EP3156435B1 - Copolyamides, moulding compounds containing them and shaped articles produced therefrom - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to copolyamides formed from a diamine component, a dicarboxylic acid component and optionally a lactam and / or omega-amino acid component. Furthermore, the invention relates to a polyamide molding composition containing at least one of these copolyamides. Moldings produced from these molding compositions are used in the automotive sector, in the household sector, in measurement and control technology or in mechanical engineering.

Thermoplastic partially aromatic semi-crystalline polyamides represent a group of polyamides, which are characterized by their high temperature resistance. These polyamides are ideal for use in high temperature applications in various fields. In particular, it depends on a high strength at elevated temperatures.

From the WO 2014/198762 are partially aromatic polyamides which are formed from terephthalic acid, optionally isophthalic acid as diacid and hexamethylenediamine and another cyclic diamine as a component.

The WO 2008/155271 describes a preparation process for polyamides, in which a dicarboxylic acid mixture of terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid is used, wherein a part of the Dicarbonsäuregemisches may be replaced by other dicarboxylic acids. The diamine component used is hexamethylenediamine, which may to some extent be replaced by other diamines. Based on this prior art, there is a further need for partially aromatic polyamides having an improved property profile with respect to their processability and the mechanical properties at high temperatures.

The EP 0 280 736 A1 relates to aromatic polyamides which are used as components with good gas barrier properties. These are used in particular for the production of containers.

The JP 2010 285553 A relates to polyamide compositions having a high heat resistance and transparency. These polyamide compositions are used as packaging materials for automotive components and electronic components.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide partially aromatic copolyamides having improved properties, in particular for high-temperature applications.

This object is achieved by the copolyamides having the features of claim 1, the polyamide molding compound having the feature of claim 13 and the moldings having the features of claim 15. The other dependent claims show advantageous developments.

According to the invention copolyamides are provided which are formed from a diamine component A), a dicarboxylic acid component B) and optionally a lactam / or ω-amino acid component C). Here, a maximum excess of the diamine component A) or the dicarboxylic acid component B) of 3% is used. The amount of lactam and / or ω-amino acid component C) is in the range of 0-15 mol%. The sum of components A) to C) is 100 mol%.

• A1) 62 bis 96 Mol-Anteilen 1,6-Hexandiamin,
• A2) 4 bis 38 Mol-Anteilen Bis(aminomethyl)-cyclohexan sowie
• A3) 0 bis 30 Mol-Anteilen eines oder mehrerer von A2) verschiedener cycloaliphatischer Diamine besteht,

wobei die Summe von A2) und A3) 4 bis 38 Mol-Anteile und die Summe von A1), A2) und A3) 100 Mol-Anteile beträgt.The diamine component A) is selected from

• A1) 62 to 96 mol parts 1,6-hexanediamine,
• A2) 4 to 38 mole portions of bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane as well
• A3) is 0 to 30 mol parts of one or more of A2) different cycloaliphatic diamines,

where the sum of A2) and A3) is 4 to 38 mole fractions and the sum of A1), A2) and A3) is 100 mole fractions.

• B1) 64 bis 100 Mol-Anteilen Terephthalsäure,
• B2) 0 bis 18 Mol-Anteilen Isophthalsäure sowie
• B3) 0 bis 18 Mol-Anteilen einer oder mehrerer aliphatischer Dicarbonsäuren mit 6 bis 18 C-Atomen besteht,

wobei die Summe von B1), B2) und B3) 100 Mol-Anteile beträgt.The dicarboxylic acid component B) is selected from

• B1) from 64 to 100 mol parts of terephthalic acid,
• B2) 0 to 18 molar proportions of isophthalic acid as well
• B3) 0 to 18 molar proportions of one or more aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 6 to 18 carbon atoms,

wherein the sum of B1), B2) and B3) is 100 mol parts.

The lactam and / or ω-amino acid component C) is selected from one or more lactams and / or ω-amino acids, wherein the sum of the lactams and / or ω-amino acids is 100 mol parts.

If the copolyamides according to the invention contain only dicarboxylic acids and diamines, then their molar amounts add up to 50 mol% for the sum of all diamines and 50 mol% for the sum of all dicarboxylic acids and the sum of diamines and dicarboxylic acid amounts to 100 mol% for the copolyamide.

Contain the inventive copolyamides in addition to dicarboxylic acids and diamines and lactams or ω-amino acids to X mol%, the sum of all diamines is only (50 - 0.5 X) mol% and the sum of all dicarboxylic acids (50 - 0.5 X) mol%, based on 100 mol% copolyamide.

With regard to the quantities given to the dicarboxylic acids and diamines of the copolyamides, the sum of the molar amounts of all diamines is essentially equal to the sum of the molar amounts of all dicarboxylic acids. Substantially equal here means a maximum excess of the dicarboxylic acids or diamines of 3%, i. the molar ratio of dicarboxylic acids to diamines is 1.03: 1 to 1: 1.03. Preferably, a maximum excess of the dicarboxylic acids or diamines is 2%, i. the molar ratio of dicarboxylic acids to diamines is 1.02: 1 to 1: 1.02.

The quantities with respect to the monomers are to be understood as that a corresponding molar ratio of these monomers used in the polycondensation is also found in the copolyamides prepared in this way by polycondensation.

The notations and abbreviations for polyamides and their monomers are defined in ISO standard 1874-1: 2010. In this application, the following abbreviations are for monomers before BAC for bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, 1,3-BAC for 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, T for terephthalic acid, I for isophthalic acid and 6 for 1,6-hexanediamine ,

• A1) 65 bis 90 Mol-Anteilen 1,6-Hexandiamin,
• A2) 10 bis 25 Mol-Anteilen Bis(aminomethyl)-cyclohexan sowie
• A3) 0 bis 25 Mol-Anteilen eines oder mehrerer von A2) verschiedener cycloaliphatischer Diamine

ausgewählt sind, wobei die Summe von A2) und A3) 10 bis 35 Mol-Anteile und die Summe von A1), A2) und A3) 100 Mol-Anteile beträgt.A preferred embodiment provides that the diamine component A)

• A1) 65 to 90 mol parts 1,6-hexanediamine,
• A2) 10 to 25 molar proportions of bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane and
• A3) 0 to 25 mole portions of one or more of A2) different cycloaliphatic diamines

wherein the sum of A2) and A3) is 10 to 35 mol parts and the sum of A1), A2) and A3) is 100 mol parts.

• A1) 70 bis 82 Mol-Anteilen 1,6-Hexandiamin,
• A2) 18 bis 30 Mol-Anteilen Bis(aminomethyl)-cyclohexan sowie
• A3) 0 bis 12 Mol-Anteilen eines oder mehrerer von A2) verschiedener cycloaliphatischer Diamine

ausgewählt sind, wobei die Summe von A2) und A3) 18 bis 30 Mol- Anteile und die Summe von A1), A2) und A3) 100 Mol-Anteile beträgt.It is further preferred that the diamine component A) consists of

• A1) from 70 to 82 mol parts 1,6-hexanediamine,
• A2) 18 to 30 molar proportions of bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane and
• A3) 0 to 12 molar proportions of one or more of A2) different cycloaliphatic diamines

wherein the sum of A2) and A3) is 18 to 30 mol parts and the sum of A1), A2) and A3) is 100 mol parts.

• B1) 70 bis 100 Mol-Anteilen Terephthalsäure,
• B2) 0 bis 15 Mol-Anteilen Isophthalsäure sowie
• B3) 0 bis 15 Mol-Anteilen einer oder mehrerer aliphatischer Dicarbonsäuren mit 6 bis 18 C-Atomen

ausgewählt und die Summe von B1), B2) und B3) beträgt 100 Mol-Anteile.Preferably, the dicarboxylic acid component B) is made

• B1) from 70 to 100 mol parts of terephthalic acid,
• B2) 0 to 15 mole portions of isophthalic acid as well
• B3) 0 to 15 mole portions of one or more aliphatic Dicarboxylic acids with 6 to 18 carbon atoms

and the sum of B1), B2) and B3) is 100 mol parts.

In a preferred embodiment, the amount of component C) is 0 to 10 mol%, particularly preferably 0 to 5 mol%.

Preferably, the component C) is selected from the group of lactams or ω-amino acids having 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12 carbon atoms consisting of pyrrolidin-2-one (4 C-atoms), caprolactam (6 C Atoms), enanthlactam (7 C-atoms), capryllactam (8 C-atoms), laurolactam (12 C-atoms), 4-aminobutanoic acid, 6-aminohexanoic acid, 7-aminoheptanoic acid, 8-aminooctanoic acid, 11-aminoundecanoic acid, 12- Aminododecanoic acid and mixtures thereof.

Component C) is particularly preferably selected from the group of lactams or ω-amino acids consisting of caprolactam (6 C atoms), laurolactam (12 C atoms), 6-aminohexanoic acid and 12-aminododecanoic acid.

The component A3) is preferably selected from the group of cycloaliphatic diamines consisting of bis (4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl) methane, bis (4-amino-cyclohexyl) methane, bis (4-amino-3-ethyl) cyclohexyl) methane, bis (4-amino-3,5-dimethylcyclohexyl) methane, bis (4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl) propane, bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) propane, isophoronediamine and mixtures thereof.

Particularly preferred component A3) is bis (4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl) methane.

Preferably, the component B3) is selected from the group of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 6 to 18 carbon atoms and consisting of 1,6-hexanedioic acid, 1,9-nonanedioic acid, 1,10-decanedioic acid, 1,12-dodecanedioic acid, 1,13- Tridecanedioic acid, 1,14-tetradecanedioic acid, 1,15-pentadecanoic acid, 1,16-hexadecanedioic acid, 1,18-octadecanedioic acid and mixtures thereof.

Particularly preferred as component B3) 1,6-hexanedioic acid is used.

It is preferred that the sum of the mole fractions of A2) bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, A3) of A2) different cycloaliphatic diamine, B2) isophthalic acid and B3) aliphatic dicarboxylic acid at most 38 molar proportions, preferably at most 35 molar proportions , more preferably at most 30 molar proportions.

A further preferred embodiment provides that the copolyamides according to the invention have a glass transition temperature of at least 140 ° C., preferably of at least 145 ° C., particularly preferably of at least 150 ° C.

The mechanical properties of polyamides are temperature dependent. Thus, the tensile modulus decreases at temperatures above the glass transition temperature of a polyamide. This effect begins to show just below the glass transition temperature. At a higher glass transition temperature, the mechanical properties of polyamides thus remain longer unchanged.

Preferably, the copolyamides of the invention have a melting temperature of at most 350 ° C, preferably of at most 345 ° C, more preferably from 300 to 340 ° C.

Too high a melting temperature makes it difficult to process polyamides, inter alia, by a narrow processing window, since the processing temperature is limited due to the decomposition of the polymer upwards.

It is preferable that the copolyamides of the present invention have a crystallization ability of at least 15 J / g, preferably at least 20 J / g, and more preferably at least 25 J / g, determined as a difference of heat of fusion and heat of crystallization. The heat of fusion and crystallization is determined by means of DSC measurement according to ISO 11357, the measured values of the third heating being used.

The crystallizability of a polyamide must be sufficiently high to allow a practical processing speed and sufficient crystallinity in the finished part, eg in injection molding or in extrusion. Lies the ability to crystallize too deep, the typical high-temperature properties such as high heat resistance are not achieved. At 11 to 15 J / g, the utility as a high-temperature polymer is severely impaired; if it is less than 10 J / g, it is no longer present.

The copolyamides according to the invention preferably have a relative viscosity, measured at 20 ° C. and a concentration of 0.5 g / dl in m-cresol, of 1.45 to 1.95, preferably 1.50 to 1.75, particularly preferably 1 , 55 to 1.68 on.

The adjustment of the relative viscosity and thus the molecular weight can be carried out in a manner known per se, e.g. via monofunctional amines or carboxylic acids, and / or difunctional diamines or dicarboxylic acids as chain regulators. Preferred monofunctional chain regulators for the copolyamides according to the invention are benzoic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, lauric acid, stearic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, cyclohexanoic acid, propylamine, butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, n-octylamine, n-nonylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-tetradecylamine, n-hexadecylamine, stearylamine, cyclohexylamine, 3- (cyclohexylamino) -propylamine, methylcyclohexylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, benzylamine, 2-phenylethylamine, aniline or triacetonediamine. The chain regulators can be used individually or in combination. Other monofunctional compounds which can react with an amino or acid group, such as anhydrides, isocyanates, acid halides or esters, can also be used as chain regulators. The usual amount of monofunctional chain regulators used is between 10 and 200 mmol per kg of copolyamide.

It is preferred that the copolyamides of the invention have a modulus of elasticity between 2400 and 4200 MPa, preferably 2500 to 4000 MPa, more preferably 2600 to 3900 MPa.

In a preferred embodiment, the copolyamides according to the invention contain no lactams and / or ω-amino acids.

In a further preferred embodiment, the copolyamides according to the invention contain no isophthalic acid.

In a further preferred embodiment, the copolyamides according to the invention are formed from the monomers 1,6-hexanediamine A1), bis (aminomethyl) -cyclohexane A2), terephthalic acid B1) and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 6 to 18 C atoms B3).

In a further preferred embodiment, the copolyamides according to the invention contain no aliphatic dicarboxylic acids.

In a further preferred embodiment, the copolyamides according to the invention are formed from the monomers 1,6-hexanediamine A1), bis (aminomethyl) -cyclohexane A2), A2 other than cycloaliphatic diamines A3) and terephthalic acid B1).

In a further preferred embodiment, the copolyamides according to the invention contain no cycloaliphatic diamines except bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane.

In a very particularly preferred embodiment, the copolyamides according to the invention are formed from the monomers 1,6-hexanediamine A1), bis (aminomethyl) -cyclohexane A2) and terephthalic acid B1).

The bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane A2) is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, 1,4-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane and mixtures thereof. Preferably, 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane is used.

According to the invention also polyamide molding compositions are provided which contain at least one of the copolyamides described above.

1. I) 15 bis 99,95 Gew.-% einem oder mehreren Copolyamiden nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12,
2. II) 0,05 bis 25 Gew.-% Zusatzstoffen,
3. III) 0 bis 70 Gew.-% Verstärkungs- und/oder Füllstoffen,
4. IV) 0 bis 45 Gew.-% weiteren Polymeren, verschieden von der Komponente I),

wobei sich die Komponenten I) bis IV) zu 100 Gew.-% addieren.The polyamide molding composition according to the invention preferably consists of

1. I) 15 to 99.95% by weight of one or more copolyamides according to one of Claims 1 to 12,
2. II) from 0.05 to 25% by weight of additives,
3. III) 0 to 70 wt .-% reinforcing and / or fillers,
4. IV) 0 to 45% by weight of further polymers, different from component I),

wherein the components I) to IV) add up to 100 wt .-%.

The additives (component II) are preferably selected from the group consisting of inorganic stabilizers, organic stabilizers, in particular antioxidants, antiozonants, light stabilizers, UV stabilizers, UV absorbers or UV blockers, IR absorbers, NIR absorbers, antiblocking agents, nucleating agents , Crystallization accelerators, crystallization retardants, condensation catalysts, chain regulators, defoamers, chain-extending additives, conductivity additives, release agents, lubricants, dyes, markers, inorganic pigments, organic pigments, carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene, titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, barium sulfate, photochromic agents, antistatic agents , Mold release agents, optical brighteners, halogen-free flame retardants, metallic pigments, metal flakes, metal-coated particles and mixtures thereof.

The additives can also be added in masterbatch form. Preferably, a polyamide is used as the base polymer of the masterbatch. This polyamide is preferably selected from the group consisting of PA 6, PA 66, PA 12, PA 1012, PA 1212, PA 6/12, PA 6/66, PA 6/69 and mixtures thereof or consists of the copolyamide according to claims 1-12 itself.

The reinforcing and filling agents (component III) are preferably selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, carbon fibers, metal fibers, whiskers, mineral fibers, synthetic phyllosilicates, natural phyllosilicates and mixtures thereof.

For the glass or carbon fibers, short fibers, long fibers or continuous fibers (roving) can be used.

The glass or carbon fibers have a cross-section that is round, oval, elliptical, angular or rectangular. It can also be fibers with non-circular Cross section ("flat fibers"), in particular oval, elliptical, angular or rectangular are used. Among the flat fibers, flat glass fibers are particularly preferable.

The appearance of the glass fibers may be stretched or spiral.

Glass fibers from all types of glass, e.g. A, C, D, E, M, S, R glass, or any mixtures thereof. Preference is given to glass fibers made of E glass or glass fibers from mixtures with E glass or mixtures with E glass fibers.

The short glass fibers preferably have a fiber length of 1 to 25 mm, preferably 1.5 to 20 mm, more preferably 2 to 12 mm and most preferably from 2 to 8 mm.

The glass fibers preferably have a diameter of 5 to 20 .mu.m, preferably from 5 to 15 .mu.m and particularly preferably from 6 to 12 .mu.m.

If the glass fibers are used as continuous fibers (roving) in the pulltrusion process, they preferably have a diameter of not more than 20 μm, preferably of not more than 18 μm, particularly preferably of from 5 to 14 μm.

The carbon fibers preferably have a diameter of 3 to 12 .mu.m, preferably 4 to 10 .mu.m, more preferably 4 to 9 .mu.m.

Suitable particulate fillers are all fillers known to those skilled in the art. These include in particular particulate fillers selected from the group consisting of minerals, talc, mica, dolomite, silicates, quartz, titanium dioxide, wollastonite, kaolin, silicic acids, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, chalk, ground glass, glass flakes, ground carbon fibers, ground mineral fibers, ground glass fibers , ground or precipitated calcium carbonate, lime, feldspar, barium sulfate, permanent magnet or magnetizable metals or alloys, glass spheres, hollow glass spheres, hollow spherical silicate fillers and mixtures thereof.

The reinforcements or fillers may be surface treated, i. they can be equipped with a suitable sizing or bonding agent system. For example, systems based on fatty acids, waxes, silanes, titanates, polyamides, urethanes, polyhydroxy ethers, epoxides, nickel or combinations or mixtures thereof can be used for this purpose. Preferably, both the reinforcing materials and the fillers are surface-treated.

The other polymers (component IV) are preferably selected from the group consisting of polyamides, different from component I), polytretrafluoroethylene, polyphenylene sulfides, polyphenylene ethers and impact modifiers.

The impact modifiers are preferably selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin copolymers, acrylate copolymers, acrylic acid copolymers, vinyl acetate copolymers, styrene copolymers, styrene block copolymers, ionic ethylene copolymers in which the acid groups are partially neutralized with metal ions are core-shell impact modifiers and mixtures thereof.

The impact modifiers are preferably functionalized with unsaturated carboxylic acids, unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives and / or unsaturated glycidyl compounds by copolymerization and / or grafting.

The conditions under which the copolymerization or grafting takes place are well known to the person skilled in the art.

The impact modifiers can also be used in the form of a mixture or a blend of unfunctionalized and / or functionalized impact modifiers.

The polyolefin copolymers are preferably selected from the group consisting of ethylene-α-olefin copolymers, propylene-α-olefin copolymers, ethylene-propylene copolymers, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers and mixtures thereof, wherein the α-olefins preferably 3 to 18 carbon atoms have. The α-olefins are particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of propene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene-1-dodecene and mixtures thereof.

According to the invention, moldings are also provided which can be produced from the molding compositions or copolyamides described above. These moldings are preferably in the form of a component that, for example, in the automobile, especially in the engine compartment, in the sanitary area, especially for hot water applications, household, especially for coffee machines, water heaters, immersion heaters, dishwashers, washing machines, in the measurement, control and Control technology, in particular for actuators, sensors, gearboxes, compressed air controls, valves, both for hydraulics and pneumatics or can be used in mechanical engineering.

The preparation of the copolyamides and the molding compositions can be carried out according to the following methods.

Preparation of the Copolyamides According to the Invention

Deionized water is introduced into an autoclave and the monomers and any additives, such as chain regulators, defoamers, condensation catalysts or heat stabilizers, are added. Thereafter, it is repeatedly inertized with nitrogen. While stirring, the reaction temperature of 250 to 280 ° C is heated. This is done at a maximum pressure of 40 bar. The batch is kept in the pressure phase for 0.5 to 4 hours at the reaction temperature and then discharged with steam through a nozzle. The precondensate is dried for 12 to 36 hours at 100 to 120 ° C and a vacuum of 10 to 50 mbar.

The precondensate is postcondensed in a twin-screw extruder. For this purpose cylinder temperatures of 10 to 170 ° C are set in the first 3 to 4 zones, in the remaining zones cylinder temperatures of 300 to 380 ° C are used in an ascending and descending temperature profile. The melt is degassed 2 to 3 zones in front of the nozzle by a stream of nitrogen. The screw speed is set to 130 to 300 rpm. The polyamide is discharged as a strand through a nozzle, and although at a nozzle temperature set at 310 to 370 ° C. The strand is cooled in a water bath at 10 to 80 ° C and then granulated. The granules are dried for 12 to 36 hours at 100 to 120 ° C and a vacuum of 10 to 50 mbar or under nitrogen to a water content of less than 0.1 wt .-%.

Suitable catalysts for accelerating the polycondensation reaction are phosphorus-containing acids such as H ₃ PO ₂ , H ₃ PO ₃ , H ₃ PO ₄ , their salts or organic derivatives. The catalysts are added in the range of 0.01 to 0.5 wt .-%, preferably 0.03 to 0.1 wt .-%, based on the polyamide.

Suitable defoamers for preventing foaming during degassing are aqueous, 10% emulsions containing silicones or silicone derivatives and in amounts of from 0.01 to 1.0% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 0.10% by weight. %, based on the polyamide, are used.

Production of the novel polyamide molding composition

The copolyamides according to the invention can already be provided with additives during the polycondensation, in which case the additives are usually substances which are to have their effect during the polycondensation, such as chain regulators, antifoams, condensation catalysts or heat stabilizers.

The copolyamides according to the invention can also be prepared by compounding with additives, reinforcing materials, fillers and / or further polymers. For this purpose, the dried copolyamide granules I), the additives II) and optionally reinforcing and / or fillers III) and / or further polymers IV) are mixed (compounded) on conventional compounding machines, such as single- or twin-screw extruders or screw kneaders. , The components are individually dosed into the feeder or in a sidefeeder. The components I), II) and optionally the component IV) can also be supplied in the form of a dry blend. Usually The reinforcing materials or fillers are dosed individually via gravimetric dosing or sidefeeder into the melt.

For dryblend preparation, the dried copolyamide granules I), the additives II) and optionally other polymers IV) are mixed in a closed container. This mixture is homogenized by means of a tumble mixer, Rhönradmischers or tumble dryer for 10 - 40 minutes long. To avoid moisture absorption, this can be done under dried inert gas.

The compounding takes place at set cylinder temperatures of 70 to 100 ° C for the first housing and 300 ° C to 380 ° C for the remaining housing. Vacuum can be applied in front of the nozzle, degassed atmospherically or under nitrogen. The screw speed is set to 130 to 300 rpm. The melt is discharged in strand form, cooled in a water bath at 10 to 80 ° C and then granulated. The granules are dried for 12 to 36 hours at 100 to 120 ° C and a vacuum of 10 to 50 mbar or under nitrogen to a water content of less than 0.1 wt .-%.

In the context of this application, the following measurement methods were used:

Relative viscosity

ISO 307
granules
0.5 g in 100 ml of m-cresol
Temperature 20 ° C
Calculation of the relative viscosity (RV) according to RV = t / t ₀ on the basis of section 11 of the standard.

Glass transition temperature (Tg), heat of crystallization, heat of fusion and melting point:

ISO 11357
granules
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was performed at each of the three heats at a rate of 20 K / min. After the first heating, it is cooled down at 20 K / min. After the second heating up the sample is quenched in dry ice. Glass transition temperature (Tg), heat of crystallization, heat of fusion and melting point are determined on the third heating.

At the melting point, the temperature is given at the peak maximum. The center of the glass transition area, which is given as the glass transition temperature (Tg), was determined by the method "Half height".

Train modulus:

ISO 527 with a pulling speed of 1 mm / min
ISO tension rod, standard: ISO / CD 3167, type A1, 170 x 20/10 x 4 mm, temperature 23 ° C

Tensile strength and elongation at break:

ISO 527 with a pulling speed of 50 mm / min for unreinforced and 5 mm / min for reinforced materials
ISO tension rod, standard: ISO / CD 3167, type A1, 170 x 20/10 x 4 mm, temperature 23 ° C

Impact strength according to Charpy:

ISO 179 / * eU
ISO test rod, standard: ISO / CD 3167, type B1, 80 x 10 x 4 mm, temperature 23 ° C
* 1 = not instrumented, 2 = instrumented

Charpy impact strength:

ISO 179 / * eA
ISO test rod, standard: ISO / CD 3167, type B1, 80 x 10 x 4 mm, temperature 23 ° C
* 1 = not instrumented, 2 = instrumented

The subject according to the invention is intended to be explained in more detail with reference to the following examples, without wishing to restrict it to the specific embodiments presented here.

The copolyamides of Examples 1 to 15 of Tables 2, 3 and 4 and Comparative Examples 16 to 26 and 29 to 31 of Tables 5, 6 and 8 contain 0.13% by weight of phosphinic acid ( CAS-No. 6303-21-5 , Manufacturer Honeywell Specialty Chemicals, Germany) as a condensation catalyst and 0.04% by weight of Antifoam RD 10% by weight of emulsion ( CAS-No. 9004-62-0 , Manufacturer Dow Corning S: A :, Belgium) as an antifoam, wherein the quantities are based on the copolyamide.

The polyamide molding compositions of Example 28 and Comparative Example 29 of Table 7 contain as glass fibers Vetrotex 995 EC10-4.5 (diameter 10 μm, length 4.5 mm, round cross-section, manufacturer Saint-Gobain Vetrotex, France) as heat stabilizer 1 Irganox 1098 (N , N'-hexane-1,6-diylbis [3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionamide], CAS-No. 23128-74-7 , Manufacturer BASF SE, Germany) and as heat stabilizer 2 Irgafos 168 (tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, CAS-No. 31570-04-4 , Manufacturer BASF SE, Germany).

Production of the test specimens

The test specimens were produced on an injection molding machine from Arburg, model Allrounder 420 C 1000-250. The test specimens of the unreinforced copolyamides were manufactured with rising cylinder temperatures of 320 ° C to 340 ° C. Those of the reinforced polyamide compositions of Example 28 and Comparative Example 29 were made with increasing cylinder temperatures of 340 ° C to 360 ° C.
The mold temperature was always 150 ° C.

The specimens were used in a dry state; for this purpose, they were after injection at least 48 h at room temperature in a dry environment, ie stored on silica gel.

Table 1 lists the monomers used for the preparation of the copolyamides in the Examples and Comparative Examples. <b> Table 1 </ b> monomer CAS -No. Melting range [° C] trade name Manufacturer 1,6-hexanediamine A1) 124-09-4 39 to 42 - BASF SE, Germany 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane A2) 2579-20-6 <-70 1,3BAC Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Japan Bis (4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl) -methane A3a) 6864-37-5 - 7 to - 0.6 * Laromin C260 BASF SE, Germany Bis (4-amino-cyclohexyl) -methane A3b) 1761-71-3 -16 to 46 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane BASF SE, Germany Terephthalic acid B1) 100-21-0 > 400 - CEPSA, Spain Isophthalic acid B2) 121-91-5 345 to 348 - Flint Hills Resources, Switzerland 1,6-hexanedioic acid B3) 124-04-9 151 - BASF SE, Germany Caprolactam Ca) 105-60-2 68 to 71 - BASF SE, Germany 12-aminododecanoic acid Cb) 693-57-2 185 to 187 - UBE Industries, * Freezing area according to ASTM D1015-55

Preparation of Copolyamide PA 6T / 1,3-BACT of Example 1

3.48 kg of deionized water were introduced into a 20 liter autoclave and 2.62 kg of 1,6-hexanediamine A1), 0.80 kg of 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) -cyclohexane A2), 4.55 kg of terephthalic acid B1) and 10.2 g of phosphinic acid (50% strength by weight aqueous solution) as condensation catalyst and 3.2 g of Antifoam RD 10% by weight of emulsion as defoamer. Thereafter, it was rendered inert with nitrogen six times. While stirring, it was heated to the reaction temperature of 260 ° C. This was done at a pressure of 32 bar. The batch was kept in the pressure phase for 1.5 hours at the reaction temperature and then discharged with steam through a nozzle. The precondensate was dried for 24 hours at 110 ° C and a vacuum of 30 mbar.

The precondensate was postcondensed in a twin-screw extruder from Werner & Pfleiderer type ZSK 25. For this purpose cylinder temperatures of 10 to 150 ° C were set in the first 4 zones, in the remaining zones cylinder temperatures of 300 to 370 ° C were used in an ascending and descending temperature profile. The melt was degassed in the second zone in front of the nozzle by a stream of nitrogen. The screw speed was 250 rpm, the throughput 6 kg / h. The polyamide was discharged as a strand through a nozzle, with a nozzle temperature of 320 ° C was set. The strand was cooled in a water bath at 80 ° C and then granulated. The granules were dried 24 at 120 ° C and a vacuum of 30 mbar to a water content of less than 0.1 wt .-%.

Preparation of the polyamide molding compound of Example 28

The dried granules of copolyamide I) were mixed together with the two heat stabilizers to a dry blend, in the ratio given in Table 7. This mixture (40 kg) was homogenized by means of a tumble mixer for about 20 minutes.

The polyamide molding compound was produced on a two-shaft extruder from Werner & Pfleiderer type ZSK 25. The dryblend was dosed into the feeder via a dosing scale. The glass fiber was conveyed via a sidefeeder 6 housing units in front of the nozzle into the melt.

The temperature of the first housing was set at 80 ° C, that of the remaining housing at 300 to 350 ° C. It was a speed of 250 rev / min and a throughput of 10 kg / h used and degassed in the third zone in front of the nozzle in a nitrogen stream. The discharged as a strand polyamide molding composition was cooled in a water bath at 80 ° C, granulated and the resulting granules at 120 ° C for 24 h in a vacuum at 30 mbar to a Water content of less than 0.1 wt .-% dried.

In Tables 2 to 4, the compositions of Examples 1 to 15 according to the invention are then listed. At the same time, the measured values determined for these examples are given. <b> Table 2 </ b> EXAMPLES 1 to 10 Copolyamides According to the Invention of 50 Mol% Component A) and 50 Mol% Component B) Examples component unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8th 9 10 A1) 1,6-hexanediamine Mole fractions 80 65 70 70 65 78 64 70 82.5 85 A2) 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane Mole fractions 20 35 26 15 10 11 18 4 17.5 15 A3a) bis (4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl) methane Mole fractions - - 4 15 25 11 18 26 - - B1) terephthalic acid Mole fractions 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 82.5 85 B2) isophthalic acid Mole fractions - - - - - - - - 17.5 15 readings relative viscosity (RV) * - 1.72 1.65 1.70 1.70 1.63 1.63 1.77 1.64 1.62 1.63 Glass transition temperature ** ° C 153 161 159 160 159 151 167 161 152 150 Melting point ** ° C 337 322 323 332 331 343 319 335 325 335 Heat of fusion ΔH _f ** J / g 57 45 51 47 38 60 43 48 47 54 Heat of crystallization ΔH _c ** J / g 30 20 33 24 11 21 26 8th 31 31 (ΔH _f - ΔH _c ) ** J / g 27 25 18 23 27 39 17 40 19 23 Train modulus MPa 3500 3300 3040 2660 3350 3120 2650 2890 3600 3850 tensile strength MPa 92 98 100 79 60 76 58 58 63 65 elongation at break % 4.2 6.3 4.7 4.1 3.3 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.8 Impact strength Charpy 23 ° C kJ / m ² 75 102 133 115 62 72 85 55 - - Notched impact strength Charpy 23 ° C kJ / m ² 7 9 7 10 7 8th 11 6 - - * RV relative viscosity, measured on a solution of 0.5 g of polyamide in 100 ml of m-cresol at 20 ° C
** values of the 3rd heating

In contrast to the copolyamide of Comparative Example 16, the copolyamides of Examples 1 to 10 according to the invention contain all 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) -cyclohexane A2), in some cases bis (4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl) -methane A3a) (as further cycloaliphatic diamine) and in some cases a small amount of isophthalic acid B2). Because of these composition changes have the inventive copolyamide over the copolyamide of Comparative Example 16 a greatly increased glass transition temperature with mostly improved crystallization ability. <b> Table 3 </ b> EXAMPLES 11 to 13 Copolyamides According to the Invention of 50 Mol% Component A) and 50 Mol% Component B) Examples component unit 11 12 13 A1) 1,6-hexanediamine Mole fractions 80 80 75 A2) 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane Mole fractions 20 20 25 B1) terephthalic acid Mole fractions 90 95 95 B3) 1,6-hexanedioic acid Mole fractions 10 5 5 readings relative viscosity (RV) * - 1.61 1.62 1.61 Glass transition temperature ** ° C 144 147 149 Melting point ** ° C 322 334 325 Heat of fusion ΔH _f ** J / g 47 60 60 Heat of crystallization ΔH _c ** J / g 7 11 28 (ΔH _f - ΔH _c ) ** J / g 40 49 32 Train modulus MPa 3350 3380 3290 * RV relative viscosity, measured on a solution of 0.5 g of polyamide in 100 ml of m-cresol at 20 ° C
** values of the 3rd heating

In contrast to the copolyamide of Comparative Example 16, the copolyamides of Examples 11 to 13 according to the invention contain 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) -cyclohexane A2), 1,6-hexanedioic acid B3) (as aliphatic diacid) and no isophthalic acid B2). Due to these compositional changes, the copolyamides of the invention have a greatly increased glass transition temperature and greatly improved crystallizability compared with the copolyamide of Comparative Example 16. <b> Table 4 </ b> Examples 14 and 15 Copolymers of the invention of 48 mol% of component A), 48 mol% of component B) and 4 mol% of component C) Examples component unit 14 15 A1) 1,6-hexanediamine Mole fractions 80 Component A) 48 mol% 80 Component A) 48 mol% A2) 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane Mole fractions 20 20 B1) terephthalic acid Mole fractions 100 Component B) 48 mol% 100 Component B) 48 mol% Ca) caprolactam Mole fractions 100 Component C) 4 mol% - - Cb) 12-aminododecanoic acid Mole fractions - - 100 Component C) 4 mol% readings relative viscosity (RV) * - 1.62 1:59 Glass transition temperature ** ° C 149 141 Melting point ** ° C 329 325 Heat of fusion ΔH _f ** J / g 50 50 Heat of crystallization ΔH _c ** J / g 32 31 (ΔH _f - ΔH _c ) ** J / g 18 19 Train modulus MPa 3300 3200 * RV relative viscosity, measured on a solution of 0.5 g of polyamide in 100 ml of m-cresol at 20 ° C
** values of the 3rd heating

In contrast to the copolyamide of Comparative Example 16, the copolyamides of Examples 14 and 15 according to the invention contain 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) -cyclohexane A2), caprolactam Ca) or 12-aminododecanoic acid Cb) (as component C)) and no isophthalic acid B2) , By choosing the composition according to the invention, the copolyamides according to the invention have, compared to the copolyamide of comparative example 16, a greatly increased glass transition temperature with a slightly improved crystallizability.

All inventive copolyamides of Examples 1 to 15 contain in the sum of a maximum of 38 moles of components A2) bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, A3) further cycloaliphatic diamine, B2) isophthalic acid and B3) aliphatic dicarboxylic acid.

Tables 5 and 6 then show the compositions of Comparative Examples 16 to 26 with associated measurements. <b> Table 5 </ b> Comparative Examples 15 to 23: Copolyamides of 50 mol% component A) and 50 mol% component B) Comparative Examples component unit 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 A1) 1,6-hexanediamine Mole fractions 100 100 60 80 58 75 73 76 A2) 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane Mole fractions - - 40 20 12 20 - - A3a) bis (4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl) methane Mole fractions - - - - 30 30 27 24 B1) terephthalic acid Mole fractions 70 55 100 80 100 75 73 76 B2) isophthalic acid Mole fractions 30 - - 20 - 25 27 24 B3) 1,6-hexanedioic acid Mole fractions - 45 - - - - - - readings rel. Viscosity * - 1:58 1.72 1.70 1.60 1.66 1:58 1.79 1.76 Glass transition temperature ** ° C 130 94 166 148 170 151 154 142 Melting point ** ° C 325 302 301 318 317 310 314 324 Heat of fusion ΔH _f ** ° C 46 49 36 40 18 37 35 42 Heat of crystallization ΔH _c ** J / g 29 18 33 36 13 31 33 34 (ΔH _f - ΔH _c ) ** J / g 17 31 3 4 5 6 2 8th Train modulus MPa 3300 3100 2840 - - - 2580 2600 tensile strength MPa 100 73 103 - - - 74 74 elongation at break % 5.0 15 9.5 - - - 66 70 Impact strength Charpy 23 ° C kJ / m ² 80 80 116 - - - 124 128 Notched impact strength Charpy 23 ° C kJ / m ² 6 7 10 - - - 15 15 * RV relative viscosity, measured on a solution of 0.5 g of polyamide in 100 ml of m-cresol at 20 ° C
** values of the 3rd heating

The copolyamide of Comparative Example 17 has 45 molar proportions of 1,6-hexanedioic acid B3) and shows a very low glass transition temperature of only 94 ° C. The copolyamide of Comparative Example 18 with 40 molar proportions of 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane A2) shows an extremely low crystallization ability.

Extremely low crystallization abilities also show the copolyamides of Comparative Examples 19 to 23, in which the sum of the mole fractions of the components A2) bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, A3) further cycloaliphatic diamine, B2) isophthalic acid and B3) aliphatic dicarboxylic acid at 40 to 54 Mol shares is. <b> Table 6 </ b> Comparative Examples 24 to 26: Copolyamides of 50 mol% component A) and 50 mol% component B) Comparative Examples component unit 24 25 26 A1) 1,6-hexanediamine Mole fractions 70 75 80 A2) 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane Mole fractions 30 25 20 B1) terephthalic acid Mole fractions 80 80 80 B3) 1,6-hexanoic acid Mole fractions 20 20 20 readings relative viscosity (RV) * - 1.60 1.61 1.63 Glass transition temperature ** ° C 139 137 133 Melting point ** ° C 290 291 300 Heat of fusion ΔH _f ** J / g 30 37 40 Heat of crystallization ΔH _c ** J / g 29 28 29 (ΔH _f - ΔH _c ) ** J / g 1 9 11 Train modulus MPa 3110 3160 3180 * RV relative viscosity, measured on a solution of 0.5 g of polyamide in 100 ml of m-cresol at 20 ° C
** values of the 3rd heating

The copolyamides of Comparative Examples 24 to 26 have compared to the copolyamide of Comparative Example 16 usually only slightly increased glass transition temperatures and this at low to extremely low crystallization capabilities. The sum of the mole fractions of the components A2) 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, B2) isophthalic acid and B3) aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is in the Copolyamides of Comparative Examples 24 to 26 at 40 to 50 molar proportions.

Table 7 then shows the compositions of Example 27 and Comparative Example 28 with associated measurements. <b> Table 7 </ b> Compounds with glass fibers example Comparative example component unit 27 28 PA 6T / 1,3-BACT (70/30 mole%) Copolyamide of Example 1 Wt .-% 59.7 - PA 6T / 6I (70/30 mol%) Copolyamide of Comparative Example 16 Wt .-% - 59.7 glass fibers Wt .-% 40 40 Heat stabilizer 1 Wt .-% 12:15 12:15 Heat stabilizer 2 Wt .-% 12:15 12:15 readings relative viscosity (RV) * - 1.62 1.63 Tensile modulus at 23 ° C MPa 14080 14350 Tensile E modulus at 100 ° C MPa 11610 11920 Tensile modulus at 110 ° C MPa 11580 11230 Tensile E modulus at 120 ° C MPa 11520 10520 Tensile modulus at 140 ° C MPa 9460 6130 * RV relative viscosity, measured on a solution of 0.5 g of polyamide in 100 ml of m-cresol at 20 ° C

The reinforced polyamide molding composition of Example 27 with the novel copolyamide of Example 1 as a base shows over the reinforced polyamide molding composition of Comparative Example 28 with the copolyamide of Comparative Example 16 as a base from temperatures of 110 ° C a higher tensile modulus.

Table 8 then shows the compositions of Comparative Examples 29 to 31 with associated measurements. <b> Table 8 </ b> Comparative Examples 29 to 31: copolyamides of 50 mol% of component A) and 50 mol% of component B) Comparative Examples component unit 29 30 31 A1) 1,6-hexanediamine Mole fractions 77 83 79 A3a) bis (4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl) methane Mole fractions 23 17 - A3b) bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) methane Mole fractions - - 21 B1) terephthalic acid Mole fractions 100 83 79 B2) isophthalic acid Mole fractions - 17 21 readings rel. Viscosity * - 1:50 1:56 1.66 Glass transition temperature ** ° C 137 142 161 Melting point ** ° C 342 324 310 Heat of fusion ΔH _f ** ° C 54 34 26 Heat of crystallization ΔH _c ** J / g 14 42 26 (ΔH _f - ΔH _c ) ** J / g 40 8th 0 Train modulus MPa - 2600 2870 tensile strength MPa - 88 72 elongation at break % - 28 3.2 Impact strength Charpy 23 ° C kJ / m ² - kB *** 85 Notched impact strength Charpy 23 ° C kJ / m ² - 14 9 * RV relative viscosity, measured on a solution of 0.5 g of polyamide in 100 ml of m-cresol at 20 ° C
** values of the 3rd heating
*** kB no break

The copolyamides of Comparative Examples 29 and 31 have compositions as in WO 2014/198762 be claimed.

The copolyamide of Comparative Example 29 shows, with the composition, 38.5 mol% of 1,6-hexanediamine A1), 11.5 mol% of bis (4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl) -methane A3a) and 50 mol% of terephthalic acid B1 ) a compared to Comparative Example 16 only slightly increased glass transition temperature and does not reach the glass transition temperatures of Examples 1 to 15 according to the invention.

The copolyamide of Comparative Example 30 shows, with the composition, 41.5 mol% of 1,6-hexanediamine A1), 8.5 mol% of bis (4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl) -methane A3a), 41.5 mol% Terephthalic acid B1) and 8.5 mol% of isophthalic acid B2), although a significantly increased glass transition temperature, but with an extremely low crystallization ability. The same applies to Comparative Example 31 with the composition 39.5 mol% 1,6-hexanediamine A1), 10.5 mol% bis (4-amino-cyclohexyl) -methane A3b), 39.5 mol% terephthalic acid B1) and 10.5 mol% of isophthalic acid B2).

Claims (15)

1. Copolyamides formed from
   a diamine component A),
   a dicarboxylic acid component B) and
   possibly a lactam- and/or ω-amino acid component C),
   a maximum excess of the diamine component A) or the dicarboxylic acid component B) of 3 % being used, the quantity of the lactam- and/or ω-amino acid component C) being 0 - 15% by mol and the sum of components A) to C) being 100% by mol, and

   a) the diamine component A) consisting of

   A1) 62 to 96 proportions by mol of 1,6-hexanediamine,

   A10 4 to 38 proportions by mol of bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane and also

   A3) 0 to 30 proportions by mol of one or more cycloaliphatic diamines different from A2),

   the sum of A2) and A3) being 4 to 38 proportions by mol and the sum of A1), A2) and A3) being 100 proportions by mol,

   b) the dicarboxylic acid component B) consisting of

   B1) 64 to 100 proportions by mol of terephthalic acid,

   B2) 0 to 18 proportions by mol of isophthalic acid and also

   B3) 0 to 18 proportions by mol of one or more aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with 6 to 18 C-atoms,

   the sum of B1), B2) and B3) being 100 proportions by mol, and

   c) the lactam- and/or ω-amino acid component C) consisting of one or more lactams and/or ω-amino acids, the sum of the lactams and/or ω-amino acids being 100 proportions by mol.
2. Copolyamides according to claim 1,
   characterised in that the diamine component A) is selected from

   A1) 65 to 90 proportions by mol of 1,6-hexanediamine,

   A2) 10 to 25 proportions by mol of bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane and also

   A3) 0 to 25 proportions by mol of one or more cycloaliphatic diamines different from A2),

   the sum of A2) and A3) being 10 to 35 proportions by mol and the sum of A1), A2) and A3) being 100 proportions by mol.
3. Copolyamides according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the diamine component A) is selected from

   A1) 70 to 82 proportions by mol of 1,6-hexanediamine,

   A2) 18 to 30 proportions by mol of bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane and also

   A3) 0 to 12 proportions by mol of one or more cycloaliphatic diamines different from A2),

   the sum of A2) and A3) being 18 to 30 proportions by mol and the sum of A1), A2) and A3) being 100 proportions by mol.
4. Copolyamides according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the dicarboxylic acid component B) is selected from

   B1) 70 to 100 proportions by mol of terephthalic acid,

   B2) 0 to 15 proportions by mol of isophthalic acid and also

   B3) 0 to 15 proportions by mol of one or more aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with 6 to 18 C-atoms

   and the sum of B1), B2) and B3) being 100 proportions by mol.
5. Copolyamides according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the dicarboxylic acid component B) is selected from

   B1) 80 to 100 proportions by mol of terephthalic acid,

   B2) 0 to 10 proportions by mol of isophthalic acid and also

   B3) 0 to 10 proportions by mol of one or more aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with 6 to 18 C-atoms

   and the sum of B1), B2) and B3) being 100 proportions by mol.
6. Copolyamides according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that the quantity of component C) is 0 to 10% by mol, preferably 0 to 5% by mol.
7. Copolyamides according to claim 1,
   characterised in that the sum of the proportions by mol of A2) bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, A3) cycloaliphatic diamine, B2) isophthalic acid and B3) aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is at most 38 proportions by mol, preferably at most 35 proportions by mol, particularly preferably at most 30 proportions by mol.
8. Copolyamides according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that the copolyamides have a glass transition temperature of at least 140°C, preferably of at least 145°C, particularly preferably of at least 150°C.
9. Copolyamides according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that the copolyamides have a melting temperature of at most 350°C, preferably of at most 345°C, particularly preferably of 300 to 340°C.
10. Copolyamides according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that the copolyamides have a crystallisation capacity, determined as difference of melting heat and crystallisation heat, of at least 15 J/g, preferably at least of 20 J/g and particularly preferably of at least 25 J/g.
11. Copolyamides according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that the copolyamides have a relative viscosity, measured at 20°C and a concentration of 0.5 g/dl in m-cresol, of 1.45 to 1.95, preferably of 1.50 to 1.75, particularly preferably 1.55 to 1.68.
12. Copolyamides according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that the copolyamides have a tensile modulus of elasticity between 2,400 and 4,200 MPa, preferably 2,500 to 4,000 MPa, particularly preferably 2,600 to 3,900 MPa.
13. Polyamide moulding compound comprising one or more copolyamides according to one of the preceding claims.
14. Polyamide moulding compound according to claim 13, consisting of

    I) 15 to 99.95% by weight of one or more copolyamides according to one of the claims 1 to 13,

    III) 0.05 to 25% by weight of additives,

    III) 0 to 70% by weight of reinforcing- and/or filling materials,

    IV) 0 to 45% by weight of further polymers, different from component I),

    components I) to IV) adding up to 100% by weight.
15. Moulded article produced from a polyamide moulding compound according to one of the claims 13 or 14, preferably in the form of a component for example in automobiles, in particular in the engine space, in the sanitary field, in particular for hot water applications, in the domestic field, in particular for coffee machines, water boilers, immersion coils, dishwashers, washing machines, in measuring-, regulating- and control technology, in particular for actuators, sensors, transmissions, compressed air controls, valves, both for hydraulics and pneumatics, or in mechanical engineering.