially continuous and possibly only interrupted by channels 34 and 42 with a comparatively small cross-section passing through from the front side 22 to the rear side 24 of the support structure 4. as already described and drawn in the previous embodiments. In the case of the edge walls 12, 14, the closure of the spacing space between the part walls is more severely interrupted by the material areas 26 there and divided into sections, as described and drawn in more detail in the preceding embodiments.

Based on Fig. 39 Now, a tenth embodiment of a non-inventive formwork panel 2 will be described.

In the Fig. 39 2 is assembled from two components, namely a support structure 4 and a formwork skin 6, here of a single Formwork skin element 8 is formed. Both the support structure 4 and the formwork skin element 8 consist entirely of plastic here.

Each of the two longitudinal edges of the support structure 4 has the shape of a wall 12, and each of the two transverse edges of the support structure 4 has the shape of a wall 14. From the one transverse edge wall 14 to the other edge transverse wall 14 extends approximately centrally a longitudinal Partition wall 16, which divides into two semicircular arms 200 in two places. When the two semicircular arms 200 are combined at each of these two locations, a wall section in the form of a full circle is defined there, which delimits a circular opening 20. Each of the two openings 20 passes from the front side 22 to the rear side 24 of the support structure 4. Where there is no opening 20, the back of the support structure 4 is closed by a plate-like material region 202, except for any channels 34 and 42. The boundaries of the walls 12, 14, 16 are partially drawn in broken lines because they lie behind the plate-like material region 202. There may be other, if desired, also different running intermediate walls; the number of openings may be less than or greater than two.

Unlike the previous embodiments, in the tenth embodiment, the walls 12, 14, 16 are not formed as double walls, but could alternatively be formed as double walls.

For reasons of simplification is in the FIGS. 36 to 39 not drawn, as the support structure 4 and the formwork skin element 8 are connected to each other. For this purpose, in particular those types of connection are considered, which have been described in detail and drawn in the previous embodiments. The same applies to the formation of the edge walls 12, 14 with wall openings 30 and the associated division of the closing material areas 26 of the edge walls 12, 14 into sections, provided that the edge walls 12, 14 are double walls.

Also in the embodiments according to FIGS. 36 to 39 The respective support structure 4 and the respective formwork skin element 8 are each an integral injection molded plastic component or an integral die casting component made of plastic, ie support structure 4 and formwork element 8 each have a shape which allows the production by plastic injection molding or by plastic die casting.

Claims (18)

1. A formwork panel (2) for concrete-work shutterings (100; 120), comprising:

   a supporting structure (4) consisting substantially of plastics material; and

   a separate formwork skin (6) constituted by a single formwork skin element (8) substantially of plastics material or by several formwork skin elements (8) substantially of plastics material each;

   the formwork skin (6) being releasably connected to the supporting structure (4);

   characterized in

   that the supporting structure is formed substantially as a grating comprising longitudinal peripheral walls (12), transverse peripheral walls (14), longitudinal intermediate walls (16), transverse intermediate walls (18) as well as openings (20) between said walls (12, 14, 16, 18), which are open both towards the front side (22) of the supporting structure (4) and towards the rear side (24) of the supporting structure (4);

   and that, in at least one formwork skin element (8), there are locations of positive female/male engagement (40, 58; 40, 34) with the supporting structure (4), which is constituted by a receiving portion (58; 34) that is formed at a crossing location of two intermediate walls (16; 18), or a location where an intermediate wall (16; 18) merges with a peripheral wall (12; 14) or at a transition location of two peripheral walls (12; 14) in the supporting structure (4), and an extension (40) molded on said formwork skin element (8) and engaging with said receiving portion (58; 34), so that possible shear forces acting parallel to the formwork skin front side (10) are transferred between the respective formwork skin element (8) and the supporting structure (4).
2. A formwork panel according to claim 1,
   characterized in that at least one formwork skin element (8) of the formwork skin (6) has molded-on extensions (40; 84) that are releasably connected to the supporting structure (4) and have a function in transferring possible tensile forces between the supporting structure (4) and the respective formwork skin element (8).
3. A formwork panel according to claim 2,
   characterized in that, by way of the said molded-on extensions (40; 84), there is formed a plurality of distributed connecting points between the supporting structure (4) and the formwork skin (6).
4. A formwork panel according to any of claims 1 to 3,
   characterized in that the formwork skin (6) is connected to the supporting structure (4) by means of screws (70) and/or rivets (98) and/or clip-type connections (44, 48; 80, 82; 84, 88) and/or fused enlarged portions (98) on molded-on connecting pins and/or releasable adhesive connection(s).
5. A formwork panel according to any of claims 1 to 4,
   characterized in that at least a partial number of said engagement extensions (40) transferring possible shear forces at the same time are extensions (40) that also have a function in transferring possible tensile forces between the supporting structure (4) and the respective formwork skin element (8).
6. A formwork panel according to any of claims 1 to 5,
   characterized in that the supporting structure (4) is substantially an integral injection-molded component of plastics material or substantially an integral compression-molded component of plastics material.
7. A formwork panel according to any of claims 1 to 6,
   characterized in that there is provided at least one formwork skin element (8) which is substantially an integral injection-molded component of plastics material or substantially an integral compression-molded component of plastics material.
8. A formwork panel according to any of claims 1 to 7,
   characterized in that the plastics material of the supporting structure (4) is of higher strength than the plastics material of the single formwork skin element (8) or the plastics material or materials of the several formwork skin elements (8), preferably with the plastics material of the supporting structure (4) being fiber-reinforced and the plastics material of the single formwork skin element (8) or the plastics material or materials of the several formwork skin elements (8) being reinforced with particles.
9. A formwork panel according to any of claims 1 to 8,
   characterized in that the plastics material of at least one formwork skin element (8) is selected such that the formwork skin element (8) is nailable.
10. A formwork panel according to any of claims 1 to 9,
    characterized in that the supporting structure (4) comprises at least one double wall (12; 14; 16; 18), the two walls of which, on the rear side (24) of the supporting structure (4), are connected to each other in substantially continuous manner by a material portion (26) or are connected to each other in sections by material portions.
11. A formwork panel according to claim 10,
    characterized in that the double wall (12; 14; 16; 18) has a U-shaped or a hat-shaped cross-section.
12. A formwork panel according to claim 10 or 11,
    characterized in that the longitudinal peripheral walls (12) and/or the transverse peripheral walls (14) of the supporting structure (4) are formed as double walls; and that the longitudinal peripheral walls (12) in the form of double walls and/or the transverse peripheral walls (14) in the form of double walls each comprise a series of wall openings (30) traversing the two walls of the double walls, said openings (30) each having - extending in the longitudinal direction of the peripheral wall (12, 14) - an oval shape in the form of an elongated hole with a uniform size along the length thereof in the central wall opening portion - as measured at right angles to the formwork skin front side (10) - and being surrounded by an opening circumferential wall (32).
13. A wall shuttering (100) for concrete work,
    characterized in that it comprises a plurality of coupled formwork panels (2) according to any of claims 1 to 12.
14. A wall shuttering (100) for concrete work according to claim 13,
    characterized in
    that it comprises a plurality of coupled formwork panels (12) according to claim 12;
    that for coupling two adjacent formwork panels (2), there is used at least one coupling element (110) which has a shape resembling a door handle with a shaft portion (140) integrally formed thereon and having two flanges (148, 150) provided thereon; and
    in that the coupling element (110) cooperates with the said wall openings (30) of the formwork panels (2) and is designed such that it is brought into coupling engagement or out of coupling engagement by pivotal motion of its shaft portion (140) about the central axis (144).
15. A wall shuttering (100) for concrete work according to claim 14,
    characterized in
    that the shaft portion (140) of the coupling element (110) in the intermediate flange portion (141) between the first flange (148) and the second flange (150) is only substantially circular-cylindrical and has a slightly elongate cross-section which can be designed oval-like or resembling an ellipse or as two semi-circles with two straight portions in between; and
    in that the two participating formwork panels (2), due to the pivotal motion of the coupling element (110), are pulled into a front-sides aligning position since the largest thickness or the largest diameter of the intermediate flange portion (141) only with some play is as large as the respective size of the wall openings (30) of the two participating formwork panels (2), as measured in the central wall opening portion and perpendicularly to the formwork skin front side (10).
16. A ceiling shuttering (120) for concrete-work,
    characterized in that it comprises a plurality of formwork panels (2) according to any of claims 1 to 12.
17. A method of manufacturing a formwork panel (2) for concrete-work shutterings (100; 120) according to any of claims 1 to 12,
    characterized in that the supporting structure (4) is injection-molded or compression-molded from a plastics material;
    that a formwork skin element (8) along with the molded-on extensions (40) on its rear side (54) or several formwork skin elements (8) along with the molded-on extensions (40) on their rear sides (54) is/are injection-molded or compression-molded from a plastics material;
    and that

    (a) in the event that the formwork skin (6) is constituted by a single formwork skin element (8), this formwork skin element (8) is releasably attached to the supporting structure (4), or

    (b) in the event that the formwork skin (6) is constituted by several formwork skin elements (8), these several formwork skin elements (8) are releasably attached to the supporting structure (4).
18. A method according to claim 17,
    characterized in that screws (70) are threadedly engaged at least with a partial number of the extensions (40) from the rear side (24) of the supporting structure (4).

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