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EP3294608B1 - Sensor device for detecting a wheel moving along a rail - Google Patents

Sensor device for detecting a wheel moving along a rail Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3294608B1
EP3294608B1 EP16726083.5A EP16726083A EP3294608B1 EP 3294608 B1 EP3294608 B1 EP 3294608B1 EP 16726083 A EP16726083 A EP 16726083A EP 3294608 B1 EP3294608 B1 EP 3294608B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coils
sensor device
receiving
rail
coil
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Application number
EP16726083.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3294608A1 (en
Inventor
Rainer Freise
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Siemens Mobility GmbH
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Siemens Mobility GmbH
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Priority to PL16726083T priority Critical patent/PL3294608T3/en
Publication of EP3294608A1 publication Critical patent/EP3294608A1/en
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Publication of EP3294608B1 publication Critical patent/EP3294608B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
    • B61L1/16—Devices for counting axles; Devices for counting vehicles
    • B61L1/163—Detection devices
    • B61L1/165—Electrical

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sensor device for detecting a wheel moving along a rail, the sensor device on one side of the rail with two transmitter coils fed with an alternating voltage and arranged one behind the other in a longitudinal direction of the rail, and with two receiving devices on the other side of the rail two receiver coils connected in series in opposite directions and arranged one behind the other in relation to the longitudinal direction of the running rail.
  • Such a sensor device is in the form of a two-channel sensor head for detecting a rail vehicle wheel from the Polish patent PL 199810 B1 known.
  • the sensor head comprises a transmitting and a receiving head.
  • the transmitter head has two transmitter coils, which are arranged one behind the other on one side of the running rail in the longitudinal direction of the running rail and are fed with an alternating voltage.
  • the receiving head arranged on the other side of the running rail comprises two receiving devices, each with two receiving coils which are connected in series in opposite directions and are also arranged one behind the other in relation to the longitudinal direction of the running rail.
  • DE 16 05 427 A1 discloses a circuit arrangement for generating and transmitting axle counting pulses in axle counting systems with track devices, the output voltage of which is changed by the wheels of the axles to be counted, with an alternating voltage generator and a filter connected downstream of this.
  • the associated coil arrangement consists of two pairs of coils, each with a receiving coil and a transmitting coil.
  • DD 118 034 A1 relates to an arrangement for detecting both the presence and the direction of wheel flanges of rail-bound vehicles, in which both the transmitting coils and the receiving coils are arranged on the inside of the rails.
  • the present invention is based on the object of specifying a sensor device of the aforementioned type which is particularly advantageous with regard to its operational properties.
  • This task becomes for a sensor device for detection a wheel moving along a running rail, the sensor device on one side of the running rail with two supplied with an alternating voltage, based on one Transmitter coils arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the running rail as well as on the other side of the running rail with two receiving devices each with two receiving coils connected in series in opposite directions, based on the longitudinal direction of the running rail, achieved according to the invention in that the sensor device is based on at least one on one side of the running rail in the longitudinal direction of the rail between the transmitter coils arranged further transmitter coil that the transmitter coils and the at least one further transmitter coil are fed with an alternating voltage of the same frequency and that the magnetic flux generated by the at least one further transmitter coil is opposite to the magnetic fluxes generated by the transmitter coils .
  • the sensor device for detecting a wheel moving along a running rail thus has two transmission coils, which are fed with an alternating voltage and are arranged one behind the other with respect to a longitudinal direction of the running rail, on one side of the running rail.
  • the phrase “arranged one behind the other” basically also includes a partially overlapping arrangement of the transmitter coils. This means that the phrase “arranged one behind the other” essentially relates to the respective longitudinal coil axis or coil center.
  • the transmission coils are preferably arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the running rail in such a way that they are spaced apart from one another in a non-overlapping manner.
  • the sensor device On the other side of the running rail, the sensor device has two receiving devices, each with two receiving coils connected in series in opposite directions.
  • the receiving coils are also arranged one behind the other in relation to the longitudinal direction of the running rail, whereby a partially overlapping arrangement is basically also possible here in accordance with the above comment in connection with the transmitting coils.
  • the sensor device is now characterized in that it has on one side of the rail, i.e. on the side on which the two transmitter coils are also arranged, at least one further transmitter coil arranged between the transmitter coils in relation to the longitudinal direction of the rail.
  • the transmission coils and the at least one further transmission coil are fed with an alternating voltage of the same frequency, but the magnetic flux generated by the at least one further transmission coil is opposite to the magnetic flux generated by the transmission coils.
  • the further transmitter coil and the transmitter coils oscillate at the same frequency, but have different phase positions with regard to their magnetic fluxes.
  • the phase difference is 180 °, that is, the further transmission coil arranged between the transmission coils has a magnetic field polarity that is opposite to that of the two transmission coils.
  • the further transmission coil differs from the transmission coils with regard to its winding direction, whereby opposing magnetic fluxes also result when an alternating voltage of the same phase position is applied.
  • the sensor device according to the invention can also have two or more separate further transmission coils with the same phase position arranged between the transmission coils.
  • the sensor device according to the invention is advantageous since the further transmitting coil leads to an increase in the signal overlap of the two receiving devices. This is particularly advantageous when the signal levels that occur are small and increases the reliability of a detection of the direction of travel on the basis of the signals detected by the two receiving devices.
  • the receiving devices each have two receiving coils interconnected in series in opposite directions, externally induced interferences are also largely suppressed.
  • the reason for this is that corresponding interfering influences usually affect both receiving coils of a receiving device equally. This applies, for example, to rail currents, which generally have a high degree of symmetry with regard to their coupling into the receiving coils.
  • the corresponding compensation also has an effect with regard to magnetic far fields. These can be caused, for example, by neighboring sensor devices whose transmitter magnetic field could otherwise lead to resonant beats in the receiving coils.
  • the magnetic flux generated by the at least one further transmitter coil is directed in the opposite direction to the magnetic flux generated by the transmitter coils, together with the opposing interconnection of the receiving coils of the receiving devices, also advantageously results in the effect that in each case both receiving coils of the receiving devices are used to detect a useful - Contribute or detection signal. This leads to an increase in the receiving voltages of the receiving devices and thus ultimately also to an increase in the sensor sensitivity.
  • the coils of the sensor device according to the invention can each also be constructed from a plurality of partial coils connected in series.
  • the transmission coils, the at least one further transmission coil and the reception coils of the sensor device according to the invention can be arranged in different ways. This applies both to the spacing of the respective coils from one another and from the running rail as well as to the alignment of the respective coils.
  • the transmitter coils, the at least one further transmitting coil and the receiving coils are aligned essentially horizontally, perpendicular to the running rail, so that the coil axes point in the direction of the running rail.
  • the transmission coils, the at least one further transmission coil and / or the reception coils can each also be arranged tilted with respect to the horizontal and / or the corresponding perpendicular to the running rail.
  • the coils are arranged and aligned in such a way that a magnetic or inductive coupling is established between the transmitter coils and the further transmitter coil on the one hand and the receiver coils on the other, by changing them when a wheel moves past, it can be detected.
  • the sensor device can preferably be developed in such a way that the transmission coils, the at least one further transmission coil and the reception coils are arranged in such a way that when a wheel moves past the sensor device, a reception voltage of the same polarity results in each of the reception coils of the respective reception device.
  • the polarity of the receiving voltages of their receiving coils is the same, so that when the receiving voltages are summed up for each of the receiving devices, there is an increase in the amplitude compared to the receiving voltages of the individual receiving coils of the respective receiving device results.
  • the arrangement and alignment of the coils of the sensor device can be selected, for example, in such a way that the "outer" receiving coils of the receiving devices seen in the longitudinal direction of the running rail are essentially arranged by a respective one on the other side of the running rail Sending coil are influenced.
  • the two “inner” or “middle” receiving coils of the two receiving devices in the longitudinal direction of the running rail are advantageously arranged in relation to the further transmitting coil in such a way that they are significantly influenced by the further transmitting coil or the magnetic flux caused by this. Due to the fact that the magnetic flux of the further transmitting coil is opposite to the magnetic flux of the transmitting coils, this would normally induce a receiving voltage in each of the two inner receiving coils, the sign of which is opposite to the receiving voltages of the respective outer receiving coil.
  • the sign of the receiving voltages of the central receiving coils is reversed, so that the receiving voltages of the receiving coils of a receiving device advantageously have the same polarity.
  • both receiving coils of the receiving devices each make a contribution to the signal or receiving voltage of the respective receiving device.
  • the result is an increase in the amount of the received voltage, which advantageously improves the sensor sensitivity.
  • the receiving coils are arranged at the same distance and in the same alignment to the running rail. This is advantageous because this results in particularly good suppression with regard to magnetic interference fields, for example caused by rail currents.
  • the sensor device has a generator that feeds the transmission coils and the at least one further transmission coil. This is advantageous because it can be ensured in a particularly simple and inexpensive manner that the transmission coils and the at least one further transmission coil are fed with an alternating voltage of the same frequency.
  • the sensor device according to the invention can advantageously also be designed in such a way that the transmission coils, the at least one further transmission coil and / or the reception coils are each designed as part of an oscillating circuit. This is advantageous with regard to providing a sufficient magnetic flux, in particular with regard to the transmission coils. As a result, the sensor device has a particularly pronounced sensitivity, which ultimately enables particularly reliable detection of wheels.
  • the sensor device according to the invention can preferably also be developed in such a way that the transmission coils, the at least one further transmission coil and / or the reception coils are free of ferromagnetic materials.
  • the design of the respective coils free of ferromagnetic materials offers the advantage that inductive interference is reduced or avoided as a result.
  • the transmission coils and the at least one further transmission coil are arranged in a common housing. This results in a particularly simple mechanical design of the sensor device on the transmitter side, combined with advantages when mounting the sensor device on or in the area of the running rail.
  • the sensor device according to the invention can advantageously also be developed in such a way that the receiving devices are arranged in a common housing.
  • the arrangement of the receiving devices in a common housing also brings advantages in terms of a particularly simple mechanical design of the sensor device and in terms of assembly.
  • the invention further comprises a wheel sensor with a sensor device according to the invention or a sensor device according to one of the aforementioned preferred developments of the sensor device according to the invention and with an evaluation device connected to the receiving devices.
  • the evaluation device can be arranged in the immediate vicinity of the receiving devices, i.e. in the track area or in a switch box arranged at a comparatively short distance, or in a central control device, for example in the form of an interlocking, remotely from the sensor device.
  • the evaluation device is designed to recognize the direction of travel on the basis of signals from the receiving devices. This is advantageous because wheel sensors are often used in connection with track vacancy detection devices in the form of axle counters and, as a rule, detection of the direction of travel is required here.
  • the invention further comprises a device for controlling and / or monitoring rail-bound traffic with at least one wheel sensor according to the invention or at least one wheel sensor according to the aforementioned preferred development of the wheel sensor according to the invention.
  • the device according to the invention is preferably designed in such a way that it is a track vacancy detection device. According to the explanations given above, wheel sensors are used in particular in connection with track vacancy detection devices or with axle counting devices use of such track vacancy detection systems.
  • FIG. 1 shows in a first schematic sketch a sectional illustration of an embodiment of the sensor device according to the invention.
  • a housing 10 of a transmitter of the sensor device used to detect a wheel 50 moving along a running rail 60 or its flange 51 can be seen.
  • a transmission coil 11 is arranged, whose magnetic field or magnetic flux in Figure 1 is indicated and identified by the reference numeral 21.
  • the sensor device for detecting the wheel 50 moving along the running rail 60 comprises a receiver with a housing 30 in which, in accordance with the sectional view of FIG Figure 1 a receiving coil 32 is arranged.
  • the sensor device has further components that are shown in the schematic sectional view of the Figure 1 are not shown or not recognizable.
  • the representation of the Figure 1 however, that the sensor device has a transmitter and a receiver which are arranged on different sides of the running rail 60.
  • the housing 10 of the transmitter differs from the illustration in FIG Figure 1 can of course also be arranged at the same height or lower than the housing 30 of the receiver of the sensor device.
  • Figure 2 shows in a second schematic sketch a top view of the embodiment of the sensor device according to the invention.
  • the sensor device has two transmission coils 11 and 12, which are arranged one behind the other in relation to the longitudinal direction of the running rail 60.
  • the sensor device comprises two receiving devices 31, 35, each of which has two receiving coils 32 and 33 or 36 and 37 that are interconnected in opposite directions and are arranged one behind the other in relation to the longitudinal direction of the running rail 60.
  • the transmission coils 11, 12 are fed with an alternating voltage, which results in magnetic fluxes or magnetic fields 21, 22 which are suitable for inducing a voltage in the reception coils 32, 33, 36, 37.
  • the sensor device has, on the transmitter side, i.e. on one side of the rail 60 on which the transmitter coils 11, 12 are also arranged, a further transmitter coil 13 arranged between the transmitter coils 11, 12 in relation to the longitudinal direction of the rail 60.
  • a further transmitter coil 13 arranged between the transmitter coils 11, 12 in relation to the longitudinal direction of the rail 60.
  • two further transmission coils could also be provided, for example, which in this case would both be arranged between the transmission coils 11 and 12 as viewed in the longitudinal direction of the running rail 60. Regardless of whether a further transmission coil 13 is provided or a plurality of corresponding further transmission coils, this or these are fed with an alternating voltage of the same frequency in relation to the transmission coils 11, 12.
  • the magnetic flux 23 generated by the at least one further transmission coil 13 is opposite to the magnetic fluxes 21, 22 generated by the transmission coils 11, 12.
  • the further transmission coil 13 arranged between the transmission coils 11, 12 has a magnetic field polarity rotated by 180 ° in comparison to these two outer transmission coils 11, 12.
  • the alternating magnetic field of the further coil 13 is shifted in phase by 180 ° compared to the alternating magnetic fields of the transmitter coils 11, 12.
  • both the transmission coils 11, 12 and the further transmission coil 13 are designed as part of an oscillating circuit. Furthermore, the transmission coils 11, 12, the further transmission coil 13 and the reception coils 32, 33, 36, 37 are each constructed completely free of ferromagnetic materials.
  • Figure 3 shows in a third schematic sketch a further plan view of the exemplary embodiment of the sensor device according to the invention.
  • the representation corresponds to the transmitter side of those of Figure 2 .
  • the electrical circuit is now indicated to the effect that the receiving coils 32 and 33 of the receiving device 31 are connected in series in opposite directions in accordance with the indicated winding direction and, together with a capacitor 34, form a receiving resonant circuit.
  • a receiving resonant circuit is also formed by the receiving coils 36 and 37 of the receiving device 35 together with a capacitor 38.
  • the corresponding receive or signal voltages are in Figure 3 identified by the reference numerals 41 and 42, respectively.
  • the structure of the sensor device with the further transmitter coil 13 arranged between the transmitter coils 11, 12 also means that in all operational situations there is sufficient signal overlap between the receiving or signal voltages 41 and 42 of the receiving devices 31 and 35, which is particularly relevant for detecting the direction of travel results. The reason for this is that even when a wheel is in the middle position above the sensor device, a voltage is generated or induced at least in the reception coils 33 and 36 due to the further transmission coil 13.
  • the sensor device according to the invention has the particular advantage that externally induced interferences are largely suppressed, since these generally affect both receiving coils 32 and 33 or 36 and 37 of the respective receiving device 31 or 35 equally. This results, in particular for the preferred case in which all receiver coils 32, 33, 36 and 37 have the same distance and the same orientation from the running rail 60, a high level of immunity to interference, in particular with regard to magnetic fields caused by rail currents.
  • the arrangement of the at least one further transmitter coil 13 between the transmitter coils 11 and 12, as already explained, advantageously leads to an increase in the signal overlap of the receiving devices 31 and 35 Receiving devices 31 and 35.
  • both interference field-compensating receiving coils 32 and 33 or 36 and 37 of the receiving devices 31 and 35 which can also be referred to as receiving channels, contribute to the received or useful signal. As a result, this leads to an increase in the reception voltage and thus to an increased detection sensitivity of the sensor device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Sensoreinrichtung zum Detektieren eines sich entlang einer Fahrschiene bewegenden Rades, die Sensoreinrichtung auf der einen Seite der Fahrschiene mit zwei mit einer Wechselspannung gespeisten, bezogen auf eine Längsrichtung der Fahrschiene hintereinander angeordneten Sendespulen sowie auf der anderen Seite der Fahrschiene mit zwei Empfangseinrichtungen mit jeweils zwei gegensinnig miteinander in Reihe verschalteten, bezogen auf die Längsrichtung der Fahrschiene hintereinander angeordneten Empfangsspulen.The invention relates to a sensor device for detecting a wheel moving along a rail, the sensor device on one side of the rail with two transmitter coils fed with an alternating voltage and arranged one behind the other in a longitudinal direction of the rail, and with two receiving devices on the other side of the rail two receiver coils connected in series in opposite directions and arranged one behind the other in relation to the longitudinal direction of the running rail.

Eine solche Sensoreinrichtung ist in Form eines zweikanaligen Sensorkopfes zum Detektieren eines Schienenfahrzeugrades aus der polnischen Patentschrift PL 199810 B1 bekannt. Hierbei umfasst der Sensorkopf einen Sende- und einen Empfangskopf. Der Sendekopf weist zwei Sendespulen auf, die auf der einen Seite der Fahrschiene in Längsrichtung der Fahrschiene hintereinander angeordnet sind und mit einer Wechselspannung gespeist werden. Der auf der anderen Seite der Fahrschiene angeordnete Empfangskopf umfasst zwei Empfangseinrichtungen mit jeweils zwei gegensinnig miteinander in Reihe verschalteten, bezogen auf die Längsrichtung der Fahrschiene ebenfalls hintereinander angeordneten Empfangsspulen.Such a sensor device is in the form of a two-channel sensor head for detecting a rail vehicle wheel from the Polish patent PL 199810 B1 known. Here, the sensor head comprises a transmitting and a receiving head. The transmitter head has two transmitter coils, which are arranged one behind the other on one side of the running rail in the longitudinal direction of the running rail and are fed with an alternating voltage. The receiving head arranged on the other side of the running rail comprises two receiving devices, each with two receiving coils which are connected in series in opposite directions and are also arranged one behind the other in relation to the longitudinal direction of the running rail.

DE 16 05 427 A1 offenbart eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Erzeugen und Übertragen von Achszählimpulsen in Achszählanlagen mit Gleisgeräten, deren Ausgangsspannung durch die Räder der zu zählenden Achsen verändert wird, mit einem Wechselspannungsgenerator und einem diesem nachgeschalteten Filter. Die dazugehörige Spulenanordnung besteht aus zwei Spulenpaaren von jeweils einer Empfangs- und einer Sendespule. DE 16 05 427 A1 discloses a circuit arrangement for generating and transmitting axle counting pulses in axle counting systems with track devices, the output voltage of which is changed by the wheels of the axles to be counted, with an alternating voltage generator and a filter connected downstream of this. The associated coil arrangement consists of two pairs of coils, each with a receiving coil and a transmitting coil.

DD 118 034 A1 betrifft eine Anordnung zur Erfassung sowohl der Anwesenheit als auch der Richtung von Spurkränzen schienengebundener Fahrzeuge, bei der sowohl die Sendespulen als auch die Empfangsspulen an der Schieneninnenseite angeordnet sind. DD 118 034 A1 relates to an arrangement for detecting both the presence and the direction of wheel flanges of rail-bound vehicles, in which both the transmitting coils and the receiving coils are arranged on the inside of the rails.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine Sensoreinrichtung der zuvor genannten Art anzugeben, die im Hinblick auf ihre betrieblichen Eigenschaften besonders vorteilhaft ist.The present invention is based on the object of specifying a sensor device of the aforementioned type which is particularly advantageous with regard to its operational properties.

Diese Aufgabe wird für eine Sensoreinrichtung zum Detektieren eines sich entlang einer Fahrschiene bewegenden Rades, die Sensoreinrichtung auf der einen Seite der Fahrschiene mit zwei mit einer Wechselspannung gespeisten, bezogen auf eine Längsrichtung der Fahrschiene hintereinander angeordneten Sendespulen sowie auf der anderen Seite der Fahrschiene mit zwei Empfangseinrichtungen mit jeweils zwei gegensinnig miteinander in Reihe verschalteten, bezogen auf die Längsrichtung der Fahrschiene hintereinander angeordneten Empfangsspulen erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die Sensoreinrichtung auf der einen Seite der Fahrschiene zumindest eine bezogen auf die Längsrichtung der Fahrschiene zwischen den Sendespulen angeordnete weitere Sendespule aufweist, dass die Sendespulen und die zumindest eine weitere Sendespule mit einer Wechselspannung gleicher Frequenz gespeist sind und dass der von der zumindest einen weiteren Sendespule erzeugte magnetische Fluss den von den Sendespulen erzeugten magnetischen Flüssen entgegengerichtet ist.This task becomes for a sensor device for detection a wheel moving along a running rail, the sensor device on one side of the running rail with two supplied with an alternating voltage, based on one Transmitter coils arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the running rail as well as on the other side of the running rail with two receiving devices each with two receiving coils connected in series in opposite directions, based on the longitudinal direction of the running rail, achieved according to the invention in that the sensor device is based on at least one on one side of the running rail in the longitudinal direction of the rail between the transmitter coils arranged further transmitter coil that the transmitter coils and the at least one further transmitter coil are fed with an alternating voltage of the same frequency and that the magnetic flux generated by the at least one further transmitter coil is opposite to the magnetic fluxes generated by the transmitter coils .

Die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung zum Detektieren eines sich entlang einer Fahrschiene bewegenden Rades weist somit auf der einen Seite der Fahrschiene zwei mit einer Wechselspannung gespeiste, bezogen auf eine Längsrichtung der Fahrschiene hintereinander angeordnete Sendespulen auf. Dabei schließt die Formulierung "hintereinander angeordnet" grundsätzlich auch eine teilweise überlappende Anordnung der Sendespulen ein. Dies bedeutet, dass sich die Formulierung "hintereinander angeordnet" im Wesentlichen auf die jeweilige Längsspulenachse bzw. Spulenmitte bezieht. Vorzugsweise sind die Sendespulen jedoch derart in Längsrichtung der Fahrschiene hintereinander angeordnet, dass sie in nicht überlappender Weise voneinander beabstandet sind.The sensor device according to the invention for detecting a wheel moving along a running rail thus has two transmission coils, which are fed with an alternating voltage and are arranged one behind the other with respect to a longitudinal direction of the running rail, on one side of the running rail. The phrase “arranged one behind the other” basically also includes a partially overlapping arrangement of the transmitter coils. This means that the phrase “arranged one behind the other” essentially relates to the respective longitudinal coil axis or coil center. However, the transmission coils are preferably arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the running rail in such a way that they are spaced apart from one another in a non-overlapping manner.

Auf der anderen Seite der Fahrschiene weist die Sensoreinrichtung zwei Empfangseinrichtungen mit jeweils zwei gegensinnig miteinander in Reihe verschalteten Empfangsspulen auf. Dabei sind auch die Empfangsspulen bezogen auf die Längsrichtung der Fahrschiene jeweils hintereinander angeordnet, wobei entsprechend der vorstehenden Anmerkung im Zusammenhang mit den Sendespulen grundsätzlich auch hier eine teilweise überlappende Anordnung möglich ist.On the other side of the running rail, the sensor device has two receiving devices, each with two receiving coils connected in series in opposite directions. The receiving coils are also arranged one behind the other in relation to the longitudinal direction of the running rail, whereby a partially overlapping arrangement is basically also possible here in accordance with the above comment in connection with the transmitting coils.

Die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung zeichnet sich nun dadurch aus, dass sie auf der einen Seite der Fahrschiene, das heißt auf der Seite, auf der auch die beiden Sendespulen angeordnet sind, zumindest eine bezogen auf die Längsrichtung der Fahrschiene zwischen den Sendespulen angeordnete weitere Sendespule aufweist. Dabei sind die Sendespulen und die zumindest eine weitere Sendespule mit einer Wechselspannung gleicher Frequenz gespeist, wobei jedoch der von der zumindest einen weiteren Sendespule erzeugte magnetische Fluss den von den Sendespulen erzeugten magnetischen Flüssen entgegengerichtet ist. Dies bedeutet, dass die weitere Sendespule und die Sendespulen auf derselben Frequenz schwingen, aber hinsichtlich ihrer magnetischen Flüsse unterschiedliche Phasenlagen besitzen. Dabei beträgt der Phasenunterschied 180°, das heißt die zwischen den Sendespulen angeordnete weitere Sendespule weist eine im Vergleich zu den beiden Sendespulen entgegengesetzte Magnetfeldpolarität auf. Dies kann einerseits dadurch erreicht werden, dass die weitere Sendespule mit einer im Vergleich zu den Sendespulen um 180° in der Phase verschobenen Wechselspannung beaufschlagt wird. Andererseits ist es auch möglich, dass die weitere Sendespule sich hinsichtlich ihres Wicklungssinnes von den Sendespulen unterscheidet, wodurch sich bei Beaufschlagung mit einer Wechselspannung gleicher Phasenlage ebenfalls entgegengerichtete magnetische Flüsse ergeben.The sensor device according to the invention is now characterized in that it has on one side of the rail, i.e. on the side on which the two transmitter coils are also arranged, at least one further transmitter coil arranged between the transmitter coils in relation to the longitudinal direction of the rail. The transmission coils and the at least one further transmission coil are fed with an alternating voltage of the same frequency, but the magnetic flux generated by the at least one further transmission coil is opposite to the magnetic flux generated by the transmission coils. This means that the further transmitter coil and the transmitter coils oscillate at the same frequency, but have different phase positions with regard to their magnetic fluxes. The phase difference is 180 °, that is, the further transmission coil arranged between the transmission coils has a magnetic field polarity that is opposite to that of the two transmission coils. On the one hand, this can be achieved in that the further transmission coil is acted upon by an alternating voltage which is phase shifted by 180 ° compared to the transmission coils. On the other hand, it is also possible that the further transmission coil differs from the transmission coils with regard to its winding direction, whereby opposing magnetic fluxes also result when an alternating voltage of the same phase position is applied.

Es sei darauf hingewiesen, dass die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung, beispielsweise aus Symmetrie- oder Potenzialtrennungsgründen, auch zwei oder mehr separate, zwischen den Sendespulen angeordnete weitere Sendespulen gleicher Phasenlage aufweisen kann.It should be pointed out that the sensor device according to the invention, for example for reasons of symmetry or potential separation, can also have two or more separate further transmission coils with the same phase position arranged between the transmission coils.

Die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung ist vorteilhaft, da die weitere Sendespule zu einer Erhöhung der Signalüberlappung der beiden Empfangseinrichtungen führt. Dies ist gerade bei kleinen auftretenden Signalpegeln vorteilhaft und erhöht die Zuverlässigkeit einer Fahrtrichtungserkennung anhand der von den beiden Empfangseinrichtungen detektierten Signale.The sensor device according to the invention is advantageous since the further transmitting coil leads to an increase in the signal overlap of the two receiving devices. This is particularly advantageous when the signal levels that occur are small and increases the reliability of a detection of the direction of travel on the basis of the signals detected by the two receiving devices.

Aufgrund dessen, dass die Empfangseinrichtungen jeweils zwei gegensinnig miteinander in Reihe verschaltete Empfangsspulen aufweisen, werden darüber hinaus von außen induzierte Störeinflüsse weitgehend unterdrückt. Ursache hierfür ist, dass entsprechende Störeinflüsse in der Regel beide Empfangsspulen einer Empfangseinrichtung gleichermaßen beeinflussen. Dies gilt beispielsweise in Bezug auf Schienenströme, die hinsichtlich ihrer Einkopplung in die Empfangsspulen in der Regel eine hohe Symmetrie aufweisen. Darüber hinaus wirkt die entsprechende Kompensation auch in Bezug auf magnetische Fernfelder. Diese können beispielsweise durch benachbarte Sensoreinrichtungen verursacht sein, deren Sendermagnetfeld anderenfalls zu resonanten Schwebungen in den Empfangsspulen führen könnte.Due to the fact that the receiving devices each have two receiving coils interconnected in series in opposite directions, externally induced interferences are also largely suppressed. The reason for this is that corresponding interfering influences usually affect both receiving coils of a receiving device equally. This applies, for example, to rail currents, which generally have a high degree of symmetry with regard to their coupling into the receiving coils. In addition, the corresponding compensation also has an effect with regard to magnetic far fields. These can be caused, for example, by neighboring sensor devices whose transmitter magnetic field could otherwise lead to resonant beats in the receiving coils.

Dadurch, dass der von der zumindest einen weiteren Sendespule erzeugte magnetische Fluss den von den Sendespulen erzeugten magnetischen Flüssen entgegengerichtet ist, ergibt sich zusammen mit der gegensinnigen Verschaltung der Empfangsspulen der Empfangseinrichtungen darüber hinaus vorteilhafterweise der Effekt, dass jeweils beide Empfangsspulen der Empfangseinrichtungen zur Erfassung eines Nutz- bzw. Detektionssignals beitragen. Dies führt zu einer Erhöhung der Empfangsspannungen der Empfangseinrichtungen und damit letztlich auch zu einer Erhöhung der Sensorempfindlichkeit.The fact that the magnetic flux generated by the at least one further transmitter coil is directed in the opposite direction to the magnetic flux generated by the transmitter coils, together with the opposing interconnection of the receiving coils of the receiving devices, also advantageously results in the effect that in each case both receiving coils of the receiving devices are used to detect a useful - Contribute or detection signal. This leads to an increase in the receiving voltages of the receiving devices and thus ultimately also to an increase in the sensor sensitivity.

Es sei darauf hingewiesen, dass die Spulen der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung jeweils auch aus mehreren in Reihe geschalteten Teilspulen aufgebaut sein können.It should be pointed out that the coils of the sensor device according to the invention can each also be constructed from a plurality of partial coils connected in series.

Grundsätzlich können die Sendespulen, die zumindest eine weitere Sendespule und die Empfangsspulen der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise angeordnet sein. Dies gilt sowohl in Bezug auf den Abstand der jeweiligen Spulen voneinander sowie von der Fahrschiene als auch in Bezug auf die Ausrichtung der jeweiligen Spulen. Hierbei ist es beispielsweise möglich, dass die Sendespulen, die zumindest eine weitere Sendespule und die Empfangsspulen im Wesentlichen horizontal, senkrecht zur Fahrschiene ausgerichtet sind, so dass die Spulenachsen in Richtung der Fahrschiene zeigen. Darüber hinaus können die Sendespulen, die zumindest eine weitere Sendespule und/oder die Empfangsspulen jeweils auch in Bezug auf die Horizontale und/oder die entsprechende Senkrechte zur Fahrschiene gekippt angeordnet sein. In Abhängigkeit von den jeweiligen Gegebenheiten und Anforderungen erfolgt die Anordnung und Ausrichtung der Spulen hierbei jeweils derart, dass sich zwischen den Sendespulen sowie der weiteren Sendespule auf der einen Seite und den Empfangsspulen auf der anderen Seite eine magnetische bzw. induktive Kopplung einstellt, durch deren Änderung bei Vorbeibewegung eines Rades dieses detektierbar ist.In principle, the transmission coils, the at least one further transmission coil and the reception coils of the sensor device according to the invention can be arranged in different ways. This applies both to the spacing of the respective coils from one another and from the running rail as well as to the alignment of the respective coils. Here it is possible, for example, that the transmitter coils, the at least one further transmitting coil and the receiving coils are aligned essentially horizontally, perpendicular to the running rail, so that the coil axes point in the direction of the running rail. In addition, the transmission coils, the at least one further transmission coil and / or the reception coils can each also be arranged tilted with respect to the horizontal and / or the corresponding perpendicular to the running rail. Depending on the particular circumstances and requirements, the coils are arranged and aligned in such a way that a magnetic or inductive coupling is established between the transmitter coils and the further transmitter coil on the one hand and the receiver coils on the other, by changing them when a wheel moves past, it can be detected.

Vorzugsweise kann die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung in der Art weitergebildet sein, dass die Sendespulen, die zumindest eine weitere Sendespule und die Empfangsspulen derart angeordnet sind, dass sich bei Vorbeibewegung eines Rades an der Sensoreinrichtung in den Empfangsspulen der jeweiligen Empfangseinrichtung jeweils eine Empfangsspannung gleicher Polarität ergibt. Dies schließt ein, dass die Empfangsspannungen der Empfangsspulen der einen Empfangseinrichtung in ihrer Phase im Vergleich zu den Empfangsspannungen der Empfangsspulen der anderen Empfangseinrichtung um 180° verschoben sein können. Für jede einzelne der beiden Empfangseinrichtungen ist gemäß der genannten bevorzugten Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung jedoch die Polarität der Empfangsspannungen ihrer Empfangsspulen gleich, so dass sich bei einer Summenbildung der Empfangsspannungen für jede der Empfangseinrichtungen eine betragsmäßige Erhöhung der Amplitude im Vergleich zu den Empfangsspannungen der einzelnen Empfangsspulen der jeweiligen Empfangseinrichtung ergibt. Hierzu kann die Anordnung und Ausrichtung der Spulen der Sensoreinrichtung beispielsweise derart gewählt werden, dass die in Längsrichtung der Fahrschiene gesehenen "äußeren" Empfangsspulen der Empfangseinrichtungen im Wesentlichen durch eine jeweilige auf der anderen Seite der Fahrschiene angeordnete Sendespule beeinflusst werden. Gleichzeitig werden die beiden in Längsrichtung der Fahrschiene "inneren" bzw. "mittleren" Empfangsspulen der beiden Empfangseinrichtungen vorteilhafterweise in Bezug auf die weitere Sendespule derart angeordnet, dass sie maßgeblich durch die weitere Sendespule bzw. den von dieser bewirkten magnetischen Fluss beeinflusst werden. Aufgrund dessen, dass der magnetische Fluss der weiteren Sendespule den magnetischen Flüssen der Sendespulen entgegengesetzt ist, würde hierdurch normalerweise in den beiden inneren Empfangsspulen jeweils eine Empfangsspannung induziert werden, deren Vorzeichen den Empfangsspannungen der jeweiligen äußeren Empfangsspule entgegengerichtet ist. Durch eine entsprechende gegensinnige Verschaltung der Empfangsspulen der Empfangseinrichtungen dreht sich das Vorzeichen der Empfangsspannungen der mittleren Empfangsspulen jedoch um, so dass die Empfangsspannungen der Empfangsspulen einer Empfangseinrichtung vorteilhafterweise die gleiche Polarität aufweisen. Dies bedeutet, dass beide Empfangsspulen der Empfangseinrichtungen jeweils einen Beitrag zur Signal- bzw. Empfangsspannung der jeweiligen Empfangseinrichtung liefern. Im Ergebnis ergibt sich somit eine betragsmäßige Erhöhung der Empfangsspannung, wodurch vorteilhafterweise die Sensorempfindlichkeit verbessert wird.The sensor device according to the invention can preferably be developed in such a way that the transmission coils, the at least one further transmission coil and the reception coils are arranged in such a way that when a wheel moves past the sensor device, a reception voltage of the same polarity results in each of the reception coils of the respective reception device. This includes that the phase of the receiving voltages of the receiving coils of one receiving device can be shifted by 180 ° compared to the receiving voltages of the receiving coils of the other receiving device. For each of the two receiving devices, according to the preferred development of the sensor device according to the invention, the polarity of the receiving voltages of their receiving coils is the same, so that when the receiving voltages are summed up for each of the receiving devices, there is an increase in the amplitude compared to the receiving voltages of the individual receiving coils of the respective receiving device results. For this purpose, the arrangement and alignment of the coils of the sensor device can be selected, for example, in such a way that the "outer" receiving coils of the receiving devices seen in the longitudinal direction of the running rail are essentially arranged by a respective one on the other side of the running rail Sending coil are influenced. At the same time, the two "inner" or "middle" receiving coils of the two receiving devices in the longitudinal direction of the running rail are advantageously arranged in relation to the further transmitting coil in such a way that they are significantly influenced by the further transmitting coil or the magnetic flux caused by this. Due to the fact that the magnetic flux of the further transmitting coil is opposite to the magnetic flux of the transmitting coils, this would normally induce a receiving voltage in each of the two inner receiving coils, the sign of which is opposite to the receiving voltages of the respective outer receiving coil. However, by appropriately interconnecting the receiving coils of the receiving devices in opposite directions, the sign of the receiving voltages of the central receiving coils is reversed, so that the receiving voltages of the receiving coils of a receiving device advantageously have the same polarity. This means that both receiving coils of the receiving devices each make a contribution to the signal or receiving voltage of the respective receiving device. The result is an increase in the amount of the received voltage, which advantageously improves the sensor sensitivity.

Gemäß einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung sind die Empfangsspulen im gleichen Abstand und in gleicher Ausrichtung zur Fahrschiene angeordnet. Dies ist vorteilhaft, da sich hierdurch eine besonders gute Unterdrückung in Bezug auf Störmagnetfelder, etwa verursacht durch Schienenströme, ergibt. Dadurch dass entsprechende Störmagnetfelder die gegensinnig miteinander in Reihe verschalteten Empfangsspulen der jeweiligen Empfangseinrichtung im Wesentlichen in der gleichen Art und Stärke beeinflussen, ergibt sich eine bestmögliche Kompensation der in den beiden Empfangsspulen einer Empfangseinrichtung induzierten Spannungen.According to a further particularly preferred embodiment of the sensor device according to the invention, the receiving coils are arranged at the same distance and in the same alignment to the running rail. This is advantageous because this results in particularly good suppression with regard to magnetic interference fields, for example caused by rail currents. The fact that corresponding interfering magnetic fields influence the receiving coils of the respective receiving device, which are connected in series in opposite directions, essentially in the same way and strength, results in the best possible compensation of the voltages induced in the two receiving coils of a receiving device.

Gemäß einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung weist diese einen die Sendespulen und die zumindest eine weitere Sendespule speisenden Generator auf. Dies ist vorteilhaft, da hierdurch auf besonders einfache und kostengünstige Art und Weise gewährleistet werden kann, dass die Sendespulen und die zumindest eine weitere Sendespule mit einer Wechselspannung gleicher Frequenz gespeist sind.According to a further particularly preferred development of the sensor device according to the invention, it has a generator that feeds the transmission coils and the at least one further transmission coil. This is advantageous because it can be ensured in a particularly simple and inexpensive manner that the transmission coils and the at least one further transmission coil are fed with an alternating voltage of the same frequency.

Vorteilhafterweise kann die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung auch derart ausgestaltet sein, dass die Sendespulen, die zumindest eine weitere Sendespule und/oder die Empfangsspulen jeweils als Bestandteil einer Schwingkreisschaltung ausgebildet sind. Dies ist im Hinblick auf eine Bereitstellung eines ausreichenden magnetischen Flusses insbesondere in Bezug auf die Sendespulen vorteilhaft. Im Ergebnis weist die Sensoreinrichtung hierbei eine besonders ausgeprägte Sensitivität auf, wodurch letztendlich eine besonders zuverlässige Detektion von Rädern möglich wird.The sensor device according to the invention can advantageously also be designed in such a way that the transmission coils, the at least one further transmission coil and / or the reception coils are each designed as part of an oscillating circuit. This is advantageous with regard to providing a sufficient magnetic flux, in particular with regard to the transmission coils. As a result, the sensor device has a particularly pronounced sensitivity, which ultimately enables particularly reliable detection of wheels.

Vorzugsweise kann die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung auch derart weitergebildet sein, dass die Sendespulen, die zumindest eine weitere Sendespule und/oder die Empfangsspulen frei von ferromagnetischen Materialien ausgebildet sind. Die Ausführung der jeweiligen Spulen frei von ferromagnetischen Materialien bietet den Vorteil, dass hierdurch induktive Störbeeinflussungen reduziert beziehungsweise vermieden werden.The sensor device according to the invention can preferably also be developed in such a way that the transmission coils, the at least one further transmission coil and / or the reception coils are free of ferromagnetic materials. The design of the respective coils free of ferromagnetic materials offers the advantage that inductive interference is reduced or avoided as a result.

Gemäß einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung sind die Sendespulen und die zumindest eine weitere Sendespule in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse angeordnet. Hierdurch ergibt sich senderseitig eine besonders einfache mechanische Ausführung der Sensoreinrichtung verbunden mit Vorteilen bei der Montage der Sensoreinrichtung an bzw. im Bereich der Fahrschiene.According to a further particularly preferred embodiment of the sensor device according to the invention, the transmission coils and the at least one further transmission coil are arranged in a common housing. This results in a particularly simple mechanical design of the sensor device on the transmitter side, combined with advantages when mounting the sensor device on or in the area of the running rail.

Vorteilhafterweise kann die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung auch derart weitergebildet sein, dass die Empfangseinrichtungen in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse angeordnet sind. Entsprechend den vorstehenden Ausführungen im Zusammenhang mit den Sendespulen sowie der zumindest einen weiteren Sendespule bringt auch die Anordnung der Empfangseinrichtungen in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse Vorteile im Bezug auf eine besonders einfache mechanische Ausführung der Sensoreinrichtung sowie in Bezug auf die Montage mit sich.The sensor device according to the invention can advantageously also be developed in such a way that the receiving devices are arranged in a common housing. According to the above statements in connection with the transmission coils and the at least one further transmission coil, the arrangement of the receiving devices in a common housing also brings advantages in terms of a particularly simple mechanical design of the sensor device and in terms of assembly.

Die Erfindung umfasst des Weiteren einen Radsensor mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung bzw. einer Sensoreinrichtung gemäß einer der zuvor genannten bevorzugten Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung sowie mit einer an die Empfangseinrichtungen angebundenen Auswerteeinrichtung. Dabei kann die Auswerteeinrichtung in unmittelbarer räumlicher Nähe zu den Empfangseinrichtungen, das heißt im Gleisbereich oder in einem in vergleichsweise kurzer Entfernung angeordneten Schaltkasten, oder auch räumlich abgesetzt von der Sensoreinrichtung in einer zentralen Steuereinrichtung, etwa in Form eines Stellwerks, angeordnet sein.The invention further comprises a wheel sensor with a sensor device according to the invention or a sensor device according to one of the aforementioned preferred developments of the sensor device according to the invention and with an evaluation device connected to the receiving devices. The evaluation device can be arranged in the immediate vicinity of the receiving devices, i.e. in the track area or in a switch box arranged at a comparatively short distance, or in a central control device, for example in the form of an interlocking, remotely from the sensor device.

Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Radsensors ist die Auswerteeinrichtung ausgebildet, anhand von Signalen der Empfangseinrichtungen eine Fahrtrichtungserkennung vorzunehmen. Dies ist vorteilhaft, da Radsensoren häufig im Zusammenhang mit Gleisfreimeldeeinrichtungen in Form von Achszählern verwendet werden und hierbei in der Regel eine Fahrtrichtungserkennung erforderlich ist.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the wheel sensor according to the invention, the evaluation device is designed to recognize the direction of travel on the basis of signals from the receiving devices. This is advantageous because wheel sensors are often used in connection with track vacancy detection devices in the form of axle counters and, as a rule, detection of the direction of travel is required here.

Die Erfindung umfasst des Weiteren eine Einrichtung zum Steuern und/oder Überwachen des schienengebundenen Verkehrs mit zumindest einem erfindungsgemäßen Radsensor oder zumindest einem Radsensor gemäß der zuvor genannten bevorzugten Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Radsensors. Vorzugsweise ist die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung hierbei derart ausgestaltet, dass sie eine Gleisfreimeldeeinrichtung ist. Entsprechend den vorstehenden Erläuterungen finden Radsensoren insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit Gleisfreimeldeeinrichtungen bzw. mit Achszähleinrichtungen solcher Gleisfreimeldeeinrichtungen Verwendung.The invention further comprises a device for controlling and / or monitoring rail-bound traffic with at least one wheel sensor according to the invention or at least one wheel sensor according to the aforementioned preferred development of the wheel sensor according to the invention. The device according to the invention is preferably designed in such a way that it is a track vacancy detection device. According to the explanations given above, wheel sensors are used in particular in connection with track vacancy detection devices or with axle counting devices use of such track vacancy detection systems.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Hierzu zeigt

Figur 1
in einer ersten schematischen Skizze eine Schnittdarstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung,
Figur 2
in einer zweiten schematischen Skizze eine Draufsicht des Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung und
Figur 3
in einer dritten schematischen Skizze eine weitere Draufsicht des Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung.
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of exemplary embodiments. This shows
Figure 1
in a first schematic sketch a sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the sensor device according to the invention,
Figure 2
in a second schematic sketch a top view of the exemplary embodiment of the sensor device according to the invention and
Figure 3
in a third schematic sketch a further plan view of the exemplary embodiment of the sensor device according to the invention.

In den Figuren werden aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit für gleiche Komponenten jeweils gleiche Bezugszeichen verwendet.For the sake of clarity, the same reference symbols are used in the figures for the same components.

Figur 1 zeigt in einer ersten schematischen Skizze eine Schnittdarstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung. Erkennbar ist hierbei ein Gehäuse 10 eines Senders der zum Detektieren eines sich entlang einer Fahrschiene 60 bewegenden Rades 50 bzw. dessen Spurkranzes 51 dienenden Sensoreinrichtung. In dem beispielhaft auf der Außenseite der Fahrschiene 60 angeordneten Gehäuse 10 des Senders ist eine Sendespule 11 angeordnet, deren Magnetfeld bzw. magnetischer Fluss in Figur 1 angedeutet und mit den Bezugszeichen 21 gekennzeichnet ist. Auf der anderen Seite der Fahrschiene 60, das heißt vorliegend auf der Schieneninnenseite, umfasst die Sensoreinrichtung zum Detektieren des sich entlang der Fahrschiene 60 bewegenden Rades 50 einen Empfänger mit einem Gehäuse 30, in dem entsprechend der Schnittdarstellung der Figur 1 eine Empfangsspule 32 angeordnet ist. Figure 1 shows in a first schematic sketch a sectional illustration of an embodiment of the sensor device according to the invention. Here, a housing 10 of a transmitter of the sensor device used to detect a wheel 50 moving along a running rail 60 or its flange 51 can be seen. In the housing 10 of the transmitter, which is arranged, for example, on the outside of the running rail 60, a transmission coil 11 is arranged, whose magnetic field or magnetic flux in Figure 1 is indicated and identified by the reference numeral 21. On the other side of the running rail 60, that is to say in the present case on the inside of the rail, the sensor device for detecting the wheel 50 moving along the running rail 60 comprises a receiver with a housing 30 in which, in accordance with the sectional view of FIG Figure 1 a receiving coil 32 is arranged.

Wie im Folgenden im Zusammenhang mit den Figuren 2 und 3 näher erläutert werden wird, weist die Sensoreinrichtung gemäß dem beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung weitere Komponenten auf, die in der schematischen Schnittdarstellung der Figur 1 nicht dargestellt bzw. nicht erkennbar sind. Deutlich wird durch die Darstellung der Figur 1 jedoch, dass die Sensoreinrichtung einen Sender sowie einen Empfänger aufweist, die auf unterschiedlichen Seiten der Fahrschiene 60 angeordnet sind. In diesem Zusammenhang sei angemerkt, dass das Gehäuse 10 des Senders abweichend von der Darstellung der Figur 1 selbstverständlich auch auf gleicher Höhe oder niedriger wie das Gehäuse 30 des Empfängers der Sensoreinrichtung angeordnet sein kann.As in the following in connection with the Figures 2 and 3 Will be explained in more detail, the sensor device according to the described embodiment of the invention has further components that are shown in the schematic sectional view of the Figure 1 are not shown or not recognizable. The representation of the Figure 1 however, that the sensor device has a transmitter and a receiver which are arranged on different sides of the running rail 60. In this context, it should be noted that the housing 10 of the transmitter differs from the illustration in FIG Figure 1 can of course also be arranged at the same height or lower than the housing 30 of the receiver of the sensor device.

Vorsorglich sei darauf hingewiesen, dass es sich bei den Figuren ausschließlich um schematische Darstellungen handelt. Dies bedeutet insbesondere, dass die Darstellungen nicht maßstabsgetreu sind und weitere Komponenten, die für sich genommen bekannt sind, aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit weggelassen wurden. Dies betrifft beispielsweise Halterungen, mit denen das Gehäuse 10 des Senders der Sensoreinrichtung sowie das Gehäuse 30 des Empfängers der Sensoreinrichtung an oder im Bereich der Fahrschiene 60 montiert bzw. befestigt sind.As a precaution, it should be pointed out that the figures are exclusively schematic representations. This means in particular that the illustrations are not true to scale and further components that are known per se have been omitted for the sake of clarity. This relates, for example, to holders with which the housing 10 of the transmitter of the sensor device and the housing 30 of the receiver of the sensor device are mounted or fastened on or in the area of the running rail 60.

Figur 2 zeigt in einer zweiten schematischen Skizze eine Draufsicht des Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung. Hierbei wird deutlich, dass die Sensoreinrichtung zwei Sendespulen 11 und 12 aufweist, die bezogen auf die Längsrichtung der Fahrschiene 60 hintereinander angeordnet sind. Auf der anderen Seite der Fahrschiene 60 umfasst die Sensoreinrichtung zwei Empfangseinrichtungen 31, 35, die jeweils zwei gegensinnig miteinander verschaltete, bezogen auf die Längsrichtung der Fahrschiene 60 hintereinander angeordnete Empfangsspulen 32 und 33 bzw. 36 und 37 aufweisen. Die Sendespulen 11, 12 sind mit einer Wechselspannung gespeist, wodurch sich magnetische Flüsse bzw. Magnetfelder 21, 22 ergeben, die dazu geeignet sind, eine Spannung in den Empfangsspulen 32, 33, 36, 37 zu induzieren. Durch eine Veränderung der seitens der Empfangseinrichtungen 31, 35 bei einer Vorbeibewegung eines Rades registrierten Empfangsspannungen ist es hierbei möglich, das betreffende Rad zu detektieren. Figure 2 shows in a second schematic sketch a top view of the embodiment of the sensor device according to the invention. It becomes clear here that the sensor device has two transmission coils 11 and 12, which are arranged one behind the other in relation to the longitudinal direction of the running rail 60. On the other side of the running rail 60, the sensor device comprises two receiving devices 31, 35, each of which has two receiving coils 32 and 33 or 36 and 37 that are interconnected in opposite directions and are arranged one behind the other in relation to the longitudinal direction of the running rail 60. The transmission coils 11, 12 are fed with an alternating voltage, which results in magnetic fluxes or magnetic fields 21, 22 which are suitable for inducing a voltage in the reception coils 32, 33, 36, 37. Through a change the received voltages registered by the receiving devices 31, 35 when a wheel moves past, it is possible to detect the wheel in question.

Neben den genannten Komponenten weist die Sensoreinrichtung senderseitig, das heißt auf der einen Seite der Fahrschiene 60, auf der auch die Sendespulen 11, 12 angeordnet sind, eine bezogen auf die Längsrichtung der Fahrschiene 60 zwischen den Sendespulen 11, 12 angeordnete weitere Sendespule 13 auf. Alternativ hierzu könnten beispielsweise auch zwei weitere Sendespulen vorgesehen sein, die in diesem Fall beide in Längsrichtung der Fahrschiene 60 gesehen zwischen den Sendespulen 11 und 12 angeordnet wären. Unabhängig davon, ob eine weitere Sendespule 13 vorgesehen ist oder mehrere entsprechende weitere Sendespulen, wird diese bzw. werden diese bezogen auf die Sendespulen 11, 12 mit einer Wechselspannung gleicher Frequenz gespeist. In der Darstellung der Figur 2 wird jedoch deutlich, dass der von der zumindest einen weiteren Sendespule 13 erzeugte magnetische Fluss 23 den von den Sendespulen 11, 12 erzeugten magnetischen Flüssen 21, 22 entgegengerichtet ist. Dies bedeutet, dass die zwischen den Sendespulen 11, 12 angeordnete weitere Sendespule 13 im Vergleich zu diesen beiden äußeren Sendespulen 11, 12 eine um 180° gedrehte Magnetfeldpolarität aufweist. Mit anderen Worten ist das magnetische Wechselfeld der weiteren Spule 13 im Vergleich zu den magnetischen Wechselfeldern der Sendespulen 11, 12 in der Phase um 180° verschoben.In addition to the components mentioned, the sensor device has, on the transmitter side, i.e. on one side of the rail 60 on which the transmitter coils 11, 12 are also arranged, a further transmitter coil 13 arranged between the transmitter coils 11, 12 in relation to the longitudinal direction of the rail 60. As an alternative to this, two further transmission coils could also be provided, for example, which in this case would both be arranged between the transmission coils 11 and 12 as viewed in the longitudinal direction of the running rail 60. Regardless of whether a further transmission coil 13 is provided or a plurality of corresponding further transmission coils, this or these are fed with an alternating voltage of the same frequency in relation to the transmission coils 11, 12. In the representation of the Figure 2 However, it becomes clear that the magnetic flux 23 generated by the at least one further transmission coil 13 is opposite to the magnetic fluxes 21, 22 generated by the transmission coils 11, 12. This means that the further transmission coil 13 arranged between the transmission coils 11, 12 has a magnetic field polarity rotated by 180 ° in comparison to these two outer transmission coils 11, 12. In other words, the alternating magnetic field of the further coil 13 is shifted in phase by 180 ° compared to the alternating magnetic fields of the transmitter coils 11, 12.

Im Rahmen des beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiels sei angenommen, dass sowohl die Sendespulen 11, 12 als auch die weitere Sendespule 13 als Bestandteil eines Schwingkreises ausgeführt sind. Weiterhin seien die Sendespulen 11, 12, die weitere Sendespule 13 sowie die Empfangsspulen 32, 33, 36, 37 jeweils vollständig frei von ferromagnetischen Materialien aufgebaut.In the context of the exemplary embodiment described, it is assumed that both the transmission coils 11, 12 and the further transmission coil 13 are designed as part of an oscillating circuit. Furthermore, the transmission coils 11, 12, the further transmission coil 13 and the reception coils 32, 33, 36, 37 are each constructed completely free of ferromagnetic materials.

Figur 3 zeigt in einer dritten schematischen Skizze eine weitere Draufsicht des Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung. Dabei entspricht die Darstellung senderseitig derjenigen der Figur 2. Empfängerseitig, das heißt seitens der Empfangseinrichtungen 31 und 35, ist nun jedoch die elektrische Schaltung dahingehend angedeutet, dass die Empfangsspulen 32 und 33 der Empfangseinrichtung 31 entsprechend dem gekennzeichneten Wicklungssinn gegensinnig miteinander in Reihe verschaltet sind und gemeinsam mit einem Kondensator 34 einen Empfangsschwingkreis bilden. In entsprechender Weise wird auch durch die Empfangsspulen 36 und 37 der Empfangseinrichtung 35 gemeinsam mit einem Kondensator 38 ein Empfangsschwingkreis gebildet. Figure 3 shows in a third schematic sketch a further plan view of the exemplary embodiment of the sensor device according to the invention. The representation corresponds to the transmitter side of those of Figure 2 . On the receiver side, that is to say on the side of the receiving devices 31 and 35, however, the electrical circuit is now indicated to the effect that the receiving coils 32 and 33 of the receiving device 31 are connected in series in opposite directions in accordance with the indicated winding direction and, together with a capacitor 34, form a receiving resonant circuit. In a corresponding manner, a receiving resonant circuit is also formed by the receiving coils 36 and 37 of the receiving device 35 together with a capacitor 38.

Weiterhin ist aus Figur 3 erkennbar, dass die Sendespulen 11, 12, die weitere Sendespule 13 sowie die Empfangsspulen 32, 33, 36, 37 derart angeordnet sind, dass die in Längsrichtung der Fahrschiene 60 "äußeren" Empfangsspulen 32, 37 der Empfangseinrichtungen 31, 35 überwiegend durch die Sendespule 11 bzw. die Sendespule 12 beeinflusst werden. Hingegen werden die in Längsrichtung der Fahrschiene 60 "inneren" Empfangsspulen 33 und 36 maßgeblich durch die weitere Sendespule 13 beeinflusst. Dies ist in Figur 3 in schematischer, skizzenhafter Form durch einen Verlauf der magnetischen bzw. induktiven Kopplung 40 zwischen Senderseite und Empfängerseite angedeutet.It is still off Figure 3 It can be seen that the transmission coils 11, 12, the further transmission coil 13 and the reception coils 32, 33, 36, 37 are arranged in such a way that the "outer" reception coils 32, 37 of the reception devices 31, 35 in the longitudinal direction of the running rail 60 predominantly through the transmission coil 11 or the transmitter coil 12 can be influenced. In contrast, the “inner” receiving coils 33 and 36 in the longitudinal direction of the running rail 60 are significantly influenced by the further transmitting coil 13. This is in Figure 3 indicated in schematic, sketchy form by a course of the magnetic or inductive coupling 40 between the transmitter side and the receiver side.

Durch die unterschiedliche Phasenlage der weiteren Sendespule 13 im Vergleich zu den Sendespulen 11 und 12 wird in den Empfangsspulen 32, 33 der Empfangseinrichtung 31 bzw. in den Empfangsspulen 36, 37 der Empfangseinrichtung 35 vorteilhaferweise jeweils eine Spannung gleicher Polarität induziert. So führt der entgegengesetzte magnetische Fluss 23 der weiteren Sendespule 13 verbunden mit der gegensinnigen Verschaltung der Empfangsspulen 33, 36 mit den Empfangsspulen 32 bzw. 37 gerade dazu, dass die Empfangsspulen 32 und 33 bzw. 36 und 37 jeweils eine Empfangsspannung gleicher Polarität liefern und damit trotz störfeldkompensierender gegensinniger Verschaltung der Empfangsspulen 32 und 33 bzw. 36 und 37 zum Empfangs- bzw. Nutzsignal der jeweiligen Empfangseinrichtung 31 bzw. 35 beitragen. Die entsprechenden Empfangs- bzw. Signalspannungen sind in Figur 3 durch die Bezugszeichen 41 bzw. 42 gekennzeichnet. Im Ergebnis resultiert somit aus dem Zusammenspiel zwischen den Sendespulen 11, 12, der weiteren Sendespule 13 und den Empfangsspulen 32, 33, 36, 37 eine Erhöhung der Empfangsspannungen 41, 42 und somit letztlich eine entsprechende Erhöhung der Empfindlichkeit der Sensoreinrichtung.Due to the different phase position of the further transmitting coil 13 compared to the transmitting coils 11 and 12, a voltage of the same polarity is advantageously induced in the receiving coils 32, 33 of the receiving device 31 or in the receiving coils 36, 37 of the receiving device 35. Thus, the opposite magnetic flux 23 of the further transmitter coil 13, connected with the opposite connection of the receiver coils 33, 36 with the receiver coils 32 and 37, leads to the receiving coils 32 and 33 or 36 and 37 each delivering a receiving voltage of the same polarity and thus contribute to the received or useful signal of the respective receiving device 31 or 35 despite interference field compensating opposing interconnection of the receiving coils 32 and 33 or 36 and 37. The corresponding receive or signal voltages are in Figure 3 identified by the reference numerals 41 and 42, respectively. As a result, the interaction between the transmission coils 11, 12, the further transmission coil 13 and the reception coils 32, 33, 36, 37 results in an increase in the reception voltages 41, 42 and thus ultimately a corresponding increase in the sensitivity of the sensor device.

Der Aufbau der Sensoreinrichtung mit der weiteren, zwischen den Sendespulen 11, 12 angeordneten Sendespule 13 führt weiterhin dazu, dass sich in allen betrieblichen Situationen eine insbesondere für eine Fahrtrichtungserkennung relevante ausreichende Signalüberlappung zwischen den Empfangs- bzw. Signalspannungen 41 und 42 der Empfangseinrichtungen 31 und 35 ergibt. Ursache hierfür ist, dass auch bei Mittelstellung eines Rades über der Sensoreinrichtung aufgrund der weiteren Sendespule 13 zumindest in den Empfangsspulen 33 und 36 eine Spannung erzeugt bzw. induziert wird.The structure of the sensor device with the further transmitter coil 13 arranged between the transmitter coils 11, 12 also means that in all operational situations there is sufficient signal overlap between the receiving or signal voltages 41 and 42 of the receiving devices 31 and 35, which is particularly relevant for detecting the direction of travel results. The reason for this is that even when a wheel is in the middle position above the sensor device, a voltage is generated or induced at least in the reception coils 33 and 36 due to the further transmission coil 13.

Entsprechend dem vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel weist die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung einerseits insbesondere den Vorteil auf, dass von außen induzierte Störeinflüsse weitgehend unterdrückt werden, da diese beide Empfangsspulen 32 und 33 bzw. 36 und 37 der jeweiligen Empfangseinrichtung 31 bzw. 35 in der Regel gleichermaßen beeinflussen. Hierdurch ergibt sich insbesondere für den bevorzugten Fall, dass alle Empfängerspulen 32, 33, 36 und 37 den gleichen Abstand und die gleiche Ausrichtung zur Fahrschiene 60 haben, eine hohe Störunempfindlichkeit insbesondere in Bezug auf durch Schienenströme verursachte Magnetfelder.According to the embodiment described above, the sensor device according to the invention has the particular advantage that externally induced interferences are largely suppressed, since these generally affect both receiving coils 32 and 33 or 36 and 37 of the respective receiving device 31 or 35 equally. This results, in particular for the preferred case in which all receiver coils 32, 33, 36 and 37 have the same distance and the same orientation from the running rail 60, a high level of immunity to interference, in particular with regard to magnetic fields caused by rail currents.

Andererseits führt die Anordnung der zumindest einen weiteren Sendespule 13 zwischen den Sendespulen 11 und 12, wie bereits erläutert, vorteilhafterweise zu einer Erhöhung der Signalüberlappung der Empfangseinrichtungen 31 und 35. Dies ist gerade bei kleinen Signalpegeln von Vorteil und unterstützt eine zuverlässige Fahrtrichtungserkennung anhand der Signale der Empfangseinrichtungen 31 und 35.On the other hand, the arrangement of the at least one further transmitter coil 13 between the transmitter coils 11 and 12, as already explained, advantageously leads to an increase in the signal overlap of the receiving devices 31 and 35 Receiving devices 31 and 35.

Entsprechend den vorstehenden Erläuterungen tragen darüber hinaus beide störfeldkompensierenden Empfangsspulen 32 und 33 bzw. 36 und 37 der Empfangseinrichtungen 31 und 35, die auch als Empfangskanäle bezeichnet werden können, zum Empfangs- bzw. Nutzsignal bei. Dies führt im Ergebnis zu einer Erhöhung der Empfangsspannung und damit zu einer gesteigerten Nachweisempfindlichkeit der Sensoreinrichtung.According to the explanations given above, both interference field-compensating receiving coils 32 and 33 or 36 and 37 of the receiving devices 31 and 35, which can also be referred to as receiving channels, contribute to the received or useful signal. As a result, this leads to an increase in the reception voltage and thus to an increased detection sensitivity of the sensor device.

Claims (11)

  1. Sensor device for detecting a wheel moving along a rail (60), which sensor device
    - has, on one side of the rail (60), two transmitting coils (11,12) which are supplied with an alternating voltage and are arranged one behind the other with respect to a longitudinal direction of the rail (60) and,
    - on the other side of the rail (60), has two receiving devices (31,35) with two receiving coils (32,33;36,37) in each case which are connected to one another in series in opposite directions and likewise arranged one behind the other with respect to the longitudinal direction of the rail (60),
    characterised in that
    - the sensor device has at least one further transmitting coil (13) on the one side of the rail (60) which is arranged between the transmitting coils (11,12) with respect to the longitudinal direction of the rail (60),
    - the transmitting coils (11,12) and the at least one further transmitting coil (13) are supplied with an alternating voltage of the same frequency and
    - the magnetic flux (23) generated by the at least one further transmitting coil (13) is directed opposite to the magnetic fluxes (21,22) generated by the transmitting coils (11,12) .
  2. Sensor device according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the transmitting coils (11,12), the at least one further transmitting coil (13) and the receiving coils (32,33;36,37) are arranged such that, when a wheel moves past the sensor device, a receiving voltage (41,42) of the same polarity results in each case in the receiving coils (32,33;36,37) of the respective receiving device (31,35).
  3. Sensor device according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in that
    the receiving coils (32,33,36,37) are arranged with the same spacing and the same alignment with respect to the rail (60).
  4. Sensor device according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the sensor device has a generator supplying the transmitting coils (11,12) and the at least one further transmitting coil (13) .
  5. Sensor device according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the transmitting coils (11,12), the at least one further transmitting coil (13) and/or the receiving coils (32,33;36,37) are in each case embodied as a component of a resonant circuit.
  6. Sensor device according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the transmitting coils (11,12), the at least one further transmitting coil (13) and/or the receiving coils (32,33;36,37) are embodied so as to be free from ferromagnetic materials.
  7. Sensor device according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the transmitting coils (11,12) and the at least one further transmitting coil (13) are arranged in a shared housing (10).
  8. Sensor device according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the receiving devices (31,35) are arranged in a shared housing (30) .
  9. Wheel sensor having
    - a sensor device according to one of the preceding claims as well as
    - an evaluation device linked to the receiving devices (31,35) .
  10. Wheel sensor according to claim 9,
    characterised in that
    the evaluation device is embodied, on the basis of signals of the receiving devices (31,35), to carry out a detection of the direction of travel.
  11. Device for controlling and/or monitoring rail-bound traffic, in particular track vacancy detection device, with at least one wheel sensor according to one of claims 9 or 10.
EP16726083.5A 2015-06-30 2016-05-30 Sensor device for detecting a wheel moving along a rail Active EP3294608B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL16726083T PL3294608T3 (en) 2015-06-30 2016-05-30 Sensor device for detecting a wheel moving along a rail

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015212120.8A DE102015212120A1 (en) 2015-06-30 2015-06-30 Sensor device for detecting a wheel moving along a running rail
PCT/EP2016/062141 WO2017001128A1 (en) 2015-06-30 2016-05-30 Sensor device for detecting a wheel moving along a rail

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3294608A1 EP3294608A1 (en) 2018-03-21
EP3294608B1 true EP3294608B1 (en) 2021-11-17

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EP (1) EP3294608B1 (en)
AU (1) AU2016287693B2 (en)
DE (1) DE102015212120A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2905590T3 (en)
PL (1) PL3294608T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2017001128A1 (en)

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DE102023204900A1 (en) * 2023-05-25 2024-11-28 Siemens Mobility GmbH Inductively acting wheel sensor arrangement

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1605427C3 (en) * 1967-07-20 1974-04-25 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Circuit arrangement for generating and transmitting axle counting pulses in axle counting systems
US3721821A (en) * 1970-12-14 1973-03-20 Abex Corp Railway wheel sensor
DD118034A1 (en) * 1975-03-19 1976-02-12
DE10350733B4 (en) * 2003-10-20 2006-04-27 Werner Turck Gmbh & Co. Kg Inductive proximity switch with difference coil arrangement has coils of receiving coil arrangement arranged and connected so stimulation field produces difference voltage, compensation coil pair almost uninfluenced by eddy current field
PL199810B1 (en) 2003-11-12 2008-11-28 Bombardier Transp Zwus Polska Rail-vehicle wheel sensor combined two-channel head

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AU2016287693B2 (en) 2019-01-31
WO2017001128A1 (en) 2017-01-05
DE102015212120A1 (en) 2017-01-05
PL3294608T3 (en) 2022-03-14
ES2905590T3 (en) 2022-04-11
EP3294608A1 (en) 2018-03-21
AU2016287693A1 (en) 2017-12-21

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