EP3056633A1 - Façade module, building structure and method for installing the façade module - Google Patents

Abstract

A façade assembly (14) for a building (10) having at least one façade element (16) attachable to a wall or floor slab (12) of the building (10), and having at least one fire protection element (18) interposed between the facade element (16) and the wall or the floor ceiling (12) can be mounted, the fire protection element (18) in the direction of the facade element (16) movable sealing element (32) and a drive means (36) for the sealing element. Furthermore, a method for mounting such a facade assembly and a building structure using the facade assembly is provided.

Description

The invention relates to a facade assembly for a building with at least one facade element that can be attached to a wall or a ceiling of the building, and with at least one fire protection element that can be mounted between the facade element and the wall. The invention further relates to a building structure using the facade assembly and a method for assembling such a facade assembly.

In the construction sector, curtain walls made of individual façade elements are often used, which are fastened to a shell of a building. The shell can be made in skeleton construction, and the facade elements form the outer skin of the building, the facade elements take over the function of a wall construction. The individual facade elements usually have a substructure, for example a framework, by means of which the facade elements are fastened to the shell. The facade elements only carry their own weight and have no static tasks. However, the façade elements can take on insulating functions as well as design functions for the outer skin.

On the back, the facade elements in addition to the windows / glass elements often on a example of metal, such as steel sheet existing cladding. Between the shell and the facade elements joints are present, which are sealed by insulating material, in the art of mineral wool, to prevent in the event of fire, a spread of fire behind the facade elements. These insulation elements are arranged at the level of the floor slabs, so that a spreading of the fire is prevented from one floor to another floor, the fire protection elements can also take over other Dämmaufgaben, such as sound insulation.

Especially with facade elements with a sheet metal element on the back it can come in case of fire to strong deformation of the sheet metal elements and thus the facade elements. These deformations can cause the gap between the wall or the ceiling and the facade element increases, so that the compressed mineral wool insulation element, the gap between the facade element and the wall or ceiling no longer completely fill and seal against fire or smoke ,

Although the facade elements can be additionally stiffened by introducing a U-profile on the side facing away from the shell. This stiffening is intended to prevent deformation of the facade element in case of fire. For the installation of U-profiles, however, a considerable amount of work on floor ceiling height is required.

From the US 7,856,775 B2 is known to fix an additional mineral wool block on the steel sheet below the insulating element filling the joint. The additional mineral wool block is intended to close the gap created in the event of fire. The attachment of the additional mineral wool block, however, also requires work on ladder height in the floor below the Dämmelements and therefore requires a higher risk of injury and additional time.

The object of the invention is to provide a facade assembly that allows a better seal the joint between facade element and wall or ceiling in case of fire and thus provides better fire protection and can be mounted with little effort.

According to the invention, a facade assembly is provided for a building, comprising at least one facade element that can be fixed to a wall or ceiling of a building, and at least one fire protection element that can be mounted between the facade element and the wall or the ceiling. The fire protection element comprises a movable in the direction of the facade element sealing element and a drive means for the sealing element.

In case of fire, the sealing element is moved in the direction of the deforming facade element, so that the forming gap between facade element and wall or ceiling is filled and sealed. This provides reliable protection against the spread of fire or smoke. The sealing element is completely contained in the non-activated state in the fire protection element. Therefore, the use of prefabricated fire protection elements is possible, which can be mounted with constant effort.

The facade element is basically known from the prior art. Preferably, the facade element is designed as a curtain wall, with a frame construction, preferably made of steel or aluminum, an outside cover, which is connected to the frame construction and may be formed of glass, ceramic, metal or natural stone. On the rear, in the installed state the building side facing the cover, a cladding is provided, which is preferably formed of a steel sheet. Between the outside cover and the cladding, an insulating or insulating layer may be provided, for example, mineral wool or foam.

The fire protection element preferably comprises an insulating layer, in particular a mineral wool insulating layer, particularly preferably a compressed mineral wool insulating layer. The insulating layer can in the regular installation state, ie not activated sealing element, even make a seal between the joint between the facade element and the supporting structure of the building, so that the dimensions of the sealing element contained in the fire protection element can be kept small. In addition, the insulating layer can prevent or reduce the passage of smoke or fire before activation of the sealing element, so that even better protection against the spread of fire and smoke is provided.

The insulating layer of the fire protection element preferably comprises a surface, which faces the facade element and rests against the rear panel of the facade element. As a result, the fire protection element can fill and seal the joint between the facade element and the building wall or ceiling in the regular installation state.

The sealing element is preferably accommodated in an edge-side groove on the surface of the fire protection element facing the facade element. Preferably, the groove extends over the entire length of the fire protection element. The sealing element can then also extend along the entire groove. In this embodiment, the breakdown of smoke or flames over the entire length of the fire protection element can be securely prevented.

According to a preferred embodiment, the sealing element is a preferably flexible strip or a preferably flexible band of intumescent material. The use of intumescent materials has the advantage that in case of fire, an additional expansion takes place by foaming of the intumescent material. The fire protection effect is then further improved.

The sealing element may also consist of a strip or band of mineral wool, which is pressed in case of fire by the drive means against the deforming facade element and held there.

The drive means may be mechanically biased or thermally activated. As a mechanically biased drive means, for example, a spring element can be used.

As a thermally activatable drive means for the sealing element may be an expands upon heat mass, preferably a Intumeszenzmasse serve. The expansion of the intumescent then causes a displacement of the sealing element in the direction of the deforming facade element.

If both the sealing element and the drive means consist of an intumescent material, the sealing element and the drive means can also be formed in one piece. The sealing element then becomes that part of the composite Viewed sealing element and drive means, which emerges in case of fire from the fire protection element and is pressed against the facade element.

The drive means is preferably attached to the bottom of the groove receiving the sealing element and may be anchored there mechanically, chemically or physically. A mechanical anchoring can be done for example by screws, rivets or staples. As chemical anchoring can serve an adhesive bond. A physical anchoring can be done by friction.

It may be sufficient to arrange the drive means locally at discrete locations of the groove.

In order to prevent damage to the fire protection element during assembly or during the construction of the building, a protective layer is optionally provided, which covers the fire protection element at least partially. This protective layer may for example consist of an elastic material such as a curable acrylic dispersion, which can compensate for temperature-induced expansions of the building or the facade assembly.

According to a further embodiment, the fire protection element comprises an insulating layer, and that the sealing element is arranged between the insulating layer and the facade element. The sealing element preferably extends over the entire height of the insulating layer and has on its side opposite the facade element a recess or a projection. The insulating layer has a profile corresponding to the recess or projection, so that a projection formed, for example, on the insulating layer engages in the recess on the sealing element or vice versa.

Preferably, the recess or the projection is arranged centrally in the sealing element. The projection and the recess on the sealing element or on the insulating layer can also be formed as overlapping shoulders.

Both the sealing element and the insulating layer may be formed of mineral wool. It is also conceivable to produce the sealing element from an intumescent material.

The drive means is introduced into the insulating layer and presses in the event of fire, the sealing element in the direction of and against the facade element. However, the projection remains in engagement with the recess, so that even in the activated state of the sealing element is still a seal against smoke and the passage of fire. For this purpose, the dimension of the projection in the transverse direction and the corresponding depth of the recess are chosen so that they are greater than a gap occurring in the event of fire on the facade element.

The invention further relates to a building structure comprising at least one wall and / or a floor slab and at least one facade element which is fastened to a wall or a floor ceiling of the building, wherein a gap is formed between the facade element and the wall or the floor slab, and with at least one fire protection element, which is mounted in the region of the joint between the facade element and the wall or the floor slab, wherein the fire protection element comprises a movable in the direction of the facade element sealing element and a drive means for the sealing element.

The facade element and the fire protection element form the above-described facade assembly, to which reference is made.

• Anbringen des Fassadenelements an der Wand oder der Geschossdecke des Gebäudes, wobei zwischen dem Fassadenelement und der Wand oder der Geschossdecke eine Fuge gebildet ist,
• Anbringen des Brandschutzelements am Fassadenelement und/oder an der Wand oder der Geschossdecke des Gebäudes im Bereich der Fuge, wobei das Brandschutzelement so angeordnet wird, dass das Dichtelement dem Fassadenelement zugewandt und in Richtung auf das Fassadenelement bewegbar ist.

To achieve the object, a method for mounting a facade assembly for a building is further provided with at least one facade element that is attached to a wall or a ceiling of the building, and with at least one fire protection element between the facade element and the wall or the Ceiling is mounted, wherein the fire protection element comprises a movable sealing element and a drive means for the sealing element, comprising the following steps:

• Attaching the facade element to the wall or the floor of the building, wherein between the facade element and the wall or the floor slab, a gap is formed,
• Attaching the fire protection element on the facade element and / or on the wall or the floor ceiling of the building in the region of the joint, wherein the fire protection element is arranged so that the sealing element the Facing facade element and is movable in the direction of the facade element.

The fire protection element preferably comprises an insulating layer, in particular a mineral wool insulating layer, which is mounted between the facade element and the wall or ceiling, wherein the sealing element is preferably arranged in a peripheral groove in the insulating layer, which runs along the insulating layer and preferably over the entire length of Insulating layer extends. Preferably, the insulating layer is compressed, so that they expand at a low deformation of the facade element and the resulting gap can at least partially self-close.

In order to protect the fire protection element and to seal it against the spread of smoke, it is preferable to apply a protective layer, in particular of an elastic material, wherein the protective layer at least partially, preferably completely, covers the fire protection element.

It is of particular advantage that all work for mounting the facade assembly according to the invention on a building level, in particular at ground level, can be performed.

Another advantage is that the fire protection element can be provided with the introduced therein sealing element as a prefabricated component. The work required to install the fire protection element is then not greater than the installation of the insulating layer without sealing element.

• Figur 1 eine Schnittansicht durch ein Gebäude mit einer Fassadenbaugruppe nach dem Stand der Technik,
• Figur 2 eine Schnittansicht durch ein Gebäude mit einer ersten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Fassadenbaugruppe,
• Figur 3 eine Schnittansicht durch ein Gebäude mit der Fassadenbaugruppe gemäß Figur 2, die das Dichtelement in aktiviertem Zustand zeigt; und
• Figur 4 eine Schnittansicht durch ein Gebäude mit einer zweiten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Fassadenbaugruppe.

Further advantages and features will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In these show:

• FIG. 1 a sectional view through a building with a facade assembly according to the prior art,
• FIG. 2 1 a sectional view through a building with a first embodiment of a facade assembly according to the invention,
• FIG. 3 a sectional view through a building with the facade assembly according to FIG. 2 showing the sealing element in the activated state; and
• FIG. 4 a sectional view through a building with a second embodiment of a facade assembly according to the invention.

In FIG. 1 a section of a building 10 'is shown with a floor ceiling 12'. On the outside of the building 10 ', a facade assembly 14' is suspended.

The facade assembly 14 'consists of a facade element 16' and a fire protection element 18 ', which is arranged in a joint 20' between the floor slab 12 'and the facade element 16'. The fire protection element 18 'here consists of an insulating layer 19', for example, mineral wool.

The facade element 16 'forms an outer wall construction or the facade of the building 10' and has a substructure, not shown here in detail, for example, a framework on which the individual elements of the outer facade, such as wall elements, windows and insulating layers are held. The substructure serves to fasten the facade elements 16 'to the building 10'.

The facade assembly 14 'is used for design purposes and / or the protection of the building 10', wherein the outer side 22 'of such a facade element 16' can be configured arbitrarily, in particular depending on design and / or building physics aspects. The outer side 22 'may comprise, for example, elements of glass, ceramic, metal or other suitable materials.

The facade assembly 14 'and the facade elements 16' carry only their own weight and have no static function for the building 10 '.

On the building 10 'facing the rear side 24' of the facade element 16 ', a cladding is provided, which may be part of the inner wall of the building 10' and here consists of a steel sheet 26 '. This steel sheet 26 'may be part of the substructure or merely form the inside end of the facade element.

By between the floor slab 12 'and the facade element 16' provided fire protection element 18 'is in the event of fire, a passage of smoke and Fire from an area below the floor slab 12 'into the area above the floor slab 12' prevented, so that the spread of a fire can be prevented or at least slowed down.

Due to the high temperatures occurring during a fire, however, deformation of the facade element 16 ', in particular of the steel sheet 26', may occur (see dashed line in FIG FIG. 1 ). This deformation can lead to a gap 30 'forming between the fire protection element 18' and the facade element 16 ', through which a passage of smoke or fire is possible. The fire protection element 18 'can thus not completely fulfill its fire protection function with heavily deformed facade element 16'.

To remedy this disadvantage, the in FIG. 2 provided facade assembly 14 is provided. The basic structure of the building 10 with a floor ceiling 12 and the curtain wall element 16 substantially corresponds to the in FIG. 1 shown construction.

In addition to the insulating layer 19, however, the fire protection element 18 additionally has a sealing element 32 which, in the embodiment shown here, consists of an intumescent strip or a mineral wool strip. The sealing element 32 is received in the embodiment shown here in a peripheral edge in the insulating layer 19 extending in the longitudinal direction groove 34 which is on the facade element 16 facing surface of the fire protection element 18, and can be moved in the direction of the facade element 16, as by the arrow in FIG. 2 indicated.

At the bottom of the groove 34, a drive means 36, shown schematically here, is arranged for the movable sealing element 32 and can be anchored there mechanically, chemically or physically. A mechanical anchoring can be done for example by screws, rivets or staples. As chemical anchoring can serve an adhesive bond. A physical anchoring can be done by friction.

The drive means 36 may be mechanically biased or thermally activated. As a mechanically biased drive means, for example, a spring element (not shown) can be used.

As a thermally activatable drive means 36 for the sealing element 32 may be an expands upon heat mass, preferably a Intumeszenzmasse serve. The expansion of this intumescent material in the groove 34 then causes a displacement of the sealing element 32 in the direction of the deforming facade element 16th

The insulating layer 19 is fixed in the embodiment shown here on the floor ceiling 12, wherein the attachment each force, form and / or cohesively, for example by mechanical or chemical fastening methods, can be done. Both the insulating layer 19 and the sealing element 32 are arranged at the level of the floor slab 12.

However, the insulating layer can also be attached directly to the steel sheet 26 of the facade element 16.

Furthermore, an elastic protective layer 38 can be provided, which covers the outside of the entire fire protection element 18, so that the fire protection element 18 is reliably protected against mechanical stress.

As in FIG. 3 As can be seen, the gap 30 forms as soon as the facade element 16 deforms due to the high heat during a fire. The drive means 36 is in this case either thermally activated or drives the sealing element 32, which is located by the positioning on the facade element 16 side facing in this gap 30, due to its mechanical bias in the direction of the facade element. For example, an intumescent compound used as drive means 36 can foam and thus increase its volume in the groove 34.

The forming on the facade element 16 gap 30, which is no longer sealed by the insulating layer 19 alone, can thus be closed by the sealing element 32, so that even with a deformation of the facade element 16 a reliable fire protection is guaranteed. The sealing element 32 is from Drive means 36 pressed with sufficient force against the facade element 16 and held there. If the sealing element 32 consists of an intumescent strip, a further fire protection can be provided by the foaming of the Intumeszstreifens.

Another embodiment of a facade assembly 14 according to the invention is shown in FIG FIG. 4 shown. In this, provided at the level of the floor slab 12 fire protection element 18 includes an insulating layer 19, and the sealing element 32 is disposed between the insulating layer 19 and the facade element 16. The sealing element 32 extends here over the entire height of the insulating layer 19 and has a recess 40 on its side opposite the facade element 16 side. The fire protection element 18 has a profile corresponding to the recess 40 42, which is formed here as a projection which engages in the recess 40.

The sealing element 32 is relative to the insulating layer, in the direction of the facade element 16, movable. The recess 40 is arranged centrally in the sealing element 32 in the embodiment shown here. Alternatively, the projection 42 and the recess 40 may also be formed as overlapping shoulders.

Both the sealing element 32 and the insulating layer 19 are preferably formed in this embodiment of mineral wool. However, it is also possible to produce the sealing element 32 from an intumescent material.

The drive means 36 is introduced into the insulating layer 19, preferably in a groove 42 extending in the projection 42, wherein the sealing element 32 facing the end 46 of the drive means 36 has a T-profile and in the non-activated state preferably rests flat against the bottom of the recess 40. Thereby, a rotation of the sealing element 32 during activation in case of fire can be prevented.

The sealing element 32 is pressed by the optionally mechanically biased or thermally activatable drive means 36 toward and against the facade element 16 and can close immediately in the event of fire on a facade element 16 forming gap. However, the projection 42 on the insulating layer remains in engagement with the recess 40 in the sealing element 32, so that Even in the activated state of the fire protection element 18 is still a seal against smoke and the passage of fire. For this purpose, the dimension of the projection 42 in the transverse direction and the corresponding depth of the recess 40 are preferably selected so that they are greater than a gap occurring in the event of fire on the facade element 16.

With the invention, a safe and reliable sealing of deforming in case of fire facade elements is achieved, the facade assembly according to the invention can be mounted solely by working at ground level. In addition, prefabricated assemblies of insulating layer and sealing element can be provided. The work required to install the facade assembly is therefore significantly reduced.

Claims (18)

A facade assembly (14) for a building (10) having at least one façade element (16) attachable to a wall or floor slab (12) of the building (10), and having at least one fire protection element (18) interposed between the façade element (14) Façade element (16) and the wall or floor slab (12) can be mounted, characterized in that the fire protection element (18) in the direction of the facade element (16) movable sealing element (32) and a drive means (36) for the sealing element , Facade assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the fire protection element (18) comprises an insulating layer, in particular a mineral wool insulating layer. Facade assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sealing element (32) in a peripheral groove (34) on a the facade element (16) facing surface of the fire protection element (18) is introduced. Facade assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that the sealing element (32) and the groove (34) extend over the entire length of the fire protection element (18). Facade assembly according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the sealing element (32) is a strip or a band of intumescent material. Facade assembly according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the sealing element (32) consists of a strip or band of mineral wool. Facade assembly according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the drive means (36) is arranged at the bottom of the groove (34). Facade assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that the sealing element (32) between the insulating layer (19) and the facade element (16) is arranged. Facade assembly according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the sealing element (32) on its the facade element (16) opposite side has a recess (40) or a projection. Facade subassembly according to claim 9, characterized in that the insulating layer (19) has a profile (42) corresponding to the recess (40) or to the projection on the sealing element (19). Facade assembly according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the recess (40) is arranged centrally in the sealing element (32). Facade assembly according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that both the sealing element (32) and the insulating layer (19) are formed of mineral wool. Facade subassembly according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the sealing element (32) extends over the entire height of the insulating layer (19). Facade assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive means (36) is mechanically biased or thermally activated. Facade assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive means (36) comprises a mechanically biased spring element. Facade subassembly according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the drive means (36) is thermally activated and a comprising heat-expanding mass, in particular an intumescent composition. Building construction using the facade assembly according to one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the building structure comprises at least one wall and / or floor slab (12) and at least one façade element (16) attached to the wall or floor slab (12) of the building (10). in which a joint (20) is formed between the facade element (16) and the wall or the floor slab (12), and at least one fire protection element (18) is provided in the region of the joint (20) between the facade element (16). and the wall or the floor slab (12), characterized in that the fire protection element (18) comprises a sealing element (32) movable in the direction of the facade element (16) and a drive means (36) for the sealing element (32). A method of assembling a façade assembly (14) for a building (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 16, comprising at least one façade element (16) fixed to a wall or floor slab (12) of the building (10) and having at least one fire protection element (18) which is mounted between the facade element (16) and the wall or the floor slab (12), wherein the fire protection element (18) comprises a movable sealing element (32) and a drive means (36) for the sealing element (32) includes, with the following steps: - Attaching the facade element (16) on the wall or the floor ceiling (12) of the building, wherein between the facade element (16) and the wall or the floor slab (12), a gap (20) is formed, - Attaching the fire protection element (18) on the facade element (16) and / or on the wall or the floor ceiling (12) of the building in the region of the joint (20), wherein the fire protection element (18) is arranged so that the sealing element (32) the facade element (16) facing and by the drive means (36) in the direction of the facade element (16) is movable.

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