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EP3064764A1 - Microwave ignition plug for coupling microwave energy - Google Patents

Microwave ignition plug for coupling microwave energy Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3064764A1
EP3064764A1 EP15157298.9A EP15157298A EP3064764A1 EP 3064764 A1 EP3064764 A1 EP 3064764A1 EP 15157298 A EP15157298 A EP 15157298A EP 3064764 A1 EP3064764 A1 EP 3064764A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microwave
waveguide
spark plug
sectional geometry
frequency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15157298.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3064764B1 (en
Inventor
Armin Gallatz
Volker Gallatz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MWI MICRO WAVE IGNITION AG
Original Assignee
Mwi Micro Wave Ignition AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mwi Micro Wave Ignition AG filed Critical Mwi Micro Wave Ignition AG
Priority to EP15157298.9A priority Critical patent/EP3064764B1/en
Priority to US15/009,232 priority patent/US10557452B2/en
Priority to KR1020160023841A priority patent/KR20160107106A/en
Priority to MX2016002674A priority patent/MX357937B/en
Priority to JP2016040185A priority patent/JP2016186306A/en
Priority to CN201610122303.XA priority patent/CN105937475B/en
Publication of EP3064764A1 publication Critical patent/EP3064764A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3064764B1 publication Critical patent/EP3064764B1/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P23/00—Other ignition
    • F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
    • F02P23/045—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays using electromagnetic microwaves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B9/00—Engines characterised by other types of ignition
    • F02B9/06—Engines characterised by other types of ignition with non-timed positive ignition, e.g. with hot-spots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/02—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with invariable factor of coupling
    • H01P5/022—Transitions between lines of the same kind and shape, but with different dimensions
    • H01P5/024—Transitions between lines of the same kind and shape, but with different dimensions between hollow waveguides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/50—Sparking plugs having means for ionisation of gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
    • H05H1/461—Microwave discharges
    • H05H1/463—Microwave discharges using antennas or applicators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
    • F02B2023/085—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition using several spark plugs per cylinder

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a microwave spark plug for coupling microwave energy into a combustion chamber of an engine and to an internal combustion engine having at least one spark plug.
  • An internal combustion engine in which a fuel-air mixture is externally ignited by means of microwave radiation in order to drive a piston.
  • a microwave conductor is arranged in the cylinder head so that the microwave radiation from the microwave conductor passes into the combustion chamber via a ceramic lens, which terminates the microwave conductor in relation to the combustion chamber.
  • the microwave energy When generating a microwave ignition in the combustion chamber, it is of great importance to bring the microwave energy controlled into the combustion chamber.
  • the microwave energy must be brought via suitable waveguide in the vicinity of the motor housing and then coupled into the combustion chamber.
  • the conditions of the high-frequency technology in the waveguide must be observed and it must be ensured that the microwave energy is controlled, if possible without unintentional reflections and jumps in the wave modes is transmitted.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to propose a possibility with which the microwave energy can be coupled into existing engines.
  • the special feature is that in bores in the motor housing, for example in the cylinder head of a reciprocating internal combustion engine, this spark plug is easy to use.
  • a microwave spark plug can be introduced into a corresponding bore of a motor housing which is in communication with the combustion chamber, for example screwed by means of a thread.
  • the waveguide in the Mikrowellenzündkerze also has at the opposite end of the microwave window to a connecting element of a high-frequency supply line via which the microwave energy can be supplied with commercially available or special high-frequency connection elements.
  • the connecting element has a high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry, which is different from the effective high-frequency outlet cross-sectional geometry at the microwave-window-side end.
  • cross-sectional geometry is understood to mean that it can in principle be triangular, rectangular, round, oval or in any other way, wherein the outlet cross-sectional geometry differs from the inlet cross-sectional geometry.
  • the term "effective" is intended to express that this is the cross-sectional geometry of each site for the opening represents the exit of the microwave energy.
  • this cross-sectional geometry which is effective for the microwave energy, could deviate from the cross-sectional geometry at the end of the microwave spark plug, for example in the form that the housing is round, a rectangular microwave window rests, but nevertheless a round cross-sectional geometry is effective for the microwave energy because the cavity, the is completed by the microwave window, one is round.
  • the transition from the high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry at one end of the waveguide to the high-frequency exit cross-sectional geometry at the other end of the waveguide is continuous.
  • the transition from the high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry to the high-frequency outlet cross-sectional geometry is linear. This allows for easier production of the microwave spark plug.
  • the high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry is rectangular and the high-frequency outlet cross-sectional geometry is round or oval in order to realize a symmetrical coupling of the microwave energy into the combustion chamber.
  • a thread for screwing the Mikrowellenzündkerze in a surrounding the combustion chamber motor housing is particularly preferably located on the outer circumference of the housing. This particularly facilitates the replacement of the microwave spark plugs and allows the screwing of the microwave spark plugs into existing openings for conventional spark plugs. Therefore, the ratio of the outer diameter of the thread is particularly preferred to the diameter of the waveguide over the length of the thread in a range of 1.15 and 1.45.
  • the microwave window In order to couple the microwave energy into the combustion chamber as non-refracting as possible and without reflection, the microwave window consists of a high-purity ceramic material with a purity of> 99%, sapphire glass or quartz glass.
  • the microwave window is disc-shaped, wherein the waveguide facing side is flat and the combustion chamber facing side is flat or not-flat.
  • the combustion chamber facing side may be formed convex or concave, or a tip in the form of a cone or a multi-flax.
  • the window is glued to the end of the waveguide, pressed or shrunk in order to ensure a secure seal and ease of manufacture.
  • the thickness of the microwave window is at half the wavelength of the microwave, i. H. at about 3 mm to about 7 mm, preferably about 4.5 mm.
  • the thickness of the microwave window is half the wavelength or an integer multiple of half the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the waveguide. This improves the reflection properties and reduces the reflections.
  • the inner surface of the cavity or the waveguide is of course form as smooth as possible. The surface may therefore be coated with a noble metal or copper or of copper to improve the conductivity.
  • the microwave spark plug according to the invention can be used in all internal combustion engines, the reciprocating engines or rotary piston engines. Depending on the application, one or more such spark plugs can be arranged in the respective combustion chamber at a suitable location. In addition, projecting tips for local field enhancement and triggering of ignitions can also be arranged in the combustion chamber. With the embodiment of the microwave spark plug according to the invention, it is possible in a way the microwave energy coupled into a combustion chamber, without the changes to be made to the motor housing ideally.
  • FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B show the Mikrowellenzündkerze 1 with an elongated housing 2 on which a thread 3 is arranged for screwing into a corresponding bore in a motor.
  • the diameter of the microwave spark plug 1 with the thread 2 corresponds to the usual diameters for conventional spark plugs.
  • At one end of the housing 2 there is a flange 4 with holes 6 and a groove 5 for receiving a not shown in sealing ring 9 in this figure, to which a connecting line of a waveguide for transmitting the microwaves can be fastened.
  • the fixture requires tailor-made coverage of the mechanically connected / flanged waveguide internal geometry and the internal geometry of the MW spark plug.
  • any fasteners such as shape coded connectors and suitable quick fasteners are usable.
  • a ceramic disc 8 is arranged as a microwave window, which can be pressed, glued or shrunk.
  • FIG. 2 shows in FIG. 2A the frontal plan view of the flange 4 and the section line through the Mikrowellenzündkerze 1 along the line AA.
  • FIG. 2B shows the section through the Mikrowellenzündkerze 1 along the section line AA with an inserted into the groove 5 sealing ring 9 on the flange 4 and at the other end of the housing 2, the inserted ceramic disc 8.
  • Die FIGS. 2A and 2B show indicated the thread 3 and inside the housing a cavity 10 which serves as a waveguide for the microwave energy and the height of which increases linearly from the height of the opening 7 to a diameter of the ceramic disc 8 approaching height.
  • the diameter of the ceramic disc 8 is slightly larger in order to provide a stop 11 in the housing 2 for the ceramic disc 8.
  • FIG. 3 shows similar to in FIG. 2 in the FIG. 3A an end view of the flange with the section line BB, this time without the in FIG. 2 shown sealing ring.
  • FIG. 3B shows the longitudinal section through the Mikrowellenzündkerze 1, wherein in this illustration, the ceramic disc 8 is removed, so that an end-side opening 12 with the stop 11 in the housing 2 for receiving the ceramic disc 8 is visible.
  • the cavity 10 also increases in the embodiment of the width of the opening 7 linearly up to the stop 11, so that in the synopsis of FIGS. 2 and 3 at the stop 11 of the waveguide 10 on the microwave solid has a circular configuration.
  • the ceramic disc 8 Since the ceramic disc 8 is arranged in a recess with stop 11, it is larger than the effective cross section of the exit geometry in the waveguide 10 just before the stop 11. Theoretically, the ceramic disc 8 could also have a completely different shape than the outlet cross section of the Holleiters 10, which is round in the embodiments.
  • FIG. 4 shows the schematic sectional view of a cylinder 13 of a piston engine with a cylinder head 14, a piston 19 and one of a plurality of openings existing inlet area 15.
  • the outlet from the piston 19 is not shown and can be done in any known conventional manner.
  • two holes 17 are provided, in each of which a Mikrowellenzündkerze 1 is screwed to use the microwave energy through the microwave window 8 in a combustion chamber 18. It is useful in certain engine operating ranges to couple microwave energy of the same frequency and the same phase angle. Likewise, in other engine modes, frequency deviation and phase shift are required. Therefore, it may be necessary to use different internal geometries of the microwave spark plugs.
  • a reciprocating engine is shown by way of example, wherein the spark plug can of course also be used in a rotary piston engine.
  • the use of the Mikrowellenzündkerze for coupling the microwave energy can thus be carried out in all engine types in which an ignition in the combustion chamber by microwave energy is desired.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)

Abstract

Mikrowellenzündkerze (1) zum Einkoppeln von Mikrowellenenergie in einen Brennraum (18) eines Motors, wobei ein längliches Gehäuse (2) mit einem im Inneren einen Hohlleiter bildenden länglichen Hohlraum (10) und an einem Ende des Hohlraumes (10) angeordnetes Mikrowellenfenster (8), das den Hohlleiter (10) gegenüber dem Brennraum (18) abschließt, wobei der Hohleiter (10) an dem dem Mikrowellenfenster (8) gegenüberliegenden anderen Ende ein Anschlusselement (4) für eine Hochfrequenz-Zuführleitung aufweist, das Anschlusselement (4) eine Hochfrequenz-Eintrittsquerschnittsgeometrie (7) aufweist, die zu einer wirksamen Hoch-frequenz-Austrittsquerschnittsgeometrie am mikrowellenseitigen Fenster verschieden ist, und der Übergang von der Hochfrequenz-Eintrittsquerschnittsgeometrie am einen Ende des Hohlleiters (10) zu der Hochfrequenz-Austrittsquerschnittsgeometrie am anderen Ende des Hohlleiters stetig verläuft. Die Mikrowellenzündkerze kann in herkömmliche Bohrungen für Zündkerzen eingeschraubt werden und erlaubt die sichere Einkopplung von Mikrowellenenergie in einen Brennraum eines Verbrennungsmotores.A microwave spark plug (1) for injecting microwave energy into a combustion chamber (18) of an engine, comprising an elongate housing (2) having an elongated cavity (10) forming a waveguide therein and a microwave window (8) disposed at one end of the cavity (10). , which terminates the waveguide (10) with respect to the combustion chamber (18), wherein the waveguide (10) at the opposite end of the microwave window (8) has a connection element (4) for a high frequency supply line, the connection element (4) a high frequency Inlet cross-sectional geometry (7), which is different to an effective high-frequency exit cross-sectional geometry on the microwave side window, and the transition from the high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry at one end of the waveguide (10) to the high-frequency exit cross-sectional geometry at the other end of the waveguide is continuous , The microwave spark plug can be screwed into conventional holes for spark plugs and allows the safe coupling of microwave energy into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Mikrowellenzündkerze zum Einkoppeln von Mikrowellenenergie in einen Brennraum eines Motors sowie ein Verbrennungsmotor mit mindestens einer Zündkerze.The present invention relates to a microwave spark plug for coupling microwave energy into a combustion chamber of an engine and to an internal combustion engine having at least one spark plug.

Aus der DE 10 2009 016 665 A1 ist ein Verbrennungsmotor bekannt, in dem ein Kraftstoff-Luftgemisch mittels Mikrowellenstrahlung fremdgezündet wird, um einen Kolben anzutreiben. Im Zylinderkopf ist eine Mikrowellenleiter angeordnet, so dass die Mikrowellenstrahlung vom Mikrowellenleiter über eine Keramiklinse, die den Mikrowellenleiter gegenüber dem Brennraum abschließt, in den Brennraum gelangt.From the DE 10 2009 016 665 A1 An internal combustion engine is known in which a fuel-air mixture is externally ignited by means of microwave radiation in order to drive a piston. A microwave conductor is arranged in the cylinder head so that the microwave radiation from the microwave conductor passes into the combustion chamber via a ceramic lens, which terminates the microwave conductor in relation to the combustion chamber.

Bei der Erzeugung einer Mikrowellenzündung im Brennraum ist es von großer Wichtigkeit, die Mikrowellenenergie kontrolliert in den Brennraum zu bringen. Hierzu muss die Mikrowellenenergie über geeignete Hohlleiter in die Nähe des Motorgehäuses gebracht und dann in den Brennraum eingekoppelt werden. Dabei sind die Bedingungen der Hochfrequenztechnik bei der Wellenleitung zu beachten und es muss sichergestellt sein, dass die Mikrowellenenergie kontrolliert, möglichst ohne unbeabsichtigte Reflektionen und Sprüngen in den Wellenmoden übertragen wird. Gleichzeitig sollte es auch möglich sein, ohne zu große Aufwendungen zu stehende Motoren an eine Mikrowellenenergiequelle anzuschließen.When generating a microwave ignition in the combustion chamber, it is of great importance to bring the microwave energy controlled into the combustion chamber. For this purpose, the microwave energy must be brought via suitable waveguide in the vicinity of the motor housing and then coupled into the combustion chamber. The conditions of the high-frequency technology in the waveguide must be observed and it must be ensured that the microwave energy is controlled, if possible without unintentional reflections and jumps in the wave modes is transmitted. At the same time, it should also be possible to connect motors to a source of microwave energy without incurring too much expense.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Möglichkeit vorzuschlagen, mit der die Mikrowellenenergie in bestehende Motoren eingekoppelt werden kann.The present invention is therefore based on the object to propose a possibility with which the microwave energy can be coupled into existing engines.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Mikrowellenzündkerze mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen. Die Aufgabe wird außerdem gelöst durch einen Verbrennungsmotor mit der erfindungsgemäßen Mikrowellenzündkerze.This object is achieved by a microwave spark plug with the features of claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments can be found in the dependent claims. The object is also achieved by an internal combustion engine with the microwave spark plug according to the invention.

Die Besonderheit besteht darin, dass in Bohrungen in dem Motorgehäuse, beispielsweise im Zylinderkopf eines Hubkolbenverbrennungsmotors, diese Zündkerze einfach einsetzbar ist. Hierzu weist die Mikrowellenzündkerze ein längliches Gehäuse auf, das im Inneren einen, einen Hohlleiter bildenden länglichen konischen Hohlraum und an einem Ende des Hohlraumes ein Mikrowellenfenster, das den Hohlleiter gegenüber dem Brennraum abschließt, enthält. Eine derartige Mikrowellenzündkerze kann in eine entsprechende Bohrung eines Motorgehäuses, die mit dem Brennraum in Verbindung steht, eingebracht, beispielsweise mittels eines Gewindes eingeschraubt, werden. Der Hohlleiter in der Mikrowellenzündkerze weist außerdem an dem dem Mikrowellenfenster gegenüberliegenden anderen Ende ein Anschlusselement einer Hochfrequenz-Zuführleitung auf, über das mit handelsüblichen oder speziellen Hochfrequenzanschlusselementen die Mikrowellenenergie zugeführt werden kann. Dabei weist das Anschlusselement eine Hochfrequenz-Eintrittsquerschnittsgeometrie auf, die zu der wirksamen Hochfrequenz-Austrittsquerschnittsgeometrie am mikrowellenfensterseitigen Ende verschieden ist. Unter Querschnittsgeometrie wird in diesem Zusammenhang verstanden, dass diese grundsätzlich dreieckförmig, rechteckförmig, rund, oval oder in einer sonstigen Art und Weise gestaltet sein kann, wobei die Austrittsquerschnittsgeometrie sich von der Eintrittsquerschnittsgeometrie unterscheidet. Mit dem Begriff wirksam soll zum Ausdruck gebracht werden, dass es sich hierbei um die Querschnittsgeometrie handelt, die der jeweiligen Stelle für die Öffnung für den Austritt der Mikrowellenenergie darstellt. Konstruktiv bedingt könnte diese für die Mikrowellenenergie wirksame Querschnittsgeometrie von der Querschnittsgeometrie am Ende der Mikrowellenzündkerze abweichen, beispielsweise in der Form, dass das Gehäuse rund ist, ein eckiges Mikrowellenfenster einliegt, aber für die Mikrowellenenergie trotzdem eine runde Querschnittsgeometrie wirksam ist, weil der Hohlraum, der durch das Mikrowellenfenster abgeschlossen wird, eine rund ist. Der Übergang von der Hochfrequenz-Eintrittsquerschnittsgeometrie am einen Ende des Hohlleiters zu der Hochfrequenzaustrittsquerschnittsgeometrie am anderen Ende des Hohlleiters verläuft stetig. Dies hat den besonderen Vorteil für die Übertragung der Mikrowellenenergie, dass dadurch keine Modensprünge erfolgen und gleichzeitig bei der Einkopplung in den Brennraum eine gewünschte Querschnittsgeometrie bereitgestellt werden kann, die sich in technischer Hinsicht gut gegen den Brennraum abdichten lässt und darüber hinaus auch die Optimierung des Eintritts der Mikrowellenenergie in den Brennraum ermöglicht.The special feature is that in bores in the motor housing, for example in the cylinder head of a reciprocating internal combustion engine, this spark plug is easy to use. For this purpose, the Mikrowellenzündkerze on an elongate housing, which contains a, forming a waveguide elongated conical cavity in the interior and at one end of the cavity, a microwave window, which closes the waveguide with respect to the combustion chamber. Such a microwave spark plug can be introduced into a corresponding bore of a motor housing which is in communication with the combustion chamber, for example screwed by means of a thread. The waveguide in the Mikrowellenzündkerze also has at the opposite end of the microwave window to a connecting element of a high-frequency supply line via which the microwave energy can be supplied with commercially available or special high-frequency connection elements. In this case, the connecting element has a high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry, which is different from the effective high-frequency outlet cross-sectional geometry at the microwave-window-side end. In this context, cross-sectional geometry is understood to mean that it can in principle be triangular, rectangular, round, oval or in any other way, wherein the outlet cross-sectional geometry differs from the inlet cross-sectional geometry. The term "effective" is intended to express that this is the cross-sectional geometry of each site for the opening represents the exit of the microwave energy. Due to its design, this cross-sectional geometry, which is effective for the microwave energy, could deviate from the cross-sectional geometry at the end of the microwave spark plug, for example in the form that the housing is round, a rectangular microwave window rests, but nevertheless a round cross-sectional geometry is effective for the microwave energy because the cavity, the is completed by the microwave window, one is round. The transition from the high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry at one end of the waveguide to the high-frequency exit cross-sectional geometry at the other end of the waveguide is continuous. This has the particular advantage for the transmission of the microwave energy, that thereby no mode jumps occur and at the same time when coupling into the combustion chamber, a desired cross-sectional geometry can be provided, which can be sealed well against the combustion chamber in technical terms and beyond the optimization of the entrance allows the microwave energy in the combustion chamber.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausbildung der Erfindung verläuft der Übergang von der Hochfrequenz-Eintrittsquerschnittsgeometrie zu der Hochfrequenz-Austrittsquerschnittsgeometrie linear. Dies ermöglicht eine einfachere Fertigung der Mikrowellenzündkerze.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the transition from the high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry to the high-frequency outlet cross-sectional geometry is linear. This allows for easier production of the microwave spark plug.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausbildung ist die Hochfrequenz-Eintrittsquerschnittsgeometrie rechteckig und die Hochfrequenz-Austrittsquerschnittsgeometrie rund oder oval, um eine symmetrische Einkopplung der Mikrowellenenergie in den Brennraum zu realisieren.According to a further embodiment, the high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry is rectangular and the high-frequency outlet cross-sectional geometry is round or oval in order to realize a symmetrical coupling of the microwave energy into the combustion chamber.

Besonders bevorzugt befindet sich am Außenumfang des Gehäuses ein Gewinde zum Einschrauben der Mikrowellenzündkerze in ein dem Brennraum umgebendes Motorgehäuse. Dies erleichtert in besonderer Art und Weise das Auswechseln der Mikrowellenzündkerzen und ermöglicht das Eindrehen der Mikrowellenzündkerzen in bestehende Öffnungen für herkömmliche Zündkerzen. Besonders bevorzugt liegt daher das Verhältnis des Außendurchmessers des Gewindes zum Durchmesser des Hohlleiters über die Länge des Gewindes in einem Bereich von 1,15 und 1,45.Particularly preferably located on the outer circumference of the housing is a thread for screwing the Mikrowellenzündkerze in a surrounding the combustion chamber motor housing. This particularly facilitates the replacement of the microwave spark plugs and allows the screwing of the microwave spark plugs into existing openings for conventional spark plugs. Therefore, the ratio of the outer diameter of the thread is particularly preferred to the diameter of the waveguide over the length of the thread in a range of 1.15 and 1.45.

Um möglichst brechungsfrei und reflexionsfrei die Mikrowellenenergie in den Brennraum einzukoppeln besteht das Mikrowellenfenster aus einem hochreinen Keramikmaterial mit einer Reinheit von > 99 %, Saphirglas oder Quarzglas.In order to couple the microwave energy into the combustion chamber as non-refracting as possible and without reflection, the microwave window consists of a high-purity ceramic material with a purity of> 99%, sapphire glass or quartz glass.

Vorzugsweise ist das Mikrowellenfenster scheibenförmig ausgebildet, wobei die dem Hohlleiter zugewandte Seite eben und die dem Brennraum zugewandte Seite eben oder nicht-eben ausgebildet ist. Die dem Brennraum zugewandte Seite kann konvex oder konkav ausgebildet sein, oder eine Spitze in Form eines Kegels oder eines Vielflachs. Zweckmäßigerweise ist das Fenster am Ende des Hohlleiters eingeklebt, eingepresst oder eingeschrumpft, um damit eine sichere Abdichtung und einfache Herstellung zu gewährleisten.Preferably, the microwave window is disc-shaped, wherein the waveguide facing side is flat and the combustion chamber facing side is flat or not-flat. The combustion chamber facing side may be formed convex or concave, or a tip in the form of a cone or a multi-flax. Conveniently, the window is glued to the end of the waveguide, pressed or shrunk in order to ensure a secure seal and ease of manufacture.

Vorteilhafterweise liegt die Dicke des Mikrowellenfensters bei der halben Wellenlänge der Mikrowelle, d. h. bei ca. 3 mm bis ca. 7 mm, bevorzugt ca. 4,5 mm.Advantageously, the thickness of the microwave window is at half the wavelength of the microwave, i. H. at about 3 mm to about 7 mm, preferably about 4.5 mm.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausbildung beträgt die Dicke des Mikrowellenfensters die halbe Wellenlänge oder ein ganzzahliges Vielfaches der halben Wellenlänge der durch den Hohlleiter übertragenen elektromagnetischen Welle. Dies verbessert die Reflexionseigenschaften und reduziert die Rückflexionen. Die Innenoberfläche des Hohlraumes bzw. des Hohlleiters ist selbstverständlich möglichst glatt auszubilden. Die Oberfläche kann daher mit einem Edelmetall oder Kupfer beschichtet oder aus Kupfer sein, um die Leitfähigkeit zu verbessern.According to a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the microwave window is half the wavelength or an integer multiple of half the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the waveguide. This improves the reflection properties and reduces the reflections. The inner surface of the cavity or the waveguide is of course form as smooth as possible. The surface may therefore be coated with a noble metal or copper or of copper to improve the conductivity.

Die erfindungsgemäße Mikrowellenzündkerze kann bei allen Verbrennungsmotoren die Hubkolbenmotoren oder Rotationskolbenmotoren eingesetzt werden. Je nach Anwendungsfall können eine oder mehrere derartige Zündkerzen in den jeweiligen Brennraum an geeigneter Stelle angeordnet sein. Zusätzlich können in dem Brennraum auch hineinragende Spitzen zur lokalen Feldüberhöhung und Auslösung von Zündungen angeordnet sein. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung der Mikrowellenzündkerze ist es möglich, auf eine Art und Weise die Mikrowellenenergie in ein Brennraum einzukoppeln, ohne das im Idealfall an dem Motorgehäuse Änderungen vorgenommen werden müssen.The microwave spark plug according to the invention can be used in all internal combustion engines, the reciprocating engines or rotary piston engines. Depending on the application, one or more such spark plugs can be arranged in the respective combustion chamber at a suitable location. In addition, projecting tips for local field enhancement and triggering of ignitions can also be arranged in the combustion chamber. With the embodiment of the microwave spark plug according to the invention, it is possible in a way the microwave energy coupled into a combustion chamber, without the changes to be made to the motor housing ideally.

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung in Verbindung mit den Zeichnungen und den Ansprüchen. Die einzelnen Merkmale können je für sich oder zu mehreren Ausführungsformen der Erfindung verwirklicht sein. Es stellen dar:

Figur 1
die perspektivische Ansicht auf eine Mikrowellenzündkerze, auf einen Flansch (Figur 1A) und ein Mikrowellenfenster (Figur 1B);
Figur 2
eine Stirnansicht (Figur 2A) und einen Längsschnitt (Figur 2B) durch die Mikrowellenzündkerze entlang der Linie A-A;
Figur 3
eine Stirnansicht (Figur 3A) und einen Längsschnitt (Figur 3B) entlang der Linie B-B durch die Mikrowellenzündkerze, die gegenüber der Ansicht in Figur 2 um 90° gedreht ist; und
Figur 4
beispielhaft ein Zylinderkopf eines Hub-Kolbenverbrennungsmotors mit einer Mikrowellenzündkerze.
Further features of the invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the drawings and the claims. The individual features can each be implemented individually or in several embodiments of the invention. They show:
FIG. 1
the perspective view of a microwave spark plug, on a flange ( Figure 1A ) and a microwave window ( FIG. 1B );
FIG. 2
an end view ( FIG. 2A ) and a longitudinal section ( FIG. 2B through the microwave spark plug along the line AA;
FIG. 3
an end view ( FIG. 3A ) and a longitudinal section ( FIG. 3B ) along the line BB through the microwave spark plug, which is opposite to the view in FIG FIG. 2 rotated by 90 °; and
FIG. 4
For example, a cylinder head of a reciprocating internal combustion engine with a Mikrowellenzündkerze.

Die perspektivischen Ansichten der Figur 1A und Figur 1B zeigen die Mikrowellenzündkerze 1 mit einem länglichen Gehäuse 2 auf dem ein Gewinde 3 zum Einschrauben in eine entsprechende Bohrung in einem Motor angeordnet ist. Der Durchmesser der Mikrowellenzündkerze 1 mit dem Gewinde 2 entspricht den gängigen Durchmessern für herkömmliche Zündkerzen. An einem Ende des Gehäuses 2 befindet sich ein Flansch 4 mit Bohrungen 6 und einer Nut 5 zur Aufnahme eines in Dichtungsringes in dieser Figur nicht gezeigten 9, an den eine Anschlussleitung eines Hohlleiters zur Übertragung der Mikrowellen befestigbar ist. Die Befestigung benötigt eine passgenaue Deckung der mechanisch verbunden/angeflanschten Hohlleiterinnengeometrie und der Innengeometrie der MW-Zündkerze. Deshalb sind jegliche Befestigungen wie formcodierte Steckverbinder und geeignete Schnellverschlüsse verwendbar. In dem Flansch befindet sich eine rechteckige Öffnung 7 zum Einkoppeln der Mikrowellenenergie. Am anderen Ende des länglichen Gehäuses 2, wie in Figur 1B ersichtlich, ist eine Keramikscheibe 8 als Mikrowellenfenster angeordnet, die eingepresst, eingeklebt oder eingeschrumpft sein kann.The perspective views of FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B show the Mikrowellenzündkerze 1 with an elongated housing 2 on which a thread 3 is arranged for screwing into a corresponding bore in a motor. The diameter of the microwave spark plug 1 with the thread 2 corresponds to the usual diameters for conventional spark plugs. At one end of the housing 2 there is a flange 4 with holes 6 and a groove 5 for receiving a not shown in sealing ring 9 in this figure, to which a connecting line of a waveguide for transmitting the microwaves can be fastened. The fixture requires tailor-made coverage of the mechanically connected / flanged waveguide internal geometry and the internal geometry of the MW spark plug. Therefore, any fasteners such as shape coded connectors and suitable quick fasteners are usable. There is a flange in the flange rectangular opening 7 for coupling the microwave energy. At the other end of the elongated housing 2, as in FIG. 1B can be seen, a ceramic disc 8 is arranged as a microwave window, which can be pressed, glued or shrunk.

Figur 2 zeigt in Figur 2A die stirnseitige Draufsicht auf den Flansch 4 und die Schnittlinie durch die Mikrowellenzündkerze 1 entlang der Linie A-A. Figur 2B zeigt den Schnitt durch die Mikrowellenzündkerze 1 entlang der Schnittlinie A-A mit einem in die Nut 5 eingelegten Dichtungsring 9 am Flansch 4 und am anderen Ende des Gehäuses 2 die eingesetzte Keramikscheibe 8. Die Figur 2A und 2B zeigen angedeutet das Gewinde 3 und im inneren des Gehäuses einen Hohlraum 10, der als Hohlleiter für die Mikrowellenenergie dient und dessen Höhe sich von der Höhe der Öffnung 7 bis auf eine dem Durchmesser der Keramikscheibe 8 annähernden Höhe linear vergrößert. Der Durchmesser der Keramikscheibe 8 ist geringfügig größer, um einen Anschlag 11 in dem Gehäuse 2 für die Keramikscheibe 8 bereit zu stellen. FIG. 2 shows in FIG. 2A the frontal plan view of the flange 4 and the section line through the Mikrowellenzündkerze 1 along the line AA. FIG. 2B shows the section through the Mikrowellenzündkerze 1 along the section line AA with an inserted into the groove 5 sealing ring 9 on the flange 4 and at the other end of the housing 2, the inserted ceramic disc 8. Die FIGS. 2A and 2B show indicated the thread 3 and inside the housing a cavity 10 which serves as a waveguide for the microwave energy and the height of which increases linearly from the height of the opening 7 to a diameter of the ceramic disc 8 approaching height. The diameter of the ceramic disc 8 is slightly larger in order to provide a stop 11 in the housing 2 for the ceramic disc 8.

Figur 3 zeigt ähnlich wie in Figur 2 in der Figur 3A eine Stirnansicht auf den Flansch mit der Schnittlinie B-B, diesmal ohne den in Figur 2 gezeigten Dichtungsring 9. Figur 3B zeigt den Längsschnitt durch die Mikrowellenzündkerze 1, wobei in dieser Darstellung auch die Keramikscheibe 8 entfernt ist, so dass eine stirnseitige Öffnung 12 mit dem Anschlag 11 in dem Gehäuse 2 für die Aufnahme der Keramikscheibe 8 sichtbar ist. Der Hohlraum 10 vergrößert sich in dem Ausführungsbeispiel ebenfalls von der Breite der Öffnung 7 linear bis zu dem Anschlag 11, so dass in der Zusammenschau der Figuren 2 und 3 am Anschlag 11 der Hohlleiter 10 an dem Mikrowellenfester eine kreisrunde Ausgestaltung hat. FIG. 3 shows similar to in FIG. 2 in the FIG. 3A an end view of the flange with the section line BB, this time without the in FIG. 2 shown sealing ring. 9 FIG. 3B shows the longitudinal section through the Mikrowellenzündkerze 1, wherein in this illustration, the ceramic disc 8 is removed, so that an end-side opening 12 with the stop 11 in the housing 2 for receiving the ceramic disc 8 is visible. The cavity 10 also increases in the embodiment of the width of the opening 7 linearly up to the stop 11, so that in the synopsis of FIGS. 2 and 3 at the stop 11 of the waveguide 10 on the microwave solid has a circular configuration.

Da die Keramikscheibe 8 in einer Ausnehmung mit Anschlag 11 angeordnet ist, ist sie größer als der wirksame Querschnitt der Austrittsgeometrie in dem Hohlleiter 10 kurz vor dem Anschlag 11. Theoretisch könnte die Keramikscheibe 8 auch eine ganz andere Form aufweisen als der Austrittsquerschnitt des Holleiters 10, der in den Ausführungsbeispielen rund ist.Since the ceramic disc 8 is arranged in a recess with stop 11, it is larger than the effective cross section of the exit geometry in the waveguide 10 just before the stop 11. Theoretically, the ceramic disc 8 could also have a completely different shape than the outlet cross section of the Holleiters 10, which is round in the embodiments.

Figur 4 zeigt die schematische Ausschnittsdarstellung eines Zylinders 13 eines Kolbenmotors mit einem Zylinderkopf 14, einem Kolben 19 sowie einen aus einer Vielzahl von Öffnungen bestehenden Einlassbereich 15. Der Auslass aus dem Kolben 19 ist nicht dargestellt und kann in jeder bekannten üblichen Art erfolgen. In dem Zylinderkopf sind zwei Bohrungen 17 vorgesehen, in denen jeweils eine Mikrowellenzündkerze 1 eingeschraubt ist, um die Mikrowellenenergie über das Mikrowellenfenster 8 in einen Brennraum 18 einzusetzen. Es ist im bestimmten Motorbetriebsbereiche sinnvoll Mikrowellenenergie gleicher Frequenz und gleicher Phasenlage einzukoppeln. Genauso ist in anderen Motorbetriebsarten eine Frequenzabweichung und eine Phasenverschiebung erforderlich. Deshalb kann es notwendig sein, unterschiedliche Innengeometrieen der Mikrowellenzündkerzen zu verwenden. In dem Ausführungsbeispiel ist exemplarisch ein Hubkolbenmotor dargestellt, wobei die Zündkerze selbstverständlich auch bei einem Rotationskolbenmotor verwendet werden kann. Der Einsatz der Mikrowellenzündkerze zur Einkopplung der Mikrowellenergie kann somit bei allen Motorentypen erfolgen, bei denen eine Zündung im Brennraum durch Mikrowellenenergie erwünscht ist. FIG. 4 shows the schematic sectional view of a cylinder 13 of a piston engine with a cylinder head 14, a piston 19 and one of a plurality of openings existing inlet area 15. The outlet from the piston 19 is not shown and can be done in any known conventional manner. In the cylinder head, two holes 17 are provided, in each of which a Mikrowellenzündkerze 1 is screwed to use the microwave energy through the microwave window 8 in a combustion chamber 18. It is useful in certain engine operating ranges to couple microwave energy of the same frequency and the same phase angle. Likewise, in other engine modes, frequency deviation and phase shift are required. Therefore, it may be necessary to use different internal geometries of the microwave spark plugs. In the exemplary embodiment, a reciprocating engine is shown by way of example, wherein the spark plug can of course also be used in a rotary piston engine. The use of the Mikrowellenzündkerze for coupling the microwave energy can thus be carried out in all engine types in which an ignition in the combustion chamber by microwave energy is desired.

Claims (11)

Mikrowellenzündkerze (1) zum Einkoppeln von Mikrowellenenergie in einen Brennraum (18) eines Motors, gekennzeichnet durch ein längliches Gehäuse (2) mit einem im Inneren einen Hohlleiter bildenden länglichen Hohlraum (10) und an einem Ende des Hohlraumes (10) angeordnetes Mikrowellenfenster (8), das den Hohlleiter (10) gegenüber dem Brennraum (18) abschließt, wobei
der Hohleiter (10) an dem dem Mikrowellenfenster (8) gegenüberliegenden anderen Ende ein Anschlusselement (4) für eine Hochfrequenz-Zuführleitung aufweist,
das Anschlusselement (4) eine Hochfrequenz-Eintrittsquerschnittsgeometrie (7) aufweist, die zu einer Hochfrequenz-Austrittsquerschnittsgeometrie am mikrowellenseitigen Fenster verschieden ist, und
der Übergang von der Hochfrequenz-Eintrittsquerschnittsgeometrie am einen Ende des Hohlleiters (10) zu der Hochfrequenz-Austrittsquerschnittsgeometrie am anderen Ende des Hohlleiters stetig verläuft.A microwave spark plug (1) for coupling microwave energy into a combustion chamber (18) of an engine, characterized by an elongate housing (2) having an elongate cavity (10) forming a waveguide inside and a microwave window (8) disposed at one end of the cavity (10) ), which terminates the waveguide (10) with respect to the combustion chamber (18), wherein
the waveguide (10) has a connection element (4) for a high-frequency supply line at the other end opposite the microwave window (8),
the connection element (4) has a high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry (7) which is different from a high-frequency outlet cross-sectional geometry at the microwave-side window, and
the transition from the high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry at one end of the waveguide (10) to the high-frequency outlet cross-sectional geometry at the other end of the waveguide is continuous. Mikrowellenzündkerzen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Übergang von der Hochfrequenz-Eintrittsquerschnittsgeometrie zu der Hochfrequenz-Austrittsquerschnittsgeometrie linear verläuft.Microwaves spark plug according to claim 1, characterized in that the transition from the high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry to the high-frequency outlet cross-sectional geometry is linear. Mikrowellenzündkerze nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hochfrequenz-Eintrittsquerschnittsgeometrie rechteckige und die Hochfrequenz-Austrittsquerschnittsgeometrie rund oder oval ist.Microwave spark plug according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry is rectangular and the high-frequency outlet cross-sectional geometry is round or oval. Mikrowellenzündkerze nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass am Außenumfang des Gehäuses (2) ein Gewinde (3) zum Einschrauben in einen den Brennraum (18) umgebendes Motorgehäuse angeordnet ist.Microwave spark plug according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a thread (3) for screwing into a combustion chamber (18) surrounding the motor housing is arranged on the outer circumference of the housing (2). Mikrowellenzündkerze nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verhältnis des Außendurchmessers des Gewindes (3) zum Durchmesser des Hohlleiters (10) über die Länge des Gewindes (3) in einem Bereich von 1,15 bis 1,45 liegt.A microwave spark plug according to claim 4, characterized in that the ratio of the outer diameter of the thread (3) to the diameter of the waveguide (10) over the length of the thread (3) in a range of 1.15 to 1.45. Mikrowellenzündkerze nach einem der vorangegangen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Innenwandoberfläche des Hohlleiters (10) aus einem die elektrische Leitfähigkeit begünstigenden Material, beispielsweise Kupfer oder einem Edelmetall, besteht.Microwave spark plug according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner wall surface of the waveguide (10) consists of a material which promotes electrical conductivity, for example copper or a noble metal. Mikrowellenzündkerze nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Mikrowellenfenster aus hochreinem Keramikmaterial mit einer Reinheit > 99 %, Saphirglas oder Quarzglas besteht.Microwave spark plug according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the microwave window consists of highly pure ceramic material with a purity of> 99%, sapphire glass or quartz glass. Mikrowellenzündkerze nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Mikrowellenfenster scheibenförmig ausgebildet ist, wobei die dem Hohlleiter (10) zugewandte Seite eben und die dem Brennraum zugewandte Seite eben oder nicht-eben ausgebildet ist.Microwave spark plug according to claim 7, characterized in that the microwave window is disc-shaped, wherein the waveguide (10) side facing and the combustion chamber facing side is flat or not-flat. Mikrowellenzündkerze nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Mikrowellenfenster am Ende des Hohlleiters (10) in das Gehäuse (2) eingeklebt, eingepresst oder eingeschrumpft ist.Microwave spark plug according to claim 8, characterized in that the microwave window at the end of the waveguide (10) in the housing (2) glued, pressed or shrunk. Mikrowellenzündkerze nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dicke des Mikrowellenfensters (8) die halbe Wellenlänge oder ein ganzzahliges Vielfaches der halben Wellenlänge der durch den Hohlleiter übertragenen elektromagnetischen Welle beträgt.Microwave spark plug according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the microwave window (8) is half the wavelength or an integer multiple of half the wavelength of the transmitted through the waveguide electromagnetic wave. Verbrennungsmotor mit mindestens einer Bohrung (17) zum Einschrauben einer Zündkerze mit wenigstens einem Brennraum (18) mit mindestens einem Einlass- und einem Auslassventil (15; 16), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der mindestens einen Bohrung (17) eine Mikrowellenzündkerze (1) nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche 1 bis 10 angeordnet ist.Internal combustion engine having at least one bore (17) for screwing in a spark plug having at least one combustion chamber (18) with at least one inlet and one outlet valve (15; 16), characterized in that in the at least one bore (17) a microwave spark plug (1) is arranged according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 10.
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US15/009,232 US10557452B2 (en) 2015-03-03 2016-01-28 Microwave spark plug for injecting microwave energy
KR1020160023841A KR20160107106A (en) 2015-03-03 2016-02-29 Microwave spark plug for injecting microwave energy
MX2016002674A MX357937B (en) 2015-03-03 2016-02-29 Microwave spark plug for injecting microwave energy.
JP2016040185A JP2016186306A (en) 2015-03-03 2016-03-02 Microwave spark plug for microwave energy injection
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