EP3109459B1 - Rotation piston combustion motor - Google Patents
Rotation piston combustion motor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3109459B1 EP3109459B1 EP15173423.3A EP15173423A EP3109459B1 EP 3109459 B1 EP3109459 B1 EP 3109459B1 EP 15173423 A EP15173423 A EP 15173423A EP 3109459 B1 EP3109459 B1 EP 3109459B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- combustion chamber
- microwave
- microwaves
- wall
- rotating piston
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P23/00—Other ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B55/00—Internal-combustion aspects of rotary pistons; Outer members for co-operation with rotary pistons
- F02B55/14—Shapes or constructions of combustion chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P23/00—Other ignition
- F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
- F02P23/045—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays using electromagnetic microwaves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B53/00—Internal-combustion aspects of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines
- F02B53/12—Ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P15/00—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits
- F02P15/001—Ignition installations adapted to specific engine types
- F02P15/005—Layout of ignition circuits for rotary- or oscillating piston engines
Definitions
- the invention relates to a rotary piston internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such motors are well known.
- the best-known embodiment is known under the name Wankel engine. From the DE 103 56 916 A1 It is known to generate space ignition in an internal combustion engine in a combustion chamber by means of microwave energy in order to better ignite and burn the combustion of the fuel introduced via a fuel-air mixture.
- fuel is used in general, regardless of whether it is diesel, gasoline, hydrogen or another fuel suitable for operation.
- fuel-gas mixtures are introduced into the combustion chamber.
- an ignitable gasoline fuel-air mixture is compressed in the working chamber in a combustion chamber and caused to react / oxidize by a spark plug.
- the spark plug forms a recess in the surface of the working chamber, so that this surface, which acts as a running surface for the edges of the rotary piston, has an unevenness which leads to a loss of compression.
- the ignition causes the chemical oxidation to spread spherically from the location of the ignition in the form of a pressure and reaction front (laminar combustion chamber phase) in the elongated and flat combustion chamber and causes laminar combustion, which also leads to a loss of compression.
- laminar combustion chamber phase laminar combustion chamber phase
- DE 103 56 916 B3 discloses a method for igniting the combustion of a fuel in a combustion chamber of an engine by coupling microwave radiation generated in a microwave source outside the combustion chamber into the combustion chamber, whereby the energy input into the fuel in the combustion chamber distributes the combustion over a large volume in the combustion chamber and ignites it essentially simultaneously as well as an associated ignition device and an associated motor.
- U.S. 5,845,480 A describes an ignition device for an internal combustion engine, consisting of a microwave energy source located outside the combustion chamber, which emits microwave energy into the combustion chamber, and an infrared laser energy source located outside the combustion chamber, which emits laser energy into the combustion chamber so that a plasma is generated in the combustion chamber, which the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber ignites.
- the plasma is preferably a contactless plasma, which is generated in the free space within the combustion chamber, spatially separated from the combustion chamber wall structure, and is arranged spatially separated from the microwave transmitter.
- the Microwave energy is emitted at a frequency within the resonance response of the combustion chamber.
- a device for igniting fuels in an internal combustion engine which atomizes the fuel and introduces it into the combustion chamber by spraying, in order to be ionized and burned there by means of electromagnetic radiation generated outside the combustion chamber and connected by means of an emitter.
- a magnetic field is created in the combustion chamber to improve the ionization of the fuel in the combustion chamber.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of achieving an improved ignition of the fuel in the combustion chamber and an improvement in the efficiency.
- At least one microwave window is arranged in the combustion chamber wall, on whose side facing away from the combustion chamber there is a device for coupling microwave energy in the form of microwaves into the combustion chamber of the working chamber.
- a microwave window is understood to mean an area which is closed off from the outside and which is microwave-permeable.
- the combustion chamber wall as part of the housing wall thus also serves as a running surface in the area of the combustion chamber.
- a device for coupling in microwave energy is located on the side of the microwave window facing away from the combustion chamber.
- the device for coupling in microwave energy can either comprise at least one microwave spark plug in a bore in the combustion chamber wall, which can be connected to a microwave pulse generator via a microwave waveguide, or a microwave pulse generator attached directly to the housing.
- microwave energy By coupling in microwave energy, it is possible to ignite the fuel in the combustion chamber.
- the local ignition is replaced by a room ignition or by a boundary layer ignition, the fuel being excited as homogeneously as possible over the entire volume of the combustion chamber before ignition, which takes place through an absorption of the microwave energy by the fuel particles distributed over the combustion chamber.
- the absorption capacity of microwaves described by a material parameter tan ⁇ (t) and the associated penetration depth, play an important role.
- the microwave energy is concentrated in a sufficient amount at as many points as possible in the combustion chamber in order to generate a room ignition in the combustion chamber there through a large number of ignition nuclei.
- as little microwave energy as possible should be reflected back to a microwave source. The lower the reflection, the greater the absorption and thus the energy consumption of the fuel particles for a space ignition.
- the combustion chamber wall is at least partially made of a microwave-permeable material that is particularly suitable for this, such as ceramic or sapphire glass.
- a microwave-permeable material that is particularly suitable for this, such as ceramic or sapphire glass.
- This can in particular also be a ceramic material, preferably with a purity of> 99%, or another solid material that is permeable to microwaves. This can be done in such a way that the combustion chamber wall either has individual areas made of this material or consists of the entire material and areas are formed therein by additional measures which allow the microwave energy to pass through and thus form the respective microwave window.
- Uneven local geometric metallic structures are arranged in the combustion chamber wall which, depending on the configuration, deflect microwaves reflected from the combustion chamber back into the combustion chamber in a concentrated or scattered manner.
- These local structures can either have a curved, uniform configuration, such as, for example, harmonic oscillation curves, for example a sinus curve, or an angular configuration. It is also possible to form the structures by bodies in the form of balls or the like. With these structures, a reflection or scattering of microwaves can be achieved in a targeted manner, so that in areas of the combustion chamber in which ignition of the fuel would normally not take place, the fuel can be regenerated and ignited by local field increases.
- At least the combustion chamber wall is arranged without changing the running surface in the housing wall forming the working chamber without a recess, as in conventional engines.
- This can be done in such a way that either only the combustion chamber wall is integrated into the housing wall or on the entire wall
- the uneven local geometric structures are expediently designed in the form of particles introduced into the combustion chamber wall or as a metal powder layer.
- ceramic material for example, this is applied to a pressed and pre-sintered carrier layer (green compact), whereby the unevenness can already be present or are only produced by known suitable shaping processes such as rolling, milling, etc. at this stage.
- the surface prepared in this way can now be metallically vapor-deposited, doped with metal powder or treated in another known suitable manner in order to provide it with a metallic layer. Holes can then be created using a laser, etching or another common method, which then allow the passage of microwaves and serve as a microwave window. Then another layer that is microwave-permeable and made of a ceramic material or sapphire glass is applied.
- a finished insert that can be introduced into the housing wall or also the piston wall can preferably be produced in this way, which insert can be secured against rotation by means of a form fit.
- the combustion chamber wall is provided with a metallic layer extending in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber wall on the side facing away from the combustion chamber or inside the combustion chamber wall and having at least one opening for the passage of microwaves.
- the metallic layer can be vapor-deposited on the outside, with corresponding openings being etched out depending on the application.
- a metallic layer extending in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber wall is arranged, which has at least one opening for the passage of microwaves, similar to described above in connection with the local metallic structures.
- this wall can be inserted, sprinkled, vapor-deposited and also sintered and fired.
- the microwaves After being coupled into the combustion chamber, the microwaves are reflected by the metallic rotary piston and hit the metallic housing of the engine through the ceramic material of the combustion chamber wall and are thrown back towards the combustion chamber from there. Since the ceramic material also dampens the microwave, the metallic layers additionally introduced into the ceramic material can serve as a reflective surface that shortens the path through the ceramic material for the microwaves. Of course, these metallic surfaces have openings where the microwaves are coupled in.
- the device for coupling in the microwaves has at least one microwave pulse generator attached to the housing, via which the microwaves are coupled into the combustion chamber.
- a microwave pulse generator is in the EP 15170029.1 described.
- the at least one attached microwave pulse generator is either located exactly at the respective location of the microwave window or it is distributed by means of a channel acting as a microwave waveguide in the housing wall.
- the at least one microwave pulse generator is preferably attached in the axial direction so that the microwaves are introduced into the housing wall laterally, preferably parallel to a housing longitudinal axis.
- the microwaves after being introduced into the housing wall of the first rotary piston internal combustion engine can also be coupled into the housing wall of the following rotary piston internal combustion engines are passed on to the respective combustion chamber.
- At least one microwave channel running in the housing wall is expediently arranged, which is connected to at least one microwave window.
- This microwave channel can be incorporated into the housing wall afterwards, e.g. by milling or other suitable measures, or even before the final sintering in a ceramic layer of the combustion chamber wall.
- the surface of the at least one microwave channel can additionally be provided with a metallic layer, the metallic layer being interrupted at the points at which microwaves emerge from the microwave channel. In this way, the microwave energy can be brought into the combustion chamber in a targeted manner, since the microwaves oscillating in the microwave channel and reflected by the walls can exit through the at least one opening.
- the microwave channel also has branches where appropriate.
- the microwave channel can also be formed simply by the microwave-permeable material of the combustion chamber wall, the metallic housing wall forming a reflective side of the microwave channel.
- a metallic reflective layer can be applied in or onto the microwave-permeable material.
- at least one such microwave channels can be located one behind the other. Since in such a case the ignition takes place at different times in the individual combustion chambers, the microwaves are then passed through all openings or microwave channels, but only generate ignition in the combustion chamber in which the fuel is in the corresponding ignitable state.
- the device for coupling in the microwaves is a microwave spark plug according to the patent application EP 15157298.9 on, which is arranged in at least one bore in the combustion chamber wall. The end of this meets the microwave-permeable combustion chamber wall, which forms the microwave window for this microwave spark plug.
- the rotary piston usually consists of a metallic material, this already forms a reflective layer for the microwaves with its surface.
- a reflective layer made of a material that is permeable to microwave energy and suitable for the combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber, in particular ceramic or sapphire glass, is at least partially arranged on the rotary piston, in which uneven local geometric metallic structures are arranged Depending on the configuration, microwaves striking the rotary piston are reflected back into the combustion chamber in a concentrated or scattered manner.
- the geometric metallic structures can be produced without passage points for microwaves.
- the uneven local geometric structures are therefore expediently designed in the form of particles introduced into the reflective layer or as a metal powder layer. The concentration or scattering of the microwaves in the combustion chamber can thus be controlled in a targeted manner.
- the combustion chamber wall and / or reflective layer are at least partially designed as a prefabricated sintered insert that can be inserted into the housing wall or the piston wall. This can be done in such a way that either only the combustion chamber wall is introduced into the housing wall or the housing wall is clad with a wall layer enclosing the entire working chamber.
- the (metallic) rotary piston which can also be completely surrounded by such a wall layer. This simplifies the production of rotary piston internal combustion engines designed in this way.
- the device for coupling in the microwaves has a microwave generator which generates microwaves with a frequency of 25 GHz to 95 GHz, preferably 30 to 75 GHz, and which controls the time, frequency, amplitude and Has type of coupling of the microwaves.
- the type of coupling is understood to mean whether the coupling is via individual pulses or as pulse packets or other possible required variants of the control of the microwaves.
- the device for coupling in the microwaves can preferably have a microwave generator which introduces the microwaves in pulse packets and preferably maintains them even after a fuel has already been ignited. In this way, in addition to ignition, the combustion of the fuel is optimized and the combustion of the fuel is also stimulated after ignition.
- a particular advantage of the engine is that the microwaves can be introduced in an angle-controlled manner with respect to a crankshaft, so that the ignition can be precisely controlled.
- the known disadvantages of loss of compression due to the running surface that has no unevenness and the space ignition of the individual fuel particles are avoided. It is possible to provide any required ignition energy at any point and to produce uniform combustion in the entire combustion chamber by selecting the number of microwave windows and the corresponding parameters for the supply of microwaves. Basically, all design options for the tread are possible. A working chamber with a circular cross section is also possible. Furthermore, through the selection of the material and the design of the housing, the motor can be designed depending on the application, in particular if a sintered material such as a ceramic material is used.
- the engine according to the invention also allows precise control of the start of a space ignition of a fuel in a combustion chamber, so that an optimal low-pollutant combustion of the fuel with an increased efficiency compared to conventional rotary piston internal combustion engines is achieved.
- the invention enables the reliable ignition of lean fuel-air / gas mixtures, which makes additional enrichment for ignition unnecessary and leads to lower fuel consumption. Pollutants and their formation can be regulated by the combustion temperature and the mixing ratio of air and fuel.
- the combustion according to the invention takes place faster than with conventional ignitions. This results in a "colder" combustion, so that the efficiency increases.
- lower pollutant emissions can in principle be achieved with colder combustion processes.
- the colder combustion reduces the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the fuel exhaust gases. Due to the room ignition, the burning process is significantly less dependent on the burning progress in the form of diffusion flames in contrast to conventional combustion. This avoids further heat losses and increases efficiency.
- a heating phase of the combustion chamber and the air in the oxidation area is significantly less with this
- FIG. 10 shows the attachment of a microwave spark plug 18 in place of the microwave pulse generator 10 in FIG Figure 1 .
- the description of the motor 1 with a housing 2 and the arrangements located therein also applies to the embodiments in FIG Figures 1 , 2 and 3 to. This also applies to the details X in the figures, which are only in the Figures 1c, 1d and 1 e are shown.
- the engine 1 has a housing wall 3 with a wall layer 22 which encloses a working chamber 5 in which a rotary piston 6 about an axis of rotation 7 is rotatably mounted.
- the edge 17 of the rotary piston 6 moves along the wall layer 22 of the housing wall 3.
- the part of the working chamber 5 in which there is a fuel compressed by the rotation of the rotary piston 6 is called the combustion chamber 9 and the area of the wall layer 22 assigned to the combustion chamber 9 is referred to as combustion chamber wall 4.
- At least the combustion chamber wall 4 is made of a microwave-permeable material, namely ceramic. In the exemplary embodiment, however, not only the combustion chamber wall 4 but the entire area of the housing wall 3 surrounding the working chamber 5 is produced with a wall layer 22 made of a ceramic material.
- the wall layer 22 is formed from inserts.
- the rotary piston 6 also has a reflective layer 8 made of ceramic material.
- the microwave pulse generator 10 is arranged obliquely to the housing 2 and is essentially at the point at which it strikes the combustion chamber wall 4, perpendicular to the latter.
- the microwave pulse generator 10 can be screwed into the housing 2 or fastened to the housing 2 with a bayonet lock.
- the microwave pulse generator 10 is the subject of the parallel patent application EP 15170029.1 and has a suitable control device for controlling the microwaves.
- the region 4 ′ in the combustion chamber wall 4 which adjoins the microwave pulse generator 10 represents the microwave window through which the microwaves emerging from the microwave pulse generator 10 are coupled into the combustion chamber 9.
- microwaves are reflected by metal, so that the microwaves coupled into the combustion chamber 9 are located in the entire combustion chamber 9 and can energize the fuel located therein in the entire combustion chamber 9 and cause it to ignite. Since both the rotary piston 6 and the housing 2 are usually made of metal, the microwaves coupled into the combustion chamber 9 are reflected back and forth between the rotary piston 6 and the housing 2. If the walls forming the combustion chamber 9 are made of a microwave-permeable material, as in the exemplary embodiment the combustion chamber wall 4 or the reflective layer 8 are formed on the metallic housing 2 or a metallic core 14 of the rotary piston 6, the microwaves are somewhat attenuated, but still held in the combustion chamber 9.
- a microwave-impermeable metallic layer 11 can be arranged either in the combustion chamber wall 4 and / or in the reflective layer 8, which was specially designed during the manufacture of the combustion chamber wall 4 or the reflective layer 8 in order to direct the reflections of the microwaves or to guide the path through them to shorten the combustion chamber wall until it is reflected.
- a targeted scattering or concentration during the reflection for example in the combustion chamber regions 9 ′ or 9 ′′, a wave-shaped metal layer 11 according to FIG Figure 1c or a structured non-uniform metal layer 11 according to FIG Figure 1d be incorporated. Where no targeted scattering or concentration is desired, the metal layer 11 is flat or adapted to the curvature of the wall layer 22.
- the motor has a narrow housing 2 in which the working chamber 5 with the schematically indicated rotary piston 6 is located.
- One advantage of such rotary piston internal combustion engines 1 is that a multiplicity of such disk-shaped rotary piston internal combustion engines arranged next to one another act at different times on a common drive shaft (not shown).
- the microwave pulse generator 10 as shown in FIG Figure 2 shown to arrange. This enables the coupled-in microwaves to all housings 2 of the side by side through appropriately designed channels arranged motors to distribute.
- the microwave pulse generator 10 is arranged in such a way that it couples the microwaves into the microwave-permeable combustion chamber edge 4.
- the combustion chamber wall 4 forms the channel that conducts the microwaves, in which one wall of the channel passes through the metallic housing wall 3 and the other opposite wall through a metallic layer applied to the combustion chamber wall 4 or introduced into the combustion chamber wall 4 with an opening for the passage of the microwaves can be formed (not shown). Without this layer, the entire surface pointing in the direction of the combustion chamber 4 already represents the microwave window 4 ', via which the microwaves are coupled into the combustion chamber 4 (corresponding to as in FIG Figure 4 shown). At the side, additional metallic surfaces 15 can also be introduced into the combustion chamber wall 4 ( Figure 4 ).
- Figure 2a shows the metallic housing wall 3, the microwave pulse generator 10 being passed through an opening 16 in the side wall 3 ′′.
- the metallic opposite wall 3 'of the housing 2 is closed. If only a disk-shaped housing 2 is used, the metallic opposite wall 3 'of the housing 2 is closed. If several housings 2 are arranged next to one another , only the wall 3 'of the last housing 2 is closed, while all other housings 2 have a corresponding opening 16 (with or without ceramic filling) in both walls 3' and 3 "in order to pass the microwaves on. It is also possible for these housings to have the side walls 3 ', 3 "made of a ceramic material with metallic surfaces in the walls 3', 3" which form the channel. In a special embodiment, this microwave-conducting channel can also be formed inside the metallic housing wall 3. In this case, the ceramic layer 22 with its metallic inserts forms the microwave openings / microwave windows or the waveguide termination.
- the channel 13 can also Have branches and, as stated above, are connected to the following further housings 2.
- the rear of the housing 2 of one motor 1 forms the front of the housing of the other motor 1.
- the distribution of the supply air and the exhaust air can also be used be designed to the working space of the respective housing 2.
- Figure 2a shows an example of an elongated exhaust air opening 21 which is inserted into a round air outlet 20 in Figure 2b transforms.
- the air inlet 19 in FIG. 2 b is connected to an air opening (not shown) on the other side of the housing 2.
- a motor constructed in this way from individual disks and thus having several pistons is particularly powerful and low in vibration.
- a microwave spark plug 18 may be used, the microwave spark plug 18 striking the combustion chamber wall 4 with its end.
- the other optional measures described above relating to the steering of the microwaves on the basis of the reflections can be retained.
- the Figure 3 shows the microwave spark plug 18 with a microwave window 18 'belonging to this microwave spark plug 18, but which does not have to be present because the ceramic wall layer 22 forms the microwave window 4'.
- the microwave spark plug 18 is then connected to a suitable microwave pulse generator, not shown, via microwave waveguides.
- FIG 4 is for illustration the wall layer 22 in the area of the combustion chamber wall 9 with an additional metallic layer 13 on the side facing away from the combustion chamber 4 ( Figure 4a ) and with an additional metallic layer 13 'on the side of the combustion chamber 4 ( Figure 4b ) each provided with an opening 23 for the microwave window 4 'and lateral metallic surfaces 15.
- the other parts common to the parts explained in the preceding figures are designated accordingly.
- Figure 5 and Figure 6 show in the Figures 5b and 6b possible configurations of the openings 23 etched into the metallic layer 13 'for influencing purposes of the reflections of the microwaves once coupled into the combustion chamber 4.
- the remaining parts, which are connected to the in Figure 4 explained parts are common are designated accordingly.
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Rotationskolben-Verbrennungsmotor nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a rotary piston internal combustion engine according to the preamble of
Derartige Motoren sind allgemein bekannt. Die bekannteste Ausführungsform ist unter dem Namen Wankelmotor bekannt. Aus der
Bei herkömmlichen Rotationskolben-Verbrennungsmotors wird ein zündfähiges Benzinkraftstoff-Luft-Gemisch in der Arbeitskammer in einem Brennraum komprimiert und durch eine Zündkerze zur Reaktion/Oxidation gebracht. Die Zündkerze bildet eine Vertiefung in Oberfläche der Arbeitskammer, sodass diese als Lauffläche für die Kanten des Rotationskolbens wirkende Oberfläche eine Unebenheit aufweist, die zu einem Kompressionsverlust führt. Des Weiteren bewirkt die Zündung, dass sich die chemische Oxidation kugelförmig von dem Ort der Zündung in Form einer Druck- und Reaktionsfront (Laminare Brenngangsphase) in dem länglichen und flachen Brennraum ausbreitet und eine laminare Verbrennung bewirkt, die ebenfalls zu einem Kompressionsverlust führt. Infolge dessen entstehen Wirkungsgradverluste und Schadstoffe bei der Verbrennung von Kraftstoffen, wie beispielsweise Ruß oder Kohlenmonoxid usw.In conventional rotary piston internal combustion engines, an ignitable gasoline fuel-air mixture is compressed in the working chamber in a combustion chamber and caused to react / oxidize by a spark plug. The spark plug forms a recess in the surface of the working chamber, so that this surface, which acts as a running surface for the edges of the rotary piston, has an unevenness which leads to a loss of compression. Furthermore, the ignition causes the chemical oxidation to spread spherically from the location of the ignition in the form of a pressure and reaction front (laminar combustion chamber phase) in the elongated and flat combustion chamber and causes laminar combustion, which also leads to a loss of compression. As a result, there is a loss of efficiency and pollutants when combusting fuels, such as soot or carbon monoxide, etc.
Aus
Der Erfindung liegt folglich die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine verbesserte Zündung des Treibstoffes in dem Brennraum und eine Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrades zu erreichen.The invention is therefore based on the object of achieving an improved ignition of the fuel in the combustion chamber and an improvement in the efficiency.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen Motor nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Weiter vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind den rückbezogenen Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.This object is achieved according to the invention by a motor according to
Gemäß der Erfindung ist in der Brennraumwand mindestens ein Mikrowellenfenster angeordnet, auf dessen dem Brennraum abgewandten Seite eine Einrichtung zum Einkoppeln von Mikrowellenenergie in Form von Mikrowellen in den Brennraum der Arbeitskammer befindet. Unter Mikrowellenfester wird in diesem Zusammenhang ein nach außen abgeschlossener Bereich verstanden, der mikrowellendurchlässig ist. Die Brennraumwand als Teil der Gehäusewand dient somit auch im Bereich der Brennkammer als Lauffläche. Durch die Anordnung des Mikrowellenfensters in der Brennraumwand ist es grundsätzlich möglich, eine völlig glatte Oberfläche herzustellen, die für die Abdichtung des Rotationskolbens während seiner Bewegung entlang der Lauffläche besonders günstig ist. Es wird dadurch der bei herkömmlichen Motoren entstehende Kompressionsverlust vermieden. Je nach Erfordernis können ein oder mehrere Mikrowellenfenster in derAccording to the invention, at least one microwave window is arranged in the combustion chamber wall, on whose side facing away from the combustion chamber there is a device for coupling microwave energy in the form of microwaves into the combustion chamber of the working chamber. In this context, a microwave window is understood to mean an area which is closed off from the outside and which is microwave-permeable. The combustion chamber wall as part of the housing wall thus also serves as a running surface in the area of the combustion chamber. By arranging the microwave window in the combustion chamber wall, it is basically possible to produce a completely smooth surface, which is particularly favorable for sealing the rotary piston during its movement along the running surface. This avoids the loss of compression that occurs in conventional engines. Depending on requirements, one or more microwave windows can be installed in the
Brennraumwand angeordnet sein, wobei es dabei nicht erforderlich ist, dass das Material des Mikrowellenfensters sich von dem übrigen Material der Brennraumwand oder gar der Gehäusewand unterscheidet. Entscheidend ist, dass der als Mikrowellenfenster wirkende Bereich im Gegensatz zu seiner Umgebung für Mikrowellen durchlässig ist. Dabei kann die Durchlässigkeit des Mikrowellenfensters entweder durch einen abgegrenzten Bereich aus mikrowellendurchlässigen Material oder durch einen größeren Abschnitt, der an sich mikrowellendurchlässig ist, aber mit Ausnahme des als Mikrowellenfenster wirkenden Bereichs durch Abschirmungen für auf den Abschnitt auftreffenden Mikrowellen undurchlässig ist, realisiert sein. Auf der dem Brennraum abgewandten Seite des Mikrowellenfensters befindet sich eine Einrichtung zum Einkoppeln von Mikrowellenenergie. Die Einrichtung zum Einkoppeln von Mikrowellenenergie kann entweder mindestens eine Mikrowellenzündkerze in einer Bohrung in der Brennraumwand, die über einen Mikrowellenhohlleiter an einen Mikrowellenimpulsgenerator anschließbar ist oder einen direkt an das Gehäuse angebrachten darauf abgestimmten Mikrowellenimpulsgenerator umfassen.Be arranged combustion chamber wall, wherein it is not necessary that the material of the microwave window differs from the rest of the material of the combustion chamber wall or even the housing wall. It is crucial that the area acting as a microwave window, in contrast to its surroundings, is permeable to microwaves. The permeability of the microwave window can be realized either by a delimited area made of microwave-permeable material or by a larger section which is microwave-permeable per se but, with the exception of the area acting as a microwave window, is impermeable to microwaves impinging on the section by shielding. A device for coupling in microwave energy is located on the side of the microwave window facing away from the combustion chamber. The device for coupling in microwave energy can either comprise at least one microwave spark plug in a bore in the combustion chamber wall, which can be connected to a microwave pulse generator via a microwave waveguide, or a microwave pulse generator attached directly to the housing.
Durch die Einkopplung von Mikrowellenenergie ist es möglich, den in dem Brennraum befindlichen Treibstoff zu zünden. Dabei wird die lokale Zündung durch eine Raumzündung oder durch eine Randschichtzündung ersetzt, wobei der Treibstoff vor dem Zünden möglichst homogen über das gesamte Volumen des Brennraumes angeregt wird, was durch eine über den Brennraum verteilte Absorption der Mikrowellenenergie von den Treibstoffpartikeln erfolgt. Dabei spielt die Absorptionsfähigkeit von Mikrowellen, beschrieben durch einen Materialparameter tanδ(t) und die damit verbundene Eindringtiefe eine wesentliche Rolle. Die Mikrowellenenergie wird in ausreichender Menge an möglichst vielen Stellen in dem Brennraum konzentriert, um dort durch eine Vielzahl von Zündkeimen eine Raumzündung in dem Brennraum zu erzeugen. Gleichzeitig soll möglichst wenig Mikrowellenenergie wieder zu einer Mikrowellenquelle zurück reflektiert werden. Je geringer die Reflexion ist, umso größer ist die Absorption und damit die Energieaufnahme der Treibstoffpartikel für eine Raumzündung.By coupling in microwave energy, it is possible to ignite the fuel in the combustion chamber. The local ignition is replaced by a room ignition or by a boundary layer ignition, the fuel being excited as homogeneously as possible over the entire volume of the combustion chamber before ignition, which takes place through an absorption of the microwave energy by the fuel particles distributed over the combustion chamber. The absorption capacity of microwaves, described by a material parameter tanδ (t) and the associated penetration depth, play an important role. The microwave energy is concentrated in a sufficient amount at as many points as possible in the combustion chamber in order to generate a room ignition in the combustion chamber there through a large number of ignition nuclei. At the same time, as little microwave energy as possible should be reflected back to a microwave source. The lower the reflection, the greater the absorption and thus the energy consumption of the fuel particles for a space ignition.
Die Brennraumwand ist zumindest teilweise aus einem dafür besonders geeigneten mikrowellendurchlässigen Material, wie Keramik oder Saphirglas ausgebildet. Das kann insbesondere auch ein keramisches Material vorzugsweise mit einer Reinheit >99% oder ein anderer fester für Mikrowellen durchlässiger Werkstoff sein. Dies kann derart erfolgen, dass die Brennraumwand entweder einzelne Bereiche aus diesem Material aufweist oder aus dem gesamten Material besteht und darin Bereiche durch zusätzliche Maßnahmen gebildet sind, die die Mikrowellenenergie gezielt durchlassen und damit das jeweilige Mikrowellenfenster bilden.The combustion chamber wall is at least partially made of a microwave-permeable material that is particularly suitable for this, such as ceramic or sapphire glass. This can in particular also be a ceramic material, preferably with a purity of> 99%, or another solid material that is permeable to microwaves. This can be done in such a way that the combustion chamber wall either has individual areas made of this material or consists of the entire material and areas are formed therein by additional measures which allow the microwave energy to pass through and thus form the respective microwave window.
In der Brennraumwand sind unebene lokale geometrische metallische Strukturen angeordnet, die je nach Ausgestaltung aus dem Brennraum reflektierte Mikrowellen wieder in den Brennraum konzentriert oder gestreut zurücklenken. Diese lokalen Strukturen können dabei entweder eine geschwungene gleichmäßige Ausgestaltung, wie beispielsweise harmonische Schwingungsverläufe, etwa Sinusverlauf, oder eine kantige Ausgestaltungaufweisen. Es ist auch möglich, die Strukturen durch Körper in Form von Kugeln oder dergleichen auszubilden. Mit diesen Strukturen kann gezielt eine Reflexion oder Streuung von Mikrowellen erreicht werden, so dass in Brennraumbereichen in denen eine Zündung des Treibstoffes normalerweise nicht erfolgen würde, durch lokale Felderhöhungen der Treibstoff ernergetisiert und zur Zündung gebracht werden kann.Uneven local geometric metallic structures are arranged in the combustion chamber wall which, depending on the configuration, deflect microwaves reflected from the combustion chamber back into the combustion chamber in a concentrated or scattered manner. These local structures can either have a curved, uniform configuration, such as, for example, harmonic oscillation curves, for example a sinus curve, or an angular configuration. It is also possible to form the structures by bodies in the form of balls or the like. With these structures, a reflection or scattering of microwaves can be achieved in a targeted manner, so that in areas of the combustion chamber in which ignition of the fuel would normally not take place, the fuel can be regenerated and ignited by local field increases.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausbildung ist mindestens die Brennraumwand ohne Veränderung der Lauffläche in der die Arbeitskammer bildende Gehäusewand ohne Vertiefung wie bei herkömmlichen Motoren angeordnet. Dies bedeutet, dass in die Brennraumwand nicht ein oder mehrere gesonderte Mikrowellenfenster angeordnet sind, sondern die gesamte Brennraumwand im Wesentlichen aus dem gleichen Material besteht und in dieser Brennraumwand ein oder mehrere Mikrowellenfenster, also Stellen, die für die Mikrowellen durchlässig sind, integriert sind, ohne dass sich hierzu in der Lauffläche dadurch bedingte Unebenheiten ergeben. Dies kann derart erfolgen, dass entweder nur die Brennraumwand in die Gehäusewand integriert ist, oder auf der gesamten dieAccording to a preferred embodiment, at least the combustion chamber wall is arranged without changing the running surface in the housing wall forming the working chamber without a recess, as in conventional engines. This means that not one or more separate microwave windows are arranged in the combustion chamber wall, but rather the entire combustion chamber wall consists essentially of the same material and one or more microwave windows, i.e. places that are permeable to the microwaves, are integrated into this combustion chamber wall without that this results in unevenness in the running surface. This can be done in such a way that either only the combustion chamber wall is integrated into the housing wall or on the entire wall
Arbeitskammer umschließenden Gehäusewand zusätzlich zu der Brennraumwand vollständig eine zusätzliche Wandschicht angeordnet ist, somit die Arbeitskammer mit dieser zusätzlichen Wandschicht ausgekleidet ist.Working chamber enclosing the housing wall in addition to the combustion chamber wall completely an additional wall layer is arranged so that the working chamber is lined with this additional wall layer.
Zweckmäßigerweise sind die unebenen lokalen geometrischen Strukturen in Form von in die Brennraumwand eingebrachten Partikel oder als Metallpulverschicht ausgebildet. Diese wird beispielsweise bei der Verwendung von keramischen Material auf eine gepresste und vorgesinterte Trägerschicht (Grünling) aufgebracht, wobei die Unebenheiten bereits schon vorhanden sein können oder erst durch jetzt durch bekannte geeignete Formgebungsverfahren, wie Walzen, Fräsen, usw. in diesem Stadium hergestellt werden. Die derart vorbereitete Oberfläche kann nun metallisch bedampft, mit Metallpulver dotiert oder in einer anderen bekannten geeigneten Art und Weise behandelt werden, um sie mit einer metallischen Schicht zu versehen. Anschließend können Löcher mittels Laser, durch Ätzen oder mit einem anderen geläufigen Verfahren erzeugt werden, die dann den Durchtritt von Mikrowellen erlauben und als Mikrowellenfester dienen. Anschließend wird eine mikrowellendurchlässige weitere Schicht aufgebracht, die aus einem keramischen Material oder auch Saphirglas sein kann. Vorzugsweise kann durch weiteres Präzisionsschleifen auf diese Art und Weise ein fertiges in die Gehäusewand oder auch Kolbenwand einbringbares Einlegteil hergestellt werden, das durch Formschluss drehgesichert werden kann.The uneven local geometric structures are expediently designed in the form of particles introduced into the combustion chamber wall or as a metal powder layer. When using ceramic material, for example, this is applied to a pressed and pre-sintered carrier layer (green compact), whereby the unevenness can already be present or are only produced by known suitable shaping processes such as rolling, milling, etc. at this stage. The surface prepared in this way can now be metallically vapor-deposited, doped with metal powder or treated in another known suitable manner in order to provide it with a metallic layer. Holes can then be created using a laser, etching or another common method, which then allow the passage of microwaves and serve as a microwave window. Then another layer that is microwave-permeable and made of a ceramic material or sapphire glass is applied. By means of further precision grinding, a finished insert that can be introduced into the housing wall or also the piston wall can preferably be produced in this way, which insert can be secured against rotation by means of a form fit.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausbildung die Brennraumwand mit einer auf der dem Brennraum abgewandten Seite oder innerhalb der Brennraumwand mit einer sich in Längsrichtung der Brennraumwand erstreckenden metallischen Schicht versehen, die mindestens eine Öffnung für den Durchtritt von Mikrowellen aufweist. Die metallische Schicht kann dabei auf der Außenseite aufgedampft sein, wobei entsprechende Öffnungen je nach Anwendungsfall herausgeätzt sind. Bei der Ausgestaltung innerhalb der Brennraumwand ist eine sich in Längsrichtung der Brennraumwand erstreckende metallische Schicht angeordnet, die mindestens eine Öffnung für den Durchtritt von Mikrowellen aufweist, ähnlich wie vorstehend im Zusammenhang mit den lokalen metallischen Strukturen beschrieben. Diese Wand kann bei der Herstellung der Gehäusewand, insbesondere aus keramischem Material, eingelegt, eingestreut, aufgedampft und mitgesintert und gebrannt werden. Die Mikrowellen werden nach dem Einkoppeln in den Brennraum von dem metallischen Rotationskolben reflektiert und treffen durch das keramische Material der Brennraumwand auf das metallische Gehäuse des Motors und werden von dort wieder zurück Richtung Brennraum geworfen. Da auch das keramische Material eine Dämpfung der Mikrowelle bewirkt, kann die in dem keramischen Material zusätzlich eingebrachte metallische Schichten als Reflexionsfläche dienen, die den Weg durch das keramische Material für die Mikrowellen verkürzen. Selbstverständlich weisen diese metallischen Flächen dort Öffnungen auf, wo die Mikrowellen eingekoppelt werden.According to a further advantageous embodiment, the combustion chamber wall is provided with a metallic layer extending in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber wall on the side facing away from the combustion chamber or inside the combustion chamber wall and having at least one opening for the passage of microwaves. The metallic layer can be vapor-deposited on the outside, with corresponding openings being etched out depending on the application. In the configuration within the combustion chamber wall, a metallic layer extending in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber wall is arranged, which has at least one opening for the passage of microwaves, similar to described above in connection with the local metallic structures. During the manufacture of the housing wall, in particular made of ceramic material, this wall can be inserted, sprinkled, vapor-deposited and also sintered and fired. After being coupled into the combustion chamber, the microwaves are reflected by the metallic rotary piston and hit the metallic housing of the engine through the ceramic material of the combustion chamber wall and are thrown back towards the combustion chamber from there. Since the ceramic material also dampens the microwave, the metallic layers additionally introduced into the ceramic material can serve as a reflective surface that shortens the path through the ceramic material for the microwaves. Of course, these metallic surfaces have openings where the microwaves are coupled in.
In einer weiteren Ausbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Rotationskolben-Verbrennungsmotors weist die Einrichtung zur Einkopplung der Mikrowellen mindestens einen an dem Gehäuse angebrachten Mikrowellenpulsgenerator auf, über den die Mikrowellen in den Brennraum eingekoppelt werden. Ein derartiger Mikrowellenpulsgenerator ist in der
Zweckmäßigerweise ist bei dieser Ausgestaltung mindestens ein in der Gehäusewand verlaufender Mikrowellenkanal angeordnet, der mit mindestens einem Mikrowellenfenster verbunden ist. Dieser Mikrowellenkanal kann nachträglich in die Gehäusewand, z.B. durch Fräsen oder anderen geeigneten Maßnahmen, oder schon vor der finalen Sintern in eine keramische Schicht der Brennraumwand eingebracht werden. Die Oberfläche des mindestens einen Mikrowellenkanals kann zusätzlich mit einer metallischen Schicht versehen, wobei an den Stellen an denen Mikrowellen aus dem Mikrowellenkanal austreten, die metallische Schicht unterbrochen ist. Damit kann die Mikrowellenenergie gezielt in den Brennraum gebracht werden, da die in dem Mikrowellenkanal schwingenden und von den Wänden reflektierten Mikrowellen durch die mindestens eine Öffnung austreten können. Grundsätzlich der Mikrowellenkanal auch, wo zweckmäßig, Verzweigungen aufweisen. Der Mikrowellenkanal kann aber auch einfach durch das mikrowellendurchlässige Material der Brennraumwand gebildet werden, wobei die metallische Gehäusewand eine reflektierende Seite des Mikrowellenkanals bildet. Je nach Bedarf kann in oder auf das mikrowellendurchlässige Material eine metallische Reflexionsschicht aufgebrächt sein. Bei der Anordnung mit mehreren Rotationskolben-Verbrennungsmotoren können sich hintereinander derartige mindestens ein Mikrowellenkanäle befinden. Da in den einzelnen Brennräumen in einem derartigen Fall die Zündung zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten erfolgt, werden dann die Mikrowellen zwar durch alle Öffnungen bzw. Mikrowellenkanäle geleitet, erzeugen aber nur in dem Brennraum eine Zündung in dem der Treibstoff in dem entsprechenden zündfähigen Zustand ist.In this embodiment, at least one microwave channel running in the housing wall is expediently arranged, which is connected to at least one microwave window. This microwave channel can be incorporated into the housing wall afterwards, e.g. by milling or other suitable measures, or even before the final sintering in a ceramic layer of the combustion chamber wall. The surface of the at least one microwave channel can additionally be provided with a metallic layer, the metallic layer being interrupted at the points at which microwaves emerge from the microwave channel. In this way, the microwave energy can be brought into the combustion chamber in a targeted manner, since the microwaves oscillating in the microwave channel and reflected by the walls can exit through the at least one opening. Basically the microwave channel also has branches where appropriate. However, the microwave channel can also be formed simply by the microwave-permeable material of the combustion chamber wall, the metallic housing wall forming a reflective side of the microwave channel. Depending on requirements, a metallic reflective layer can be applied in or onto the microwave-permeable material. In the arrangement with several rotary piston internal combustion engines, at least one such microwave channels can be located one behind the other. Since in such a case the ignition takes place at different times in the individual combustion chambers, the microwaves are then passed through all openings or microwave channels, but only generate ignition in the combustion chamber in which the fuel is in the corresponding ignitable state.
In einer anderen bevorzugten Ausbildung wird die Einrichtung zur Einkopplung der Mikrowellen einer Mikrowellenzündkerze gemäß der Patentanmeldung
Da der Rotationskolben üblicherweise aus einem metallischen Material besteht, bildet diese mit seiner Oberfläche bereits eine Reflexionsschicht für die Mikrowellen. In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausbildung der Erfindung ist auf dem Rotationskolben zumindest teilweise eine Reflexionsschicht aus einem für die Mikrowellenergie durchlässigen und für die Verbrennung von Treibstoff im Brennraum geeigneten Material, insbesondere Keramik oder Saphirglas, angeordnet, in der unebene lokale geometrischen metallische Strukturen angeordnet sind, die je nach Ausgestaltung auf den Rotationskolben auftreffende Mikrowellen wieder in den Brennraum konzentriert oder gestreut reflektieren. Die geometrischen metallischen Strukturen können, wie vorstehend im Zusammenhang mit derartigen Strukturen in der Brennraumwand erläutert, ohne Durchtrittsstellen für Mikrowellen hergestellt sein. Zweckmäßigerweise sind daher die unebenen lokalen geometrischen Strukturen in Form von in die Reflexionsschicht eingebrachten Partikel oder als Metallpulverschicht ausgebildet. Damit kann die Konzentration oder Streuung der Mikrowellen in dem Brennraum gezielt gesteuert werden.Since the rotary piston usually consists of a metallic material, this already forms a reflective layer for the microwaves with its surface. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a reflective layer made of a material that is permeable to microwave energy and suitable for the combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber, in particular ceramic or sapphire glass, is at least partially arranged on the rotary piston, in which uneven local geometric metallic structures are arranged Depending on the configuration, microwaves striking the rotary piston are reflected back into the combustion chamber in a concentrated or scattered manner. As explained above in connection with such structures in the combustion chamber wall, the geometric metallic structures can be produced without passage points for microwaves. The uneven local geometric structures are therefore expediently designed in the form of particles introduced into the reflective layer or as a metal powder layer. The concentration or scattering of the microwaves in the combustion chamber can thus be controlled in a targeted manner.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung sind die Brennraumwand und/oder Reflexionsschicht wenigstens teilweise als vorgefertigtes gesintertes in die Gehäusewand bzw. die Kolbenwand einlegbares Einlegeteil ausgebildet. Dies kann derart erfolgen, dass die entweder nur die Brennraumwand in die Gehäusewand eingebracht wird oder die Gehäusewand mit einer die gesamte die Arbeitskammer umschließenden Wandschicht verkleidet ist. Entsprechend verhält es sich mit dem (metallischen) Rotationskolben, der auch vollständig mit einer derartigen Wandschicht umgeben sein kann. Das vereinfacht die Herstellung derartig ausgebildeter Rotationskolben-Verbrennungsmotoren.According to a preferred embodiment, the combustion chamber wall and / or reflective layer are at least partially designed as a prefabricated sintered insert that can be inserted into the housing wall or the piston wall. This can be done in such a way that either only the combustion chamber wall is introduced into the housing wall or the housing wall is clad with a wall layer enclosing the entire working chamber. The same applies to the (metallic) rotary piston, which can also be completely surrounded by such a wall layer. This simplifies the production of rotary piston internal combustion engines designed in this way.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausbildung der Erfindung weist die Einrichtung zur Einkopplung der Mikrowellen einen Mikrowellengenerator auf, der Mikrowellen mit einer Frequenz von 25 GHz bis 95 GHz, vorzugsweise 30 bis 75 GHz, erzeugt und der eine Steuerung für den Zeitpunkt, die Frequenz, die Amplitude und Art der Einkopplung der Mikrowellen aufweist. Unter Art der Einkopplung wird verstanden, ob die Einkopplung über einzelne Impulse oder als Impulspakete oder sonstige mögliche erforderliche Varianten der Steuerung der Mikrowellen aufweist.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the device for coupling in the microwaves has a microwave generator which generates microwaves with a frequency of 25 GHz to 95 GHz, preferably 30 to 75 GHz, and which controls the time, frequency, amplitude and Has type of coupling of the microwaves. The type of coupling is understood to mean whether the coupling is via individual pulses or as pulse packets or other possible required variants of the control of the microwaves.
Vorzugsweise kann die Einrichtung zur Einkopplung der Mikrowellen einen Mikrowellengenerator aufweisen, der die Mikrowellen in Impulspaketen einleitet und diese vorzugsweise auch nach einer bereits erfolgten Zündung eines Treibstoffes aufrechterhält. Damit wird zusätzlich zur Zündung die Verbrennung des Treibstoffs optimiert und auch bereits erfolgter Zündung die Verbrennung des Treibstoffs angeregt.The device for coupling in the microwaves can preferably have a microwave generator which introduces the microwaves in pulse packets and preferably maintains them even after a fuel has already been ignited. In this way, in addition to ignition, the combustion of the fuel is optimized and the combustion of the fuel is also stimulated after ignition.
Ein besonderer Vorteil des Motors liegt darin, dass die Mikrowellen bezüglich einer Kurbelwelle winkelgradgesteuert eingeleitet werden können, so dass eine genaue Steuerung der Zündung durchgeführt werden kann. Außerdem ist es möglich, einen derartigen Rotationskolben-Verbrennungsmotor ohne eine Dichtung zwischen Rotationskolben und Gehäusewand auszubilden und lediglich einen Spalt zwischen Rotationskolben und Gehäusewand, beispielsweise von 0,5 mm, vorzusehen, ohne dass dabei wesentliche Leistung eingebüßt, dafür aber die Herstellung vereinfacht wird.A particular advantage of the engine is that the microwaves can be introduced in an angle-controlled manner with respect to a crankshaft, so that the ignition can be precisely controlled. In addition, it is possible to design such a rotary piston internal combustion engine without a seal between the rotary piston and the housing wall and only to provide a gap between the rotary piston and the housing wall, for example 0.5 mm, without losing any significant performance, but instead simplifying production.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Motor werden die bekannten Nachteile des Kompressionsverlustes durch die keine Unebenheiten aufweisende Laufläche und die Raumzündung der einzelnen Treibstoffpartikeln vermieden. Es ist möglich, jede beliebige erforderliche Zündenergie an beliebigen Punkten zur Verfügung zu stellen und eine gleichmäße Verbrennung im ganzen Brennraum zu erzeugen, in dem die Anzahl der Mikrowellenfenster und die entsprechenden Parameter für die Zuführung der Mikrowellen gewählt werden. Es sind grundsätzlich alle Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten für die Lauffläche möglich. Auch eine Arbeitskammer mit einem kreisförmigen Querschnitt ist möglich. Des Weiteren kann durch die Auswahl des Materials und die Gestaltung des Gehäuses des Motors je nach Anwendungsfall gestaltet werden, insbesondere wenn ein Sinterwerkstoff, wie ein keramisches Material verwendet wird.With the engine according to the invention, the known disadvantages of loss of compression due to the running surface that has no unevenness and the space ignition of the individual fuel particles are avoided. It is possible to provide any required ignition energy at any point and to produce uniform combustion in the entire combustion chamber by selecting the number of microwave windows and the corresponding parameters for the supply of microwaves. Basically, all design options for the tread are possible. A working chamber with a circular cross section is also possible. Furthermore, through the selection of the material and the design of the housing, the motor can be designed depending on the application, in particular if a sintered material such as a ceramic material is used.
Der erfindungsgemäße Motor erlaubt außerdem die genaue Steuerung des Beginns einer Raumzündung eines Treibstoffes in einem Brennraum, so dass eine optimale schadstoffarme Verbrennung des Treibstoffes mit einem gegenüber herkömmlichen Rotationskolben-Verbrennungsmotoren erhöhten Wirkungsgrad erreicht wird. Generell ermöglicht die Erfindung die sichere Zündung von mageren Treibstoff-Luft/Gas-Gemischen, was eine zusätzliche Anreicherung zum Zünden nicht erforderlich macht und zu einem geringeren Treibstoffverbrauch führt. Schadstoffe und deren Entstehung können durch die Verbrennungstemperatur und durch das Mischungsverhältnis von Luft und Treibstoff geregelt werden. Die Verbrennung gemäß der Erfindung läuft schneller ab als bei herkömmlichen Zündungen. Dies hat eine "kältere" Verbrennung zur Folge, so dass der Wirkungsgrad steigt. Weiterhin sind prinzipiell bei kälteren Verbrennungsabläufen geringere Schadstoffemissionen erzielbar. Durch die kältere Verbrennung wird die Konzentration von Stickstoffoxiden in den Kraftstoffabgasen reduziert. Durch die Raumzündung Ist der Brennvorgang im Unterschied zur herkömmlichen Verbrennung deutlich weniger auf den Brennfortschritt in Form von Diffusionsflammen angewiesen. Damit werden weitere Wärmeverluste vermieden und eine Effizienzsteigerung erreicht. Eine Aufheizphase des Brennraums und der Luft im Oxidationsbereich ist bei dieser Verbrennung signifikant geringer.The engine according to the invention also allows precise control of the start of a space ignition of a fuel in a combustion chamber, so that an optimal low-pollutant combustion of the fuel with an increased efficiency compared to conventional rotary piston internal combustion engines is achieved. In general, the invention enables the reliable ignition of lean fuel-air / gas mixtures, which makes additional enrichment for ignition unnecessary and leads to lower fuel consumption. Pollutants and their formation can be regulated by the combustion temperature and the mixing ratio of air and fuel. The combustion according to the invention takes place faster than with conventional ignitions. This results in a "colder" combustion, so that the efficiency increases. Furthermore, lower pollutant emissions can in principle be achieved with colder combustion processes. The colder combustion reduces the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the fuel exhaust gases. Due to the room ignition, the burning process is significantly less dependent on the burning progress in the form of diffusion flames in contrast to conventional combustion. This avoids further heat losses and increases efficiency. A heating phase of the combustion chamber and the air in the oxidation area is significantly less with this combustion.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand schematischer Übersichtsskizzen näher erläutert. Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung der Erfindung in Verbindung mit den Ansprüchen und der beigefügten Zeichnung. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Ansicht eines Rotationskolben-Verbrennungsmotors mit einem Mikrowellenpulsgenerator, der schräg in dem Gehäuse des Rotationskolben-Verbrennungsmotor angeordnet ist, in einer Stirnansicht (
Figur 1a ) und in einem schematischen Querschnitt des Gehäuses (Figur 1b ) entlang der Linie A-A vonFigur 1a sowie diverse Ausgestaltungen (Figur 1c bis Figur 1e ) der Einzelheit X der dem Arbeitsraum zugewandten Gehäusewand und der Rotationskolbenwand; - Fig. 2
- eine schematische Ansicht eines Rotationskolben-Verbrennungsmotors mit einem Mikrowellenpulsgenerator, der in axialer Richtung in dem Gehäuse des Rotationskolben-Verbrennungsmotor angeordnet ist, in einer Stirnansicht (
Figur 2a ) mit einem Aufrissquerschnitt des Gehäuses im Be-reich der Anbringung des Mikrowellenpulsgenerators und in einem schematischen Querschnitt des Gehäuses (Figur 2b ) entlang der Linie A-A vonFigur 2a ; - Fig. 3
- eine schematische Querschnittsansicht ähnlich
Fig. 1b mit einer Mikrowellenzündkerze an Stelle des Mikrowellenpulsgenerators; - Fig. 4
- eine schematische Darstellung entsprechend
Figur 1b mit einem Aufrissquerschnitt mit verschiedenen metallischen Beschichtungen der Brennraumwand einmal auf der der Arbeitskammer zugewandten Seite (Figur 4a ) und auf der abgewandten Seite (Figur 4b ); - Fig.5
- eine Darstellungen ähnlich
Figur 1b (Figur 5a ) mit einer vergrösserten Schnittdarstellung entlang der Linie A-A (Figur 5b ) mit einer ersten Anordnung von metallischen Beschichtungen und damit gebildeten Reflexionsschichten; und - Fig. 6
- eine Darstellungen ähnlich
Figur 1b (Figur 6a ) mit einer vergrösserten Schnittdarstellung entlang der Linie B-B (Figur 6b ) mit einer zweiten Anordnung von metallischen Beschichtungen und damit gebildeten Reflexionsschichten.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic view of a rotary piston internal combustion engine with a microwave pulse generator, which is arranged obliquely in the housing of the rotary piston internal combustion engine, in an end view (
Figure 1a ) and in a schematic cross section of the housing (Figure 1b ) along the line AA ofFigure 1a as well as various configurations (Figure 1c to Figure 1e ) the detail X of the housing wall facing the working space and the wall of the rotary piston; - Fig. 2
- a schematic view of a rotary piston internal combustion engine with a microwave pulse generator, which is arranged in the axial direction in the housing of the rotary piston internal combustion engine, in an end view (
Figure 2a ) with an elevation cross-section of the housing in the area the attachment of the microwave pulse generator and in a schematic cross section of the housing (Figure 2b ) along the line AA ofFigure 2a ; - Fig. 3
- a schematic cross-sectional view similar to
Figure 1b with a microwave spark plug instead of the microwave pulse generator; - Fig. 4
- a schematic representation accordingly
Figure 1b with an elevation cross-section with various metallic coatings of the combustion chamber wall once on the side facing the working chamber (Figure 4a ) and on the opposite side (Figure 4b ); - Fig. 5
- a representations similar
Figure 1b (Figure 5a ) with an enlarged sectional view along the line AA (Figure 5b ) with a first arrangement of metallic coatings and reflective layers formed therewith; and - Fig. 6
- a representations similar
Figure 1b (Figure 6a ) with an enlarged sectional view along the line BB (Figure 6b ) with a second arrangement of metallic coatings and reflective layers formed with them.
In den
Der Motor 1 weist eine Gehäusewand 3 mit einer Wandschicht 22 auf, die eine Arbeitskammer 5 umschliesst, in der ein Rotationskolben 6 um eine Drehachse 7 drehbar gelagert ist. Die Kante 17 des Rotationskolbens 6 bewegt sich entlang der Wandschicht 22 der Gehäusewand 3. Der Teil der Arbeitskammer 5, in dem sich ein durch die Drehung des Rotationskolbens 6 verdichteter Treibstoff befindet, wird als Brennraum 9 und der dem Brennraum 9 zugeordnete Bereich der Wandschicht 22 wird als Brennraumwand 4 bezeichnet. Zumindest die Brennraumwand 4 ist aus einem mikrowellendurchlässigen Material, nämlich Keramik ausgebildet. In dem Ausführungsbeispiel ist jedoch nicht nur die Brennraumwand 4 sondern der gesamte, die Arbeitskammer 5 umgebende Bereich der Gehäusewand 3 mit einer Wandschicht 22 aus einem keramischen Material hergestellt. Die Wandschicht 22 ist aus Einlegeteilen gebildet. Ebenso weist auch der Rotationskolben 6 eine Reflexionsschicht 8 aus keramischem Material auf. In
Grundsätzlich werden Mikrowellen von Metall reflektiert, so dass die in den Brennraum 9 eingekoppelten Mikrowellen sich in dem gesamten Brennraum 9 befinden und den darin befindlichen Treibstoff im gesamten Brennraum 9 energetisieren und zum Zünden bringen können. Da sowohl der Rotationskolben 6 auch als das Gehäuse 2 üblicherweise aus Metall bestehen, werden die in den Brennraum 9 eingekoppelten Mikrowellen zwischen dem Rotationskolben 6 und dem Gehäuse 2 hin und her reflektiert. Wenn die den Brennraum 9 bildenden Wände aus einem mikrowellendurchlässigen Material, wie in dem Ausführungsbeispiel die Brennraumwand 4 bzw. die Reflexionsschicht 8 auf dem metallischen Gehäuse 2 bzw. einen metallischen Kern 14 des Rotationskolbens 6 ausgebildet sind, werden die Mikrowellen etwas gedämpft, aber dennoch in dem Brennraum 9 gehalten.Basically, microwaves are reflected by metal, so that the microwaves coupled into the
Zusätzlich kann entweder in der Brennraumwand 4 und/oder in der Reflexionsschicht 8 eine mikrowellenundurchlässige metallische Schicht 11 angeordnet sein, die bei der Herstellung der Brennraumwand 4 bzw. der Reflexionsschicht 8 besonders ausgestaltet wurde, um die Reflexionen der Mikrowellen zu lenken oder auch den Weg durch die Brennraumwand bis zur Reflexion zu verkürzen. So kann beispielsweise für eine gezielte Streuung oder Konzentration bei der Reflexion beispielsweise in den Brennraumbereichen 9' oder 9" eine wellenförmig ausgebildete Metallschicht 11 gemäß
Wie aus
Bei der Anordnung mehrerer Motoren 1 wie oben beschrieben bildet die Rückseite des Gehäuses 2 des einen Motors 1 die Vorderseite des Gehäuses des anderen Motors 1. Damit kann bei entsprechender Ausbildung der Vorder- und Rückseiten des scheibenförmigen Gehäuses 2 auch die Verteilung der Zuluft und der Abluft zu dem Arbeitsraum des jeweiligen Gehäuses 2 gestaltet werden.
Anstelle des Mikrowellenpulsgenerators 10 gemäß
In
Claims (12)
- Rotating piston internal combustion engine (1) with a housing (2), which includes a housing wall (3) that forms an operating chamber (5), and in which a rotatable rotating piston (6) is arranged, which extends through the operating chamber (5) and during rotation moves along the housing wall (3) that forms a running surface with edges (17) of the rotating piston (6), wherein in the operating chamber (5) for the ignition of a fuel located in the operating chamber (5) a portion of the operating chamber (5) serves as a combustion chamber (9) with an associated combustion chamber wall (4), wherein in the combustion chamber wall (4) at least one microwave window (4') is arranged, on whose side that is oriented away from the combustion chamber (9) a device (10; 18) for injecting microwave energy in form of microwaves into the combustion chamber (9) of the operating chamber (5) is arranged, wherein at least the combustion chamber wall (4) is at least partially made from a material that is permeable for microwave energy and suitable for combusting fuel in the combustion chamber (9), in particular ceramics or sapphire glass, characterized in that in the combustion chamber wall (4) uneven local geometric metallic structures (11, 12) are arranged, which, depending on their configuration, deflect microwaves reflected form the combustion chamber (9) back into the combustion chamber in a concentrated or scattered manner.
- Rotating piston internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the combustion chamber (4) wall is integrated in the housing wall (3) without any variation in the running surface, in such that parts of the combustion chamber wall (4) serving as microwave windows (4') being permeable for microwaves are integrated thereof without causing unevenness of the running surface.
- Rotating piston internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the uneven local geometric structures are configured in the form of particles (12) introduced into the combustion chamber wall (4) or as a metal powder layer (11).
- Rotating piston internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combustion chamber wall (4) is provided with a metal layer (11) being impermeable for microwaves that extends in longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber wall (4), which includes at least one opening for passing microwaves through.
- Rotating piston internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (10; 18) for injecting the microwaves includes at least one microwave pulse generator (10) that is arranged at the housing (2), preferably in axial direction of the housing (2).
- Rotating piston internal combustion engine according to claim 5, characterized in that in the housing wall (3) at least one microwave channel is arranged, which is connected to at least one microwave window (4').
- Rotating piston internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the rotating piston (6) at least partially a reflective layer (8) made from a material that is permeable for the microwave energy and adapted to a combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber (9), in particular ceramics or sapphire glass, is arranged, in which uneven local geometric metallic structures (11, 12) are arranged, which, depending on their configuration, deflect microwaves impacting the rotating piston (6) back into the combustion chamber (9) in a concentrated or scattered manner.
- Rotating piston internal combustion engine according to claim 7, characterized in that the uneven local geometric structures are configured in the form of particles (12) introduced into the reflective layer (8) or as a metal powder layer (11).
- Rotating piston internal combustion engine according to claim 3 or 8, characterized in that at least the combustion chamber wall (4) and/or the reflective layer (8) are at least partially configured as a pre-fabricated sintered insert which is insertable into the housing wall (3) or the housing (2) or a piston wall (14).
- Rotating piston internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (10; 18) for injecting the microwaves includes a microwave spark plug (18) or a microwave generator (10), which directly adjoin the microwave window (4') in the combustion chamber wall (4).
- Rotating piston internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (10; 18) for injecting the microwaves includes a microwave generator (10), which generates microwaves with a frequency of 25 GHz to 95 GHz, preferably 30 GHz to 75 GHz, and includes a control for the point in time, the frequency, the amplitude and the type of the injection of the microwaves.
- Rotating piston internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (10; 18) for injecting the microwaves includes a microwave generator (10), which by means of a control device injects the microwaves in impulse packets and preferably maintains them also after an ignition of fuel has occurred.
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ES15173423T ES2861475T3 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2015-06-23 | Rotary piston internal combustion engine |
EP15173423.3A EP3109459B1 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2015-06-23 | Rotation piston combustion motor |
US15/148,233 US10030578B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2016-05-06 | Rotating piston internal combustion engine |
CN201610425530.XA CN106286075B (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2016-06-15 | Rotary piston type internal combustion engine |
JP2016121590A JP6261659B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2016-06-20 | Rotating piston internal combustion engine |
MX2016008433A MX358500B (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2016-06-23 | Rotating piston internal combustion engine. |
KR1020160078335A KR101819826B1 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2016-06-23 | Rotating piston internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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EP15173423.3A EP3109459B1 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2015-06-23 | Rotation piston combustion motor |
Publications (2)
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EP3109459A1 EP3109459A1 (en) | 2016-12-28 |
EP3109459B1 true EP3109459B1 (en) | 2021-01-06 |
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EP15173423.3A Active EP3109459B1 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2015-06-23 | Rotation piston combustion motor |
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US (1) | US10030578B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3109459B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6261659B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101819826B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN106286075B (en) |
ES (1) | ES2861475T3 (en) |
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EP3109459B1 (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2021-01-06 | MWI Micro Wave Ignition AG | Rotation piston combustion motor |
CN112796875B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-07-05 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of hydrogen gasoline dual fuel stratified combustion rotor machine and control method thereof |
US11585312B1 (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2023-02-21 | Southwest Research Institute | Focused microwave or radio frequency ignition and plasma generation |
US12180838B2 (en) | 2023-04-07 | 2024-12-31 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Rotor assembly with cooling channels separated by ribs for a rotary engine |
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- 2016-05-06 US US15/148,233 patent/US10030578B2/en active Active
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KR101819826B1 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
CN106286075A (en) | 2017-01-04 |
JP6261659B2 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
ES2861475T3 (en) | 2021-10-06 |
MX2016008433A (en) | 2016-12-22 |
MX358500B (en) | 2018-08-23 |
KR20170000357A (en) | 2017-01-02 |
JP2017040252A (en) | 2017-02-23 |
CN106286075B (en) | 2018-11-09 |
US10030578B2 (en) | 2018-07-24 |
EP3109459A1 (en) | 2016-12-28 |
US20170022893A1 (en) | 2017-01-26 |
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