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EP3141733B1 - Powertrain comprising a non-cooled exhaust-gas recirculation line and associated method - Google Patents

Powertrain comprising a non-cooled exhaust-gas recirculation line and associated method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3141733B1
EP3141733B1 EP16188478.8A EP16188478A EP3141733B1 EP 3141733 B1 EP3141733 B1 EP 3141733B1 EP 16188478 A EP16188478 A EP 16188478A EP 3141733 B1 EP3141733 B1 EP 3141733B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
recirculation
exhaust gas
heat exchanger
pipe
engine
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP16188478.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3141733A1 (en
Inventor
Laurent Germes
Maxime Dubarry
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Renault SAS
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Renault SAS
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Publication of EP3141733A1 publication Critical patent/EP3141733A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
    • F02M26/24—Layout, e.g. schematics with two or more coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
    • F02M26/28—Layout, e.g. schematics with liquid-cooled heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/37—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with temporary storage of recirculated exhaust gas

Definitions

  • the invention also relates to a method of implementing the powertrain produced according to the teachings of the invention.
  • the engine does not require any cooling.
  • exhaust gas treatment systems such as catalysts
  • exhaust gas treatment systems only start to act on compounds polluting exhaust gases when they are heated above an activation temperature.
  • the exhaust gas is not hot enough to quickly activate such exhaust gas treatment systems. A faster heating of the engine, and consequently of the exhaust gases, would make it possible to significantly reduce the pollutant emissions of the engine.
  • the invention proposes a powertrain of the type described above, characterized in that the exhaust gas recirculation circuit comprises a third recirculation duct which connects the exhaust duct with the intake duct in parallel with the first exchanger. of heat and in parallel with the second heat exchanger, as described by the document US2015 / 176445-A1 .
  • the powertrain according to the invention is characterized in that the second heat exchanger also allows the exchange of heat between a cooling coolant and the lubricating fluid and in that it comprises means for selectively controlling the passage of the flow of recirculated exhaust gas in each of the recirculation lines.
  • the third recirculation pipe is devoid of heat exchanger.
  • the invention relates, according to the subject of the independent claim 3, also a method of implementation of the powertrain produced according to the object of the independent claim 1.
  • the first step is triggered when the engine temperature is below a predetermined temperature.
  • the second step of heating the lubricating fluid is triggered when the engine temperature is above a predetermined temperature.
  • an exhaust gas flow circulates only in the second recirculation pipe.
  • upstream and downstream will be used as a function of the direction of flow of the fluid streams, and in particular of the exhaust gas.
  • FIG. 1 An example of powertrain 10. This is a powertrain for a motor vehicle.
  • the powertrain 10 comprises an internal combustion engine 12, for example a Diesel type engine.
  • the engine 12 comprises a plurality of combustion chambers which are supplied with air by an intake duct 14.
  • the intake duct 14 comprises an upstream filter 16 which prevents the passage of impurities liable to foul the motor 12.
  • a compressor 18 is interposed in the inlet duct 14 downstream of the filter 16.
  • the compressed air, superheated through its passage in the compressor 18, is capable of being cooled by a cooler 20 which is arranged in the inlet duct 14, downstream of the compressor 18.
  • the air flow which supplies the motor 12 is controlled by a valve 22, for example a butterfly valve, which is interposed in the inlet duct 14, downstream of the cooler 20.
  • the powertrain also includes an exhaust duct 24 which is intended to evacuate the exhaust gases produced by the combustion of fuel in the combustion chambers to the free air.
  • a turbine 26 is interposed in the exhaust pipe 24. This turbine 26 is mechanically linked to the air compressor 18, all forming a turbocharger 28.
  • the exhaust duct 24 is equipped with several depollution devices.
  • a first depollution device is formed by a catalyst 30 which is interposed in the exhaust pipe 24 downstream of the turbine 26.
  • the catalyst 30 allows for example the removal of carbon monoxide (CO) and / or unburned hydrocarbons (HC) present in the exhaust gas.
  • CO carbon monoxide
  • HC unburned hydrocarbons
  • a second depollution device is formed by a particulate filter 32.
  • the particulate filter 32 filters the exhaust gases to retain carbonaceous particles from the combustion.
  • the particulate filter 32 is arranged downstream of the catalyst 30 so that the catalyst 30 can benefit from the heat of the exhaust gas for its heating.
  • the powertrain unit is furthermore equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation circuit 34.
  • an exhaust gas recirculation circuit 34 Such a device is intended to inject a portion of the exhaust gas, called “recirculated” exhaust gas, into the intake air.
  • the combustion chambers are fed with a mixture of fresh air and recirculated exhaust gas.
  • NOx nitrogen oxides
  • the recirculation circuit 34 comprises a first exhaust gas recirculation duct 36 which connects the exhaust duct 24 with the intake duct 14. More particularly, the recirculated exhaust gases are taken upstream of the turbine 26, as close as possible to an outlet orifice of the engine 12. The recirculated exhaust gases are injected into the intake duct 14 downstream of the engine. valve 22 for controlling the air flow.
  • First permanent cooling means are interposed in this first recirculation pipe 36. These first cooling means are intended to cool the recirculated exhaust gas flowing in said first recirculation pipe 36 so that they have a temperature optimal for lowering the production of nitrogen oxides (NOx) during combustion.
  • NOx nitrogen oxides
  • the first permanent cooling means are formed by a first heat exchanger 38 comprising a cooling circuit (not shown) in which circulates a heat transfer fluid. Part of the heat of the recirculated exhaust stream flowing in the first recirculation pipe 36 is thus transferred to said heat transfer liquid.
  • the recirculation circuit 34 also comprises a second recirculation duct 40 which connects the exhaust duct 24 with the intake duct 14 in parallel with the first recirculation duct 36, and more particularly in parallel with the first heat exchanger 38. .
  • a second heat exchanger 42 is interposed in this second recirculation pipe 40.
  • This is a heat exchanger 42 comprising a circuit 43 for lubricating fluid in which flows a flow of lubricating fluid from the engine 12.
  • a circuit 43 for lubricating fluid for lubricating fluid in which flows a flow of lubricating fluid from the engine 12.
  • the lubricating fluid is here formed by oil.
  • This oil is intended to lubricate the moving mechanical elements of the engine 12 such as the crankshaft, connecting rods, pistons, etc.
  • part of the heat of the recirculated exhaust gas present in the second recirculation line 40 is transferred to the lubricating fluid.
  • this reduces the heating time of the lubricating fluid during a cold start.
  • the lubricating fluid must indeed be heated beyond an optimum temperature to reduce the friction of the moving parts of the engine 12, and thus reduce fuel consumption.
  • This second heat exchanger 42 whose function is to take heat from the recirculated exhaust gas forms therefore a means of permanently cooling the recirculated exhaust gas.
  • the recirculation circuit 34 further comprises a third recirculation line 44 which connects the exhaust duct 24 with the intake duct 14 in parallel with the first two ducts 36, 40 for recirculation. More particularly, this third recirculation line 44 makes it possible to bypass simultaneously the first heat exchanger 38 and the second heat exchanger 42.
  • This third recirculation pipe 44 is devoid of permanent cooling means, and it is more particularly devoid of heat exchanger. Thus, the recirculated exhaust gas flowing in this third pipe 44 for recirculation is not cooled.
  • the normal heat losses through the walls of the third recirculation pipe 44 are considered negligible, but it may be provided to thermally isolate the third recirculation pipe 44 to further improve the efficiency of the process which will be described later.
  • the recirculation circuit 34 also comprises means for selectively controlling the passage of the recirculated exhaust gas stream in each of the recirculation lines 36, 40, 44. These control means are automatically controlled by an electronic control unit (not shown).
  • each of the three recirculation lines 36, 40, 44 is equipped with an associated selection valve 46, 48, 50.
  • the first recirculation line 36 comprises a first selection valve 46
  • the second recirculation line 40 comprises a second selection valve 38
  • the third recirculation line 44 comprises a third selection valve 50.
  • This is for example butterfly type valves.
  • Each of the valves 46, 48, 50 of selection is controlled between a closed position in which the passage of recirculated exhaust gas is totally prohibited, and an open position in which the flow of recirculated exhaust gas is allowed to pass.
  • the selection valves are replaced by a single four-way valve which makes it possible to control the passage of the recirculated exhaust gases selectively towards one of the three recirculation ducts.
  • valve 52 EGR a control valve, called valve 52 EGR.
  • This valve 52 EGR is arranged in the recirculation circuit 34, downstream of a junction of three recirculation lines 36, 40, 44, and upstream of the connection of the recirculation circuit 34 with the inlet duct 14. This is for example a butterfly type valve.
  • heat exchanger 42 of the examples is replaced by a heat exchanger 54 which comprises, in addition to the circuit 43 of lubricating fluid, a circuit 56 for cooling the lubricating fluid.
  • the circuit 56 for cooling the lubricating fluid is independent of the cooling circuit of the first heat exchanger 38. Indeed, the optimum temperature of the recirculated exhaust gas is different from the optimum temperature of the lubricating fluid, these two temperatures must therefore be independently controllable.
  • the heat exchanger 54 thus makes it possible simultaneously to transfer the heat of the recirculated exhaust gas to the lubricating fluid and to the cooling fluid.
  • the heat exchanger 54 also makes it possible to transfer the heat from the lubricating fluid to the cooling fluid, in particular when the lubricating fluid has reached its optimum temperature and that no recirculated exhaust gas flows through the second pipe. 40 recirculation.
  • the heat exchanger 54 thus equipped with the cooling circuit 56 makes it possible to replace a lubricating fluid cooler which is traditionally arranged in the lubrication fluid circuit in order to maintain the lubricating fluid at an optimum operating temperature.
  • the recirculation circuit 34 is controlled so as to recirculate an exhaust gas flow only via the third pipe 44 recirculation.
  • the first and second selection valves 46 and 48 are controlled in the closed position while the third selection valve 50 is controlled in the open position.
  • the recirculated exhaust gas is not cooled before being injected into the intake duct 14. This allows the engine temperature to be increased quickly in order to start the aftertreatment of the exhaust gases more quickly.
  • the exhaust gas is still relatively cold compared to the "hot" operation of the engine 12.
  • the lack of cooling of the recirculated exhaust gas does not cause an exceptional production of nitrogen oxides (NOx).
  • This first step “E1" of heating is useful only when the temperature of the motor 12 is lower than a predetermined temperature of cold start.
  • the first step “E1” is triggered when the temperature of the motor 12 is lower than said determined temperature.
  • the process starts directly at the second step "E2".
  • the temperature of the motor 12 it will be possible, for example, to arrange a sensor for measuring the temperature of a metal element of the motor 12, or else to measure the temperature of an engine cooling fluid.
  • the temperature of the engine 12 is estimated as a function of the engine stopping time and possibly as a function of the ambient air temperature.
  • this second step "E2" for heating the lubricating fluid consists in admitting recirculated exhaust gas into the second heat exchanger 42, 54.
  • the recirculation circuit 34 is controlled so that the flow of recirculated exhaust gas circulates only in the second recirculation pipe 40. More particularly, the first and third selection valves 46 and 50 are controlled in the closed position while the second selection valve 48 is controlled in the open position.
  • This second step "E2" makes it possible to take advantage of the heat of the recirculated exhaust gases to heat the lubricating fluid. This accelerates the rise in temperature of the lubricating fluid to its optimum temperature.
  • this second step "E2" also makes it possible to take advantage of the heat of the recirculated exhaust gas to accelerate the rise in temperature of the cooling fluid to an optimum cooling temperature of the lubricating fluid.
  • the exhaust gas becomes too hot to be recirculated without cooling. Combustion of the fuel in the combustion chambers of the engine 12 may then produce an amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) higher than the standards in force. It then becomes necessary to engage a third step "E3" for cooling the recirculated exhaust gas, which consists of recirculating the exhaust gases only via the first recirculation pipe 36, as shown in FIGS. figures 3 and 7 .
  • the recirculated exhaust gas is thus optimally cooled by the first heat exchanger 38.
  • This third step "E3" is for example triggered when the temperature of the exhaust gas exceeds a determined threshold, or when the engine 12 operates for a predetermined time.
  • this third step "E3" can be triggered before the lubricating fluid has reached its optimum temperature.
  • the second and third selection valves 48 and 50 are controlled in the closed position while the first selection valve 46 is controlled in the open position.
  • recirculated exhaust gas is initially admitted into the second recirculation pipe 40.
  • the first and third selection valves 46 and 50 are controlled in the closed position while the second selection valve 48 is controlled in the open position.
  • the recirculated exhaust stream is interrupted as soon as the second recirculation pipe 40 is filled with hot recirculated exhaust gas.
  • the second selection valve 48 is thus closed in order to trap the hot exhaust gases in the second recirculation pipe 40, and more particularly in the second heat exchanger 42, 54.
  • the flow of exhaust gas is recirculated only in the third recirculation pipe 44 to participate in the heating of the engine 12 while the stagnant exhaust gas trapped in the second recirculation pipe 40 warms the lubricating fluid via the exchanger 42, 54 of heat.
  • the second stage "E2" is regularly repeated in order to replace the cooled exhaust gases after transferring their heat to the lubricating fluid by hot recirculated exhaust gases. .
  • This second method advantageously makes it possible to continue heating the engine while heating the lubricating fluid.
  • the powertrain group produced according to the embodiment advantageously allows the engine 12 to be warmed up rapidly and then to heat the lubricating fluid during a period of temperature rise of the exhaust gases during a cold start.
  • the rapid heating of the engine 12 has the advantage of allowing a faster temperature rise of the exhaust gas. This allows in particular an early activation of the catalyst which reaches its activation temperature more rapidly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DE L'INVENTIONTECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

L'invention concerne un groupe motopropulseur de véhicule automobile comportant un moteur à combustion interne qui comporte un conduit d'admission d'air et un conduit d'échappement des gaz d'échappement, le groupe motopropulseur comportant un circuit de recirculation des gaz d'échappement qui comporte :

  • une première conduite de recirculation des gaz d'échappement qui raccorde le conduit d'échappement avec le conduit d'admission et dans laquelle est interposé un premier échangeur de chaleur de refroidissement des gaz d'échappement recirculés ;
  • une deuxième conduite de recirculation qui raccorde le conduit d'échappement avec le conduit d'admission en parallèle avec le premier échangeur de chaleur et dans laquelle est interposé un deuxième échangeur de chaleur entre un flux de fluide de lubrification du moteur et les gaz d'échappement recirculés.
The invention relates to a motor vehicle power unit comprising an internal combustion engine which comprises an air intake duct and an exhaust gas exhaust duct, the power unit comprising a gas recirculation circuit. exhaust which comprises:
  • a first exhaust gas recirculation line which connects the exhaust duct with the intake duct and in which a first recirculated exhaust gas cooling heat exchanger is interposed;
  • a second recirculation line which connects the exhaust duct with the intake duct in parallel with the first heat exchanger and in which is interposed a second heat exchanger between a flow of engine lubricating fluid and the gases of recirculated exhaust.

L'invention concerne aussi un procédé de mise en oeuvre du groupe motopropulseur réalisé selon les enseignements de l'invention.The invention also relates to a method of implementing the powertrain produced according to the teachings of the invention.

ARRIERE PLAN TECHNIQUE DE L'INVENTIONBACKGROUND ART OF THE INVENTION

Les constructeurs automobiles sont actuellement incités à améliorer la consommation de carburant tout en diminuant les émissions de polluants de leurs véhicules. Or, la consommation de carburant et les émissions polluantes sont généralement plus élevées lorsque le groupe motopropulseur est froid que lorsque le groupe motopropulseur atteint sa température normale de fonctionnement.Automakers are currently being encouraged to improve fuel efficiency while reducing pollutant emissions from their vehicles. However, fuel consumption and pollutant emissions are generally higher when the power train is cold than when the power train reaches its normal operating temperature.

Lors d'un démarrage à froid, les parties métalliques du moteur, le liquide de refroidissement, l'huile de lubrification du moteur, et les systèmes de traitement des gaz d'échappement prennent beaucoup de temps pour se réchauffer. Ces composants par conséquent ne fonctionnent pas à leurs températures optimales. Cela influence négativement la consommation de carburant et les émissions polluantes.During a cold start, the metal parts of the engine, the coolant, the engine lubricating oil, and the exhaust gas treatment systems take a long time to warm up. These components therefore do not operate at their optimum temperatures. This negatively influences fuel consumption and pollutant emissions.

Au début d'un démarrage à froid, le moteur ne nécessite aucun refroidissement. Pour atteindre une efficacité énergétique maximale dans le temps le plus court possible, il est avantageux de prévoir de chauffer les fluides de lubrification, tels que l'huile de lubrification du moteur, jusqu'à une certaine température optimale.At the beginning of a cold start, the engine does not require any cooling. To achieve maximum energy efficiency in the shortest possible time, it is advantageous to provide for heating the lubricating fluids, such as the engine lubricating oil, to a certain optimum temperature.

En effet, l'huile moteur se réchauffe lentement dans les moteurs à combustion interne, ce qui provoque des frottements en raison de la viscosité élevée de l'huile froide. Ainsi, une huile de lubrification chaude permet de diminuer significativement la consommation de carburant.Indeed, the engine oil warms up slowly in the internal combustion engines, which causes friction due to the high viscosity of the cold oil. Thus, a hot lubricating oil can significantly reduce fuel consumption.

Par ailleurs, les systèmes de traitement des gaz d'échappement, tels que des catalyseurs, ne commencent à agir sur les composés polluant des gaz d'échappement que lorsqu'ils sont chauffés au-delà d'une température d'activation. Or, en début de démarrage à froid, les gaz d'échappement ne sont pas suffisamment chauds pour activer rapidement de tels systèmes de traitement des gaz d'échappement. Un chauffage plus rapide du moteur, et par conséquence des gaz d'échappement, permettrait de diminuer significativement les émissions de polluants du moteur.On the other hand, exhaust gas treatment systems, such as catalysts, only start to act on compounds polluting exhaust gases when they are heated above an activation temperature. However, at the start of cold start, the exhaust gas is not hot enough to quickly activate such exhaust gas treatment systems. A faster heating of the engine, and consequently of the exhaust gases, would make it possible to significantly reduce the pollutant emissions of the engine.

BREF RESUME DE L'INVENTIONBRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

L'invention propose un groupe motopropulseur du type décrit précédemment, caractérisé en ce que le circuit de recirculation des gaz d'échappement comporte une troisième conduite de recirculation qui raccorde le conduit d'échappement avec le conduit d'admission en parallèle avec le premier échangeur de chaleur et en parallèle avec le deuxième échangeur de chaleur, comme cela est décrit par le document US2015/176445-A1 .The invention proposes a powertrain of the type described above, characterized in that the exhaust gas recirculation circuit comprises a third recirculation duct which connects the exhaust duct with the intake duct in parallel with the first exchanger. of heat and in parallel with the second heat exchanger, as described by the document US2015 / 176445-A1 .

Le groupe motopropulseur selon l'invention se caractérise par le fait que le deuxième échangeur de chaleur permet aussi les échanges de chaleur entre un fluide caloporteur de refroidissement et le fluide de lubrification et en ce qu'il comporte des moyens pour commander sélectivement le passage du flux de gaz d'échappement recirculés dans chacune des conduites de recirculation.The powertrain according to the invention is characterized in that the second heat exchanger also allows the exchange of heat between a cooling coolant and the lubricating fluid and in that it comprises means for selectively controlling the passage of the flow of recirculated exhaust gas in each of the recirculation lines.

Avantageusement, la troisième conduite de recirculation est dénuée d'échangeur de chaleur.Advantageously, the third recirculation pipe is devoid of heat exchanger.

L'invention concerne, selon l'objet de la revendication indépendante 3, aussi un procédé de mise en oeuvre du groupe motopropulseur réalisé selon selon l'objet de la revendication indépendante 1.The invention relates, according to the subject of the independent claim 3, also a method of implementation of the powertrain produced according to the object of the independent claim 1.

Avantageusement, la première étape est déclenchée lorsque la température du moteur est inférieure à une température déterminée.Advantageously, the first step is triggered when the engine temperature is below a predetermined temperature.

Avantageusement, la deuxième étape de chauffage du fluide de lubrification est déclenchée lorsque la température du moteur est supérieure à une température déterminée.Advantageously, the second step of heating the lubricating fluid is triggered when the engine temperature is above a predetermined temperature.

Avantageusement, lors de la deuxième étape, un flux de gaz d'échappement circule uniquement dans la deuxième conduite de recirculation.Advantageously, during the second step, an exhaust gas flow circulates only in the second recirculation pipe.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaitront au cours de la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre pour la compréhension de laquelle on se reportera aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'un groupe motopropulseur de véhicule automobile qui comporte un exemple de circuit de recirculation des gaz d'échappement, le flux de gaz d'échappement recirculés circulant à travers une troisième conduite de recirculation non refroidie ;
  • la figure 2 représente un groupe motopropulseur identique à celui de la figure 1 dans lequel le flux de gaz d'échappement recirculés circule à travers une deuxième conduite de recirculation pour chauffer un fluide de lubrification du moteur ;
  • la figure 3 représente un groupe motopropulseur identique à celui de la figure 1 dans lequel le flux de gaz d'échappement recirculés circule à travers une première conduite de recirculation pour refroidir les gaz d'échappement recirculés ;
  • la figure 4 représente un groupe motopropulseur identique à celui de la figure 1 dans lequel des gaz d'échappement chauds sont piégés dans la deuxième conduite de recirculation tandis qu'un flux de gaz d'échappement recirculés circule uniquement à travers la troisième conduite de recirculation pour chauffer un fluide de lubrification du moteur ;
  • la figure 5 est une représentation schématique d'un groupe motopropulseur de véhicule automobile qui comporte un circuit de recirculation des gaz d'échappement réalisé selon l'invention dans laquelle l'échangeur de chaleur de la deuxième conduite de recirculation comporte aussi un circuit de refroidissement du fluide de lubrification, le flux de gaz d'échappement recirculés circulant à travers une troisième conduite de recirculation non refroidie ;
  • la figure 6 représente un groupe motopropulseur identique à celui de la figure 5 dans lequel le flux de gaz d'échappement recirculés circule à travers une deuxième conduite de recirculation pour chauffer un fluide de lubrification du moteur et le liquide de refroidissement associé ;
  • la figure 7 représente un groupe motopropulseur identique à celui de la figure 5 dans lequel le flux de gaz d'échappement recirculés circule à travers une première conduite de recirculation pour refroidir les gaz d'échappement recirculés ;
  • la figure 8 représente un groupe motopropulseur identique à celui de la figure 5 dans lequel des gaz d'échappement chauds sont piégés dans la deuxième conduite de recirculation tandis qu'un flux de gaz d'échappement recirculés circule uniquement à travers la troisième conduite de recirculation pour chauffer un fluide de lubrification du moteur.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear during the reading of the detailed description which follows for the understanding of which reference will be made to the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic representation of a motor vehicle powertrain that includes an exemplary exhaust gas recirculation circuit, the recirculated exhaust gas stream flowing through a third uncooled recirculation conduit;
  • the figure 2 represents a powertrain identical to that of the figure 1 wherein the recirculated exhaust stream flows through a second recirculation line to heat a lubricating fluid of the engine;
  • the figure 3 represents a powertrain identical to that of the figure 1 wherein the recirculated exhaust stream flows through a first recirculation line to cool the recirculated exhaust gas;
  • the figure 4 represents a powertrain identical to that of the figure 1 wherein hot exhaust gases are trapped in the second recirculation line while a recirculated exhaust gas stream flows only through the third recirculation line for heating a lubricating fluid of the engine;
  • the figure 5 is a schematic representation of a motor vehicle powertrain which comprises an exhaust gas recirculation circuit made according to the invention in which the heat exchanger of the second recirculation pipe also comprises a cooling circuit of the fluid of lubrication, the flow of recirculated exhaust gas flowing through a third uncooled recirculation line;
  • the figure 6 represents a powertrain identical to that of the figure 5 wherein the recirculated exhaust stream flows through a second recirculation line to heat a lubricating fluid of the engine and the associated coolant;
  • the figure 7 represents a powertrain identical to that of the figure 5 wherein the recirculated exhaust stream flows through a first recirculation line to cool the recirculated exhaust gas;
  • the figure 8 represents a powertrain identical to that of the figure 5 wherein hot exhaust gases are trapped in the second recirculation line while a recirculated exhaust stream flows only through the third recirculation line to heat a lubricating fluid of the engine.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DES FIGURESDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Dans la suite de la description, des éléments présentant une structure identique ou des fonctions analogues seront désignés par des mêmes références.In the remainder of the description, elements having identical structure or similar functions will be designated by the same references.

Dans la suite de la description, on utilisera les termes amont et aval en fonction du sens de circulation des flux de fluides, et notamment de gaz d'échappement.In the remainder of the description, the terms upstream and downstream will be used as a function of the direction of flow of the fluid streams, and in particular of the exhaust gas.

On a représenté aux figures 1 à 4 un exemple de groupe motopropulseur 10. Il s'agit d'un groupe 10 motopropulseur pour un véhicule automobile.Representatives Figures 1 to 4 an example of powertrain 10. This is a powertrain for a motor vehicle.

Le groupe 10 motopropulseur comporte un moteur 12 à combustion interne, par exemple un moteur de type Diesel. De manière connue, le moteur 12 comporte plusieurs chambres de combustion qui sont alimentées en air par un conduit 14 d'admission.The powertrain 10 comprises an internal combustion engine 12, for example a Diesel type engine. In known manner, the engine 12 comprises a plurality of combustion chambers which are supplied with air by an intake duct 14.

Le conduit 14 d'admission comporte un filtre 16 amont qui empêche le passage d'impuretés susceptibles d'encrasser le moteur 12. Un compresseur 18 est interposé dans le conduit 14 d'admission en aval du filtre 16. L'air comprimé, surchauffé par son passage dans le compresseur 18, est susceptible d'être refroidi par un refroidisseur 20 qui est agencé dans le conduit 14 d'admission, en aval du compresseur 18. Le débit d'air qui alimente le moteur 12 est commandé par une vanne 22, par exemple une vanne papillon, qui est interposée dans le conduit 14 d'admission, en aval du refroidisseur 20.The intake duct 14 comprises an upstream filter 16 which prevents the passage of impurities liable to foul the motor 12. A compressor 18 is interposed in the inlet duct 14 downstream of the filter 16. The compressed air, superheated through its passage in the compressor 18, is capable of being cooled by a cooler 20 which is arranged in the inlet duct 14, downstream of the compressor 18. The air flow which supplies the motor 12 is controlled by a valve 22, for example a butterfly valve, which is interposed in the inlet duct 14, downstream of the cooler 20.

Le groupe 10 motopropulseur comporte aussi un conduit 24 d'échappement qui est destiné à évacuer les gaz d'échappement produits par la combustion de carburant dans les chambres de combustion jusqu'à l'air libre. Une turbine 26 est interposée dans le conduit 24 d'échappement. Cette turbine 26 est liée mécaniquement avec le compresseur 18 d'air, le tout formant un turbocompresseur 28.The powertrain also includes an exhaust duct 24 which is intended to evacuate the exhaust gases produced by the combustion of fuel in the combustion chambers to the free air. A turbine 26 is interposed in the exhaust pipe 24. This turbine 26 is mechanically linked to the air compressor 18, all forming a turbocharger 28.

Pour traiter les différents types d'émissions polluantes, le conduit 24 d'échappement est équipé de plusieurs dispositifs de dépollution.To treat the different types of pollutant emissions, the exhaust duct 24 is equipped with several depollution devices.

Un premier dispositif de dépollution est formé par un catalyseur 30 qui est interposé dans le conduit 24 d'échappement en aval de la turbine 26. Le catalyseur 30 permet par exemple d'éliminer le monoxyde de carbone (CO) et/ou les hydrocarbures imbrûlés (HC) présents dans les gaz d'échappement. Pour traiter efficacement les gaz d'échappement, le catalyseur 30 doit être chauffé au-delà d'une température d'activation. Le catalyseur 30 est chauffé par le contact avec les gaz d'échappement chauds.A first depollution device is formed by a catalyst 30 which is interposed in the exhaust pipe 24 downstream of the turbine 26. The catalyst 30 allows for example the removal of carbon monoxide (CO) and / or unburned hydrocarbons (HC) present in the exhaust gas. To effectively treat the exhaust gas, the catalyst must be heated above an activation temperature. The catalyst is heated by contact with the hot exhaust gas.

Un deuxième dispositif de dépollution est formé par un filtre 32 à particules. Le filtre 32 à particules permet de filtrer les gaz d'échappement pour retenir des particules carbonées issues de la combustion. Le filtre 32 à particules est agencé en aval du catalyseur 30 de manière que le catalyseur 30 puisse bénéficier de la chaleur des gaz d'échappement pour son chauffage.A second depollution device is formed by a particulate filter 32. The particulate filter 32 filters the exhaust gases to retain carbonaceous particles from the combustion. The particulate filter 32 is arranged downstream of the catalyst 30 so that the catalyst 30 can benefit from the heat of the exhaust gas for its heating.

Le groupe 10 motopropulseur est en outre équipé d'un circuit 34 de recirculation des gaz d'échappement. Un tel dispositif est destiné à injecter une partie des gaz d'échappement, dits gaz d'échappement "recirculés", dans l'air d'admission. Ainsi, les chambres de combustion sont alimentées avec un mélange d'air frais et de gaz d'échappement recirculés. De manière connue, un tel procédé permet de faire baisser la quantité d'oxydes d'azotes (NOx) présents dans les gaz d'échappement.The powertrain unit is furthermore equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation circuit 34. Such a device is intended to inject a portion of the exhaust gas, called "recirculated" exhaust gas, into the intake air. Thus, the combustion chambers are fed with a mixture of fresh air and recirculated exhaust gas. In known manner, such a method makes it possible to reduce the amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) present in the exhaust gas.

Le circuit 34 de recirculation comporte une première conduite 36 de recirculation des gaz d'échappement qui raccorde le conduit 24 d'échappement avec le conduit 14 d'admission. Plus particulièrement, les gaz d'échappement recirculés sont prélevés en amont de la turbine 26, au plus près d'un orifice de sortie du moteur 12. Les gaz d'échappement recirculés sont injectés dans le conduit 14 d'admission en aval de la vanne 22 de commande du débit d'air.The recirculation circuit 34 comprises a first exhaust gas recirculation duct 36 which connects the exhaust duct 24 with the intake duct 14. More particularly, the recirculated exhaust gases are taken upstream of the turbine 26, as close as possible to an outlet orifice of the engine 12. The recirculated exhaust gases are injected into the intake duct 14 downstream of the engine. valve 22 for controlling the air flow.

Des premiers moyens de refroidissement permanent sont interposés dans cette première conduite 36 de recirculation. Ces premiers moyens de refroidissement sont destinés à refroidir les gaz d'échappement recirculés circulant dans ladite première conduite 36 de recirculation afin qu'ils présentent une température optimale pour abaisser la production d'oxydes d'azotes (NOx) durant la combustion.First permanent cooling means are interposed in this first recirculation pipe 36. These first cooling means are intended to cool the recirculated exhaust gas flowing in said first recirculation pipe 36 so that they have a temperature optimal for lowering the production of nitrogen oxides (NOx) during combustion.

Les premiers moyens de refroidissement permanents sont formés par un premier échangeur 38 de chaleur comportant un circuit de refroidissement (non représenté) dans lequel circule un fluide caloporteur de refroidissement. Une partie de la chaleur du flux de gaz d'échappement recirculés circulant dans la première conduite 36 de recirculation est ainsi transférée audit liquide caloporteur.The first permanent cooling means are formed by a first heat exchanger 38 comprising a cooling circuit (not shown) in which circulates a heat transfer fluid. Part of the heat of the recirculated exhaust stream flowing in the first recirculation pipe 36 is thus transferred to said heat transfer liquid.

Le circuit 34 de recirculation comporte aussi une deuxième conduite 40 de recirculation qui raccorde le conduit 24 d'échappement avec le conduit 14 d'admission en parallèle avec la première conduite 36 de recirculation, et plus particulièrement en parallèle avec le premier échangeur 38 de chaleur.The recirculation circuit 34 also comprises a second recirculation duct 40 which connects the exhaust duct 24 with the intake duct 14 in parallel with the first recirculation duct 36, and more particularly in parallel with the first heat exchanger 38. .

Un deuxième échangeur 42 de chaleur est interposé dans cette deuxième conduite 40 de recirculation. Il s'agit ici d'un échangeur 42 de chaleur comportant un circuit 43 de fluide de lubrification dans lequel circule un flux de fluide de lubrification du moteur 12. Pour des raisons de clarté, seule une partie du circuit 43 de fluide de lubrification a été représentée.A second heat exchanger 42 is interposed in this second recirculation pipe 40. This is a heat exchanger 42 comprising a circuit 43 for lubricating fluid in which flows a flow of lubricating fluid from the engine 12. For the sake of clarity, only part of the circuit 43 of lubricating fluid has been represented.

Le fluide de lubrification est ici formé par de l'huile. Cette huile est destinée à lubrifier les éléments mécaniques mobiles du moteur 12 tels que le vilebrequin, les bielles, les pistons, etc. Ainsi, une partie de la chaleur des gaz d'échappement recirculés présents dans la deuxième conduite 40 de recirculation est transférée au fluide de lubrification. Comme cela sera expliqué par la suite, cela permet de réduire le temps de chauffage du fluide de lubrification lors d'un démarrage à froid. Le fluide de lubrification doit en effet être chauffé au-delà d'une température optimale pour diminuer les frottements des éléments mobiles du moteur 12, et ainsi réduire la consommation de carburant.The lubricating fluid is here formed by oil. This oil is intended to lubricate the moving mechanical elements of the engine 12 such as the crankshaft, connecting rods, pistons, etc. Thus, part of the heat of the recirculated exhaust gas present in the second recirculation line 40 is transferred to the lubricating fluid. As will be explained later, this reduces the heating time of the lubricating fluid during a cold start. The lubricating fluid must indeed be heated beyond an optimum temperature to reduce the friction of the moving parts of the engine 12, and thus reduce fuel consumption.

Ce deuxième échangeur 42 de chaleur ayant pour fonction de prélever de la chaleur des gaz d'échappement recirculés forme donc un moyen de refroidissement permanent des gaz d'échappement recirculés.This second heat exchanger 42 whose function is to take heat from the recirculated exhaust gas forms therefore a means of permanently cooling the recirculated exhaust gas.

Le circuit 34 de recirculation comporte en outre une troisième conduite 44 de recirculation qui raccorde le conduit 24 d'échappement avec le conduit 14 d'admission en parallèle avec les deux premières conduites 36, 40 de recirculation. Plus particulièrement, cette troisième conduite 44 de recirculation permet de contourner simultanément le premier échangeur 38 de chaleur et le deuxième 42 échangeur de chaleur.The recirculation circuit 34 further comprises a third recirculation line 44 which connects the exhaust duct 24 with the intake duct 14 in parallel with the first two ducts 36, 40 for recirculation. More particularly, this third recirculation line 44 makes it possible to bypass simultaneously the first heat exchanger 38 and the second heat exchanger 42.

Cette troisième conduite 44 de recirculation est dénuée de moyens de refroidissement permanents, et elle est plus particulièrement dénuée d'échangeur de chaleur. Ainsi, les gaz d'échappement recirculés circulant dans cette troisième conduite 44 de recirculation ne sont pas refroidis.This third recirculation pipe 44 is devoid of permanent cooling means, and it is more particularly devoid of heat exchanger. Thus, the recirculated exhaust gas flowing in this third pipe 44 for recirculation is not cooled.

Les pertes de chaleurs normales à travers les parois de la troisième conduite 44 de recirculation sont considérées comme négligeables, mais on pourra prévoir d'isoler thermiquement la troisième conduite 44 de recirculation pour améliorer encore l'efficacité du procédé qui sera décrit par la suite.The normal heat losses through the walls of the third recirculation pipe 44 are considered negligible, but it may be provided to thermally isolate the third recirculation pipe 44 to further improve the efficiency of the process which will be described later.

Le circuit 34 de recirculation comporte aussi des moyens pour commander sélectivement le passage du flux de gaz d'échappement recirculés dans chacune des conduites 36, 40, 44 de recirculation. Ces moyens de commande sont pilotés automatiquement par une unité électronique de commande (non représentée).The recirculation circuit 34 also comprises means for selectively controlling the passage of the recirculated exhaust gas stream in each of the recirculation lines 36, 40, 44. These control means are automatically controlled by an electronic control unit (not shown).

Dans les exemples des figures 1 à 4, chacune des trois conduites 36, 40, 44 de recirculation est équipée d'une vanne 46, 48, 50 de sélection associée. Ainsi, la première conduite 36 de recirculation comporte une première vanne 46 de sélection, la deuxième conduite 40 de recirculation comporte une deuxième vanne 38 de sélection et la troisième conduite 44 de recirculation comporte une troisième vanne 50 de sélection. Il s'agit par exemple de vannes de type papillon. Chacune des vannes 46, 48, 50 de sélection, est commandée entre une position fermée dans laquelle le passage des gaz d'échappement recirculés est totalement interdit, et une position ouverte dans laquelle le flux des gaz d'échappement recirculés est autorisé à passer.In the examples of Figures 1 to 4 each of the three recirculation lines 36, 40, 44 is equipped with an associated selection valve 46, 48, 50. Thus, the first recirculation line 36 comprises a first selection valve 46, the second recirculation line 40 comprises a second selection valve 38 and the third recirculation line 44 comprises a third selection valve 50. This is for example butterfly type valves. Each of the valves 46, 48, 50 of selection, is controlled between a closed position in which the passage of recirculated exhaust gas is totally prohibited, and an open position in which the flow of recirculated exhaust gas is allowed to pass.

En variante, les vannes de sélection sont remplacées par une unique vanne quatre voies qui permet de commander le passage des gaz d'échappement recirculés sélectivement vers l'une des trois conduites de recirculation.In a variant, the selection valves are replaced by a single four-way valve which makes it possible to control the passage of the recirculated exhaust gases selectively towards one of the three recirculation ducts.

En outre, le débit du flux de gaz d'échappement recirculés est commandé entre un débit nul et un débit maximal par une vanne de commande, dite vanne 52 EGR. Cette vanne 52 EGR est agencée dans le circuit 34 de recirculation, en aval d'une jonction des trois conduites 36, 40, 44 de recirculation, et en amont du raccordement du circuit 34 de recirculation avec le conduit 14 d'admission. Il s'agit par exemple d'une vanne de type papillon.In addition, the flow rate of the recirculated exhaust stream is controlled between a zero flow and a maximum flow rate by a control valve, called valve 52 EGR. This valve 52 EGR is arranged in the recirculation circuit 34, downstream of a junction of three recirculation lines 36, 40, 44, and upstream of the connection of the recirculation circuit 34 with the inlet duct 14. This is for example a butterfly type valve.

Un mode de réalisation de l'invention a été représenté aux figures 5 à 8. La seule différence entre le groupe 10 motopropulseur réalisé selon ce deuxième mode de réalisation par rapport aux exemples décrits ci-dessus réside dans l'échangeur de chaleur qui est interposé dans la deuxième conduite 40 de recirculation. Pour les parties communes entre ce mode de réalisation et les exemples décrits ci-dessus, on se reportera à la description des exemples.One embodiment of the invention has been shown to Figures 5 to 8 . The only difference between the powertrain produced according to this second embodiment with respect to the examples described above resides in the heat exchanger which is interposed in the second recirculation pipe 40. For the common parts between this embodiment and the examples described above, reference will be made to the description of the examples.

Ainsi, l'échangeur 42 de chaleur des exemples est remplacé par un échangeur 54 de chaleur qui comporte, en plus du circuit 43 de fluide de lubrification, un circuit 56 de refroidissement du fluide de lubrification.Thus, the heat exchanger 42 of the examples is replaced by a heat exchanger 54 which comprises, in addition to the circuit 43 of lubricating fluid, a circuit 56 for cooling the lubricating fluid.

Le circuit 56 de refroidissement du fluide de lubrification est indépendant du circuit de refroidissement du premier échangeur 38 de chaleur. En effet, la température optimale des gaz d'échappement recirculés est différente de la température optimale du fluide de lubrification, ces deux températures doivent donc pouvoir être régulées indépendamment.The circuit 56 for cooling the lubricating fluid is independent of the cooling circuit of the first heat exchanger 38. Indeed, the optimum temperature of the recirculated exhaust gas is different from the optimum temperature of the lubricating fluid, these two temperatures must therefore be independently controllable.

L'échangeur 54 de chaleur permet ainsi de transférer simultanément la chaleur des gaz d'échappement recirculés vers le fluide de lubrification et vers le fluide de refroidissement. L'échangeur 54 de chaleur permet aussi de transférer la chaleur du fluide de lubrification vers le fluide de refroidissement, notamment lorsque le fluide de lubrification a atteint sa température optimale et qu'aucun flux de gaz d'échappement recirculés ne circule dans la deuxième conduite 40 de recirculation.The heat exchanger 54 thus makes it possible simultaneously to transfer the heat of the recirculated exhaust gas to the lubricating fluid and to the cooling fluid. The heat exchanger 54 also makes it possible to transfer the heat from the lubricating fluid to the cooling fluid, in particular when the lubricating fluid has reached its optimum temperature and that no recirculated exhaust gas flows through the second pipe. 40 recirculation.

Avantageusement, l'échangeur 54 de chaleur ainsi équipé du circuit 56 de refroidissement permet de remplacer un refroidisseur de fluide de lubrification qui est traditionnellement agencé dans le circuit de fluide de lubrification pour maintenir le fluide de lubrification à une température optimale de fonctionnement.Advantageously, the heat exchanger 54 thus equipped with the cooling circuit 56 makes it possible to replace a lubricating fluid cooler which is traditionally arranged in the lubrication fluid circuit in order to maintain the lubricating fluid at an optimum operating temperature.

On décrit à présent un premier procédé de mise en oeuvre du groupe 10 motopropulseur qui est applicable aux deux modes de réalisation décrits précédemment. Ce procédé est mis en oeuvre lors du démarrage du véhicule. Tout au long de ce procédé, la vanne 52 EGR est dans une position ouverte pour permettre la recirculation des gaz d'échappement.We now describe a first implementation method of the powertrain group which is applicable to the two embodiments described above. This method is implemented when the vehicle is started. Throughout this process, the valve 52 EGR is in an open position to allow recirculation of the exhaust gas.

Lors d'une première étape "E1" de chauffage du moteur 12 qui est illustrée à la figure 1 (exemple non couvert par l'invention) et à la figure 5, le circuit 34 de recirculation est commandé de manière à faire recirculer un flux de gaz d'échappement uniquement via la troisième conduite 44 de recirculation. A cet effet, les première et deuxième vannes 46 et 48 de sélection sont commandées en position fermée tandis que la troisième vanne 50 de sélection est commandée en position ouverte.During a first step "E1" for heating the motor 12 which is illustrated in FIG. figure 1 (example not covered by the invention) and figure 5 , the recirculation circuit 34 is controlled so as to recirculate an exhaust gas flow only via the third pipe 44 recirculation. For this purpose, the first and second selection valves 46 and 48 are controlled in the closed position while the third selection valve 50 is controlled in the open position.

Ainsi, les gaz d'échappement recirculés ne sont pas refroidis avant d'être injectés dans le conduit 14 d'admission. Ceci permet d'augmenter rapidement la température du moteur afin d'amorcer plus rapidement le post traitement des gaz d'échappement.Thus, the recirculated exhaust gas is not cooled before being injected into the intake duct 14. This allows the engine temperature to be increased quickly in order to start the aftertreatment of the exhaust gases more quickly.

De plus, lors d'un démarrage à froid, les gaz d'échappement sont encore relativement froids par rapport au fonctionnement "à chaud" du moteur 12. Dans ce contexte, l'absence de refroidissement des gaz d'échappement recirculés ne provoque pas une production hors normes d'oxydes d'azotes (NOx).In addition, during a cold start, the exhaust gas is still relatively cold compared to the "hot" operation of the engine 12. In this context, the lack of cooling of the recirculated exhaust gas does not cause an exceptional production of nitrogen oxides (NOx).

Cette première étape "E1" de chauffage est utile uniquement lorsque la température du moteur 12 est inférieure à une température déterminée de démarrage à froid. Ainsi, la première étape "E1" est déclenchée lorsque la température du moteur 12 est inférieure à ladite température déterminée. Lorsque le moteur 12 présente une température supérieure à ladite température déterminée, par exemple lors d'un redémarrage après un court temps d'arrêt, le procédé commence directement à la deuxième étape "E2".This first step "E1" of heating is useful only when the temperature of the motor 12 is lower than a predetermined temperature of cold start. Thus, the first step "E1" is triggered when the temperature of the motor 12 is lower than said determined temperature. When the motor 12 has a temperature higher than said determined temperature, for example during a restart after a short downtime, the process starts directly at the second step "E2".

Pour déterminer la température du moteur 12, on pourra par exemple agencer un capteur pour mesurer la température d'un élément métallique du moteur 12, ou encore pour mesurer la température d'un fluide de refroidissement du moteur. En variante, la température du moteur 12 est estimée en fonction du temps d'arrêt du moteur et éventuellement en fonction de la température de l'air ambiant.In order to determine the temperature of the motor 12, it will be possible, for example, to arrange a sensor for measuring the temperature of a metal element of the motor 12, or else to measure the temperature of an engine cooling fluid. In a variant, the temperature of the engine 12 is estimated as a function of the engine stopping time and possibly as a function of the ambient air temperature.

Lorsque la température du moteur 12 est supérieure à ladite température déterminée, une deuxième étape "E2" de chauffage du fluide de lubrification est déclenchée.When the temperature of the motor 12 is higher than said determined temperature, a second step "E2" for heating the lubricating fluid is triggered.

Comme illustrée à la figure 2 (exemple non couverte par l'invention) et à la figure 6, cette deuxième étape "E2" de chauffage du fluide de lubrification consiste à admettre des gaz d'échappement recirculés dans le deuxième échangeur 42, 54 de chaleur. A cet effet, dans ce premier procédé, le circuit 34 de recirculation est commandé pour que le flux de gaz d'échappement recirculés circule uniquement dans la deuxième conduite 40 de recirculation. Plus particulièrement, les première et troisième vannes 46 et 50 de sélection sont commandées en position fermée tandis que la deuxième vanne 48 de sélection est commandée en position ouverte.As illustrated in figure 2 (example not covered by the invention) and figure 6 this second step "E2" for heating the lubricating fluid consists in admitting recirculated exhaust gas into the second heat exchanger 42, 54. For this purpose, in this first method, the recirculation circuit 34 is controlled so that the flow of recirculated exhaust gas circulates only in the second recirculation pipe 40. More particularly, the first and third selection valves 46 and 50 are controlled in the closed position while the second selection valve 48 is controlled in the open position.

Cette deuxième étape "E2" permet de profiter de la chaleur des gaz d'échappement recirculés pour réchauffer le fluide de lubrification. Ceci permet d'accélérer la montée en température du fluide de lubrification jusqu'à sa température optimale.This second step "E2" makes it possible to take advantage of the heat of the recirculated exhaust gases to heat the lubricating fluid. This accelerates the rise in temperature of the lubricating fluid to its optimum temperature.

Dans le cadre du mode de réalisation de l'invention représentée à la figure 7, cette deuxième étape "E2" permet aussi de profiter de la chaleur des gaz d'échappement recirculés pour accélérer la montée en température du fluide de refroidissement jusqu'à une température optimale de refroidissement du fluide de lubrification.In the context of the embodiment of the invention shown in figure 7 this second step "E2" also makes it possible to take advantage of the heat of the recirculated exhaust gas to accelerate the rise in temperature of the cooling fluid to an optimum cooling temperature of the lubricating fluid.

Après un certain temps de fonctionnement du moteur 12, les gaz d'échappement deviennent trop chauds pour pouvoir être recirculés sans refroidissement. La combustion du carburant dans les chambres de combustion du moteur 12 risque alors de produire une quantité d'oxydes d'azotes (NOx) supérieure aux normes en vigueur. Il devient alors nécessaire d'enclencher une troisième étape "E3" de refroidissement des gaz d'échappement recirculés qui consiste à faire recirculer les gaz d'échappement uniquement via la première conduite 36 de recirculation, comme cela est représenté aux figures 3 et 7. Les gaz d'échappement recirculés sont ainsi refroidis de manière optimale par le premier échangeur 38 de chaleur.After a period of operation of the engine 12, the exhaust gas becomes too hot to be recirculated without cooling. Combustion of the fuel in the combustion chambers of the engine 12 may then produce an amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) higher than the standards in force. It then becomes necessary to engage a third step "E3" for cooling the recirculated exhaust gas, which consists of recirculating the exhaust gases only via the first recirculation pipe 36, as shown in FIGS. figures 3 and 7 . The recirculated exhaust gas is thus optimally cooled by the first heat exchanger 38.

Cette troisième étape "E3" est par exemple déclenchée lorsque la température des gaz d'échappement dépasse un seuil déterminé, ou encore lorsque le moteur 12 fonctionne depuis un temps déterminé.This third step "E3" is for example triggered when the temperature of the exhaust gas exceeds a determined threshold, or when the engine 12 operates for a predetermined time.

Pour éviter que les gaz d'échappement ne soient trop chargés en oxydes d'azotes (NOx), cette troisième étape "E3" est susceptible d'être déclenchée avant que le fluide de lubrification n'ait atteint sa température optimale.In order to prevent the exhaust gas from being excessively charged with nitrogen oxides (NOx), this third step "E3" can be triggered before the lubricating fluid has reached its optimum temperature.

Pour réaliser cette troisième étape "E3" de refroidissement, les deuxième et troisième vannes 48 et 50 de sélection sont commandées en position fermée tandis que la première vanne 46 de sélection est commandée en position ouverte.To perform this third cooling step "E3", the second and third selection valves 48 and 50 are controlled in the closed position while the first selection valve 46 is controlled in the open position.

A partir de cette troisième étape "E3", le débit des gaz d'échappement recirculés est commandé conformément à des lois de commande déjà connues de l'homme du métier.From this third step "E3", the flow rate of the recirculated exhaust gas is controlled according to control laws already known to those skilled in the art.

On décrit à présent un deuxième procédé de démarrage à froid qui est une variante du premier procédé décrit précédemment. La première étape "E1" de chauffage du moteur 12 et la troisième étape "E3" de refroidissement des gaz d'échappement recirculés sont identiques à ce qui a été décrit précédemment. Seules les différences seront décrites par la suite.We now describe a second cold start method which is a variant of the first method described above. The first stage "E1" for heating the engine 12 and the third stage "E3" for cooling the recirculated exhaust gas are identical to what has been described previously. Only the differences will be described later.

On a représenté à la figure 4 (configuration non couverte par l'invention) et à la figure 8 une variante de réalisation de la deuxième étape "E2" de chauffage du fluide de lubrification.We have shown figure 4 (configuration not covered by the invention) and the figure 8 an alternative embodiment of the second step "E2" for heating the lubricating fluid.

Ainsi, lors de la deuxième étape "E2", des gaz d'échappement recirculés sont, dans un premier temps, admis dans la deuxième conduite 40 de recirculation. A cet effet, comme dans le premier procédé, les première et troisième vannes 46 et 50 de sélection sont commandées en position fermée tandis que la deuxième vanne 48 de sélection est commandée en position ouverte.Thus, during the second step "E2", recirculated exhaust gas is initially admitted into the second recirculation pipe 40. For this purpose, as in the first method, the first and third selection valves 46 and 50 are controlled in the closed position while the second selection valve 48 is controlled in the open position.

Cependant, à la différence du premier procédé, le flux de gaz d'échappement recirculés est interrompu dès que la deuxième conduite 40 de recirculation est remplie de gaz d'échappement recirculés chauds. La deuxième vanne 48 de sélection est ainsi fermée pour piéger les gaz d'échappement chauds dans la deuxième conduite 40 de recirculation, et plus particulièrement dans le deuxième échangeur 42, 54 de chaleur.However, unlike the first method, the recirculated exhaust stream is interrupted as soon as the second recirculation pipe 40 is filled with hot recirculated exhaust gas. The second selection valve 48 is thus closed in order to trap the hot exhaust gases in the second recirculation pipe 40, and more particularly in the second heat exchanger 42, 54.

Pendant que la deuxième vanne 48 de sélection est fermée, la troisième vanne 50 de sélection est à nouveau ouverte pour réitérer la première étape "E1".While the second selection valve 48 is closed, the third selection valve 50 is opened again to repeat the first step "E1".

Ainsi, le flux de gaz d'échappement est recirculé uniquement dans la troisième conduite 44 de recirculation pour participer au réchauffement du moteur 12 tandis que les gaz d'échappement stagnants piégés dans la deuxième conduite 40 de recirculation réchauffent le fluide de lubrification via l'échangeur 42, 54 de chaleur.Thus, the flow of exhaust gas is recirculated only in the third recirculation pipe 44 to participate in the heating of the engine 12 while the stagnant exhaust gas trapped in the second recirculation pipe 40 warms the lubricating fluid via the exchanger 42, 54 of heat.

Tant que la température des gaz d'échappement est inférieure au seuil déterminé, la deuxième étape "E2" est régulièrement réitérée afin de remplacer les gaz d'échappement refroidis après avoir transféré leur chaleur au fluide de lubrification par des gaz d'échappement recirculés chauds.As long as the exhaust gas temperature is below the determined threshold, the second stage "E2" is regularly repeated in order to replace the cooled exhaust gases after transferring their heat to the lubricating fluid by hot recirculated exhaust gases. .

Ce deuxième procédé permet avantageusement de continuer à réchauffer le moteur tout en réchauffant le fluide de lubrification.This second method advantageously makes it possible to continue heating the engine while heating the lubricating fluid.

Le groupe 10 motopropulseur réalisé selon le mode de réalisation permet avantageusement de réchauffer rapidement le moteur 12, puis de réchauffer le fluide de lubrification pendant une période de montée en température des gaz d'échappement lors d'un démarrage à froid.The powertrain group produced according to the embodiment advantageously allows the engine 12 to be warmed up rapidly and then to heat the lubricating fluid during a period of temperature rise of the exhaust gases during a cold start.

Le chauffage rapide du moteur 12 présente l'avantage de permettre une montée en température plus rapide des gaz d'échappement. Ceci permet notamment une activation anticipée du catalyseur qui atteint sa température d'activation plus rapidement.The rapid heating of the engine 12 has the advantage of allowing a faster temperature rise of the exhaust gas. This allows in particular an early activation of the catalyst which reaches its activation temperature more rapidly.

Claims (6)

  1. Motor vehicle powertrain (10) comprising an internal combustion engine (12) which comprises an air intake pipe (14) and a pipe (24) for exhausting the exhaust gases, the powertrain (10) comprising an exhaust gas recirculation circuit (34) comprising:
    - a first exhaust gas recirculation pipe (36) which connects the exhaust pipe (24) with the intake pipe (14) and in which a first heat exchanger (38) for cooling the recirculated exhaust gases is interposed;
    - a second recirculation pipe (40) which connects the exhaust pipe (24) with the intake pipe (14) in parallel with the first heat exchanger (38) and in which a second exchanger (54) that exchanges heat between a flow of engine lubricating fluid and the recirculated exhaust gases is interposed;
    - a third recirculation pipe (44) which connects the exhaust pipe (24) with the intake pipe (14) in parallel with the first heat exchanger (38) and in parallel with the second heat exchanger (54);
    characterized in that the second heat exchanger (54) also allows exchanges of heat between a heat-transfer cooling fluid and the lubricating fluid and in that it comprises means (46, 48, 50) for selectively commanding the flow of recirculated exhaust gases to pass through each of the recirculation pipes (36, 40, 44).
  2. Powertrain (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the third recirculation pipe (44) has no heat exchanger.
  3. Method for operating the powertrain produced according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a first step (E1) of heating the engine (12) which consists in causing a flow of exhaust gas to be recirculated only via the third recirculation pipe (44), a second step (E2) of heating the lubricating fluid, which consists in admitting exhaust gases to the second heat exchanger (54), during the second step (E2) exhaust gases are, in a first phase, admitted into and then trapped in the second heat exchanger (54) and then, in a second phase, the flow of exhaust gas is recirculated only in the third recirculation pipe (44) to contribute to warming the engine (12) while the exhaust gases trapped in the second heat exchanger (54) warm the lubricating fluid.
  4. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the first step (E1) is triggered when the temperature of the engine (12) is below a determined temperature.
  5. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the second step (E2) of heating the lubricating fluid is triggered when the temperature of the engine (12) is above a determined temperature.
  6. Method according to either one of Claims 3 and 5, characterized in that during the second step (E2), a flow of exhaust gas circulates only through the second recirculation pipe (40).
EP16188478.8A 2015-09-14 2016-09-13 Powertrain comprising a non-cooled exhaust-gas recirculation line and associated method Active EP3141733B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR1570037A FR3041038A1 (en) 2015-09-14 2015-09-14 POWER UNIT COMPRISING A NON-COOLED AND PRECEDED EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION DRIVE

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EP3141733A1 EP3141733A1 (en) 2017-03-15
EP3141733B1 true EP3141733B1 (en) 2019-05-29

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CN113279883B (en) * 2021-06-30 2022-08-05 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 High EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) rate exhaust gas recirculation system and control method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110094483A1 (en) * 2009-10-28 2011-04-28 Hyundai Motor Company Exhaust gas recirculation apparatus

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JP2005337141A (en) * 2004-05-27 2005-12-08 Toyota Motor Corp Exhaust gas recirculation device
GB2480824B (en) * 2010-06-01 2014-11-12 Gm Global Tech Operations Inc Internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas recirculation system having a bypass conduit
KR101583889B1 (en) * 2013-12-20 2016-01-21 현대자동차주식회사 Oil temperature control apparatus and control method thereof

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110094483A1 (en) * 2009-10-28 2011-04-28 Hyundai Motor Company Exhaust gas recirculation apparatus

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FR3041038A1 (en) 2017-03-17

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