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EP3059746A1 - Transformateur à enroulements de feuille ferromagnétique - Google Patents

Transformateur à enroulements de feuille ferromagnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3059746A1
EP3059746A1 EP15155875.6A EP15155875A EP3059746A1 EP 3059746 A1 EP3059746 A1 EP 3059746A1 EP 15155875 A EP15155875 A EP 15155875A EP 3059746 A1 EP3059746 A1 EP 3059746A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
windings
insulation
layers
ferromagnetic
thickness
Prior art date
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Withdrawn
Application number
EP15155875.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Vladimir V. Kazakov
Oleg V. Kazakov
Khamis M. Makhianov
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Priority to EP15155875.6A priority Critical patent/EP3059746A1/fr
Publication of EP3059746A1 publication Critical patent/EP3059746A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F27/323—Insulation between winding turns, between winding layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/25—Magnetic cores made from strips or ribbons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2847—Sheets; Strips
    • H01F2027/2857—Coil formed from wound foil conductor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to electrical engineering, and namely to electromagnetic transformers.
  • a sequence of structure re-buildings of the magnetic hierarchical groupings of conductivity electrons is derived in a certain value range from the external magnetizing field, and consists of groupings types, each of which is stable along a very short segment of this range, and while other influences on the material are constant (i.e. the Barkhausen steps), which are described by densely populated energy levels of the conductivity electrons at such states of the material.
  • the adjacent states differ in a small portion of the transition energy (see Reference [11]).
  • This energy difference between such conditionally stable states decreases and the their number becomes greater depending on the choice of material with a greater ratio of large dimensions of the magnetic groups of the conductivity electrons or by creating the conditions to increase their average dimensions (see Reference [10]).
  • the increase of quantitative domination of the large magnetic associations of conductivity electrons increases the material's permeability, which material due to these associations converts into ferromagnetic.
  • ferromagnets a material sensitive to slight changes in the composition and forms of associations of conductivity electrons under small increments of the electric and magnetic fields in a range of technologically applicable changes for these fields.
  • the obtained ferromagnetic property may also be modified by changing the external electric field.
  • the following properties of the material may be changed: permeability, maximum magnetization, and parameters of the hysteresis loop of magnetization of the material.
  • ferromagnetic metals Since, in ferromagnetic metals, a tight sequence of the switchable hierarchical magnetic groupings of the conductivity electrons spontaneously (independently from the external influences) arises, it has a low elastic coefficient in relation to influences of not only an electrical but also a magnetic field. Thus, ferromagnetic metals are materials with a high sensitivity to the action of these fields in comparison with other metals.
  • the adjustment ranges of anisotropic magnetic parameters of ferromagnetic material through the action of these external fields, i.e. of the saturation induction, magnetic permeability and the shape of hysteresis loop of magnetization
  • the method allows establishing not only ferromagnetic, but also paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic states of the materials, to study the properties of transition and rare metals and their alloys and compounds.
  • Electrolyte degrades the properties of winding's insulation, and the voltage between the inner and outer winding's turns (while their number is equal N ) is N times greater than the inter-turns voltage. Therefore the electrical conductivity of electrolyte may cause a breakdown of the winding's insulation and galvanic corrosion of the metallic foil. Furthermore, because of the electrical conductivity of electrolyte, eddy currents are induced therein, which reduces the efficiency of the transformer, and will increase the size of the winding because of the gaps for passage of electrolyte between the turns, which allows avoiding a shielding of the winding with its external turn.
  • transformers (see References [17] - [21]) containing: the ferromagnetic foil windings (so-called also "windings & core's legs" in the related art), two yokes, the first of which connects the upper ends of these windings, and the second - which connects their lower ends, beside this, each of these windings is made from multi-layer tape having an even number of ferromagnetic metal layers, contains the component for a transposition of these layers which is connected with the break in a middle of the tape's length, and wrapped in the short-circuit turn of the perpendicular degaussing circuit, besides, each layer of this tape is made of the ferromagnetic metal (iron of high 99.997 % purity), is coated on the side external to the winding by a layer of antiferromagnetic metal (chromium 99.997 %), is coated on another side by the layer of antiferromagnetic material passing into the ferromagnetic state
  • transformers can additionally comprise usual copper windings wrapped around their windings made of ferromagnetic foil.
  • the ferromagnetic foil winding i.e. windings made of ferromagnetic foil
  • the ferromagnetic foil winding are active elements of new transformers (References [17] - [21]), which execute two functions: both of the winding, which embraces the cores cross-section or an entire operative time-varying magnetic flux which passes through it, and a function of vertical parts (of legs) of the transformer's ferromagnetic core, along which this main flux of the transformer circulates.
  • the windings e.g., made of copper
  • a compactness of the transformers is achieved not only by the fact that their windings, made of ferromagnetic foil, simultaneously have two functions, i.e. the function of the winding and the function of the ferromagnetic core's leg. This allows reducing almost twice the volume occupied by these components.
  • magnetic interaction between the ferromagnetic layers of these windings was discovered (References [17] - [21]), due to which their spontaneous (i.e. without the influence of an external field) mutual inverse magnetization arises in the direction of their light magnetization, which is parallel to the axis of the windings (Reference [10]).
  • Such magnetic ordering (magnetic super-lattices with a long-range order) artificially occurs, while winding the coil, and creates existence conditions for a prevailing number of conductivity electron groups having largest dimensions. It increases the relative magnetic permeability of the windings' metal from an initial value 25'000 up to 80'000 and above.
  • this weak induced hyper-conductivity of ferromagnetic metal (which exists during the act of electrical and magnetic field thereon, i.e. only during operation these windings, and being at this dependence similar with respect to its improved ferromagnetic parameters), is non-cryogenic (normal), does not disappear (i.e. is stable) until the Curie temperature T C of the super-lattices up to +350°C (Reference [10]) and currently may be described according to empirical equations.
  • the decrease of metallic resistivity by using this method is an attractive solution for improving the parameters of the ferromagnetic foil windings.
  • a ratio of the thickness of the iron substrate layer to the total thickness of coatings made of manganese and chromium is approximately equal 15 : 1.
  • transformers are compact, i.e. possess a power density per volume unit more than two times higher than for conventional transformers, have an efficiency exceeding 98 % in comparison with the known transformers of conventional design (having an efficiency not higher than 97 %), a higher reliability in conjunction with a comprehensive design, and commercial appeal. Furthermore, the design of transformers (References [17 - 21]) provides for the following advantages:
  • a disadvantage of the transformers resides in an insufficient control range of the properties of ferromagnetic metal, which carried out by choosing a thickness d Fe of the ferromagnetic metal, a thickness d i of the interlayer insulation, and through the use of known transition metals and their alloys with high parameters. These restrictions prevent a possibility of increasing the attainable high values of the magnetic permeability of the core and of attainable high values of conductivity (that is almost hyper-conductivity) of the windings, which is stable at temperatures above +350 °C.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to solve the aforementioned problems, and create a transformer with ferromagnetic foil windings having a greater compactness and greater efficiency. Accordingly, there is proposed a transformer including windings made of a multi-layer ferromagnetic foil tape having an even number m of ferromagnetic layers, coated by interlayer insulation. The winding's upper ends are connected through a first yoke, the winding's bottom ends are connected through a second yoke. Each winding -is wrapped by a short-circuited coil, and - contains a component for transposition of layers (described in RU2444077 ) connected in a break in the middle of the tape.
  • the insulation's thickness is determined by a ratio of d i > u n2, pic * / ( E n2, pic ⁇ m ), where u n2 , pic is a maximum peak voltage between adjacent winding turns, E n2, pic is a maximum electric field strength of the insulation.
  • the interlayer insulation uses either ferroelectric material being Fe 2 O 3 , or a multi-layered material with intensive antiferromagnetic interaction formed as a plurality of pairs of alternating layers of Cu-Fe with a ratio of thicknesses of Cu and Fe ranged from 5:1 to 10:1.
  • an interlayer electrical insulation used for a ferromagnetic winding having an even number m of layers; the insulation is coated on the layers; wherein: the insulation has an insulation thickness ( d i ) determined according to a formula of: d i > u n2 , pic * / ( E n2, pic ⁇ m ), where: u n2 , pic is a maximum peak voltage between adjacent turns of the winding, E n2, pic is a maximum electric field strength of the insulation; and - either the insulation is made of F e 2 O 3 ; - or the insulation has a structure consisting of a plurality of pairs of alternating Cu layers having a Cu thickness, and Fe layers having a Fe thickness, wherein a ratio of the Cu thickness to the Fe thickness is equal to 5 : 100.
  • the inventive object is achieved by the use of special materials for interlayer insulation, which allows increasing the flow of an electric field, therefore, providing an increase of boundaries values of the control range of this field up to the ample values.
  • the inventive transformer comprises: a number (not limited, for example, 2) of ferromagnetic windings 1 having a vertical cross-section, the ferromagnetic windings 1 are made of a foil tape having a length and wound by an even plurality of layers 6 coated with insulation 7; the layers 6 each is made of ferromagnetic metal 9 wherein, on the external side in relation to the corresponding winding 1, the layer 6 is plated by antiferromagnetic metal 10 and, on the internal side in relation to the corresponding winding 1, the layer 6 is plated by antiferromagnetic metal 11 capable of transferring into a ferromagnetic; the windings 1 each has - upper ends connected through a first yoke 2 and - bottom ends connected through a second yoke 3; the windings 1 each, in the vertical cross-section, is wrapped by a short-circuited coil 4; the windings 1 each contains a component 5 (described in RU2444077 ) for transposition the layers 6, wherein the component 5 is
  • the inventive transformer also comprises: a number of additional copper windings 8 each wrapped around the windings 1.
  • a distinct feature of the inventive transformer is the material of insulation 7, which is either ferroelectric, or multilayer metallic antiferromagnetic having a plurality of ferromagnetic layers with a strong interaction therebetween, capable of ensuring stability of the ferromagnetic layers against external magnetic and electric fields and insulator properties in the direction of the transition from one of the layers to another such layer.
  • the transformer's design is similar to the above described related art design, shown on Fig. 1 , and has similar windings 1 made of ferromagnetic foil. But, unlike the related art transformer, wherein insulation 7 (shown on Figs. 3 and 4 ) is made of a conventional dielectric with relative permittivity ⁇ * ⁇ 3 ... 6, the insulation 7 in the claimed transformer is made of ferroelectric with a relative permittivity ⁇ > 10 4 , or is made of a laminated metallic antiferromagnetic material having anisotropic insulation properties in the direction of the transition from one its layer to another, having an effective relative permittivity ⁇ >> 10 4 and is stable against external magnetic and electric fields at temperature up to +350 °C and more.
  • ferroelectrics as interlayer insulation in the foil windings of transformers
  • the application of the laminated metallic antiferromagnetic as anisotropic insulation is also previously unknown, and therefore the corresponding embodiments of the claimed invention are also novel.
  • the inventive transformer operates as follows.
  • an alternative voltage u 1 (1) is applied to the terminals of a first copper winding 8 (left), which has N 1 (1) number of turns, on the terminals of a second copper coil 8 (right)
  • the emf will be induced, which is determined by the classical equation:
  • the reduction in the thickness of insulation 7 in order to increase the flow of electrical displacement D n2 also has a limit, calculated using the ratio of d i > u n2, pic * / ( E n2, pic . m ), where: u n2, pic is a maximum peak voltage between the adjacent turns of the foil winding 1, E n2, pic is a maximal electric field strength in insulation 7 (i.e. a breakdown electric field for the insulation that could be conventionally determined), m - the number of layers in one turn.
  • the interlayer insulation 7 of the claimed transformer is made of ferroelectric or made of multilayer antiferromagnetic with strong interaction between its ferromagnetic layers, the intensity of which is sufficient to ensure an insensitivity of the material against external electric and magnetic fields and creates stable electrical insulating properties in the direction across these layers.
  • Multilayer material with strong antiferromagnetic interaction between its layers is usually referred to insensitive materials with anisotropic colossal magneto-resistance (Reference [23]).
  • These types of "insulation” have an equivalent relative permittivity ⁇ > 10 4 , which is anisotropic, i.e. directed (measured) across the layers of this material, and thus, during operation of the claimed transformer, the flux density of the electric field displacement between the metal layers 6 of the tape becomes ( ⁇ / ⁇ *) times greater and proportionally causes higher volume electric charges, which are shown in Fig. 4 .
  • Such changing in the concentration of conductivity electrons in the ferromagnetic metal tape in ( ⁇ / ⁇ *) times increases the range of adjustment of its magnetization curve which can be implemented by choosing a ratio of the thickness d Fe of layer 6 and the thickness d i of interlayer insulation 7, i.e. by design-adjustment of the material in accordance with the empirical equations for these parameters.
  • Measurements were carrying out at a constant value d Fe of thickness of the metal layer 6, which was equal to 20 ⁇ m and consisted of a 18 ⁇ m tape of 99.996 %-purity iron (Reference [10]) coated by 1 ⁇ m of 99.996 % manganese (Reference [10]) on a first side and coated by 1 ⁇ m of the 99.996 % chromium on a second side.
  • the obtained curve corresponds to a desired ferromagnetic with a high saturation induction B s ⁇ 23,000 gauss and relative magnetic permeability ⁇ > 10 6 , small values of remanence B r ⁇ 100 gauss and of coercive force H c ⁇ 0,017 Oe ( Fig. 9 ), while the foil winding 1 also acquires a low electrical resistivity p ⁇ 0,001 ⁇ Ohm ⁇ m.
  • the optimum ratio range of thicknesses of metal 6 and insulation 7 in every layer of the foil winding 1 has is raged from 5:1 to 10:1.
  • the thickness of the interlayer insulation of the tape should be (S / S 0 ) 1/3 times greater.
  • This increase in the insulation thickness reduces the interaction and mutual magnetizing of the ferromagnetic layers and, therefore, reduces the sensitivity of design-adjustment of the electric field up to acceptable values.
  • the thickness of the metal layer 6 of the multilayer tape may be determined by the empirical equation: d Fe ⁇ 20 ⁇ (100 / S ) 1/3 ⁇ (50 / f ) 1/2 , ⁇ m, where: S - transformer's power, W; f- grid's frequency, Hz.
  • the multilayered metallic material with a very strong antiferromagnetic interaction of its ferromagnetic layers which is claimed herein as the alternative (and is a more promising material for the interlayer insulation 7 in the foil windings 1) operates as follows.
  • the spontaneous counter-magnetizing's mutual influence of these ferromagnetic metal layers becomes ten times larger than the influence of a possible peak value of the magnetic field ( H max ⁇ 10 kOe), which may be induced externally on the laminate material through other parts of an electromagnetic device, for example, by the currents flowing through the windings during the transformer operation.
  • the system of interacting ferromagnetic layers of multilayer material is a permanently locked spin valve (Reference [23]) for currents in the direction across these layers.
  • Material with such high-energy magnetic interaction of the layers may be fully non-conductive in the directions crossing these layers, without sensitivity to an external electrical field and an external magnetic field, unlike meta-magnets which react to an applied magnetic field even when their strength is barely above 10 kOe.
  • the material containing more than 5 layers of ultra-pure iron with a thickness of about 90 ... 100 nm and with copper interlayers having a thickness of 5 nm can be applied.
  • Such system of ferromagnetic layers may be regarded also as electrical capacitor's plates separated by potential barriers at the location of magnetic domain walls, which prevents the passage of current across the layers, wherein the barriers have a thickness no more than a few atoms size.
  • this capacitor's capacitance owing to its thickness (about 0.5 ⁇ m), has a value close to a capacitance value of a capacitor, which would have a 2 ⁇ m thickness with insulation interlayers made of ferroelectric with the relative permittivity ⁇ >> 10 4 . Consequently, multilayered metallic material with very strong antiferromagnetic interaction between its ferromagnetic layers is suitable for use as insulation material of high dielectric permittivity.
  • the claimed transformer is provided with a high range of design-adjustment of characteristics of its ferromagnetic foil windings, which allows reducing its sizes in comparison with the related art in more than two-fold and to increase its efficiency up to 99 % and higher.
  • a preferable choice of interlayer insulation 7 for coating the metal layers 6 is a Fe 2 O 3 film with the 2 ⁇ m thickness and having the properties of the dielectric and ferroelectric, i.e. material with resistivity p > 10 16 Ohm ⁇ m, with a dielectric strength greater than 60 kV mm and with ⁇ > 10 4 .
  • interlayer insulation 7 for coating the metal layers 6 is the multilayer metal material having the 0.5 ⁇ m thickness and formed by alternating Cu-Fe-Cu-Fe-Cu-... layers of super-pure iron and copper with a ratio of corresponding layer thicknesses of 5 : 100 : 5 : 100 : 5 : ....
  • the claimed transformer can be utilized in magneto-electro-technology (as defined by the instant inventors), i.e. in an industry, which uses the properties of layered ferromagnetics for powerful electrical equipment.
  • the transformer may be adapted for design of single-phase, three-phase, or other transformers with ferromagnetic foil windings, similar to the related art (References [7], [14] - [17]), and may be used as compact power transformers and instrumental transformers with a high reliability in various industrial sectors.
  • the transformer may be used as a choke or reactor.
  • the transformer may be also manufactured for the use in electrical power grids with reactive power compensation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Insulating Of Coils (AREA)
EP15155875.6A 2015-02-20 2015-02-20 Transformateur à enroulements de feuille ferromagnétique Withdrawn EP3059746A1 (fr)

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EP15155875.6A EP3059746A1 (fr) 2015-02-20 2015-02-20 Transformateur à enroulements de feuille ferromagnétique

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2649912C1 (ru) * 2016-12-23 2018-04-05 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Министерство промышленности и торговли Российской Федерации (Минпромторг России) Спиральный сильноточный плоский частотный дроссель

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RU2284059C2 (ru) 2004-12-03 2006-09-20 Александр Яковлевич Гохштейн Способ демонстрации спонтанной магнитной поляризации поверхности (варианты) и устройство для его осуществления
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RU2444076C1 (ru) 2010-08-03 2012-02-27 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Казанский государственный энергетический университет" (КГЭУ) Трансформатор
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2649912C1 (ru) * 2016-12-23 2018-04-05 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Министерство промышленности и торговли Российской Федерации (Минпромторг России) Спиральный сильноточный плоский частотный дроссель

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