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EP3320614A1 - Assembly comprising a synchronous generator and an asynchronous machine - Google Patents

Assembly comprising a synchronous generator and an asynchronous machine

Info

Publication number
EP3320614A1
EP3320614A1 EP16740949.9A EP16740949A EP3320614A1 EP 3320614 A1 EP3320614 A1 EP 3320614A1 EP 16740949 A EP16740949 A EP 16740949A EP 3320614 A1 EP3320614 A1 EP 3320614A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
synchronous generator
asynchronous machine
rotor
machine
generator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16740949.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Helmut Niedrist
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Innio Jenbacher GmbH and Co OG
Original Assignee
GE Jenbacher GmbH and Co OHG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GE Jenbacher GmbH and Co OHG filed Critical GE Jenbacher GmbH and Co OHG
Publication of EP3320614A1 publication Critical patent/EP3320614A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/46—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
    • F02B63/042—Rotating electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/08—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems requiring starting of a prime-mover
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1815—Rotary generators structurally associated with reciprocating piston engines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P5/00—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors
    • H02P5/74—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors controlling two or more AC dynamo-electric motors
    • H02P5/747—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors controlling two or more AC dynamo-electric motors mechanically coupled by gearing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/04—Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/08—Control of generator circuit during starting or stopping of driving means, e.g. for initiating excitation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/02—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the engine
    • F02N2200/022—Engine speed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
    • H02P2101/25—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for combustion engines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2103/00—Controlling arrangements characterised by the type of generator
    • H02P2103/20—Controlling arrangements characterised by the type of generator of the synchronous type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
    • H02P2207/01—Asynchronous machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
    • H02P2207/03—Double rotor motors or generators, i.e. electromagnetic transmissions having double rotor with motor and generator functions, e.g. for electrical variable transmission

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement with a synchronous generator and a gene set and a method for operating a gene set.
  • gensets For decentralized power generation often called gensets are used, which are coupled to a generator (usually a synchronous generator) internal combustion engines.
  • generator usually a synchronous generator
  • common internal combustion engines can achieve outputs up to 10 MW (megawatts) or even higher and have corresponding dimensions.
  • these internal combustion engines run at a predetermined speed of the mains frequency, for example 1000 revolutions per minute at 50 Hz mains frequency and a pole pair number of 3.
  • the excitation power of the synchronous machine required at the rotor is transmitted to the rotor via a brushless auxiliary machine.
  • a brushless auxiliary machine For a general background reference is made, for example, to DE2235058 (A1), which shows an arrangement for exciting an asynchronously starting synchronous machine.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an arrangement with a synchronous generator, a gene set or a method for operating a gene set, which circumvents the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • a synchronous generator for converting mechanical power into electrical power, with a predetermined number of pole pairs
  • an asynchronous machine with a distinct rotor winding which is mechanically coupled to a rotor of the synchronous generator and has at least one greater number of pole pairs than the synchronous generator
  • asynchronous machine at a predetermined speed of the synchronous generator with respect to the synchronous generator over-synchronous and thus self-acting as a generator, i.
  • An asynchronous machine is simultaneously used as the exciter of the synchronous generator and as a starter motor.
  • the asynchronous machine has, for example, a pole pair number of 4, ie has 8 poles.
  • Prolonged rotor winding means that it is a wound coil and not a squirrel cage rotor.
  • the asynchronous machine is substantially smaller in electrical power, for example by a factor of 100, designed as the synchronous generator.
  • slip is usually abbreviated as "s”, with a negative slip designating a regenerative operation, with the operating state corresponding to s ⁇ 0.
  • At least one controlled, rotating rectifier unit is arranged on the rotor of the asynchronous machine, preferably designed as a rotating thyristor set.
  • the control signal of the thyristor set can be transmitted, for example, wirelessly by means of known systems to the runner.
  • This can be generated from the induced rotor voltage of the asynchronous machine, a variable excitation voltage for the synchronous generator. In this way, the exciter field of the synchronous generator can be controlled specifically.
  • At least one uncontrolled rectifier is arranged on the rotor of the asynchronous machine.
  • the excitation voltage of the synchronous generator can be controlled by varying the stator voltage of the asynchronous machine, for example via a static thyristor set.
  • a particularly advantageous feature of the arrangement is that an asynchronous machine designed in this way can also be used to crank the synchronous generator or, if the synchronous generator is connected to a drive machine, e.g. a reciprocating piston engine (internal combustion engine) is connected, can also use for starting the prime mover.
  • asynchronous machine is operated in a conventional manner as an electric motor. When expressed as slip, the operating state is then 0 ⁇ s ⁇ 1.
  • the asynchronous machine must be dimensioned for this purpose for applying the synchronous generator and for starting the prime mover torque.
  • the asynchronous machine can be used as an exciter machine for the synchronous generator and at the same time as a starter motor for the prime mover.
  • significantly higher starting speeds than conventional starter motors can be achieved, making a coupled reciprocating engine easier to start.
  • Conventional starter motors usually achieve much lower speeds.
  • the drive machine is a reciprocating engine, particularly preferably a stationary gas engine.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for use on stationary internal combustion engines, especially gas engines, in particular for internal combustion engines, which are coupled with a synchronous generator to a set of gensets for decentralized power supply. The invention will be explained in more detail with the following figures.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 show arrangements of a synchronous generator and an asynchronous machine in two variants, which differ with respect to the voltage regulation. Comments on FIG. 1 apply to FIG. 2 and vice versa. Shown is a synchronous generator 1 and a power much smaller asynchronous machine 2, which are arranged on a common rotor 3.
  • a drive machine 6 which can be connected to the rotor 3 designed as a shaft.
  • a drive machine 6 which can be connected to the rotor 3 designed as a shaft.
  • the synchronous generator 1 has three pole pairs and the asynchronous machine 2 has four pole pairs.
  • an engine 6, such as a reciprocating engine may be coupled via a mechanical coupling 10 to the rotor 3 which is designed as a shaft.
  • the rotor winding 7 of the asynchronous machine 2 is electrically connected to the field winding 4 of the synchronous generator 1, depending on the variant via a controlled rectifier 13 ( Figure 1) or uncontrolled rectifier 14 ( Figure 2).
  • the rotor winding 7 is optionally applied with an adjustable impedance 1 1 to increase the torque.
  • a control device 5 can be connected via control lines (not shown) to the windings 4, 7, 8, 9, the impedance 1 1, the drive machine 6 (if present) and the rotor 3, preferably by means of contactless transmission to the rotor.
  • the voltage regulation of the exciter voltage takes place of the synchronous generator 1 via a controlled, rotating rectifier unit 13, preferably by means of a controlled, rotating thyristor set.
  • the voltage regulation of the exciter voltage L sY of the synchronous generator 1 takes place via an uncontrolled, rotating rectifier unit 14, preferably a diode rectifier, and a static voltage regulator 15 of the asynchronous machine 2, preferably by means of a static thyristor set.
  • the nominal power of the synchronous generator 1 may be, for example, 12 MVA (megavolt ampere) and the nominal power of the asynchronous machine 2 about 50 kVA (kilovolts).
  • the function of the asynchronous machine 2 as an exciter machine for the synchronous generator 1, that is, the function of the asynchronous machine 2 in generator mode explained.
  • the following numerical example is, of course, also applicable to other embodiments than shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the slip s of the asynchronous machine 2 is determined.
  • This power P 2 can be applied to the rotor 3 with the frequency f 2
  • the stationary asynchronous machine 2 By connecting the stationary asynchronous machine 2 to a three-phase system 12, this can be operated as an electric motor. Due to the pronounced rotor winding 7 of the asynchronous machine 2, the starting current will be lower than in a squirrel-cage rotor, and the starting torque be greater.
  • an auxiliary impedance 1 1 instead of the field winding 4 are switched, as indicated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. So the starting torque can be optimized.
  • the design of the auxiliary impedance 1 1 depends on the electrical and mechanical parameters of the arrangement.
  • the asynchronous machine 2 accelerates the arrangement to a speed close to the nominal rotational speed n N ASY of the asynchronous machine 2 (approximately 750 rpm in the cited FIG Numerical example). This speed is much higher than in conventional starter systems, which has an advantageous effect on the start of a reciprocating engine.
  • a controlled, rotating rectifier unit 13 preferably a thyristor control set, effects a variable exciter voltage of the synchronous generator 1.
  • the rectifier unit 13 is designed as a controlled, rotating Thyristor plausible that a particularly fast control of the excitation voltage allows the synchronous generator 1, and also switched on and off without delay.
  • FIG. 2 shows an arrangement of a synchronous generator 1 and an asynchronous machine 2 according to the second variant:
  • the voltage regulation of the excitation voltage takes place of the synchronous generator 1 by varying the stator voltage of the asynchronous machine 2 preferably by a static Thyristor einsatz 15 in the stator of the induction machine 2 and an uncontrolled rectifier 14 in the rotor 3.
  • the induced rotor voltage U2ASY is changed, and thus via the rectifier 14, the excitation voltage
  • This arrangement allows control of the excitation voltage the synchronous generator 1, for which no control signals in the rotor 3 are required.
  • Thyristor horrsatz 15 can also be used for a soft start of the asynchronous machine 2 when starting the drive machine 6.
  • the advantages of this variant are the simpler and more favorable control than with controlled thyristors in the rotor and the possibility for a soft start of the asynchronous machine 2 in start mode.
  • a disadvantage is the longer control times of the excitation voltage of the synchronous generator.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

Assembly comprising a synchronous generator (1) for converting mechanical power into electric power, said synchronous generator having a predefined number of pairs of poles, the assembly further comprising an asynchronous machine (2) that has a wound rotor coil, is mechanically coupled to a rotor (3) of the synchronous generator (1) and has at least one pair of poles more than the synchronous generator (1).

Description

Anordnung mit einem Synchrongenerator und einer Asynchronmaschine  Arrangement with a synchronous generator and an asynchronous machine
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung mit einem Synchrongenerator sowie ein Genset und ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gensets. The invention relates to an arrangement with a synchronous generator and a gene set and a method for operating a gene set.
Zur dezentralen Energieerzeugung werden häufig sogenannte Gensets eingesetzt, das sind mit einem Generator (meist einem Synchrongenerator) gekoppelte Brennkraftmaschinen. Für diese Anwendung gebräuchliche Brennkraftmaschinen können Leistungen bis 10 MW (Megawatt) oder sogar darüber erzielen und weisen dementsprechende Abmessungen auf. For decentralized power generation often called gensets are used, which are coupled to a generator (usually a synchronous generator) internal combustion engines. For this application common internal combustion engines can achieve outputs up to 10 MW (megawatts) or even higher and have corresponding dimensions.
Im Betrieb laufen diese Brennkraftmaschinen bei einer von der Netzfrequenz vorgegebenen Drehzahl, beispielsweise 1000 Umdrehungen pro Minute bei 50 Hz Netzfrequenz und einer Polpaarzahl von 3. In operation, these internal combustion engines run at a predetermined speed of the mains frequency, for example 1000 revolutions per minute at 50 Hz mains frequency and a pole pair number of 3.
Üblicherweise wird die am Läufer benötigte Erregungsleistung der Synchronmaschine über eine bürstenlose Hilfsmaschine an den Läufer übertragen. Zum allgemeinen Hintergrund sei beispielsweise auf die DE2235058 (A1 ) verwiesen, die eine Anordnung zur Erregung einer asynchron anlaufenden Synchronmaschine zeigt. Usually, the excitation power of the synchronous machine required at the rotor is transmitted to the rotor via a brushless auxiliary machine. For a general background reference is made, for example, to DE2235058 (A1), which shows an arrangement for exciting an asynchronously starting synchronous machine.
Zum Überwinden der hohen Anlaufmomente erfordert das Starten solcher Brennkraftmaschinen Startvorrichtungen mit großer Leistung. Für Brennkraftmaschinen über 5 MW werden in der Regel pneumatische Startvorrichtungen eingesetzt, darunter kommen meist elektrische Starter zum Einsatz. Insbesondere pneumatischeTo overcome the high starting torques, starting such internal combustion engines requires high power starters. For internal combustion engines over 5 MW pneumatic starting devices are usually used, including mostly electric starters are used. In particular pneumatic
Startvorrichtungen sind sehr kostspielig und erfordern viel Platz. Starting devices are very expensive and require a lot of space.
Es sind also sowohl für die Erregung des Synchrongenerators als auch zum Starten der Brennkraftmaschine teure Zusatzaggregate erforderlich.  So it is necessary both for the excitation of the synchronous generator and for starting the internal combustion engine expensive auxiliary equipment.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine Anordnung mit einem Synchrongenerator, ein Genset bzw. ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gensets anzugeben, welche bzw. welches die Nachteile aus dem Stand der Technik umgeht. Gelöst werden diese Aufgaben durch eine Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 , ein Genset nach Anspruch 7 bzw. ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 9. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben. Durch eine Anordnung mit The object of the present invention is to provide an arrangement with a synchronous generator, a gene set or a method for operating a gene set, which circumvents the disadvantages of the prior art. These objects are achieved by an arrangement according to claim 1, a gene set according to claim 7 or a method according to claim 9. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims. By an arrangement with
einem Synchrongenerator zur Umwandlung von mechanischer Leistung in elektrische Leistung, mit einer vorgegebenen Polpaarzahl  a synchronous generator for converting mechanical power into electrical power, with a predetermined number of pole pairs
einer Asynchronmaschine mit ausgeprägter Läuferwicklung, die mit einem Rotor des Synchrongenerators mechanisch gekoppelt ist und eine um wenigstens 1 größere Polpaarzahl als der Synchrongenerator aufweist,  an asynchronous machine with a distinct rotor winding, which is mechanically coupled to a rotor of the synchronous generator and has at least one greater number of pole pairs than the synchronous generator,
wird erreicht, dass die Asynchronmaschine bei einer vorgegebenen Drehzahl des Synchrongenerators gegenüber dem Synchrongenerator übersynchron und damit selbst als Generator wirkend läuft, d.h. es wird eine Asynchronmaschine gleichzeitig als Erregermaschine des Synchrongenerators und als Startermotor verwendet. is achieved that the asynchronous machine at a predetermined speed of the synchronous generator with respect to the synchronous generator over-synchronous and thus self-acting as a generator, i. An asynchronous machine is simultaneously used as the exciter of the synchronous generator and as a starter motor.
An einem Zahlenbeispiel illustriert bedeutet dies, dass bei einer Polpaarzahl des Synchrongenerators von 3 die Asynchronmaschine beispielsweise eine Polpaarzahl von 4 aufweist, also 8 Pole hat. „Ausgeprägte Läuferwicklung" bedeutet, dass es sich um eine gewickelte Spule und nicht um einen Kurzschlussläufer (Käfigläufer) handelt. Illustrated by a numerical example, this means that in the case of a pole pair number of the synchronous generator of FIG. 3, the asynchronous machine has, for example, a pole pair number of 4, ie has 8 poles. "Prolonged rotor winding" means that it is a wound coil and not a squirrel cage rotor.
Bevorzugt ist die Asynchronmaschine in Bezug auf die elektrische Leistung wesentlich kleiner, zum Beispiel um einen Faktor 100, ausgebildet als der Synchrongenerator. Preferably, the asynchronous machine is substantially smaller in electrical power, for example by a factor of 100, designed as the synchronous generator.
Bei einer als gegeben angesehenen Drehzahl des Synchrongenerators von beispielsweise 1000 Umin-1 läuft die Asynchronmaschine wegen der höheren Polpaarzahl mit konstanten Schlupf, also im generatorischen Betrieb. Schlupf wird üblicherweise mit„s" abgekürzt, wobei ein negativer Schlupf einen generatorischen Betrieb bezeichnet. Der Betriebszustand lautet dem entsprechend s < 0. At a considered as given speed of the synchronous generator, for example, 1000 rpm in the asynchronous machine runs because of the higher number of pole pairs with constant slip, so in generator mode. Slip is usually abbreviated as "s", with a negative slip designating a regenerative operation, with the operating state corresponding to s <0.
Dies eröffnet die Möglichkeit, die Asynchronmaschine zur Versorgung der Erregerwicklung des Synchrongenerators mit elektrischer Leistung über den Rotor heranzuziehen. Zur Steuerung der von der Asynchronmaschine erzeugten Erregerspannung des Synchrongenerators sind verschiedene Varianten möglich: This opens up the possibility of using the asynchronous machine to supply the exciter winding of the synchronous generator with electrical power via the rotor. Various variants are possible for controlling the excitation voltage of the synchronous generator generated by the asynchronous machine:
So kann vorgesehen sein, dass am Läufer der Asynchronmaschine wenigstens eine gesteuerte, rotierende Gleichrichtereinheit angeordnet ist, vorzugsweise als rotierender Thyristorsatz ausgeführt. Das Steuersignal des Thyristorsatzes kann beispielsweise drahtlos mittels bekannten Systemen an den Läufer übertragen werden. It can thus be provided that at least one controlled, rotating rectifier unit is arranged on the rotor of the asynchronous machine, preferably designed as a rotating thyristor set. The control signal of the thyristor set can be transmitted, for example, wirelessly by means of known systems to the runner.
Damit kann aus der der induzierten Läuferspannung der Asynchronmaschine eine variable Erregerspannung für den Synchrongenerator erzeugt werden. Auf diese Weise lässt sich das Erregerfeld des Synchrongenerators gezielt regeln. This can be generated from the induced rotor voltage of the asynchronous machine, a variable excitation voltage for the synchronous generator. In this way, the exciter field of the synchronous generator can be controlled specifically.
Gemäß einer anderen Variante kann vorgesehen sein, dass am Läufer der Asynchronmaschine wenigstens ein ungesteuerter Gleichrichter angeordnet ist. According to another variant it can be provided that at least one uncontrolled rectifier is arranged on the rotor of the asynchronous machine.
Auf diese Weise lässt sich die Erregerspannung des Synchrongenerators durch Variation der Ständerspannung der Asynchronmaschine, beispielsweise über einen statischen Thyristorsatz steuern. In this way, the excitation voltage of the synchronous generator can be controlled by varying the stator voltage of the asynchronous machine, for example via a static thyristor set.
Besonders vorteilhaft an der Anordnung ist, dass eine so ausgebildete Asynchronmaschine auch zum Andrehen des Synchrongenerators, bzw., wenn der Synchrongenerator mit einer Antriebsmaschine, z.B. einer Hubkolbenmaschine (Brennkraftmaschine) verbunden ist, auch zum Starten der Antriebsmaschine verwenden lässt. In diesem Fall wird die Asynchronmaschine in herkömmlicher Weise als Elektromotor betrieben. Als Schlupf ausgedrückt, lautet der Betriebszustand dann 0 < s < 1 . A particularly advantageous feature of the arrangement is that an asynchronous machine designed in this way can also be used to crank the synchronous generator or, if the synchronous generator is connected to a drive machine, e.g. a reciprocating piston engine (internal combustion engine) is connected, can also use for starting the prime mover. In this case, the asynchronous machine is operated in a conventional manner as an electric motor. When expressed as slip, the operating state is then 0 <s <1.
Die Asynchronmaschine muss dazu für das zum Andrehen des Synchrongenerators und zum Starten der Antriebsmaschine aufzubringende Moment dimensioniert werden. Auf diese Weise ist die Asynchronmaschine als Erregermaschine für den Synchrongenerator und gleichzeitig als Startermotor für die Antriebsmaschine nutzbar. Auf zusätzliche Startvorrichtungen und Erregermaschinen kann verzichtet werden. Ein weiterer Vorteil der Anordnung ist es, dass die Drehzahl der Anordnung bei Verwendung der Asynchronmaschine im motorischen Betrieb annähernd bis auf Schlupf s = 0 gesteigert werden könnte, also fast 750 U/min im erwähnten Zahlenbeispiel. Somit sind wesentliche höhere Startdrehzahlen als bei herkömmlichen Startermotoren erzielbar, womit ein gekoppelter Hubkolbenmotor leichter zu starten ist. Herkömmliche Startermotoren erreichen in der Regel wesentlich niedrigere Drehzahlen. The asynchronous machine must be dimensioned for this purpose for applying the synchronous generator and for starting the prime mover torque. In this way, the asynchronous machine can be used as an exciter machine for the synchronous generator and at the same time as a starter motor for the prime mover. On additional starting devices and exciters can be dispensed with. A further advantage of the arrangement is that the speed of the arrangement could be increased approximately to slip s = 0 when using the asynchronous machine in motor operation, ie almost 750 rpm in the mentioned numerical example. Thus, significantly higher starting speeds than conventional starter motors can be achieved, making a coupled reciprocating engine easier to start. Conventional starter motors usually achieve much lower speeds.
Bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, dass es sich bei der Antriebsmaschine um einen Hubkolbenmotor handelt, besonders bevorzugt um einen stationären Gasmotor handelt. Die Erfindung eignet sich insbesondere für die Anwendung auf stationäre Brennkraftmaschinen, besonders Gasmotoren, insbesondere für Brennkraftmaschinen, die mit einem Synchrongenerator zu einem Genset zur dezentralen Energieversorgung gekoppelt sind. Die Erfindung wird mit nachfolgenden Figuren näher erläutert. It is preferably provided that the drive machine is a reciprocating engine, particularly preferably a stationary gas engine. The invention is particularly suitable for use on stationary internal combustion engines, especially gas engines, in particular for internal combustion engines, which are coupled with a synchronous generator to a set of gensets for decentralized power supply. The invention will be explained in more detail with the following figures.
Figur 1 und 2 zeigen Anordnungen eines Synchrongenerators und einer Asynchronmaschine in zwei Varianten, die sich bezüglich der Spannungsregelung unterscheiden. Ausführungen zu Figur 1 gelten für Figur 2 und umgekehrt. Gezeigt ist ein Synchrongenerator 1 und eine leistungsmäßig wesentlich kleinere Asynchronmaschine 2, die an einem gemeinsamen Rotor 3 angeordnet sind.  Figures 1 and 2 show arrangements of a synchronous generator and an asynchronous machine in two variants, which differ with respect to the voltage regulation. Comments on FIG. 1 apply to FIG. 2 and vice versa. Shown is a synchronous generator 1 and a power much smaller asynchronous machine 2, which are arranged on a common rotor 3.
Angedeutet ist weiters eine Antriebsmaschine 6, die mit dem als Welle ausgebildeten Rotor 3 verbindbar ist. Zu erkennen ist weiters die Erregerwicklung 4 des Rotors der Synchronmaschine 1 sowie die Läuferwicklung 7 der Asynchronmaschine 2. Also indicated is a drive machine 6 which can be connected to the rotor 3 designed as a shaft. To recognize further is the exciter winding 4 of the rotor of the synchronous machine 1 and the rotor winding 7 of the asynchronous second
In beiden Ausführungsbeispielen weist der Synchrongenerator 1 drei Polpaare auf und die Asynchronmaschine 2 vier Polpaare auf. An dem als Welle ausgebildeten Rotor 3 kann beispielsweise eine Antriebsmaschine 6, etwa ein Hubkolbenmotor, über eine mechanische Kopplung 10 gekoppelt sein. Die Läuferwicklung 7 der Asynchronmaschine 2 ist elektrisch mit der Erregerwicklung 4 des Synchrongenerators 1 verbunden, je nach Variante über einen gesteuerten Gleichrichter 13 (Fig.1 ) oder ungesteuerten Gleichrichter 14 (Fig. 2). Für den motorischen Betrieb der Asynchronmaschine 2, d.h. während eines Startvorganges (die Asynchronmaschine 2 wirkt als Starter-Motor) ist die Läuferwicklung 7 optional mit einer verstellbaren Impedanz 1 1 beaufschlagt, um das Anzugsmoment zu erhöhen. Eine Steuereinrichtung 5 ist über Steuerleitungen (nicht gezeigt) mit den Wicklungen 4, 7, 8, 9, der Impedanz 1 1 , der Antriebsmaschine 6 (falls vorhanden) und dem Rotor 3 verbindbar, vorzugsweise mittels kontaktloser Übertragung auf den Rotor. In both embodiments, the synchronous generator 1 has three pole pairs and the asynchronous machine 2 has four pole pairs. For example, an engine 6, such as a reciprocating engine, may be coupled via a mechanical coupling 10 to the rotor 3 which is designed as a shaft. The rotor winding 7 of the asynchronous machine 2 is electrically connected to the field winding 4 of the synchronous generator 1, depending on the variant via a controlled rectifier 13 (Figure 1) or uncontrolled rectifier 14 (Figure 2). For the motor operation of the asynchronous machine 2, ie during a starting process (the asynchronous machine 2 acts as a starter motor), the rotor winding 7 is optionally applied with an adjustable impedance 1 1 to increase the torque. A control device 5 can be connected via control lines (not shown) to the windings 4, 7, 8, 9, the impedance 1 1, the drive machine 6 (if present) and the rotor 3, preferably by means of contactless transmission to the rotor.
In der gezeigten Variante von Figur 1 erfolgt die Spannungsregelung der Erregerspannung des Synchrongenerators 1 über eine gesteuerte, rotierende Gleichrichtereinheit 13, vorzugsweise mittels eines gesteuerten, rotierenden Thyristorsatzes. In the variant of FIG. 1 shown, the voltage regulation of the exciter voltage takes place of the synchronous generator 1 via a controlled, rotating rectifier unit 13, preferably by means of a controlled, rotating thyristor set.
In der Variante gemäß Figur 2 erfolgt die Spannungsregelung der Erregerspannung L sY des Synchrongenerators 1 über eine ungesteuerte, rotierende Gleichrichtereinheit 14, vorzugsweise einen Diodengleichrichter, und einer statischen Spannungsregelung 15 der Asynchronmaschine 2, vorzugsweise mittels eines statischen Thyristorsatzes. In the variant according to FIG. 2, the voltage regulation of the exciter voltage L sY of the synchronous generator 1 takes place via an uncontrolled, rotating rectifier unit 14, preferably a diode rectifier, and a static voltage regulator 15 of the asynchronous machine 2, preferably by means of a static thyristor set.
Zur Illustration der Leistungsverhältnisse zwischen dem Synchrongenerator 1 und der Asynchronmaschine 2 seien ganz beispielhaft Zahlenwerte für die Nennleistungen genannt: so kann die Nennleistung des Synchrongenerators 1 beispielsweise 12 MVA (Megavoltampere) betragen und die Nennleistung der Asynchronmaschine 2 ca. 50 kVA (Kilovoltampere). Im Folgenden sei die Funktion der Asynchronmaschine 2 als Erregermaschine für den Synchrongenerator 1 , das heißt die Funktion der Asynchronmaschine 2 im Generatorbetrieb erläutert. Das folgende Zahlenbeispiel ist selbstverständlich auch für andere als in Figur 1 und 2 gezeigte Ausführungsbeispiele anwendbar. Zunächst wird der Schlupf s der Asynchronmaschine 2 bestimmt. Die Asynchronmaschine 2 weise eine Nenndrehzahl nN von 750 Umin-1 auf, die Betriebsdrehzahl n des Synchrongenerators 1 sei 1000 Umin-1 . Dann berechnet sich der Schlupf s der Asynchronmaschine 2 wie folgt: s=(nN -n)/nN = (750-1000)/750= - 0,3333 Daraus ergibt sich eine im Läufer vorhandene Leistung P2 von: To illustrate the power ratios between the synchronous generator 1 and the asynchronous machine 2, numerical values for the nominal powers are given by way of example: the nominal power of the synchronous generator 1 may be, for example, 12 MVA (megavolt ampere) and the nominal power of the asynchronous machine 2 about 50 kVA (kilovolts). In the following, the function of the asynchronous machine 2 as an exciter machine for the synchronous generator 1, that is, the function of the asynchronous machine 2 in generator mode explained. The following numerical example is, of course, also applicable to other embodiments than shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. First, the slip s of the asynchronous machine 2 is determined. The asynchronous machine 2 has a rated speed n N of 750 rpm, the operating speed n of the synchronous generator 1 is 1000 rpm. Then, the slip s of the asynchronous machine 2 is calculated as follows: s = (n N -n) / n N = (750-1000) / 750 = -0.3333 This results in an existing power in the rotor P 2 of:
P2 =S*P =s/(1 -s)*Pm = - 0,25 * Pm mit Pm der mechanischen Antriebsleistung der Welle (Rotor 3). P 2 = S * P = s / (1-s) * P m = -0.25 * P m with P m of the mechanical drive power of the shaft (rotor 3).
Diese Leistung P2 kann am Rotor 3 mit der Frequenz f2 This power P 2 can be applied to the rotor 3 with the frequency f 2
f2 =s*fi = -0,3333 * 50 = -16,66 Hz f 2 = s * fi = -0.3333 * 50 = -16.66 Hz
abgegriffen werden. be tapped.
Die Läuferspannung der Asynchronmaschine 2 U2ASY liegt also mit der Frequenz f2 =16,66Hz an. Diese Spannung wird je nach Ausführungsvariante mittels gesteuerten oder ungesteuerten, rotierenden Gleichrichtern gleichgerichtet und dient als Erregerspannung der Synchronmaschine. The rotor voltage of the asynchronous machine 2 U2ASY is thus at the frequency f 2 = 16.66 Hz. Depending on the variant, this voltage is rectified by means of controlled or uncontrolled rotating rectifiers and serves as excitation voltage the synchronous machine.
Im Stator der Asynchronmaschine 2 ergibt sich folgende Leistung Pi die ins Netz gespeist werden kann, nach Abzug der Verluste: In the stator of the asynchronous machine 2 results in the following power Pi which can be fed into the grid, after deducting the losses:
P^ =Pm /(1 -s)=0,75*Pm Im Folgenden sei die Funktion der Asynchronmaschine 2 im motorischen Betrieb erläutert: P ^ = P m / (1-s) = 0.75 * P m In the following, the function of the asynchronous machine 2 in motor operation is explained:
Durch Zuschalten der stillstehenden Asynchronmaschine 2 an ein Drehstromnetz 12 ist diese als Elektromotor betreibbar. Durch die ausgeprägte Läuferwicklung 7 der Asynchronmaschine 2 wird der Anlaufstrom geringer ausfallen als bei einem Kurzschlussläufer, und das Anlaufdrehmoment grösser sein.  By connecting the stationary asynchronous machine 2 to a three-phase system 12, this can be operated as an electric motor. Due to the pronounced rotor winding 7 of the asynchronous machine 2, the starting current will be lower than in a squirrel-cage rotor, and the starting torque be greater.
Zusätzlich kann zur Verbesserung des Startverhaltens (d.h. während des Motorbetriebs der Asynchronmaschine 2, also bei untersynchronen Drehzahlen) an der Läuferwicklung 7 der Asynchronmaschine 2 eine Hilfsimpedanz 1 1 statt der Erregerwicklung 4 geschaltet werden, wie in Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 angedeutet. So kann das Anlaufdrehmoment optimiert werden. Die Auslegung der Hilfsimpedanz 1 1 richtet sich nach den elektrischen und mechanischen Größen der Anordnung.  In addition, to improve the starting behavior (i.e., during the motor operation of the asynchronous machine 2, ie at sub-synchronous speeds) on the rotor winding 7 of the asynchronous machine 2, an auxiliary impedance 1 1 instead of the field winding 4 are switched, as indicated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. So the starting torque can be optimized. The design of the auxiliary impedance 1 1 depends on the electrical and mechanical parameters of the arrangement.
Wird die Asynchronmaschine 2 nun aus dem Netz 12 mit Leistung versorgt, beschleunigt die Asynchronmaschine 2 die Anordnung auf eine Drehzahl nahe der Nenndrehzahl nNASY der Asynchronmaschine 2 (ca. 750rpm im genannten Zahlenbeispiel). Diese Drehzahl ist wesentlich höher als bei herkömmlichen Startersystemen, was sich vorteilhaft auf den Start einer Hubkolbenmaschine auswirkt. If the asynchronous machine 2 is now supplied with power from the network 12, the asynchronous machine 2 accelerates the arrangement to a speed close to the nominal rotational speed n N ASY of the asynchronous machine 2 (approximately 750 rpm in the cited FIG Numerical example). This speed is much higher than in conventional starter systems, which has an advantageous effect on the start of a reciprocating engine.
Ist an der Anordnung noch eine Brennkraftmaschine 6 vorgesehen, kann diese nun die Anordnung aus Synchrongenerator 1 , Asynchronmaschine 2 und Antriebsmaschine 6 auf eine Nenndrehzahl des Synchrongenerators 1 (im genannten Beispiel 1000 Umin"1) weiter beschleunigen, wodurch die Asynchronmaschine 2 stufenlos in den vorhin beschriebenen Generatorbetrieb übergeht. Zur Regelung der Erregerspannung des Synchrongenerators 1 bestehen zwei Varianten: Is at the arrangement still an internal combustion engine 6 is provided, this may now the arrangement of the synchronous generator 1, the asynchronous machine 2 and the drive machine 6 to a rated speed of the synchronous generator 1 (in the example 1000 rpm "1) continue to accelerate, making the induction motor 2 continuously in the earlier There are two variants for controlling the excitation voltage of the synchronous generator 1:
In einer ersten Variante, wie in Figur 1 dargestellt, bewirkt eine gesteuerte, rotierende Gleichrichtereinheit 13, vorzugsweise ein Thyristorsteuersatz, eine variable Erregerspannung des Synchrongenerators 1 . In a first variant, as shown in FIG. 1, a controlled, rotating rectifier unit 13, preferably a thyristor control set, effects a variable exciter voltage of the synchronous generator 1.
Bevorzugt wird die Gleichrichtereinheit 13 als gesteuerter, rotierender Thyristorsteuersatz ausgeführt, der eine besonders schnelle Regelung der Erregerspannung des Synchrongenerators 1 erlaubt, und außerdem ohne Verzögerung zu- und weggeschaltet werden kann. Preferably, the rectifier unit 13 is designed as a controlled, rotating Thyristorsteuersatz that a particularly fast control of the excitation voltage allows the synchronous generator 1, and also switched on and off without delay.
Figur 2 zeigt eine Anordnung eines Synchrongenerators 1 und einer Asynchronmaschine 2 gemäß der zweiten Variante: FIG. 2 shows an arrangement of a synchronous generator 1 and an asynchronous machine 2 according to the second variant:
Hier erfolgt die Spannungsregelung der Erregerspannung des Synchrongenerators 1 durch Variieren der Statorspannung der Asynchronmaschine 2 vorzugsweise durch einen statischen Thyristorsteuersatz 15 im Ständer der Asynchronmaschine 2 und über einen ungesteuerten Gleichrichter 14 im Rotor 3. Dadurch wird die induzierte Läuferspannung U2ASY verändert, und somit über den Gleichrichter 14 die Erregerspannung Diese Anordnung erlaubt eine Regelung der Erregerspannung des Synchrongenerators 1 , für die keine Steuersignale im Rotor 3 erforderlich sind. Here the voltage regulation of the excitation voltage takes place of the synchronous generator 1 by varying the stator voltage of the asynchronous machine 2 preferably by a static Thyristorsteuersatz 15 in the stator of the induction machine 2 and an uncontrolled rectifier 14 in the rotor 3. As a result, the induced rotor voltage U2ASY is changed, and thus via the rectifier 14, the excitation voltage This arrangement allows control of the excitation voltage the synchronous generator 1, for which no control signals in the rotor 3 are required.
Zusätzlich kann der Thyristorsteuersatz 15 auch für einen Sanftanlauf der Asynchronmaschine 2 beim Starten der Antriebsmaschine 6 verwendet werden. Die Vorteile dieser Variante sind die einfachere und günstigere Regelung als mit gesteuerten Thyristoren im Rotor und die Möglichkeit für einen Sanftanlauf der Asynchronmaschine 2 bei Startmodus. Nachteilig sind die längeren Regelzeiten der Erregerspannung des Synchrongenerators. In addition, the Thyristorsteuersatz 15 can also be used for a soft start of the asynchronous machine 2 when starting the drive machine 6. The advantages of this variant are the simpler and more favorable control than with controlled thyristors in the rotor and the possibility for a soft start of the asynchronous machine 2 in start mode. A disadvantage is the longer control times of the excitation voltage of the synchronous generator.
Liste der verwendeten Bezugszeichen: List of reference numbers used:
1 Synchrongenerator 1 synchronous generator
2 Asynchronmaschine  2 asynchronous machine
3 Rotor  3 rotor
4 Erregerwicklung des Synchrongenerators 1  4 excitation winding of the synchronous generator 1
5 Steuervorrichtung  5 control device
6 Antriebsmaschine  6 prime mover
7 Läuferwicklung der Asynchronmaschine 2  7 rotor winding of the asynchronous machine 2
8 Statorwicklung des Synchrongenerators 1  8 stator winding of the synchronous generator 1
9 Statorwicklung der Asynchronmaschine 2  9 stator winding of the asynchronous machine 2
10 mechanische Kopplung zur Antriebsmaschine 6  10 mechanical coupling to the drive machine 6
1 1 Hilfsimpedanz  1 1 auxiliary impedance
12 Netz  12 network
13 gesteuerte, rotierende Gleichrichtereinheit (z.B. Thyristoren) 13 controlled rotating rectifier unit (e.g., thyristors)
14 ungesteuerter, rotierender Gleichrichter (z.B. Dioden)14 uncontrolled rotating rectifiers (e.g., diodes)
15 statische Spannungssteuerung (z.B. Thyristorsteuersatz) s Schlupf 15 static voltage control (e.g., thyristor control set) s slip
n Betriebsdrehzahl des Synchrongenerators 1 n operating speed of the synchronous generator 1
nN Nenndrehzahl der Asynchronmaschine 2 n N rated speed of the asynchronous machine 2
Pi von Asynchronmaschine 2 ins Netz 12 speisbare Leistung Pi of asynchronous 2 into the network 12 feedable power
P2 Leistung im Läufer P 2 performance in the runner
Pm mechanische Antriebsleistung P m mechanical drive power
fi Netzfrequenz fi mains frequency
f2 Frequenz der Läuferspannung der Asynchronmaschine 2 f 2 frequency of the rotor voltage of the asynchronous machine 2
U2ASY Läuferspannung der Asynchronmaschine U2ASY rotor voltage of the asynchronous machine
L sY Erregerspannung des Synchrongenerators  L sY excitation voltage of the synchronous generator
Z Impedanz  Z impedance

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
Anordnung mit: Arrangement with:
- einem Synchrongenerator (1 ) zur Umwandlung von mechanischer Leistung in elektrische Leistung, mit einer vorgegebenen Polpaarzahl  - A synchronous generator (1) for the conversion of mechanical power into electrical power, with a predetermined number of pole pairs
- einer Asynchronmaschine (2), mit ausgeprägter Läuferwicklung, die mit einem Rotor (3) des Synchrongenerators (1 ) mechanisch gekoppelt ist und eine um wenigstens 1 größere Polpaarzahl als der Synchrongenerator (1 ) aufweist.  - An asynchronous machine (2), with pronounced rotor winding which is mechanically coupled to a rotor (3) of the synchronous generator (1) and having at least one larger pole pair number than the synchronous generator (1).
Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 , wobei wenigstens eine Läuferwicklung eines Läufers der Asynchronmaschine (2) mit wenigstens einer Erregerwicklung (4) des Rotors des Synchrongenerators (1 ) elektrisch gekoppelt ist. Arrangement according to claim 1, wherein at least one rotor winding of a rotor of the asynchronous machine (2) with at least one field winding (4) of the rotor of the synchronous generator (1) is electrically coupled.
Anordnung nach Anspruch 2, wobei eine Steuervorrichtung (5) zur Steuerung oder Regelung der in der wenigstens einen Erregerwicklung (4) des Rotors (3) des Synchrongenerators (1 ) durch die elektrische Kopplung anliegenden Spannung vorgesehen ist. Arrangement according to claim 2, wherein a control device (5) for controlling or in the at least one excitation winding (4) of the rotor (3) of the synchronous generator (1) is provided by the electrical coupling voltage.
Anordnung nach Anspruch 2, wobei am Läufer der Asynchronmaschine (2) wenigstens eine gesteuerte, rotierende Gleichrichtereinheit (13) angeordnet ist. Arrangement according to claim 2, wherein at least one controlled, rotating rectifier unit (13) is arranged on the rotor of the asynchronous machine (2).
Anordnung nach Anspruch 2, wobei am Läufer der Asynchronmaschine (2) wenigstens ein ungesteuerter, rotierender Gleichrichter (14) angeordnet ist. Arrangement according to claim 2, wherein at least one uncontrolled, rotating rectifier (14) is arranged on the rotor of the asynchronous machine (2).
Anordnung nach wenigstens einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Synchrongenerator (1 ) mechanisch mit einer Antriebsmaschine(6) zu einem Genset gekoppelt ist. Arrangement according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the synchronous generator (1) is mechanically coupled to a drive machine (6) to a Genset.
Genset nach Anspruch 6, wobei die Asynchronmaschine (2) als Startvorrichtung für die Antriebsmaschine (6) ausgebildet ist. Genset according to claim 6, wherein the asynchronous machine (2) is designed as a starting device for the drive machine (6).
8. Genset nach Anspruch 7, wobei die Asynchronmaschine (2) dazu ausgebildet ist, nach Überschreiten einer vorgegebenen Drehzahl der Antriebsmaschine (6) als Generator zur Erzeugung der Erregerspannung des Synchrongenerators (1 ) zu wirken. 8. genset according to claim 7, wherein the asynchronous machine (2) is adapted to act after exceeding a predetermined speed of the drive machine (6) as a generator for generating the excitation voltage of the synchronous generator (1).
9. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gensets nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8, wobei die Asynchronmaschine (2) zum Anlassen der Antriebsmaschine (6) verwendet wird und nach Überschreiten einer vorgegebenen Drehzahl der Antriebsmaschine (6) als Generator zur Erzeugung der Erregerspannung des Synchrongenerators (1 ) verwendet wird. 9. A method for operating a genset according to one of claims 7 or 8, wherein the asynchronous machine (2) for starting the drive machine (6) is used and after exceeding a predetermined speed of the drive machine (6) as a generator for generating the excitation voltage of the synchronous generator ( 1) is used.
EP16740949.9A 2015-07-07 2016-06-30 Assembly comprising a synchronous generator and an asynchronous machine Withdrawn EP3320614A1 (en)

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