EP3102751A1

EP3102751A1 - Construction element comprising at least two blocks

Info

Publication number: EP3102751A1
Application number: EP15702678.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Dominique Rossi
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2014-02-04
Filing date: 2015-01-21
Publication date: 2016-12-14
Anticipated expiration: 2035-01-21
Also published as: EP3102751B1; FR3017142A1; WO2015117827A1; FR3017142B1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a construction element comprising at least two blocks (1, 2, 3, 4), said blocks (1, 2, 3, 4) being configured according to a depth dimension of the blocks (1, 2, 3, 4) and being rigidly connected to one another but separable at the breakable linking areas. At least one of the construction blocks (1, 2, 3, 4) is to engage with at least one other construction bloc, in a stacked fashion. Each of the construction blocks (1, 2, 3, 4) includes, on a first surface (5), male assembly means and, on a second surface (6) opposite the first surface (5), female assembly means complementary to the male assembly means. Each block (1, 2, 3, 4) comprises at least three holes (16) formed from a third surface (7) of the block (1, 2, 3, 4), the third surface (7) being parallel to the depth dimension and perpendicular to the first and second surfaces (5, 6). The three holes (16) are not aligned with one another.

Description

"Construction element with two or more blocks"

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates in particular to a building block and a building element comprising a plurality of blocks and an assembly for the composition of a wall wall using the blocks in question.

A preferred application relates to the construction and public works industry, in particular for the production of low walls, retaining walls, noise barriers or the like.

STATE OF THE ART

In the latter field, there is known from WOA 9622427 a construction element for dry mounting retaining walls with variable inclination. According to this prior art, elements are made with fragmentable portions so as to derive a plurality of individual blocks. It is thus possible to vary the wall composition, the system being adjustable. Furthermore, the blocks according to the prior art comprise relative fixing means by tenon and mortise systems for blocking superimposed blocks. Despite the flexibility of use of such elements, current techniques suffer from limitation. These elements are normally mounted by hand but are impractical to handle.

There is a need to provide an improved block in which manipulation of the elements is improved.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention falls within this framework and proposes for this purpose a construction element comprising at least two blocks, said blocks being configured in a depth dimension of the blocks and integral but dissociable at breakable connection areas, at least one building blocks being intended to cooperate in superposition with at least one other building block and possibly in juxtaposition with at least one other building block, each of the building blocks comprising, on a first face, male assembly means and , on a second face opposite to the first face, complementary female assembly means of the male assembly means, characterized in that each block comprises at least three holes formed from a third face of the block, the third face being parallel to the dimension in depth and perpendicular to the first and second faces, the three holes being non-aligned nated.

Thus, on all the holes, at least some of them are not aligned.

The essentially parallelepipedic conformation of the blocks makes them compact and resistant, so that, contrary to prejudices of the state of the art, the invention proposes making holes within the blocks. These holes can be formed from the beginning, for example during molding. Moreover, the holes are distributed so that the recovery of the mechanical effects is distributed and too high stress concentrations are avoided. In addition to the weight gain from the holes, their original distribution allows to create gripping zones distributed on the face of the block.

Handling capacity is important because it is here blocks that must be able to move, cut, generally up to the hand;

The invention further relates to a construction element comprising at least two blocks, said blocks being aligned along a depth dimension of the block.

The invention also relates to a set of composition of a wall wall comprising at least three blocks, the three blocks comprising a first block, a second block superimposed on the first block and a third block juxtaposed to the first block. BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, and with reference to the appended drawings given as non-limiting examples and in which:

- Figure 1 shows a set of four breakable blocks;

- Figures 2a and 2b respectively show in horizontal cross section and in profile, an embodiment of the invention;

- Figures 3a and 3b respectively show in horizontal cross section and in profile, another embodiment of the invention;

- Figures 4a and 4b respectively show in profile and in vertical cross section of other possibilities of the invention, as well as Figures 5a and 5b;

- Figure 6 shows a retaining assembly achievable with the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before going into the details of embodiments in particular with reference to the drawings, hereinafter stated purely indicative options that the invention may present alone or in combination.

- At least one of the holes 16 has a portion flared from its mouth on the third face 7, with a decreasing section towards the inside of the block; this allows a better grip and the progressive nature of the section variation provides a very small decrease in mechanical strength.

the flared portion is a conical portion 19;

- The flared portion extends from the third face to the fourth face with a sectional decrease of the third face to the fourth face, the section variation can be 2mm to the diameter between the two faces.

- At least one of the holes 16 is opening on a fourth face 12 of the block 1, 2, 3, 4, said fourth face 12 being opposite to the third face 7;

- At least one of the holes 16 has a flared portion from its mouth on the third face 7 followed by a portion of constant section itself followed by a flared portion of increasing section towards a mouth on the fourth face 12;

at least two holes 16 have sections of different sizes;

the holes 16 have a circular section; the element according to the invention comprises two series of holes 16 aligned along two lines 17, 18;

the two lines 17, 18 are parallel to the depth dimension;

each series of holes 16 has three holes;

each of the three holes 16 of a series is aligned, according to one dimension in height of the block, with one of the three holes 16 of the other series;

the holes 16 of one of the series are offset from the holes 16 of the other series according to the dimension in depth;

the surface of the mouth of the holes 16 on the third face 7 is less than 20% of the surface of the third face 7;

at least one of the holes 16 is blind.

the depth of the at least one blind hole is between 20 and 45% of the width of the block 1, 2, 3, 4;

- The element comprises at least three additional holes 16 formed from a fourth face 12 of the block 1, 2, 3, 4 opposite the third face 7, the at least three holes 16 being non-aligned;

the additional holes 16 are symmetrical with the holes 16 opening on the third face 7 relative to a median plane of the block 1, 2, 3, 4 according to the dimension in depth.

Without limitation, the element of the invention can be made from concrete, for example by molding.

It can also have a substantially parallelepipedic configuration rectangle.

According to the invention, a single coherent element called construction element is made of a plurality of building blocks. The assembly is coherent because the blocks 1, 2, 3, 4 are assembled in alignment by one of their faces. Figure 1 illustrates this cooperation. However, the cohesion between blocks can be suppressed by applying a force at break zones located at the boundary between two adjacent blocks. As shown, the rupture zones 14 are here formed by notches formed on the one hand on a first face 5 of the construction element and on the other hand on a second face 6 located opposite the first face 5. The rupture zones 14 are advantageously parallel grooves and oriented in a wide dimension marked "I" in Figure 3a of the construction element, perpendicular to the alignment orientation of the blocks 1, 2, 3 , 4 hereinafter referred to as "p" depth. As a preference, the rupture zones 14 have a notch profile higher than wide. For example, their height is 13 millimeters and the width of 10 millimeters for blocks 1, 2, 3, 4 of 87 millimeters high.

The decohesion between two blocks 1, 2, 3, 4 can be obtained simply by striking the user so as to take advantage of the fragility of the rupture zone 14. It is thus possible to release one or more blocks or to form sub-units. groups of blocks 1, 2, 3, 4. It will be noted that during this step, the face 9 of the block 1, 2, 3, 4 considered after dissociation has a raised appearance likely to mimic the exploded stone. It is therefore possible to take advantage of the fragmentation phase of a building element to obtain one or more blocks, one of whose faces has a non-smooth appearance so as to obtain variations in the wall composition. In the illustrated example, particularly visible in FIG. 1, a construction element comprises 4 aligned blocks 1, 2, 3, 4, but this embodiment is not limiting and more or fewer blocks 1, 2, 3 could be associated. , 4 to form an element.

At the level of an upper face here called first face 5, each block 1,

2, 3, 4 comprises at least one groove 1 1 forming an inwardly recessed relief of the block 1, 2, 3, 4. Preferably, the height of the groove is less than 15% of that of the block. For example, for a block of height h of 87 millimeters, a groove of semi-circular profile diameter 22 millimeters may be suitable, a height of 1 1 millimeters. The grooves 1 1 are advantageously identical for each of the blocks. Moreover, the blocks 1, 2, 3, 4 are preferably identical or similar configuration.

At a lower face hereinafter second face 6, each block 1, 2, 3, 4 comprises at least one tongue 10 protruding outwardly. Each groove 1 1 is vis-à-vis (that is to say parallel on an opposite side) of a tongue 10 so that it is easy to understand that the combination of a tongue of a block with a groove of another block allows them to put in cooperation in superposition. A dimension and shape is provided for the tongue 10 adapted to cooperate with a groove January 1 to form a male / female system. Thus, the tongue 10 may comprise a semi-circular profile of a diameter slightly smaller than that of the groove 11, for example a diameter of 18 millimeters corresponding to a tongue height of 9 millimeters.

Of course the placement of the tongue 10 and the groove 1 1 could be reversed. As before, the tabs 10 are advantageously formed in parallel and similar manner for each block 1, 2, 3, 4 and are advantageously parallel to the width "I" of the blocks 1, 2, 3, 4.

Still preferably, the blocks 1, 2, 3, 4 each have a rectangular section in a plane according to the depth of the block. For example, a depth-to-height ratio of each block 1, 2, 3, 4 between 1 and 2 gives satisfaction. The section can be square.

Returning to the previously mentioned example, the following dimensional parameters can be obtained:

- Depth of each block: 250 millimeters (ie depth of a building element with 4 blocks: 1000 millimeters)

height h of each block: 87 millimeters

- width of each block: 130 millimeters

- groove height 1 1: 1 1 millimeters

- tongue height 10: 9 millimeters

- height of rupture zone 14: 13 millimeters

It was found that with these parameters, the mechanical strength was optimized while allowing three fixing zones on each block.

However, with these parameters alone, the elements are very dense and particularly difficult to handle, especially when they are concrete.

Surprisingly, it has been found that the formation of a plurality of holes 16 in the blocks 1, 2, 3, 4 does not fundamentally impair the mechanical strength which remains suitable. To achieve this result, the invention forms holes 16 whose advantageous configurations are given below and which are at least 3 in number, the holes are not all aligned.

In the case of Figure 1, each block 1, 2, 3, 4 comprises six holes 16, organized in two sets of three holes; preferably these series are directed along lines 17, 18 parallel to the depth "p" of the block 1, 2, 3, 4 recalled in Figure 3b. In FIG. 1, the holes 16 also form three columns according to the height of the blocks given under the reference "h" in FIG. 3b. This case is not limiting and the holes can be arranged otherwise than columns, as is the case in Figures 5a and 5b. Advantageously, the holes 16 of each series are equally spaced from each other and the end holes 16 of each series are equidistant from their respective edges of the block 1, 2, 3, 4.

To preserve a higher central resistance while effectively lightening the block, some or all the holes 16 may have a flared portion, for example conical 19, at the face 7 on which they open. Thus, in the case of FIGS. 2a and 2b, a portion 19 extends from an area deep in the hole 16 towards the mouth of the hole 16 at the face 7. This face 7 is a flank face of the block 1, 2, 3, 4, that is to say extending in the direction in depth and definitely with a fourth opposite face 12, the width "I" of the block 1, 2, 3, 4. After the portion 19, the hole 16 has a central portion 20 of constant section. Portion 19 may have a depth less than 25% of the length of the block. The hole 16 in question may be blind, but the embodiment of FIGS. 2a and 2b shows it opening onto the fourth face 12. Preferably, a flared portion similar to that indicated above is formed on the hole 16 towards its mouth on the fourth face. 12.

Figures 3a and 3b show a possibility that the holes 16 opening on the third face 7 are blind. Only some of the holes could be blind, the others being open. In these figures, the depth of the blind holes 16 is less than half the width "I" of the block 1, 2, 3, 4. In addition, additional holes 16 are formed from the fourth face 12 so here symmetrical. It is also advantageous to maintain a central zone of the block where the holes 16 are absent.

According to other possible features, Figures 4a and 4b show holes 16 having different sizes. In a general manner, but not limited to, the holes 16 are circular. In this context, FIGS. 4a and 4b have formed holes of different diameters with, for example, a doubling of diameter for at least one hole 16.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 5a and 5b, the holes 16 are of the same section but are organized in two rows with a shift along the depth dimension. Advantageously, none of the holes 16 is located vis-à-vis another hole 16 in the direction in height.

FIGS. 1 to 5b give examples of various possible but non-limiting aspects of blocks 1, 2, 3, 4. These aspects can be implemented in combination according to any association even if they are not illustrated or described previously in association . By way of example, and in particular in the case of the figurel, the holes 16 may have a diameter of 20 to 30 mm, preferably 25 mm, for block dimensions corresponding to the encrypted example given above.

In the case of Figure 6, a construction element has been split into two parts each having two blocks 1, 2 and 3, 4. The two pairs of blocks are superimposed so that the block 1 is located above the block 3 and the block 2 located above the block 4. With this configuration, alternating lines with the appearance of exploded stone from the faces 9 obtained at the dissociation of the block 1, 2, 3, 4 and smooth lines corresponding to the front 15 of block 1 or 4, depending on the height of the structure. The same method is reproduced to superimpose blocks 3, 4 and blocks 1, 2 again.

The modularity of the invention thus makes it possible to mount structures such as low walls, retaining walls, noise barriers or the like. In some cases, it is advantageous to reinforce the coherence of the structure and the volume of land it supports. For this purpose, the element may comprise, on at least one of the blocks 1, 2, 3, a recess made hollow on one and / or the other of the first face 5 and the second face 6. In the case of the figures, the notch is a groove parallel to the tongues 10 on the first face 5. The depth of the notch is for example between 10 and 30% of the height "h" of the equipped block. The latter is preferably at least one of the end blocks of the element, among the block 1 and the block 4. The notch is advantageously made more towards the end face of the end block 1, 4 than towards the 10. This allows the notch to cooperate with a stabilizing sheet including a cone grid called geogrid. It is thus a mesh surface, preferably a metal material or polymers such as polyester or rigid polypropylene. It is advantageously sufficiently rigid to have at rest a flat shape. The grid is such that it comprises a border at least partially rectilinear so as to allow insertion into the notch of the block 1, 4 considered. This edge, folded in the notch, retains the remainder of the grid which optionally also applies to the surface of the face 5 of the block located between the notch and the front face of the block. Figure 6 shows such an embodiment with two grids. It will be noted that the superposition of two blocks makes it possible to embed the grid in an interstitial space, with two supports generated by the blocks. The grid is thus retained in the notch and by the blocks. Its border can not get out of the notch. To prevent the thickness of the grid from producing a defect of insertion of the tongues in the grooves, the surface portion of the face equipped with the notch, located between the assembly means of the front face of the block, is advantageously following a plane in slight withdrawal relative to a base plane where the assembly means are located such as the tabs. Thus, at this level, the height of the block is a little smaller, preferably a value corresponding to the thickness of the grid. This height shift is, for example, visible in Figures 2b and 3b, and 4a and 5a.

The invention is not limited to the previously described embodiments but extends to all embodiments in accordance with his spirit.

REFERENCES

1. Block

2. Block

3. Block

4. Block

5. First face

6. Second face

7. Third face

8. Front face

9. Face after dissociation

10. Tab

1 1. Groove

12. Fourth face

14. Break zone

15. Front

16. Hole

17. First line

18. Second line

19. Conical portion

20. Central portion

21. Background

h. Height of a block

P- Depth of a block

Claims

1. Construction element comprising at least two blocks (1, 2, 3, 4), said blocks (1, 2, 3, 4) being configured in a depth dimension of the blocks (1, 2, 3, 4) and integral but dissociable at breakable connection areas, at least one of the building blocks (1, 2, 3, 4) being intended to cooperate in superposition with at least one other building block, each of the building blocks (1, 2, 3, 4) comprising, on a first face (5), male assembly means and, on a second face (6) opposite to the first face (5), complementary female assembly means of the assembly means males, characterized in that each block (1, 2, 3, 4) has at least three holes (16) formed from a third face (7) of the block (1, 2, 3, 4), the third face (7) being parallel to the dimension in depth and perpendicular to the first and second faces (5, 6), the three holes (16) being non-aligned.

2. Element according to the preceding claim wherein at least one of the holes (16) comprises a portion flared from its mouth on the third face (7), with a decreasing section towards the inside of the block.

3. Element according to the preceding claim wherein the flared portion is a conical portion (19).

4. Element according to one of the preceding claims wherein at least one of the holes (16) is opening on a fourth face (12) of the block (1, 2, 3, 4), said fourth face (12) being opposite to the third face (7).

5. Element according to the preceding claim in combination with one of claims 2 or 3 wherein at least one of the holes (16) comprises a portion flared from its mouth on the third face (7) followed by a portion of constant section itself followed by a flared portion of increasing section towards a mouth on the fourth face (12).

6. Element according to one of the preceding claims wherein at least two holes (16) have sections of different sizes.

7. Element according to one of the preceding claims wherein the holes

(16) have a circular section.

8. Element according to one of the preceding claims comprising two sets of holes (16) aligned along two lines (17, 18).

9. Element according to the preceding claim wherein the two lines (17, 18) are parallel to the dimension in depth.

10. Element according to one of the two preceding claims wherein each series of holes (16) has three holes.

1 1. Element according to the preceding claim wherein each of the three holes (16) of a series is aligned, in one dimension in height of the block, with one of the three holes (16) of the other series.

12. The element of claim 10 wherein the holes (16) of one series are offset from the holes (16) of the other series in the depth dimension.

13. Element according to one of the preceding claims wherein the surface of the mouth of the holes (16) on the third face (7) is less than 20% of the surface of the third face (7).

14. Element according to one of the preceding claims wherein at least one of the holes (16) is blind.

15. Element according to one of the preceding claims wherein the depth of the at least one blind hole is between 20 and 45% of the width of the block (1, 2, 3, 4).

Element according to one of the two preceding claims comprising at least three additional holes (16) formed from a fourth face (12) of the block (1, 2, 3, 4) opposite the third face (7). the at least three holes (16) being non-aligned.

17. Element according to the preceding claim wherein the additional holes (16) are symmetrical holes (16) opening on the third face (7) relative to a median plane of the block (1, 2, 3, 4) according to the dimension in depth.

18. A wall wall composition assembly comprising in superposition a plurality of blocks (1, 2, 3, 4) of a plurality of elements according to one of the preceding claims.

19. An assembly according to the preceding claim wherein at least one end block (1, 4) comprises, on one of the first face (5) and the second face (6) a notch, and wherein a grid is located between said block and a superimposed block so that a border of the grid is inserted into the notch and the grid extends beyond the front face of said block (1, 4), as opposed to assembly means.

20. An assembly according to the preceding claim wherein said block comprises, from the face of the first face (5) and the second face (6) of said block (1, 4), between the notch and the end face, a reduced height configured to receive the grid according to its thickness.