[go: up one dir, main page]

EP3289131B1 - Installation et procédé de consolidation et de structuration de fibres à un non-tissé - Google Patents

Installation et procédé de consolidation et de structuration de fibres à un non-tissé Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP3289131B1
EP3289131B1 EP16706309.8A EP16706309A EP3289131B1 EP 3289131 B1 EP3289131 B1 EP 3289131B1 EP 16706309 A EP16706309 A EP 16706309A EP 3289131 B1 EP3289131 B1 EP 3289131B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
texturizing
area
openings
belt
bars
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP16706309.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3289131A1 (fr
Inventor
Ullrich MÜNSTERMANN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Truetzschler GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Truetzschler GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Truetzschler GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Truetzschler GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3289131A1 publication Critical patent/EP3289131A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3289131B1 publication Critical patent/EP3289131B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H18/00—Needling machines
    • D04H18/04—Needling machines with water jets
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
    • D04H1/495—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet for formation of patterns, e.g. drilling or rearrangement

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system and a method for consolidating and structuring fibers to form a nonwoven according to the preamble of claims 1 and 10.
  • the US 3,088,859 describes a device for structuring a fleece, which is guided between a drum and a circulating belt or between two circulating belts.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a plant and a method of the type mentioned above, by means of which fibers can be sufficiently solidified and structured.
  • the plant according to the invention for the strengthening and structuring of fibers comprises a first and a second circulating belt which are used for Strengthening and structuring of fibers to form a fleece are at least partially arranged in parallel and thus form a structuring area.
  • At least one band is designed as a counterband with a multiplicity of pattern-forming openings and at least one water bar is arranged within the counterband in the structuring area for the water jet consolidation of the fibers.
  • the invention is characterized in that the structuring area has a length of at least 0.2 m and the counterband between the pattern-providing openings has micro-openings.
  • the counterband between the pattern-providing openings has 3 to 100 micro-openings per square centimeter in a random or regular arrangement. This results in a sufficient strength of the fleece in both directions.
  • the micro orifices have a hydraulic diameter of 0.2 to 0.4 mm. With a smaller hydraulic diameter, the effect of the water jets turned out to be too small. With a diameter of more than 2 mm, the micro-openings act like a structure or pattern. It has been found in particular in the case of fibers with a length of 10 to 40 mm that they are solidified at several points.
  • the at least one water bar is operated at a pressure of 30 to 80 bar, preferably 60 bar. This is significantly less than the known water jet consolidation with 100 to 400 bar for the consolidation of the fibers on a Spunlacetrommel with an open structure shell. Surprisingly, this one has preferred pressure range result in a more uniform and higher consolidation in the machine direction (MD) and in the transverse direction (CD).
  • MD machine direction
  • CD transverse direction
  • At least one further water bar can be arranged upstream and / or downstream of the structuring area in the transport direction, which is operated at a pressure of 10 to 25 bar and solidifies the non-structured top side of the fleece.
  • At least one further water bar which is operated at a pressure of 10 to 60 bar, preferably 15 to 30 bar, and which solidifies the underside of the nonwoven, can preferably be arranged downstream of the structuring area in the transport direction.
  • the structuring area is inclined by 1 ° to 10 ° in the direction of transport. This supports the removal of water from, for example, wet-laid fibers.
  • a further improvement results from the fact that a moistening device is arranged within the structuring area in front of the water bar or bars, which ensures a first stabilization of the fibers.
  • the method according to the invention for consolidating and structuring fibers to form a nonwoven is carried out with a first and a second circumferential band, which are at least partially arranged in parallel and thus form a structuring area, at least one band being designed as a counterband with a large number of pattern-forming openings, between which micro-openings are arranged, the fleece being structured by water jets in the area of the pattern openings and in the area of the micro-openings over a length of at least 0.2 m and is solidified at certain points.
  • the pattern area of around 0.2 m in length with the parallel band guide ensures a sharp image of filigree patterns in the product. This is used to structure a fleece with a pattern-giving surface, but to solidify it between the patterns, creating a very fluffy product due to the step bed effect, which can be used as a cotton pad, wipe or as a cosmetic product (flushable wipe).
  • the invention also relates to a method for solidifying and structuring cotton pads, for example made of cotton with a weight of 100-250 g / m 2 .
  • the invention also relates to a method for strengthening and structuring nonwovens made of staple fibers or filaments such as viscose, polyester, polypropylene, polyamide or lyocell with a weight of 30-300 g / m 2 .
  • the invention also relates to a method for consolidating and structuring wetlaid nonwovens made from natural fibers such as cellulose, or from synthetic fibers such as polyester, or from chemical fibers such as viscose or lyocell, each with only 100% fiber content or alternatively from mixtures of The aforementioned fibers, for all of the aforementioned wet-laid nonwovens with a weight of 30-120 g / m 2 , preferably 45-70 g / m 2 , when used as a wipe, preferably with a weight of 30-100 g / m 2 .
  • fibers 2 are, for example, deposited wet on a belt by an inclined screen former (not shown) and transported to a structuring area 21 via a belt 3.
  • staple fibers can also be deposited and processed on a belt.
  • the fibers can also be arranged as a base or middle layer between two fiber layers, a spunbond, a woven or knitted fabric.
  • the belt 3 below is designed as an air- and water-permeable sieve belt or spunlace belt and is deflected and driven via several rollers 4a-4f.
  • the wet-laid fibers 2 are deposited from a belt (not shown) on an inclined inlet area 20 of the belt 3 and, after conveying, in a flat structuring area 21, as in FIG Fig. 1 shown, or one Structuring area 21 compressed with a level falling in the direction of transport with a counterband 5.
  • the counter belt 5 is also designed as a circulating belt which is deflected and driven by a plurality of rollers 6a-6e.
  • a roller for example roller 6b, can be moved horizontally in order to tension the counterband 5.
  • a small acute angle in the direction of transport is also considered to be a parallel arrangement of the belts 5 and 3, in which the belts form a small open gap of, for example, 0.3 to 2 mm, which is preferably advantageous in the production of cotton pads or wipes. This avoids compression of the fleece, since the end product should be as fluffy as possible.
  • a parallel arrangement of band 3 with counterband 5 is advantageous.
  • the roller 6e can be arranged to be vertically adjustable.
  • the parallel band guide which forms the structuring area 21, does not have the task of compacting the fibers in the conventional sense. In this area, only the water is to be drained off, the fibers are stabilized to form a fleece and structured by the at least one nozzle bar 7 in combination with the pattern-forming openings 5a of the counterband 5.
  • the length of the parallel belt guide ensures a minimum dwell time for water drainage and for chambering the fibers, which at different transport or processing speeds Depending on the fibers to be processed can be varied, for example, in that the rollers 4b, 6a and 6e are designed to be horizontally adjustable.
  • the nonwoven is structured by means of a linear or punctiform arrangement of the water jets in a row, the parallel belt guidance over a minimum length of 0.2 m enables the fibers to be stabilized while at the same time removing water.
  • a further water bar 11 with a suction 12 can be arranged, which at a low pressure of, for example, 15 bar can achieve an additional slight consolidation of the non-consolidated areas without impairing the structuring.
  • This water bar can also be operated at a low pressure of, for example, 15-30 bar in order to solidify the fleece while at the same time maintaining the structuring through the openings 5a.
  • the system can be operated with a fiber weight of 100 - 250 g / m 2 .
  • the fiber weight is preferably 45 - 70 g / m 2, and in wipes 30-100 g / m 2.
  • the counterband 5 after Figures 2 to 2d has a plurality of patterning openings 5a, which give the solidified nonwoven a desired surface structure.
  • the pattern-giving openings 5a can be chosen almost arbitrarily, provided that the strength of the counterband 5 is not impaired.
  • a large number of micro-openings 5b are arranged between the pattern-forming openings 5a and serve not only to improve the water drainage but also to strengthen the fleece.
  • the pattern-forming openings 5a are each shown as a single contiguous recess in the counterband 5, between which the micro-openings are arranged.
  • individual pattern openings 5a together form a pattern of, for example, a flower, a heart or a triangle, the micro openings 5b also being arranged within the overall pattern, that is to say between the individual pattern openings 5a.
  • At least one, preferably two or three water bars 7, 8 are arranged within the counterband 5, which spray fine water jets with a pressure of, for example, 60 bar through the openings of the counterband 5 onto the fibers 2 and thereby solidify them.
  • the fibers 2 are compressed in the area of the pattern-forming openings 5a, as a result of which the nonwoven becomes thinner at these points.
  • Suction boxes 9, 10 are arranged beneath the belt 3, which suction the water from the water bars 7, 8.
  • the band 3 and the counter band 5 are aligned in the area of the water beams 7, 8 parallel or almost parallel to one another over a length of at least 0.2 m, thereby forming the structuring area 21 and, at the same time, locally or selectively compacting the fibers during the water jet consolidation.
  • the micro-openings 5b have the further advantage that the fibers 2 or the solidified nonwoven does not stick to the tape 3 and can therefore be detached more easily, so that there are fewer delays at the transition points between two transport units.
  • the counterband 5 can be made of a bendable plastic with a thickness of 0.3 to 1.0 mm.
  • the counterband 5 is as in Figure 2 shown, can be produced from a bendable metal with a thickness of 0.1-0.4 mm, preferably with a thickness of 0.2-0.3 mm.
  • the micro-openings 5b have a hydraulic diameter of 0.2 to 0.4 mm, are preferably round or oval and are distributed in a regular or irregular, random arrangement on the belt, the distance between the micro-openings being at least 0.5 mm . 3 to 100 micro-openings 5b are arranged per square centimeter.
  • the total water-draining surface ( open area), that is to say the pattern openings 5a and the micro openings 5b, can total up to 50%.
  • the dwell time for structuring the fleece is longer.
  • the micro-openings 5b result in a point-by-point consolidation, since the fibers bridge several micro-openings 5b, which results in a step-bed effect.
  • the result is a fleece that is solidified at certain points and has a very high fluffiness that can be used as a cotton pad for the cosmetics sector, as a wipe or so-called flushable wipe.
  • a and B being counterbands 5 according to the prior art, which do not have micro-openings 5b, but only pattern-giving ones Openings 5a.
  • the counterbands 5 with the designations C, D and E have, in addition to the pattern openings 5a, also the micro openings 5b according to the invention in different densities and sizes.
  • a fiber mixture of PET and viscose with a weight of 45 g / m 2 was tested at a transport speed of 100 m / min, which were solidified with a water bar: MD strength [N] A B C.
  • wet-laid fibers these are preferably moved through the structuring area 1 at a speed of 50-250 m / min.
  • the belt 3 and the counter belt 5 are inclined in the transport direction by up to 10 ° from the horizontal plane.
  • the transport speed of the fibers 2 through the structuring area 1 is preferably 40 m / min.
  • a band inclination from the horizontal plane is possible both in the transport direction and against the transport direction for the removal of water.
  • the inclination of the band 3 and the counterband 5 by up to 10 ° to the horizontal plane can be advantageous.
  • the opposing belt 5 and the belt 3 have been interchanged, so that the fibers 2 are deposited on a belt and transported to a structuring area 21 via the rotating counter belt 5.
  • the overhead belt 3 is designed as an air- and water-permeable sieve belt or spunlace belt with, for example, 60 to 100 mesh and is deflected and driven via several rollers 6a-6e.
  • the wet-laid fibers 2 are deposited from a belt (not shown) on an inclined inlet area 20 of the counter belt 5 and after conveying into a flat structuring area 21, as in FIG Fig. 3 shown, or compacting a structuring area 21 with a level falling in the transport direction with a counterband 5.
  • the counter belt 5 is also designed as a circulating belt which is deflected and driven by a plurality of rollers 4a-4f.
  • Within the belt 3 is a moistening device 22, comprising at least one water bar 16 and at least one suction 17, arranged.
  • the moistening device 22 moistens the nonwoven web with a fluid medium, which emerges from the water bar at low pressure, for example 2 to 15 bar, and moistens the entire surface of the nonwoven in order to stabilize the fibers relative to one another.
  • the water bar 16 of the moistening device 22 can be constructed in a comparable way to a water bar 7, 8 for solidifying or compacting the fibers. However, it works with a significantly lower pressure, a lower amount of water and larger nozzle openings.
  • At least one, preferably two or three further water bars 7, 8 are arranged within the counterband 5, which spray fine water jets at a pressure of 30-80 bar, for example 60 bar, through the openings of the counterband 5 onto the fibers 2 and thereby solidify them.
  • the fibers 2 are compressed in the region of the pattern-providing openings 5a.
  • Suction boxes 9, 10 are arranged within the band 3 and suck off the water from the water bars 7, 8.
  • the band 3 and the counter band 5 are aligned parallel to each other in the area of the water beams 7, 8 over a length of at least 0.2 m and at the same time compress the fibers during the water jet consolidation.
  • the pattern-creating openings and micropores create a depression of 0.5 - 1 mm depending on the water jet pressure.
  • a pattern-giving recess of 0.2 to 0.4 mm is achieved.
  • a further water bar 11 with a suction 12 can be arranged after the counter belt 5, which does not cause additional light consolidation at a low pressure of, for example, 15 bar solidify areas without affecting the structuring.
  • This water bar 14 can also be operated at a low pressure of, for example, 15-30 bar in order to solidify the fleece while at the same time maintaining the structuring through the openings 5a.
  • the counterband 5 is designed according to the exemplary embodiments 1 and 2 to 2d and has a multiplicity of pattern-forming openings 5a which give the solidified nonwoven a desired surface structure.
  • a large number of micro-openings 5b are arranged between the pattern-forming openings 5a and serve not only to improve the water drainage but also to strengthen the fleece.
  • the micro-openings 5b have the further advantage that the fibers 2 or the consolidated nonwoven are not glued to the tape 3 and can therefore be detached more easily, so that less distortion occurs at the transition points between two transport units.
  • the fleece is structured from below and an additional solidification from above. This version is particularly suitable for the production of cotton pads and wipes.
  • the embodiment of the Figure 4 differs from Figure 1 only because the fleece is structured on both sides and provided with a pattern.
  • the structuring area 21 has a lower and an upper counterband 5 with pattern-forming openings 5, which are surrounded by a multiplicity of micro-openings 5b.
  • two water bars 16, 18 are arranged in the upper counterband 5, which spray the fleece from above.
  • the associated suction 17, 19 is in underlying counterband 5 arranged.
  • the water bars 16, 18 in the opposing belt 5 above are followed by two suction devices 9, 10, which interact with water bars 7, 8 from the opposing belt 5 below.
  • Each side can be provided with the same patterns (for example flower, flower) or with different patterns (for example triangle, spaced grooves, etc.).
  • a further water bar 11 with a suction device 12 can be arranged after the structuring area 21, which, at a low pressure of, for example, 15 bar, can achieve an additional slight consolidation of the non-solidifying areas of the top of the fleece without the structuring being impaired.
  • This water bar 14 can also be operated at a low pressure of, for example, 15-30 bar in order to solidify the fleece while at the same time maintaining the structuring through the openings 5a. This arrangement is suitable for the production of wetlaid products, cotton pads or wipes.
  • the number of nozzle bars can be varied, provided that the installation space is available.
  • a structuring device 1 upstream of the structuring area 21 with the counter-band 5 arranged above and the band 3 below.
  • fibers 2 are deposited in a run-in area 20 on a belt 3 and first solidified between the belt 3 and a compacting drum 23.
  • a water bar for wetting the fibers can be arranged within the compacting drum 23.
  • After the compacting drum 23 one or two water bars 16, 18 with the associated suction 17, 19 are arranged.
  • the water bars solidify the fibers on the top with a pressure of, for example, 15 to 45 bar to form a fleece.
  • the subsequent drum 13 which can be designed as a spunlace drum, the fleece is deflected and solidified with one or two water bars 14 on the underside.
  • These water bars also spray water onto the fibers at a pressure of 15 to 45 bar.
  • Only one water bar 16 and 14 is preferably used in each case for the production of cotton pads.
  • two water bars 16 and 18 and two water bars 14 are usually used.
  • the fleece is guided into the structuring area 21 between a belt 3 at the bottom and a counter belt 5 at the top, where it is structured from above via the water beams 7 and 8, via further deflection rollers, which are not described in detail.
  • the arrangement and technical configuration of the structuring area 21 essentially corresponds to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG Figure 1 .
  • the fifth embodiment of the Figure 6 differs from Figure 5 in that the drum 13 is designed as a patterning drum which, together with the water bar 14, structures the underside of the fleece.
  • the subsequent structuring area 21 with the counterband 5 on top, together with the water bars 7 and 8, provides a pattern structuring of the top of the fleece, in which the step bed effect is achieved only on the top of the fleece.
  • the system and the method for the further processing of wet-laid fibers are particularly advantageous, since they are deposited more unstructured than, for example, staple fibers. Due to the selective consolidation of the unstructured aligned wet-laid fibers, the special effect of the increased fluffiness can be achieved while structuring the fleece.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Installation pour la consolidation et la texturation de fibres avec une première et une deuxième courroie circulante, lesquelles sont agencées au moins partiellement en parallèle pour la consolidation et la texturation de fibres (2) pour en faire un non-tissé, et ainsi elles forment une région de texturation (21), dans laquelle au moins une courroie, comme contre-courroie (5), est aménagée avec une pluralité d'ouvertures donnant des motifs (5a), et au moins une rampe d'eau (7) pour la consolidation au jet d'eau des fibres est agencée à l'intérieur de la contre-courroie (5) dans la région de texturation (21), dans laquelle la région de texturation (21) a une longueur au moins de 0,2 m et la contre-courroie (5) présente des micro-ouvertures (5b) entre les ouvertures donnant des motifs (5a), dans laquelle la contre-courroie (5) présente de 3 à 100 micro-ouvertures (5b) par centimètre carré en agencement régulier ou arbitraire entre les ouvertures donnant des motifs (5a), caractérisée en ce que les micro-ouvertures (5b) présentent un diamètre hydraulique de 0,2 à 0,4 mm et ladite au moins une rampe d'eau (7) est opérée à une pression de 30 à 80 bars, de préférence de 60 bars.
  2. Installation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les micro-ouvertures (5b) ont une distance au moins de 0,5 mm les unes aux autres.
  3. Installation selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la contre-courroie (5) est manufacturée d'un métal flexible ou de matière plastique.
  4. Installation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins une autre rampe d'eau (11) est agencée en amont ou en aval de la région de texturation (21) en direction de transport, laquelle rampe est opérée à une pression de 10 à 25 bars et consolide la face supérieure non-texturée du non-tissé.
  5. Installation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins une autre rampe d'eau (14) est agencée en aval de la région de texturation (21) en direction de transport, laquelle rampe est opérée à une pression de 10 à 60 bars, de préférence de 15 à 30 bars, et consolide la face inférieure du non-tissé.
  6. Installation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la région de texturation (21) est inclinée de 1° à 10° en direction de transport.
  7. Installation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'un dispositif d'humidification (22) est agencée à l'intérieur de la région de texturation (21) en amont de la rampe d'eau ou des rampes d'eau (7, 8).
  8. Installation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'un dispositif de consolidation (1) est agencé en amont de la région de texturation (21) en direction de transport.
  9. Installation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'un cylindre (13) donnant des motifs (13) est agencé en amont de la région de texturation (21) en direction de transport.
  10. Méthode pour la consolidation et la texturation de fibres pour en faire un non-tissé, avec une première et une deuxième courroie circulante, lesquelles sont agencées au moins partiellement en parallèle et ainsi elles forment une région de texturation (21), dans laquelle au moins une courroie, comme contre-courroie (5), est aménagée avec une pluralité d'ouvertures donnant des motifs (5a), entre lesquelles des micro-ouvertures (5b) sont agencées, dans laquelle le non-tissé est texturé par des jets d'eau dans la région des micro-ouvertures donnant des motifs (5a) et dans la région des micro-ouvertures est chambré et consolidé ponctuellement sur une longueur au moins de 0,2 m, dans laquelle le non-tissé est consolidé avec 3 à 100 points par centimètre carré entre les ouvertures donnant des motifs (5a), caractérisée en ce que les jets d'eau frappent le non-tissé avec une pression de 30 à 80 bars ; de préférence 60 bars.
  11. Méthode selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que la face supérieure non-texturée du non-tissé est consolidée au moyen d'une rampe d'eau à une pression de 10 à 25 bars en amont et/ou en aval de la texturation et de la consolidation ponctuelle en direction de transport.
  12. Méthode selon l'une des revendications 10 à 11, caractérisée en ce que la face inférieure du non-tissé est consolidée à une pression de 10 à 60 bars, de préférence de 15 à 30 bars en amont et/ou en aval de la texturation et de la consolidation ponctuelle en direction de transport.
  13. Méthode selon l'une des revendications 10 à 12, caractérisée en ce que le non-tissé est humidifié en amont de la texturation et de la consolidation ponctuelle en direction de transport.
  14. Méthode selon l'une des revendications 10 à 13, caractérisée en ce que le non-tissé est pré-consolidé au moyen d'un dispositif de consolidation (1) en amont de la région de texturation (21).
  15. Méthode selon l'une des revendications 10 à 14, caractérisée en ce que le non-tissé, au moins sur une face, est pourvu déjà d'une texture au moyen d'un cylindre donnant des motifs (13) en amont de la région de texturation (21).
EP16706309.8A 2015-04-28 2016-02-24 Installation et procédé de consolidation et de structuration de fibres à un non-tissé Not-in-force EP3289131B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015106490.1A DE102015106490B3 (de) 2015-04-28 2015-04-28 Anlage und Verfahren zur Verfestigung und Strukturierung von Fasern zu einem Vlies
PCT/EP2016/000319 WO2016173685A1 (fr) 2015-04-28 2016-02-24 Installation et procédé de consolidation et de structuration de fibres à un non-tissé

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3289131A1 EP3289131A1 (fr) 2018-03-07
EP3289131B1 true EP3289131B1 (fr) 2020-04-01

Family

ID=55436062

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16706309.8A Not-in-force EP3289131B1 (fr) 2015-04-28 2016-02-24 Installation et procédé de consolidation et de structuration de fibres à un non-tissé

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3289131B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN107532352B (fr)
DE (1) DE102015106490B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016173685A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3450604B1 (fr) * 2017-09-01 2023-08-09 Oskar Dilo Maschinenfabrik KG Procédé de formation d'un produit non tissé, profilé, solidifié
CN108442036A (zh) * 2018-03-19 2018-08-24 上海棉芙生物科技有限公司 一种蕾丝面膜布的制作工艺
GB2594399B (en) 2018-11-30 2023-08-16 Kimberly Clark Co Three-dimensional nonwoven materials and methods of manufacturing thereof
EP3715514B1 (fr) 2019-03-25 2024-09-25 Suominen Corporation Tissu non tissé et sa production
ES2986459T3 (es) 2019-03-25 2024-11-11 Suominen Corp Método para preparar un velo no tejido
IT202000016972A1 (it) * 2020-07-13 2022-01-13 Texnology S R L Un’agugliatrice a getto d’acqua
DE102021107901A1 (de) * 2021-03-29 2022-09-29 Andritz Küsters Gmbh Anlage und Verfahren zum Verfestigen von Fasern umfassenden Lagen zu einer Vliesbahn
DE102021107900B4 (de) * 2021-03-29 2023-02-02 Andritz Küsters Gmbh Anlage zum Verfestigen von Fasern umfassenden Lagen zu einer Vliesbahn
DE102021107902A1 (de) 2021-03-29 2022-09-29 Andritz Küsters Gmbh Anlage zur Verfestigung mindestens einer nass- oder trockengelegten Faserlage zu einer Vliesbahn, mit einem Förderer, der ein umlaufendes Band mit einem oberen Trum umfasst, auf welches die mindestens eine Faserlage ablegbar und in einer Produktionsrichtung verlagerbar ist
CN113062047A (zh) * 2021-03-30 2021-07-02 杭州湿法无纺布设备有限公司 一种平网提花无纺布生产工艺
EP4461859A1 (fr) * 2023-05-10 2024-11-13 Trützschler Group SE Installation et procédé de liaison consolidation d'une bande de matière fibreuse avec un non-tissé

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3088859A (en) * 1958-08-18 1963-05-07 Johnson & Johnson Methods and apparatus for making and bonding nonwoven fabrics
FR2536432A1 (fr) * 1982-11-19 1984-05-25 Fontanaroux Ets Procede pour la fabrication d'etoffes non tissees portant des motifs en creux ou en relief, et etoffes non tissees ainsi obtenues
US4960630A (en) * 1988-04-14 1990-10-02 International Paper Company Apparatus for producing symmetrical fluid entangled non-woven fabrics and related method
JPH0737702B2 (ja) * 1986-12-31 1995-04-26 ユニ・チヤ−ム株式会社 開孔模様を有する不織布
JP3366849B2 (ja) * 1997-12-26 2003-01-14 ユニ・チャーム株式会社 開孔不織布の製造方法
DE19901989A1 (de) * 1999-01-20 2000-07-27 Sebastian Fischer Schmutzfangmatte
JP3703711B2 (ja) * 2000-11-27 2005-10-05 ユニ・チャーム株式会社 不織布の製造方法および製造装置
FR2834725B1 (fr) * 2002-01-15 2004-06-11 Rieter Perfojet Machine de production d'un produit textile a motifs et produit non tisse ainsi obtenu
US7326318B2 (en) * 2002-03-28 2008-02-05 Sca Hygiene Products Ab Hydraulically entangled nonwoven material and method for making it
DE102004062666A1 (de) * 2004-12-21 2006-07-06 Fleissner Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bemusterung von gefärbten Stoffen mittels Wasserstrahlbehandlung
DE102005036759A1 (de) * 2005-02-28 2006-08-31 Fleissner Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur plastischen Musterung und Perforation einer Warenbahn sowie ein entsprechend hergestellter Stoff
DE102005033070A1 (de) * 2005-07-15 2007-01-25 Fleissner Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Verfestigen einer Faserbahn mit Druckwasserstrahlen
AU2005338968B2 (en) * 2005-12-07 2012-06-07 Essity Hygiene And Health Aktiebolag Nonwoven material and method for producing nonwoven material
FR2911616B1 (fr) * 2007-01-19 2009-07-03 Rieter Perfojet Soc Par Action Installation et procede de production d'une nappe a base de fibres ou de filaments

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN107532352A (zh) 2018-01-02
CN107532352B (zh) 2019-12-27
DE102015106490B3 (de) 2016-09-29
EP3289131A1 (fr) 2018-03-07
WO2016173685A1 (fr) 2016-11-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3289131B1 (fr) Installation et procédé de consolidation et de structuration de fibres à un non-tissé
EP0273454B1 (fr) Nappe de fibres perforée
DE3132792C2 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Faservlies
DE69600146T2 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung einer musterfreien vliesstoffbahn unter verwendung von hochdruckwasserstrahlung und vorrichtung dafür
DE68913325T2 (de) Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von symmetrischen, mittels einer Flüssigkeit verflochtenen, nichtgewebten Stoffbahnen und entsprenchendes Verfahren.
DE1224697C2 (de) Vorrichtung zur herstellung einer gewebeaehnlichen faserstoffbahn
DE69028090T2 (de) Anlage für die Herstellung einer Vliesstruktur und Produktionsverfahren
DE3302710C2 (de) Verfahren zum Herstellen eines vliesartigen Flächengebildes mit implantierten Fasern sowie ein vliesartiges Flächengebilde mit darin implantierten Fasern
DE69003703T2 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Formung von dreidimensional zusammengesetzten Bahnen.
DE69500811T2 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung von einer nichtgewebten stoffbahn unter verwendung von hochdruckwasserstrahlungen und vorrichtung dafür
DE2239058A1 (de) Verfahren zum herstellen ungewebter fasermaterialbahnen mit verbesserter querfestigkeit
DE1224261B (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung ungewebter Textilfaserstoffe
EP1092054B1 (fr) Procede de production d'un non-tisse a partir de fibres
DE3302708A1 (de) Verfahren zum herstellen eines gemusterten faservlieses
DE3444763A1 (de) Anlage zum herstellen strukturierter textiler velournadelfilzbahnen
DE60217035T2 (de) Pressfilz für die Papierherstellung
EP0841424A1 (fr) Dispositif pour l'aiguilletage hydraulique d'étoffes nont-tissées, tissus
DE1560701C3 (de) Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines ungewebten Faserstoffes
EP2041344B1 (fr) Dispositif pour fabriquer des textiles, des étoffes napées, des étoffes filées, des tissus de papier et/ou des films perforés
DE102014107725A1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung eines strukturierbaren mehrschichtigen Vlieses und mehrschichtiges Vlies
DE69123853T2 (de) Verfahren und anlage zur spinnvliesherstellung und fertigerzeugnisse
EP3061855B1 (fr) Installation de carde et procede de renforcement d'un voile de carde
EP2956578B1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé permettant la consolidation hydrodynamique de non-tissés, de tissus et de tricots
DE1757611A1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von Spinnvliesen und daraus hergestelle Filterstaebe
DE2157283A1 (de) Ungewebter faserstoff sowie verfahren zu seiner herstellung und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20171128

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20181015

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20191202

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1251452

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20200415

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 502016009370

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200701

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20200401

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200801

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200817

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200701

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200702

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 502016009370

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20210112

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20210224

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20210228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210228

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210224

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210224

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210224

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20220217

Year of fee payment: 7

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210228

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R081

Ref document number: 502016009370

Country of ref document: DE

Owner name: TRUETZSCHLER GROUP SE, DE

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: TRUETZSCHLER GMBH & CO. KG, 41199 MOENCHENGLADBACH, DE

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20230221

Year of fee payment: 8

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20230217

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20230223

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20160224

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 502016009370

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230901

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200401

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MM01

Ref document number: 1251452

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20240224

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20240224

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20240224

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20240229

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20240229

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20240224