EP3049452B1 - Coating composition and coatings prepared therefrom which are curable at low temperatures as well as their use - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to non-aqueous coating compositions containing at least one polyamino group-containing compound (A) and at least one compound (B) having at least two alkylidene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one groups. The present invention furthermore relates to the coatings produced from these coating compositions and to their use, in particular for automotive OEM finishing, automotive refinishing and the coating of add-on parts and of plastics.

Coating compositions based on polyurethanes (PU) are used in innumerable fields, in particular for automotive OEM finishing and automotive refinishing. All polyurethanes in common is that they are prepared by polyaddition of polyamines or polyols to polyfunctional isocyanates. By skillful selection of the polyamine or polyol component while the property profile of the resulting polyurethane can be controlled specifically.

A disadvantage is the high reactivity of the polyfunctional isocyanates, which leads to a high sensitivity to moisture. Although polyfunctional isocyanates can be stored under anhydrous conditions over a prolonged period of time, the reaction with water occurs during the curing, so that very dry work is necessary. In addition to the sensitivity to moisture, in particular the aromatic isocyanates tend to discoloration. Also problematic is the health concern of some diisocyanates. It is known, for example, that diisocyanates can cause allergies on skin contact or inhalation. For this reason, oligomers of diisocyanates have been developed due to their lower molecular weight Volatility are easier to handle. Nevertheless, there is a general need for alternatives to the polyisocyanates known in the art.

Alkylidene-1,3-dioxolan-2-ones, which are also referred to below as exo-vinylene carbonates, have been described variously in the literature, for example in US Pat DE 1098953 . DE 3433403 . EP 837062 . JP 2006137733 . JP 2008222619 . J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 647-649 . Angew. Chem. 2009, 121, 4258-4261 . Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 2604-2607 . Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 2309-2312 . Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 515-518 , Alkylidene-1,3-dioxolan-2-ones are proposed there as synthesis building blocks for the production of active substances and effect substances.

The WO 2011/157671 describes the use of alkylidene-1,3-dioxolan-2-ones together with amine curing agents as additives in epoxy resin compositions.

The WO 96/26224 describes the copolymerization of 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ones with ethylenically unsaturated comonomers. The resulting polymers have 1,3-dioxolan-2-one groups and are used together with amino-functional crosslinkers for the preparation of coatings.

From the EP-B-1 448 619 For example, 4- (meth) acryloxyalkyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ones are known which are polymerized with ethylenically unsaturated comonomers to give copolymers having 1,3-dioxolan-2-one groups bonded via alkyloxycarbonyl units. The polymers are reacted with amine compounds to give graft polymers having urethane and hydroxyl groups. The graft polymers are used in coating compositions, in particular clearcoats, which are prepared by means of conventional compounds having reactive groups, such as hydroxyl groups, amino groups, isocyanate groups, epoxy groups, silane groups, acetoacetate groups, Vinyl groups and acrylate groups are cured at elevated temperatures.

From the WO2012 / 130718 are also known polymers based on (2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl) methyl acrylate and (2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl) methyl methacrylate, which together with di- or polyamines in Coating compositions are used.

The reactivity of the polymers known in the art with 1,3-dioxolan-2-one groups, however, is unsatisfactory. In addition, in the reaction of 1,3-dioxolan-2-ones with, for example, amines or alcohols, hydroxyl groups are formed which may prove disadvantageous in various applications.

The not yet disclosed international patent application PCT / EP2013 / 056716 now describes polymerizable alkylidene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one monomers, their preparation and their use for the preparation of the corresponding homo- or copolymers and their use as a crosslinking component in 2K coating compositions. For crosslinking these polymers containing carbonate groups in addition to hydroxyl-containing compounds in particular amino-containing compounds are used. In the case of the copolymers, however, only one other comonomer is used in each case together with the alkylidene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one monomer.

Out US 5,374,699 A Compositions are known which contain a vinyl polymer having at least one 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl group and at least one carboxyl group and also a catalyst which is suitable for ring opening of 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4 -yl group and curing of the vinyl polymer is suitable.

Non-crosslinked reaction products of compounds containing structural units bearing random distribution of 1,3-dioxolan-2-one groups and compounds containing at least one primary aliphatic or cycloaliphatic amino group and additionally at least one further basic amino group are known EP 0 274 721 A2 known.

task

The object of the present invention was therefore to provide coating compositions which do not require the addition of polyisocyanates and no addition of melamine-formaldehyde resins for curing. Furthermore, the coating compositions should have a good reactivity such that they are below those in the range the automotive OEM finishing and automotive refinishing and in the field of painting of automotive components and commercial vehicles usual curing conditions ensure adequate crosslinking of the resulting coating.

In addition, the coating compositions should lead to coatings that have the lowest possible intrinsic color - especially in the case of overburning - or if an inherent color occurs when overburning, this color should be reversible.

Further, the coating compositions should also meet the requirements usually imposed on the clearcoat film in automotive OEM finishing and automotive refinishing.

Finally, the coating compositions should be simple and very easy to produce reproducible and prepare during the paint application no environmental problems.

Solution of the task

1. (A) mindestens eine polyaminogruppenhaltige Verbindung (A) sowie
2. (B) mindestens eine oligomere und/oder polymere Verbindung (B) mit mindestens zwei Alkyliden-1,3-dioxolan-2-on-Gruppen

dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Verbindung (B) erhältlich ist unter Verwendung von

1. i. mindestens einem Monomer (B1) der Formel (I)
   
   wobei

   R¹, R²

   unabhängig voneinander für Wasserstoff, C₁-C₆-Alkyl, C₁-C₄-Alkoxy-C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₅-C₆-Cycloalkyl, Phenyl oder Phenyl-C₁ C₄-alkyl stehen;

   R³

   für Wasserstoff, C-C₆-Alkyl, C₁-C₄-Alkoxy-C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₅-C₆-Cycloalkyl, Phenyl oder Phenyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl steht, wobei R³ insbesondere für Wasserstoff steht;

   R⁴

   für Wasserstoff, C₁-C₄-Alkyl, CH₂COOR⁸, Phenyl oder Phenyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl steht;

   R⁵, R⁶

   unabhängig voneinander für Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₄-Alkyl stehen oder einer der Reste R⁵ oder R⁶ auch für COOR⁸ oder CH₂COOR⁸ stehen kann;

   A

   für eine chemische Bindung oder C₁-C₄-Alkandiyl steht, wobei A insbesondere für C₁-C₄-Alkandiyl steht;

   X

   für O oder NR⁷ steht;

   Z

   für eine chemische Bindung, PO₂, SO₂ oder C=O steht, wobei Z insbesondere für C=O steht;

   Y

   für eine chemische Bindung, CH₂ oder CHCH₃ steht, wobei Y insbesondere für eine chemische Bindung steht;

   R⁷

   sofern vorhanden, für C₁-C₆-Alkyl steht;

   R⁸

   sofern vorhanden, für Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₆-Alkyl steht;

   und
2. ii. mindestens zwei unterschiedlichen, jeweils von dem Monomer (B1) verschiedenen Comonomeren (B2) und (B3).

In the light of the above problem, nonaqueous coating compositions were found containing

1. (A) at least one polyaminogruppenhaltige compound (A) and
2. (B) at least one oligomeric and / or polymeric compound (B) having at least two alkylidene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one groups

characterized in that
Compound (B) is obtainable using

1. i. at least one monomer (B1) of the formula (I)
   
   in which

   R ¹ , R ²

   independently of one another represent hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkoxy-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, C ₅ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenyl-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl;

   R ³

   is hydrogen, CC ₆ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkoxy-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, C ₅ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenyl-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, where R ^{3 is} in particular for Hydrogen stands;

   R ⁴

   is hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, CH ₂ COOR ⁸ , phenyl or phenyl-C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl;

   R ^5, R ⁶

   independently of one another are hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl or one of the radicals R ⁵ or R ^{6 may} also be COOR ⁸ or CH ₂ COOR ⁸ ;

   A

   is a chemical bond or C ₁ -C ₄ alkanediyl, wherein A is in particular C ₁ -C ₄ alkanediyl;

   X

   is O or NR ⁷ ;

   Z

   is a chemical bond, PO ₂ , SO ₂ or C = O, where Z is in particular C = O;

   Y

   represents a chemical bond, CH ₂ or CHCH ₃ , wherein Y is in particular a chemical bond;

   R ⁷

   if present, is C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl;

   R ⁸

   if present, is hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl;

   and
2. ii. at least two different, each of the monomer (B1) different comonomers (B2) and (B3).

The present invention furthermore relates to multistage coating processes using these coating compositions and to the use of the coating compositions as clearcoat or application of the coating process for automotive OEM finishing, automotive refinishing and / or coating of automotive components, plastic substrates and / or commercial vehicles.

It has now been found that the compounds (B) which have at least two alkylidene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one groups of the formula (I ') have, compared to the polymers known from the prior art with 1.3 -Dioxolan-2-one groups have markedly increased reactivity, so that they ensure adequate crosslinking of the resulting coating with hardeners containing amino groups under the usual curing conditions in the field of automotive OEM finishing and automobile refinishing and in the field of painting of automotive components and commercial vehicles.

Furthermore, the coating compositions according to the invention are characterized in that they do not require the addition of polyisocyanates and no addition of melamine-formaldehyde resins for curing and thus the environmental problems associated with these toxic or irritating compounds, especially during the paint application, can be avoided.

Additionally, the coating compositions provide coatings that surprisingly have a significantly lower intrinsic color, especially in the case of overburn, than the coating compositions based on the known glycerol carbonate acrylate copolymer. However, especially in the field of automotive finishing in accordance with the specifications of the automobile manufacturer, extremely low yellowing values are required, which in the case of overburning are not achieved even with the coating compositions according to the invention directly after the stoving. Surprisingly, however, it has been found that the thermal yellowing of the coatings according to the invention is completely reversible within 24 hours by the action of daylight and thus makes it possible to use the coating compositions according to the invention for the automotive finishing. The effect of daylight is with it simulated in the so-called Suntest with daylight filter in which a xenon high pressure burner as a radiation source in the wavelength range of 270 to 800 nm, the radiation distribution and intensity of sunlight under laboratory conditions nachstellt ("SUNTEST" device from Heraeus Instruments; radiation source: 1 xenon high-pressure burner 1800 watts, air-cooled , Suprax filter).

Furthermore, the coating compositions also meet the requirements usually imposed on the clearcoat film in automotive OEM finishing and automotive refinishing.

Finally, the coating compositions are simple and very easy to produce reproducible.

Description of the invention The coating compositions of the invention

In the context of the present invention, in each case constant conditions were chosen for the determination of non-volatile fractions (nfA, solids), unless stated otherwise. To determine the non-volatile content, an amount of 1 g of the respective sample is applied to a solid lid and heated for 1 h at 130 ° C, cooled to room temperature and then weighed back (based on ISO 3251). The non-volatile fraction was determined, for example, by corresponding polymer solutions or resins which are present in the coating composition according to the invention, in order to be able to adjust and determine, for example, the proportion by weight of the particular constituent in a mixture of several constituents or the total coating composition.

If polyamines are used as component (A), which are liquid under atmospheric pressure of 1013 mbar and 25 ° C, then all the weights given below and all for the component (A) indicated Binder proportions on the pure active substance without solvent. The pure active substance in this case represents the weighed polyamine (A) without solvent. If component (A) is used as a dilute solution of a liquid polyamine, the binder content of component (A) is calculated from the concentration given for the solution.

The weight-average (Mw) and number-average (Mn) molecular weight is determined in the context of the present invention by means of gel permeation chromatography at 35 ° C. using a high-pressure liquid chromatography pump and a refractive index detector. The eluent used was tetrahydrofuran containing 0.1% by volume of acetic acid at an elution rate of 1 ml / min. Calibration is carried out using polystyrene standards.

The polyamino group-containing compound (A)

As the polyamino group-containing compound (A), it is possible to use all compounds known to those skilled in the art which have at least 2 amino groups per molecule.

Examples of amine hardeners (A) include aliphatic and cycloaliphatic polyamines, aromatic and araliphatic polyamines, and polymeric amines, e.g. B. aminoplasts and polyamidoamines. Amine hardeners crosslink polymers with 1,3-dioxolan-2-one groups, also referred to below as carbonate polymers, by reaction of the primary or secondary amino functions of the polyamines with the 1,3-dioxolan-2-one groups of the carbonate polymers to form urethane functions ,

• aliphatische Polyamine wie Ethylendiamin, 1,2- und 1,3-Propandiamin, Neopentandiamin, Hexamethylendiamin, Octamethylendiamin, 1,10-Diaminodecan, 1,12-Diaminododecan, Diethylentriamin, Triethylentetramin, Tetraethylenpentamin, Trimethylhexamethylendiamin, Dimethylpropylendiamin, 1-(3-Aminopropyl)-3-aminopropan, 1,3-Bis-(3-aminopropyl)propan, 4-Ethyl-4-methylamino-1-octylamin und dergleichen;
• cycloaliphatische Diamine wie 1,2-Diaminocyclohexan, 1,3-Bis-(aminomethyl)cyclohexan, 1-Methyl-2,4-diaminocyclohexan, 4-(2-Aminopropan-2-yl)-1 -methylcyclohexan-1-amin, Isophorondiamin, 4,4'-Diaminodicyclohexylmethan, 3,3'-Dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethan, 4,8-Diamino-tricyclo[5.2.1.0]decan, Norbornandiamin, Menthandiamin, Menthendiamin und dergleichen;
• aromatische Diamine wie Toluylendiamin, Xylylendiamin, insbesondere meta-Xylylendiamin, Bis(4-aminophenyl)methan (MDA oder Methylendianilin), Bis(4-aminophenyl)sulfon (auch als DADS, DDS oder Dapson bekannt) und dergleichen;
• cyclische Polyamine wie Piperazin, N-Aminoethylpiperazin und dergleichen;
• Polyetheramine, insbesondere difunktionelle und trifunktionelle primäre Polyetheramine auf der Basis von Polypropylenglykol, Polyethylenglykol, Polybutylenoxid, Poly-(1,4-butandiol), Poly-Tetrahydrofuran (Poly-THF) oder Polypentylenoxid, z. B. 4,7,10-Trioxatridecan-1,3-diamin, 4,7,10-Trioxatridecan-1,13-diamin, 1,8-Diamino-3,6-dioxaoctan (XTJ-504, Fa. Huntsman), 1,10-Diamino-4,7-dioxadecan (XTJ-590, Fa. Huntsman), 1,12-Diamino-4,9-dioxadodecan (Fa. BASF SE), 1,3-Diamino-4,7,10-trioxatridecan (Fa. BASF SE), primäre Polyetheramine auf der Basis von Polypropylenglykol mit einer mittleren Molmasse von 230 wie z. B. Polyetheramine D 230 (Fa. BASF SE) oder Jeffamine® D 230 (Fa. Huntsman), difunktionelle, primäre Polyetheramine auf der Basis von Polypropylenglykol mit einer mittleren Molmasse von 400, z. B. Polyetheramine D 400 (Fa. BASF SE) oder Jeffamine® XTJ 582 (Fa. Huntsman), difunktionelle, primäre Polyetheramine auf Basis von Polypropylenglykol mit einer mittleren Molmasse von 2000 wie z. B. Polyetheramine D 2000 (Fa. BASF SE), Jeffamine® D2000 oder Jeffamine® XTJ 578 (jeweils Fa. Huntsman), difunktionelle, primäre Polyetheramine auf der Basis von Propylenoxid mit einer mittleren Molmasse von 4000 wie z. B. Polyetheramin D 4000 (Fa. BASF SE), trifunktionelle, primäre Polyetheramine hergestellt durch Reaktion von Propylenoxid mit Trimethylolpropan, gefolgt durch eine Aminierung der endständigen OH-Gruppen mit einer mittleren Molmasse von 403 wie z. B. Polyetheramine T 403 (Fa. BASF SE) oder Jeffamine® T 403 (Fa. Huntsman), trifunktionelle, primären Polyetheramine, hergestellt durch Reaktion von Propylenoxid mit Glycerin, gefolgt durch eine Aminierung der endständigen OH-Gruppen mit einer mittleren Molmasse von 5000 wie z. B. Polyetheramine T 5000 (Fa. BASF SE) oder Jeffamine® T 5000 (Fa. Huntsman), aliphatische Polyetheramine, die aus einem mit Propylenoxid gepfropften Polyethylenglykol aufgebaut sind und eine mittlere Molmasse von 600 aufweisen, wie z. B. Jeffamine® ED-600 bzw. Jeffamine® XTJ-501 (jeweils Fa. Huntsman), aliphatische Polyetheramine, die aus einem mit Propylenoxid gepfropften Polyethylenglykol aufgebaut sind und eine mittlere Molmasse von 900 aufweisen, wie z. B. Jeffamine® ED-900 (Fa. Huntsman), aliphatische Polyetheramine, die aus einem mit Propylenoxid gepfropften Polyethylenglykol aufgebaut sind und eine mittlere Molmasse von 2000 aufweisen, wie z. B. Jeffamine® ED-2003 (Fa. Huntsman), difunktionelle, primäre Polyetheramine, hergestellt durch Aminierung eines mit Propylenoxid gepfropften Diethylenglykols mit einer mittleren Molmasse von 220 wie z. B. Jeffamine® HK-511 (Fa. Huntsman), aliphatische Polyetheramine auf der Basis eines Copolymers aus Poly(tetramethylenetherglykol) und Polypropylenglykol mit einer mittleren Molmasse von 1000 wie z. B. Jeffamine® XTJ-542 (Fa. Huntsman), aliphatische Polyetheramine auf der Basis eines Copolymers aus Poly(tetramethylenetherglykol) und Polypropylenglykol mit einer mittleren Molmasse von 1900 wie z. B. Jeffamine® XTJ-548 (Fa. Huntsman), aliphatische Polyetheramine auf der Basis eines Copolymers aus Poly(tetramethylenetherglycol) und Polypropylenglycol mit einer mittleren Molmasse von 1400 wie z. B. Jeffamine® XTJ-559 (Fa. Huntsman), Polyethertriamine auf der Basis eines mit Butylenoxid gepfropften mindestens dreiwertigen Alkohols mit einer mittleren Molmasse von 400 wie z. B. Jeffamine® XTJ-566 (Fa. Huntsman), aliphatische Polyetheramine, hergestellt durch Aminierung von mit Butylenoxid aufgepfropften Alkoholen mit einer mittleren Molmasse von 219 wie z. B. Jeffamine® XTJ-568 (Fa. Huntsman), Polyetheramine auf der Basis von Pentaerythrit und Propylenoxid mit einer mittleren Molmasse von 600 wie z. B. Jeffamine® XTJ-616 (Fa. Huntsman), Polyetheramine auf der Basis von Triethylenglykol mit einer mittleren Molmasse von 148, z. B. Jeffamine® EDR-148 (Fa. Huntsman), difunktionelle, primäre Polyetheramine, hergestellt durch Aminierung eines mit Propylenoxid gepfropften Ethylenglykols mit einer mittleren Molmasse von 176 wie z. B. Jeffamine® EDR-176 (Fa. Huntsman) sowie Polyetheramine, hergestellt durch Aminierung von Poly-Tetrahydrofuran (Poly-THF) mit einer mittleren Molmasse von 250, z. B. PolyTHF-Amin 350 (Fa. BASF SE) und Mischungen dieser Amine;
• Polyamidoamine (Amidopolyamine), die durch die Reaktion von dimeren Fettsäuren (z. B. dimere Linolsäure) mit niedermolekularen Polyaminen wie Diethylentriamin, 1-(3-Aminopropyl)-3-aminopropan oder Triethylentetramin oder anderen Diaminen wie den zuvor genannten aliphatischen oder cycloaliphatischen Diaminen erhältlich sind;
• Addukte, die durch Umsetzung von Aminen, insbesondere Diaminen, mit einem Unterschuss an Epoxidharz bzw. Reaktivverdünner erhältlich sind, wobei man vorzugsweise solche Addukte einsetzt, worin etwa 5 bis 20 % der Epoxidgruppen mit Aminen, insbesondere Diaminen, umgesetzt worden sind;
• Phenalkamine, wie aus der Epoxidchemie bekannt;
• Mannichbasen, welche z. B. durch Kondensation von Polyaminen, vorzugsweise Diethylentriamin, Triethylentetramin, Isophorondiamin, 2,2,4- bzw. 2,4,4-Trimethylhexamethylendiamin, 1,3- und 1,4-Bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexan mit Aldehyden, vorzugsweise Formaldehyd und ein- oder mehrwertigen Phenolen mit mindestens einer aldehydreaktiven Kernstelle, z. B. die verschiedenen Kresole und Xylenole, p-tert.-Butylphenol, Resorcin, 4,4'-Dihydroxydiphenylmethan, 4,4'-Dihydroxydiphenyl-2,2-propan, vorzugsweise aber Phenol, hergestellt werden;

sowie Mischungen der vorgenannten Aminhärter.Preferred polyamino-containing compounds (A) have on average at least two primary and / or secondary amino groups per molecule, for. B. two, three or four primary or secondary amino groups per molecule, on. They may also contain one or more tertiary amino groups. Suitable polyamines are, for example

• aliphatic polyamines such as ethylenediamine, 1,2- and 1,3-propanediamine, neopentanediamine, hexamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine, 1,10-diaminodecane, 1,12-diaminododecane, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, trimethylhexamethylenediamine, dimethylpropylenediamine, 1- (3-aminopropyl 3-aminopropane, 1,3-bis (3-aminopropyl) propane, 4-ethyl-4-methylamino-1-octylamine and the like;
• cycloaliphatic diamines such as 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, 1-methyl-2,4-diaminocyclohexane, 4- (2-aminopropan-2-yl) -1-methylcyclohexan-1-amine, Isophoronediamine, 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 4,8-diamino-tricyclo [5.2.1.0] decane, norbornanediamine, menthanediamine, menthenediamine and the like;
• aromatic diamines such as toluenediamine, xylylenediamine, especially meta-xylylenediamine, bis (4-aminophenyl) methane (MDA or methylenedianiline), bis (4-aminophenyl) sulfone (also known as DADS, DDS or dapsone) and the like;
• cyclic polyamines such as piperazine, N-aminoethylpiperazine and the like;
• Polyetheramines, in particular difunctional and trifunctional primary polyetheramines based on polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polybutylene oxide, poly (1,4-butanediol), polytetrahydrofuran (poly-THF) or polypentylene, z. 4,7,10-trioxatridecane-1,3-diamine, 4,7,10-trioxatridecane-1,13-diamine, 1,8-diamino-3,6-dioxaoctane (XTJ-504, Huntsman Co.) , 1,10-diamino-4,7-dioxadecane (XTJ-590, Huntsman), 1,12-diamino-4,9-dioxadodecane (BASF SE), 1,3-diamino-4,7, 10-trioxatridecane (BASF SE), primary polyetheramines based on polypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 230 such as. B. Polyetheramine D 230 (BASF SE) or Jeffamine® D 230 (Huntsman), difunctional, primary polyether amines based on polypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 400, z. B. polyetheramines D 400 (BASF SE) or Jeffamine® XTJ 582 (Huntsman), difunctional, primary polyether amines based on polypropylene glycol having an average molar mass of 2000 such as. B. Polyetheramine D 2000 (BASF SE), Jeffamine® D2000 or Jeffamine® XTJ 578 (each Fa. Huntsman), difunctional, primary polyether amines based on propylene oxide having an average molecular weight of 4000 such. As polyetheramine D 4000 (BASF SE), trifunctional, primary polyether amines prepared by reaction of propylene oxide with trimethylolpropane, followed by amination of the terminal OH groups having an average molecular weight of 403 such as. B. Polyetheramine T 403 (BASF SE) or Jeffamine® T 403 (Huntsman), trifunctional, primary polyetheramines prepared by reaction of propylene oxide with glycerol, followed by an amination of the terminal OH groups with an average molecular weight of 5000 such as B. Polyetheramine T 5000 (BASF SE) or Jeffamine® T 5000 (Huntsman), aliphatic polyetheramines, which are composed of a grafted with propylene oxide polyethylene glycol and have an average molecular weight of 600, such as. B. Jeffamine® ED-600 or Jeffamine® XTJ-501 (each Fa. Huntsman), aliphatic polyetheramines, which are composed of a grafted with propylene oxide polyethylene glycol and have an average molecular weight of 900, such as. B. Jeffamine® ED-900 (Huntsman), aliphatic polyetheramines, which are composed of a grafted with propylene oxide polyethylene glycol and have an average molecular weight of 2000, such as. B. Jeffamine® ED-2003 (Huntsman), difunctional, primary polyether amines prepared by amination of a propylene oxide-grafted diethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 220 such as. B. Jeffamine® HK-511 (Huntsman), aliphatic polyether amines based on a copolymer of poly (tetramethylene ether glycol) and polypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 1000 such as. B. Jeffamine® XTJ-542 (Huntsman), aliphatic polyether amines based on a copolymer of poly (tetramethylene ether glycol) and polypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 1900 such. Jeffamine® XTJ-548 (Huntsman), aliphatic polyetheramines based on a copolymer of poly (tetramethylene ether glycol) and polypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 1400 such as. B. Jeffamine® XTJ-559 (Huntsman), polyether triamines based on a butylene oxide grafted at least trivalent alcohol having an average molecular weight of 400 such as. B. Jeffamine® XTJ-566 (Huntsman), aliphatic polyetheramines, prepared by amination of Butylenoxid grafted alcohols having an average molecular weight of 219 such. B. Jeffamine® XTJ-568 (Huntsman), polyether amines based on pentaerythritol and propylene oxide having an average molecular weight of 600 such. B. Jeffamine® XTJ-616 (Huntsman), polyether amines based on triethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 148, z. B. Jeffamine® EDR-148 (Huntsman), difunctional, primary polyether amines prepared by amination of a grafted with propylene oxide ethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 176 such. B. Jeffamine® EDR-176 (Huntsman) and polyether amines, prepared by amination of poly-tetrahydrofuran (poly-THF) having an average molecular weight of 250, z. B. PolyTHF-amine 350 (BASF SE) and mixtures of these amines;
• Polyamidoamines (amidopolyamines) obtained by the reaction of dimeric fatty acids (eg dimeric linoleic acid) with low molecular weight polyamines such as diethylenetriamine, 1- (3-aminopropyl) -3-aminopropane or triethylenetetramine or other diamines such as the abovementioned aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diamines available;
• Adducts which are obtainable by reaction of amines, in particular diamines, with a deficiency of epoxy resin or reactive diluents, preference being given to using those adducts in which about 5 to 20% of the epoxide groups have been reacted with amines, in particular diamines;
• Phenolic amines as known in epoxy chemistry;
• Mannich bases, which z. Example by condensation of polyamines, preferably diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, isophoronediamine, 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine, 1,3- and 1,4-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane with aldehydes, preferably formaldehyde and mono- or polyhydric phenols with at least one aldehyde-reactive core site, eg. The various cresols and xylenols, p-tert-butylphenol, resorcinol, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl-2,2-propane, but preferably phenol;

and mixtures of the aforementioned amine hardeners.

The polyamino group-containing compound (A) is preferably selected from the group of (cyclo) aliphatic diamines, the (cyclo) aliphatic triamines and / or the polyether amines.

It is also possible to use mixtures of different monomeric, oligomeric and / or polymeric polyamines as component (A). In particular, mixtures of various aliphatic di- and / or aliphatic triamines, mixtures of various cycloaliphatic di- and / or cycloaliphatic triamines and mixtures of various aliphatic di- and / or aliphatic triamines with cycloaliphatic di- and / or cycloaliphatic triamines are used as component (A). Preference is furthermore given to using polyetheramines, in particular difunctional and trifunctional primary polyether amines based on propylene oxide, more preferably trifunctional primary polyetheramines prepared by reaction of propylene oxide with trimethylolpropane, followed by amination of the terminal OH groups.

The coating composition according to the invention preferably contains from 3 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably from 5 to 25% by weight, of at least one polyamino group-containing compound (A), the percentages by weight in each case being based on the binder content of the coating composition [ So based on the total weight of the binder content of the invention Compounds (B) plus the binder content of the polyamine (A) plus weight of the optionally used catalyst (D)].

The compounds (B) having at least two alkylidene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one groups of the formula (I ')

wobei # für die Anbindung an das Polymerrückgrat steht und

R¹, R²

unabhängig voneinander für Wasserstoff, C₁-C₆-Alkyl, C₁-C₄-Alkoxy-C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₅-C₆-Cycloalkyl, Phenyl oder Phenyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl stehen;

R3

für Wasserstoff, C₁-C₆-Alkyl, C₁-C₄-Alkoxy-C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₅-C₆-Cycloalkyl, Phenyl oder Phenyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl steht, wobei R³ insbesondere für Wasserstoff steht;

A

für eine chemische Bindung oder C₁-C₄-Alkandiyl steht, wobei A insbesondere für C₁-C₄-Alkandiyl steht;

X

für O oder NR₇ steht;

Z

für eine chemische Bindung, PO₂, SO₂ oder C=O steht, wobei Z insbesondere für C=O steht;

Y

für eine chemische Bindung, CH₂ oder CHCH₃ steht, wobei Y insbesondere für eine chemische Bindung steht;

R⁷

sofern vorhanden, für C₁-C₆-Alkyl steht.

It is essential to the invention that the compounds (B) used according to the invention comprise at least two alkylidene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one groups of the formula (I '):

where # represents the attachment to the polymer backbone and

R ¹ , R ²

independently of one another represent hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkoxy-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, C ₅ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenyl-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl;

R3

is hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkoxy-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, C ₅ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenyl-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, where R ^{3 is} in particular hydrogen;

A

is a chemical bond or C ₁ -C ₄ alkanediyl, wherein A is in particular C ₁ -C ₄ alkanediyl;

X

is O or NR ₇ ;

Z

is a chemical bond, PO ₂ , SO ₂ or C = O, where Z is in particular C = O;

Y

represents a chemical bond, CH ₂ or CHCH ₃ , wherein Y is in particular a chemical bond;

R ⁷

if present, is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl.

Such compounds (B) have a high reactivity in combination with the amino group-containing compounds (A), without those with isocyanates to have associated disadvantages. They are therefore particularly suitable as a replacement for polyfunctional isocyanates in numerous applications, in particular for coating compositions for automotive OEM finishing, automotive refinishing and the coating of attachments and plastics.

It has surprisingly been found that the compounds (B) described in more detail below by polymerization using ethylenically unsaturated monomers having an alkylidene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one group and another ethylenically unsaturated double bond, to obtain Alkylidene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one group can be produced. This is surprising since it is variously described in the literature that the methylene group polymerizes in methylene-1,3-dioxolan-2-ones under free-radical conditions, see, for example, in US Pat Journal of Network Polymer, Japan 2005, 26, 132-137 . Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun. 1989, 10, 453-456 ,

wobei

R¹, R² , R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, A, X, Z, Y, R⁷ und R⁸

die in Anspruch 1 angegebene Bedeutung haben,

und
mindestens zwei unterschiedlichen, jeweils von dem Monomer (B1) verschiedenen, Comonomeren (B2) und (B3).The compounds (B) used according to the invention are therefore obtainable using at least one monomer (B1) of the formula (I)

in which

R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , A, X, Z, Y, R ⁷ and R ⁸

have the meaning given in claim 1,

and
at least two different, each of the monomer (B1) different comonomers (B2) and (B3).

Here and below, the prefix "C _n -C _m -" used to define substituents and chemical compounds indicates the number of possible C atoms of the substituent or the compound.

Unless otherwise specified, the following general definitions apply to the terms used in connection with the substituents in the context of the present invention:
"Alkyl" is a linear or branched alkyl radical having, for example, 1 to 4 (C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl), 1 to 6 (C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl) or 1 to 20 carbon atoms (C ₁ -C ₂₀ -alkyl ). Examples of C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl (2-methylpropan-2-yl). Examples of C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl are, in addition to the meanings mentioned for C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, furthermore n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl , 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2 , 2-Dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1 ethyl-2-methylpropyl. Examples of C ₁ -C ₂₀ -alkyl are, besides the meanings mentioned for C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, furthermore heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl , Nonadecyl, eicosyl and their constitutional isomers.

"C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl" is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms bonded via an oxygen atom, such as. Methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1-methylethoxy (isopropoxy), n-butoxy, 1-methylpropoxy (sec-butoxy), 2-methylpropoxy (isobutoxy) or 1,1-dimethylethoxy (tert-butoxy), which is bonded in the form of an ether bond via the oxygen to a C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl group as defined above. Examples are methoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, ethoxymethyl, 3-methoxypropyl, 3-ethoxypropyl.

"C ₅ -C ₆ cycloalkyl" means a cyclic alkyl radical of 5 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples are cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.

"Phenyl-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl" means a phenyl group attached to a C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl group as previously defined. Examples are benzyl, phenylethyl, phenylpropyl, phenylbutyl.

"C ₁ -C ₄ alkanediyl" represents an alkanediyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples are methanediyl, 1,1-ethanediyl, 1,2-ethanediyl, 1-methyl-1,1-ethanediyl, 1-methyl-1,2-ethanediyl, 1,3-propanediyl, 1,4-butanediyl, 1, 1-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediyl and 1,2-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediyl.

"C ₁ -C ₈ alkoxy" is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms bonded via an oxygen atom. Examples are methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1-methylethoxy (isopropoxy), n-butoxy, 1-methylpropoxy (sec-butoxy), 2-methylpropoxy (isobutoxy), 1,1-dimethylethoxy (tert-butoxy), n-pentoxy, 1-methylbutoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, 3-methylbutoxy, 1,1-dimethylpropoxy, 1,2-dimethylpropoxy, 2,2-dimethylpropoxy, 1-ethylpropoxy, 2-ethylpropoxy, n-hexoxy, 1-methylpentoxy, 2-methylpentoxy, 3-methylpentoxy, 4-methylpentoxy, 1-ethylbutoxy, 2-ethylbutoxy, 3-ethylbutoxy, 1,2-dimethylbutoxy, 1,3-dimethylbutoxy, 2,3-dimethylbutoxy, 1-ethyl-2-methylpropoxy and 1-Isopropylpropoxy.

"C ₁ -C ₄ -alkylcarbonyl" is a C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl radical bonded via a carbonyl group, as defined above, eg. For acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, pivaloyl, etc.

R¹

steht für Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₆-Alkyl, insbesondere für Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₄-Alkyl und speziell für Methyl oder Ethyl;

R²

steht für Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₆-Alkyl, insbesondere für C₁-C₄-Alkyl und speziell für Methyl oder Ethyl;

R³

steht für Wasserstoff;

A

steht für C₁-C₄-Alkandiyl, insbesondere für Methandiyl, 1,2-Ethandiyl oder 1,3-Propandiyl, besonders bevorzugt 1,2-Ethandiyl;

X

steht für O;

Z

steht für C=O;

Y

steht für eine chemische Bindung;

R⁴

steht für Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₄-Alkyl, insbesondere für Wasserstoff oder Methyl;

R⁵

steht für Wasserstoff;

R⁶

steht für Wasserstoff;

R⁷

sofern vorhanden, steht für C₁-C₄-Alkyl;

R⁸

sofern vorhanden, steht für C₁-C₄-Alkyl.

With regard to preferred embodiments of the invention, the radicals or groups R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ , A, X, Z and Y in the compounds of the formula I. and the groups of the formula I 'independently of one another preferably have one or more or all of the following meanings:

R ¹

is hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, in particular hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl and especially methyl or ethyl;

R ²

is hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, in particular C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl and especially methyl or ethyl;

R ³

is hydrogen;

A

C ₁ -C ₄ -alkanediyl, in particular methanediyl, 1,2-ethanediyl or 1,3-propanediyl, particularly preferably 1,2-ethanediyl;

X

stands for O;

Z

stands for C = O;

Y

stands for a chemical bond;

R ⁴

is hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, in particular hydrogen or methyl;

R ⁵

is hydrogen;

R ⁶

is hydrogen;

R ⁷

if present, is C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl;

R ⁸

if present, stands for C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl.

The preparation of the compounds of the formula I succeeds generally by the method explained in more detail below, in which a compound of general formula II with a compound of general formula III:

In formula II, L 'is hydrogen or a hydroxyl or amino protecting group, e.g. B. a C ₁ -C ₄ alkylcarbonyl group. The variables A, X, R ¹ , R ² and R ³ have the abovementioned meanings, in particular the meanings mentioned as preferred.

In formula III, L is a nucleophilically displaceable leaving group, for example halogen, OH or C ₁ -C ₈ -alkoxy. The variables Y, Z, R ⁴ , R ⁵ and R ⁶ have the abovementioned meanings, in particular the meanings mentioned as preferred.

The reaction of the compounds of the formulas II and III can be carried out analogously to known processes of nucleophilic substitution. If L'is a hydroxyl or amino protective group, this protective group is usually removed before the reaction of compound II with compound III, or reaction conditions are selected under which the protective group is split off, so that the actual reactant is the compound of formula II wherein L 'is hydrogen.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in formula III the variables Z are C = O and L is OH or C ₁ -C ₈ -alkoxy. In this case, the reaction of compound III with compound II, if appropriate after removal of the hydroxyl or amino protective group, succeeds in the sense of an amidation or esterification or transesterification reaction.

In particular, the esterification or transesterification is suitable for the preparation of compounds of the formula I in which Z is C =O and X is O, A is C ₁ -C ₄ -alkanediyl, R ^{4 is} hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₄ - Alkyl, especially hydrogen or methyl, and R ⁵ and R ^{6 are} hydrogen. In this case, preferred reactants of the formula III are selected from the C ₁ -C ₈ -alkyl esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, hereinafter C ₁ -C ₈ -alkyl (meth) acrylates, eg. (Meth) acrylic acid, methyl, ethyl, n-butyl and 2-ethylhexyl esters and most preferably (meth) acrylic acid C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl esters, for. B. (meth) acrylic acid methyl, ethyl and n-butyl ester.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, in formula III the variables L are OH or C ₁ -C ₈ -alkoxy, Z is C = O and in formula II X is O and the reaction of compound II with compound III is carried out under the conditions an esterification or transesterification carried out. In a specific embodiment of this embodiment, L 'in formula II is hydrogen or a C ₁ -C ₄ -alkylcarbonyl group, especially an acetyl group.

In a preferred embodiment, the compounds of the formula I are prepared by esterification or transesterification under enzyme catalysis.

The enzyme-catalyzed esterification or transesterification can be carried out in analogy to those in Biotechnol. Lett. 1990, 12, 825-830 . Biotechnol. Lett. 1994, 16, 241-246 . US 5240835 . WO 2004/05088 or DE 102009003035 described methods are fully referenced here.

Enzymes (E) which can be used for enzyme-catalyzed esterification or transesterification are selected, for example, from hydrolases, esterases (EC 3.1.-.-), lipases (EC 3.1.1.3), glycosylases (EC 3.2.-.-) and proteases (EC 3.4.-.-) in free or on a support chemically or physically immobilized form, preferably lipases , Esterases or proteases. Particular preference is given to Novozym® 435 from Novozymes (lipase from Candida antarctica B) or lipase from Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus niger sp., Mucor sp., Penicillium cyclopium sp., Geotricum candidum sp., Rhizopus javanicus, Burkholderia sp. Candida sp., Pseudomonas sp. or porcine pancreas, most preferably Lipase from Candida antarctica B or from Burholderia sp.

The enzyme content in the reaction medium is generally in the range of about 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, based on the sum of the reactants used of the formula II and III.

The compounds of the formula I can also be prepared by conventional esterification or transesterification under the usual reaction conditions of an acid-catalyzed esterification or an acid- or base-catalyzed transesterification.

Protic acids, for example sulfuric acid, sodium hydrogensulfate, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, monosodium dihydrogenphosphate, disodium hydrogenphosphate, pyrophosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, methanesulphonic acid, trifluoromethanesulphonic acid, p-toluenesulphonic acid and mixtures thereof are particularly suitable as acid catalysts for an acid-catalyzed esterification. Also suitable are Lewis acids such. B. Ti and Sn compounds. Also suitable are acidic ion exchange resins, eg. As sulfonated or carboxylated ion exchange resins, each in their acidic form.

Suitable basic catalysts for transesterification are metal hydroxides and / or alcoholates, in particular of metals of groups 1, 2 and 13 of the Periodic Table, for example alkali metal hydroxides such as NaOH or KOH and alkali metal and Erdalkalimetallalkanolate, in particular the corresponding methanolates or ethanolates such as sodium or potassium methoxide or sodium or potassium. Also suitable are ion-exchanging resins.

The acidic or basic catalysts are generally used in a concentration of 0.0001 wt .-% to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.001 wt .-% to 10 wt .-%, based on the total reaction mixture.

The esterification or transesterification reaction of II with III can be designed, for example, as a batch process. In this case, the compounds of the formulas II and III are generally introduced into a reaction vessel and reacted with one another with the addition of the catalyst or of the enzyme. Alternatively, the esterification or transesterification reaction can be designed as a semi-batch process. For example, one of the reactants, e.g. As the compound II or compound III, as well as the catalyst or the enzyme and supply the other reactants in the course of the reaction. In addition, the compound of the formula I can be prepared by continuous reaction of the compound II with the compound III. For this purpose, for example, the compounds II and III continuously a reaction zone which contains the catalyst, and the compound of formula I, optionally together with the coupling products formed in the reaction, for. As alcohol or ester, continuously remove the reaction zone. Optionally, the catalyst or enzyme will also be added to the reaction zone. Both in the semi-batch, as well as in the continuous reaction, the reactants, ie the compounds of formulas II and III, preferably in the liquid phase, through a reaction zone containing the catalyst or the enzyme as a stationary phase.

The reaction time depends inter alia on the temperature, the amount used and the activity of the acid, base or enzyme catalyst and the required conversion and on the structure of the compound II. Preferably, the reaction time is adjusted so that the conversion of the compound II at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, particularly preferably at least 90%, very particularly preferably at least 95% and in particular at least 97%. As a rule, 1 to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 12 hours and particularly preferably 1 to 6 hours are sufficient for this.

The enzyme-catalyzed or conventionally catalyzed esterification or transesterification is generally carried out at temperatures in the range of 0 to 100 ° C, preferably 20 to 80 ° C and particularly preferably 20 to 70 ° C.

The molar ratio of compound II to compound III can be varied within a wide range. Preferably, the compound III is used in excess, based on the stoichiometry of the reaction. In general, the molar ratio of compound II to compound III is in the range of 1: 100 to 1: 1, preferably 1:50 to 1: 1, more preferably 1:20 to 1: 1. Preferably, the compound of the formula III im In excess, so that they together with the liberated coproduct, usually an alcohol or the ester-coupled product formed in a transesterification (when XL 'in formula II for alkylcarbonyloxy and YL in formula III for alkoxycarbonyl) under reduced pressure, for example as an azeotrope, can be distilled off. Additionally or alternatively, the liberated water or the alcohol or the ester z. B. be bound by means of molecular sieve. In this way, the reaction equilibrium is shifted in favor of the compound of formula I.

The enzyme-catalyzed as well as the conventionally catalyzed esterification or transesterification can be carried out in organic solvents or mixtures thereof or without the addition of solvents. The As a rule, batches are substantially anhydrous (ie below 10% by volume, preferably below 5% by volume, particularly preferably below 1% by volume of water content).

The proportion of organic solvents in the reaction mixture can be, for example, from 0.1 to 50% by weight and, if a solvent is used, is preferably in the range from 0.5 to 30% by weight or in the range from 1 to 10% by weight. %. Preferably, no or less than 1% by weight organic solvent is added to the enzyme or conventionally catalyzed esterification or transesterification.

The preparation of the compound I can be carried out in the presence of at least one polymerization inhibitor. As polymerization inhibitors, for example, 4-methoxyphenol (MeHQ), hydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, nitroso compounds such as isoacryl nitrate, nitrosodiphenylamine, N-Nitrosocyclohexylhydroxylamin, Methylene blue, phenothiazine or diphenylamine can be used. Preference is given to using 4-methoxyphenol (MeHQ) as the polymerization inhibitor.

The polymerization inhibitors are generally used, based on the amount of the compounds of the formula III, of from 1 to 10 000 ppm, preferably from 10 to 5000 ppm, more preferably from 30 to 2500 ppm and in particular from 50 to 1500 ppm.

The compounds of the formula III are known and generally commercially available.

The preparation of the compounds of the formula II can be carried out in analogy to known processes for the preparation of alkylidene-1,3-dioxolan-2-ones, as described, for example, in the cited prior art. Preferred compounds of formula II wherein R ^{3 is} Can be prepared, for example, by reacting the compound of the formula IV with CO ₂ , preferably using a catalyst (see Scheme 1):

In Scheme 1, R ¹ , R ² , A and X have the meanings given above. L "stands for an alcohol or amino protective group and in particular for C ₁ -C ₄ -alkylcarbonyl, especially for acetyl, X stands for oxygen in particular, A stands in particular for C ₁ -C ₄ -alkanediyl.

As catalysts in principle transition metal catalysts in question, containing as the active metal, for example, silver, copper, gold, palladium or platinum, z. As silver salts such as silver acetate, silver carbonate, copper (II) salts such as copper acetate or copper (I) halides such as CuI, CuBr, CuCl, further palladium (0) catalysts, wherein the aforementioned transition metal compounds optionally in combination with an organic Amine, e.g. A tri-C ₁ -C ₆ -alkylamine such as triethylamine or an amidine base such as 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene (DBN) or 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec -7-ene (DBU), or with an organic phosphine, e.g. As trialkylphosphines or triarylphosphines such as tributylphosphine and triphenylphosphine, or in combination with a mixture of one of the aforementioned phosphines with an ammonium salt, such as tri-C ₁ -C ₆ -alkylammonium halides or tetra-C ₁ -C ₆ -alkylammoniumhalogeniden used , As catalysts further organic phosphines as such, for. B. trialkylphosphines or triarylphosphines such as tributylphosphine or triphenylphosphine, as well as sterically hindered carbenes, e.g. B. 1,3-substituted 2,3-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene compounds such as 1,3-diisopropyl-2,3-dihydro-4,5-imidazol-2-ylidene or their CO ₂ adducts, as well as combinations thereof with the aforementioned phosphines into consideration. The reaction can be carried out without pressure or preferably under elevated pressure, for. B. at 50 to 500 bar, or be carried out in supercritical CO ₂ . With regard to the reaction conditions, reference is made to the aforementioned literature.

Instead of CO ₂ , a carboxylic anhydride such as bis (tert-butyl) dicarbonic anhydride (Boc ₂ O) can be used. In this case, the reaction is usually carried out in two stages, wherein in the first stage, the compound IV with an ester of Biskohlensäureanhydrids, z. B. with Boc ₂ O, in the presence of a base, for example sodium hydride, and the resulting ester in the presence of a transition metal catalyst, eg. As a gold-containing catalyst, cyclized. Such an approach is for example in Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 515-518 described, which is incorporated herein by reference.

In the coating compositions according to the invention, preference is given to using compounds (B) in which R ¹ and R ² in the formula (I ') are each hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, in particular methyl, and / or R ^{3 is} hydrogen , Also preferably used are compounds (B) in which in the formula (I ') A is ethanediyl, X is O, Z is C = O and Y is a chemical bond and which can be obtained by using the corresponding monomers (B1 ).

worin A, X, Y, Z, R¹, R² und R³ die in einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche genannten Bedeutungen aufweisen und

R⁴

für Wasserstoff, C₁-C₄-Alkyl, CH₂COOR⁸, Phenyl oder Phenyl-C₁ C₄-alkyl steht;

R⁵, R⁶

unabhängig voneinander für Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₄-Alkyl stehen oder einer der Reste R⁵ oder R⁶ auch für COOR⁸ oder CH₂COOR⁸ stehen kann,

R⁸

sofern vorhanden, für Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₆-Alkyl steht.

Preferably, the compound (B) is obtainable using at least 10% by weight, based on the total amount of the ethylenically unsaturated compounds forming the polymer, of at least one monomer (B1) of the formula I.

wherein A, X, Y, Z, R ¹ , R ² and R ^{3 have} the meanings mentioned in one of the preceding claims, and

R ⁴

is hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, CH ₂ COOR ⁸ , phenyl or phenyl-C ₁ C ₄ alkyl;

R ^5, R ⁶

independently of one another represent hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl or one of the radicals R ⁵ or R ^{6 may} also stand for COOR ⁸ or CH ₂ COOR ⁸ ,

R ⁸

if present, is hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compound (B) is obtainable using from 10 to 80, preferably from 25 to 70,% and particularly preferably from 35 to 65,% by weight of at least one monomer (B1) of the formula I. and from 20 to 90% by weight, preferably from 30 to 75% by weight and particularly preferably from 35 to 65% by weight, of at least two different comonomers (B2) and (B3), each of which is different from (B1), and optionally B4), optionally (B5), optionally (B6) to optionally (Bn), where the wt .-% information is based on the total weight of all monomers used for preparing the compound (B) (B1) plus (B2 ) plus (B3) plus, if appropriate, (B4) to (B7) plus, if appropriate, further comonomers (Bn) used. The sum of all parts by weight of all monomers (B1) plus all comonomers (B2) to (Bn) always gives correspondingly 100 wt .-%.

The compound (B) is particularly preferably obtainable by using 2 to 6 mutually different monoethylenically unsaturated comonomers (B2) to (B7).

The comonomers (B2), (B3), (B4), (B5), (B6), (B7) and optionally further comonomers (Bn) are preferably selected from the group of the vinylaromatic compounds and the esters of monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids aliphatic alkanols or the esters of monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with cycloaliphatic alkanols or mixtures of at least 2 of these comonomers.

Particularly preferred are the comonomers (B2), (B3), (B4), (B5), (B6), (B7) and optionally further comonomers (Bn) selected from the group of esters of monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic C ₃ -C ₆ Monocarboxylic acids with C ₁ -C ₈ -alkanols or the esters of monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic C ₃ -C ₆ -monocarboxylic acids with C ₅ -C ₈ -cycloalkanols or the vinylaromatic compounds or mixtures of at least 2 of these comonomers.

Examples of comonomers (B2), (B3), (B4), (B5), (B6), (B7) and optionally further comonomers (Bn) suitable esters of monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with aliphatic alkanols are in particular the esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, 2-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, 3 , 3,5-trimethylhexyl acrylate, 3,3,5-trimethylhexyl methacrylate, stearyl acrylate, stearyl methacrylate, lauryl acrylate or lauryl methacrylate, and the corresponding esters of crotonic acid and isocrotonic acid.

Examples of comonomers (B2), (B3), (B4), (B5), (B6), (B7) and optionally further comonomers (Bn) suitable esters of monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with cycloaliphatic alkanols are esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid such Cyclopentyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclopentyl methacrylate, Cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate and the corresponding esters of crotonic acid and isocrotonic acid.

Examples of vinylaromatic hydrocarbons suitable as comonomers are styrene, α-methylstyrene and the vinyltoluene isomers.

• Mischungen von mindestens zwei, bevorzugt 2 bis 6, verschiedenen Estern monoethylenisch ungesättigter aliphatischer Monocarbonsäuren mit aliphatischen Alkanolen oder
• Mischungen von mindestens zwei, bevorzugt 2 bis 6, verschiedenen Estern monoethylenisch ungesättigter aliphatischer Monocarbonsäuren mit cycloaliphatischen Alkanolen oder
• Mischungen von mindestens zwei, bevorzugt 2 bis 6, verschiedenen vinylaromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen

eingesetzt werden.As comonomer (B2), (B3) (B4), (B5), (B6), (B7) and optionally further comonomers (Bn) can be included

• Mixtures of at least two, preferably 2 to 6, different esters of monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with aliphatic alkanols or
• Mixtures of at least two, preferably 2 to 6, different esters of monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with cycloaliphatic alkanols or
• Mixtures of at least two, preferably 2 to 6, different vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons

be used.

• Mischungen von mindestens zwei, bevorzugt 2 bis 6, verschiedenen Comonomeren aus mindestens einem Ester monoethylenisch ungesättigter C3-C6-Monocarbonsäuren mit C1-C8-Alkanolen mit mindestens einem vinylaromatischen Kohlenwasserstoff oder
• Mischungen von mindestens zwei, bevorzugt 2 bis 6, verschiedenen Comonomeren aus mindestens einem Ester monoethylenisch ungesättigter C3-C6-Monocarbonsäuren mit C1-C8-Alkanolen mit mindestens einem Ester monoethylenisch ungesättigter C3-C6-Monocarbonsäuren mit C5-C8-Cycloalkanolen oder
• Mischungen von mindestens zwei, bevorzugt 2 bis 6, verschiedenen Comonomeren aus mindestens einem Ester monoethylenisch ungesättigter C3-C6-Monocarbonsäuren mit C5-C8-Cycloalkanolen mit mindestens einem vinylaromatischen Kohlenwasserstoff oder
• Mischungen von 3 bis 6 verschiedenen Comonomeren aus mindestens einem Ester monoethylenisch ungesättigter C3-C6-Monocarbonsäuren mit C1-C8-Alkanolen mit mindestens einem Ester monoethylenisch ungesättigter C3-C6-Monocarbonsäuren mit C5-C8-Cycloalkanolen und mit mindestens einem vinylaromatischem Kohlenwasserstoff.

Particular preference is given to using as comonomer (B2), (B3) (B4), (B5), (B6), (B7) and optionally further comonomers (Bn)

• Mixtures of at least two, preferably 2 to 6, different comonomers of at least one ester of monoethylenically unsaturated C3-C6 monocarboxylic acids with C1-C8 alkanols with at least one vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon or
• Mixtures of at least two, preferably 2 to 6, different comonomers of at least one ester of monoethylenically unsaturated C3-C6 monocarboxylic acids with C1-C8-alkanols with at least one ester of monoethylenically unsaturated C3-C6 monocarboxylic acids with C5-C8-cycloalkanols or
• Mixtures of at least two, preferably 2 to 6, different comonomers of at least one ester monoethylenic unsaturated C3-C6 monocarboxylic acids with C5-C8-cycloalkanols with at least one vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon or
• Mixtures of 3 to 6 different comonomers of at least one ester of monoethylenically unsaturated C3-C6 monocarboxylic acids with C1-C8-alkanols with at least one ester of monoethylenically unsaturated C3-C6 monocarboxylic acids with C5-C8-cycloalkanols and with at least one vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon.

Very particular preference is given to using a mixture of a vinylaromatic hydrocarbon and 2 to 4 different alkyl esters of C 1 -C 8 -alkanols with acrylic acid and / or with methacrylic acid.

The compounds (B) used according to the invention generally have a number average molecular weight in the range from 300 to 100,000 daltons, in particular in the range from 500 to 15,000 daltons, more preferably from 900 to 10,000 daltons, and weight average molecular weights between 500 and 200,000 daltons, preferably 500 to 20,000 daltons, and more preferably between 1000 and 15,000 daltons, each measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) against a polystyrene standard.

The polymerization of the monomers can be carried out by conventional methods of radical polymerization. These include solution and precipitation polymerization, suspension polymerization and emulsion polymerization, including miniemulsion polymerization. In particular, the polymerization is carried out with the solution polymerization.

Suitable solvents or diluents are in particular those in which the monomers to be polymerized are soluble. Suitable solvents include in particular aprotic solvents. These include aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons, alkyl esters and cycloalkyl esters of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, N, N-dialkylamides of aliphatic carboxylic acids, alicyclic and cyclic ketones, ethers and mixtures of the abovementioned aprotic solvents.

In general, the organic solvent will be such that the amount of the monomers to be polymerized, based on the total amount of monomers plus solvent, in the range of 10 to 65 wt .-%, in particular in the range of 20 to 60 wt .-% lies. In a solution polymerization, accordingly, polymer solutions having solids contents in the range from 10 to 90% by weight and in particular from 20 to 80% by weight are obtained.

The polymerization of the monomers can be carried out by conventional methods of free-radical homo- or copolymerization. In general, this one will polymerize the monomers under reaction conditions in which form radicals.

The formation of the radicals is usually carried out by using a so-called polymerization initiator, d. H. a compound that forms radicals on decomposition, which can be triggered chemically, thermally or photochemically.

Suitable polymerization initiators include organic azo compounds, organic peroxides and hydroperoxides, inorganic peroxides and so-called redox initiators.

In particular, it has been proven, a small portion of the monomers, for. B. 0.1 to 20 wt .-%, based on the total amount of the monomers to be polymerized, optionally together with a portion or the total amount of polymerization initiator and a part or Total amount of the solvent or diluent to present in the polymerization, to start the polymerization, for example by heating the polymerization mixture, and then adding the remaining amount of the monomers and, if necessary, the remaining amount of polymerization initiator and solvent in the course of the polymerization.

The polymerization temperatures usually used for the polymerization, depending on the initiator system chosen, are generally in the range from 20 to 200 ° C., in particular in the range from 40 to 180 ° C. and especially in the range from 80 to 160 ° C.

The polymerization pressure is of minor importance and can be in the range of atmospheric pressure or slight negative pressure, for. B.> 800 mbar, or at overpressure, z. B. to 10 bar, lie, with higher or lower pressures can also be applied.

The polymerization time will usually not exceed 10 hours and is often in the range of 1 to 8 hours.

According to the invention, preference is given to using coating compositions which contain from 97 to 70% by weight, particularly preferably from 95 to 75% by weight, of the polycarbonate component (B), the percentages by weight in each case being based on the binder fraction of the coating agent [that is to say based on the total weight of the binder fraction of the compounds (B) according to the invention plus the binder fraction of the polyamine (A) plus the weight of the optionally used catalyst (D)].

Catalyst (D)

The coating compositions according to the invention may optionally contain at least one catalyst (D) for the crosslinking. The Catalysts are, if desired, in proportions of 0.01 wt .-% to about 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, based on the binder content of the coating composition [ie based on the total weight of the binder fraction of Compounds of the invention (B) plus the binder content of the polyamine (A) plus weight of the optionally used catalyst (D)] used.

wobei R₅ = Wasserstoff und R₁, R₂, R₃, und R₄ jeweils gleiche oder verschiedene Reste sind, wobei R₁ und R₃ Wasserstoff oder ein Alkylrest oder ein Arylrest sind und R₂ und R₄ ein Alkylrest oder ein Arylrest sind.Examples of suitable catalysts are, in particular, cyclic and bicyclic amines other than component (A), for example 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane, 4- (dimethylamino) pyridine, 1,5-diazabicyclo [4,3, 0] non-5-ene, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene, 1,5,7-triazabicyclo [4.4.0] dec-5-ene. Also suitable as catalyst (D) are also amidines of the formula (DI) and derivatives thereof, in particular based on a zinc amidine complex which can be prepared by reacting one or more zinc (II) biscarboxylates with an amidine of the formula (DI ) or with a mixture of two or more amidines of the formula (DI)

wherein R ₅ = hydrogen and R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , and R _{4 are} each the same or different radicals, wherein R ₁ and R _{3 are} hydrogen or an alkyl radical or an aryl radical and R ₂ and R _{4 is} an alkyl radical or an aryl radical are.

Such amidines and their derivatives are for example in the WO2012 / 123166 , of the WO 2012/123161 and the WO 2012/123198 described. Furthermore, also in the WO 2012/126796 and the WHERE 2013/110712 imidazoles and their derivatives are suitable as catalysts.

The combination of components (A), (B), optionally (D) and other components of the coating compositions

In the case of the particularly preferred 2-component (2K) coating compositions according to the invention, shortly before the application of the coating composition, a coating component comprising the polyamino group-containing compound (A) and further components described below, with a further paint component containing the carbonate group-containing compound (B) and if appropriate, further of the components described below are mixed in a manner known per se, the paint component containing the compound (A) generally containing the catalyst (D) and a part of the solvent.

The polyamino group-containing component (A) may be present in a suitable solvent. Suitable solvents are those which allow sufficient solubility of the polyaminogruppenhaltigen component.

The weight proportions of the polyamine (A) and the compounds (B) are preferably selected such that the molar equivalent ratio of the amino groups of the polyamino group-containing compound (A) to the carbonate groups (I ') of the component (B) is between 1: 0.5 and 1 : 1.5, preferably between 1: 0.8 and 1: 1.2, more preferably between 1: 0.85 and 1: 1.15.

The polyaminogruppenhaltige component (A) and / or the polycarbonate component (B) may be present in a suitable solvent.

Particularly suitable solvents (L) for the coating compositions of the invention are those which are chemically inert in the coating composition towards the compounds (A) and (B) and which also do not react with (A) and (B) in the curing of the coating composition. Examples of such solvents are aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, Solventnaphta®, Solvesso 100 or Hydrosol® (ARAL), alcohols, esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentyl acetate or ethyl ethoxypropionate, ethers or mixtures of the abovementioned solvents , The aprotic solvents or solvent mixtures preferably have a water content of not more than 1% by weight, more preferably not more than 0.5% by weight, based on the solvent.

The solvent or solvents are preferably used in the coating compositions according to the invention in an amount such that the binder content of the coating composition is at least 50% by weight, particularly preferably at least 60% by weight. It should be noted that in general with higher solids content, the viscosity of the coating composition increases and the course of the coating composition and thus the overall visual impression of the cured coating is worse.

In addition, the binder mixture or the coating composition according to the invention may comprise at least one conventional and known paint additive (F) other than components (A), (B) and (D) in effective amounts, i. in amounts preferably up to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably up to 20 wt .-% and in particular up to 10 wt .-%, each based on the binder content of the coating composition.

• insbesondere UV-Absorber;
• insbesondere Lichtschutzmittel wie HALS-Verbindungen, Benztriazole oder Oxalanilide;
• Radikalfänger;
• Slipadditive;
• Polymerisationsinhibitoren;
• Entschäumer;
• von der Komponente (A) verschiedene Reaktivverdünner, insbesondere Reaktivverdünner, die erst durch Reaktion mit weiteren Bestandteilen bzw. Wasser reaktiv werden, wie beispielsweise Incozol oder Asparaginsäureester
• von der Komponente (A) verschiedene Netzmittel wie Siloxane, fluorhaltige Verbindungen, Carbonsäurehalbester, Phosphorsäureester, Polyacrylsäuren und deren Copolymere oder Polyurethane;
• Haftvermittler;
• Verlaufsmittel;
• Rheologiehilfsmittel, beispielsweise auf Basis üblicher hydrophiler und/oder hydrophober pyrogener Kieselsäure, wie verschiedene Aerosil®-Typen, oder übliche Rheologiehilfsmittel auf Harnstoff-Basis
• filmbildende Hilfsmittel wie Cellulose-Derivate;
• Füllstoffe wie beispielsweise Nanopartikel auf der Basis von Siliziumdioxid, Aluminiumoxid oder Zirkoniumoxid; ergänzend wird noch auf das Römpp Lexikon »Lacke und Druckfarben« Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1998, Seiten 250 bis 252 , verwiesen;
• Flammschutzmittel.

Examples of suitable paint additives (F) are:

• in particular UV absorber;
• in particular light stabilizers such as HALS compounds, benzotriazoles or oxalanilides;
• Radical scavengers;
• slip additives;
• polymerization inhibitors;
• defoamers;
• from the component (A) different reactive diluents, in particular reactive diluents, which become reactive only by reaction with further constituents or water, such as incozole or aspartic acid esters
• wetting agents other than component (A), such as siloxanes, fluorine-containing compounds, carboxylic acid monoesters, phosphoric esters, polyacrylic acids and their copolymers or polyurethanes;
• Adhesion promoters;
• Leveling agents;
• Rheology aids, for example based on conventional hydrophilic and / or hydrophobic fumed silica, such as various Aerosil® types, or conventional urea-based rheology agents
• film-forming aids such as cellulose derivatives;
• Fillers such as nanoparticles based on silica, alumina or zirconia; In addition, it is still on the Römpp Lexikon »Paints and Printing Inks« Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1998, pages 250 to 252 , directed;
• Flame retardants.

Particular preference is given to coating compositions which contain from 5 to 25% by weight, based on the binder content of the coating composition, of at least one polyamino group-containing compound (A)
95 to 75% by weight, based on the binder content of the coating composition, of the polycarbonate group-containing compound (B),
0 to 10 wt .-%, based on the binder content of the coating composition according to the invention, at least one catalyst (D),
0 to 20 wt .-%, based on the binder content of the coating composition, at least one conventional and known paint additive (F)
contain.

The binder content of the coating composition is determined prior to crosslinking by weighing a small sample (P) of the coating composition and then determining the solid by drying at 130 ° C for 60 minutes, cooling and then re-weighing. The residue corresponds to the binder content of the sample (P). The binder content of the coating composition in wt .-% is then calculated accordingly from 100 times the quotient of the weight of the residue of the sample (P) after drying at 130 ° C divided by the weight of the sample (P) before drying.

The binder content of the individual components (A) and (B) of the coating composition is determined analogously by weighing a small sample (P) of the respective component (A) or (B) and subsequently determining the solids by adding 60 Is dried minutes at 130 ° C, cooled and then weighed again. The binder content of the component in% by weight then results from 100 multiplied by the quotient of the weight of the residue of the respective sample (P) after drying at 130 ° C divided by the weight of each sample (P) before drying.

If polyamines are used as component (A), which are liquid under atmospheric pressure of 1013 mbar and 25 ° C, the binder content for the component (A) refers to the weighed-in weight of the polyamine (A) without solvent or, in the case of solutions, to the calculated weight of the polyamine (A) determined from the concentration specified for the solution.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the binder mixture according to the invention or the coating composition according to the invention may contain further pigments and / or fillers and for the production of pigmented topcoats or pigmented undercoats or fillers, in particular pigmented topcoats. The pigments and / or fillers used for this purpose are known to the person skilled in the art. The pigments are usually employed in an amount such that the pigment-to-binder ratio is between 0.05: 1 and 1.5: 1, in each case based on the binder content of the coating composition.

Since the coatings according to the invention prepared from the coating compositions according to the invention also adhere well to already cured electrodeposition coatings, surfacer finishes, basecoats or customary and known clearcoats, they are excellently suitable for automotive refinish and / or for the coating of automotive paint in addition to use in automotive OEM (OEM) Automobile attachment parts and / or the coating of commercial vehicles.

The application of the coating compositions according to the invention can be carried out by all customary application methods, such as, for example, spraying, knife coating, brushing, pouring, dipping, impregnating, dropping or rolling. In this case, the substrate to be coated can rest as such, with the application device or system being moved. However, the substrate to be coated, in particular a coil, can also be moved, with the application system resting relative to the substrate or being moved in a suitable manner.

Preferably, spray application methods are used, such as compressed air spraying, airless spraying, high rotation, electrostatic spray application (ESTA), optionally combined with hot spray application such as hot air hot spraying.

The curing of the applied coating compositions according to the invention can take place after a certain rest period. The rest period serves, for example, for the course and degassing of the paint layers or for the evaporation of volatile components such as solvents. The rest period can be supported and / or shortened by the application of elevated temperatures and / or by a reduced air humidity, provided that no damage or changes in the paint layers occur, such as premature complete crosslinking.

The thermal curing of the coating compositions has no special features, but is carried out by the usual and known methods such as heating in a convection oven or irradiation with IR lamps. Here, the thermal curing can also be done gradually. Another preferred curing method is near infrared (NIR) curing.

Advantageously, the thermal curing takes place at a temperature of 20 to 200 ° C, preferably 40 to 190 ° C and in particular 50 to 180 ° C, for a time of 1 min to 10 h, preferably 2 min to 5 h and in particular 3 min up to 3 hours, although longer curing times may be used at low temperatures. For automotive refinishing and for the coating of plastic parts and the painting of commercial vehicles usually lower temperatures are applied, which are preferably between 20 and 80 ° C, in particular between 20 and 60 ° C.

The coating compositions of the invention are outstandingly suitable as decorative, protective and / or effect, coatings and coatings of bodies of vehicles (especially motor vehicles, such as bicycles, motorcycles, buses, trucks or cars) or parts thereof; of buildings in the interior and exterior; of furniture, windows and doors; of plastic moldings, in particular CDs and windows; of industrial small parts, of coils, containers and packaging; of white goods; of films; of optical, electrotechnical and mechanical components as well as glass hollow bodies and everyday objects.

The coating compositions according to the invention can therefore be applied, for example, to an optionally precoated substrate, it being possible for the coating compositions according to the invention to be both pigmented and unpigmented. In particular, the coating compositions and coatings according to the invention, in particular the clearcoats, in the technologically and aesthetically particularly demanding field of automotive OEM (OEM) and for coating plastic attachments for car bodies, especially for passenger cars of the upper class, such. For example, for the production of roofs, tailgates, hoods, fenders, bumpers, spoilers, sills, protective strips, side panels u.Ä., the painting of commercial vehicles, such as trucks, chain-driven construction vehicles, such as crane vehicles, wheel loaders and concrete mixers, Buses, rail vehicles, watercraft, aircraft and agricultural equipment such as tractors and combines, and parts thereof, as well as the automotive refinishing used, the automotive refinishing both the repair of the original paint on the line and the repair of local defects such as scratches, stone chips damage u.Ä ., as well as the complete repainting in appropriate Repair shops and car paint shops for the valorization of vehicles.

The plastic parts usually consist of ASA, polycarbonates, blends of ASA and polycarbonates, polypropylene, polymethyl methacrylates or impact-modified polymethylmethacrylates, in particular blends of ASA and polycarbonates, preferably with a polycarbonate content> 40%, in particular> 50%.

ASA is generally understood as meaning impact-modified styrene / acrylonitrile polymers in which graft copolymers of vinylaromatic compounds, in particular styrene, and of vinyl cyanides, in particular acrylonitrile, are present on polyalkyl acrylate rubbers in a copolymer matrix of, in particular, styrene and acrylonitrile.

The coating compositions according to the invention are particularly preferably used in multistage coating processes, in particular in processes in which a pigmented basecoat film is applied to an optionally precoated substrate, followed by a coating with the coating composition of the invention. The invention therefore also relates to effect and / or coloring multicoat paint systems comprising at least one pigmented basecoat film and at least one clearcoat film disposed thereon, which are characterized in that the clearcoat film has been prepared from the coating composition of the invention.

Both waterborne basecoats and basecoats based on organic solvents can be used. Suitable basecoats are for example in the EP-A-0 692 007 and in those in column 3, lines 50ff. described documents. Preferably, the applied basecoat is first dried, that is the basecoat film At least part of the organic solvent or of the water is removed in an evaporation phase. The drying is preferably carried out at temperatures from room temperature to 80 ° C. After drying, the coating composition of the invention is applied. Subsequently, the two-coat finish is preferably baked under conditions used in automotive OEM finishing at temperatures of 20 to 200 ° C for a period of 1 min to 10 h, wherein at the applied temperatures for the automotive refinishing, generally between 20 and 80 ° C, especially between 20 and 60 ° C, even longer curing times can be used.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the coating composition according to the invention is used as a transparent clearcoat for coating plastic substrates, in particular plastic attachment parts. The plastic attachment parts are preferably also coated in a multi-stage coating process, in which an optionally precoated or pretreated for better adhesion of the subsequent coatings substrate (eg flaming, corona or plasma treatment of the substrate), first a pigmented basecoat and then a layer with the coating composition of the invention are applied.

Examples Preparation of 5-methyl-hex-3-yne-1,5-diol

The synthesis was carried out analogously Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR 1965, 683 ,

In an 8 L reactor with 3-stage, 2-blade, offset shear blade stirrer and thermostat, 100.0 g (1.384 mol) of 3-butyn-1-ol (purity 97.0%) were heated at 20 ° C. under an N ₂ atmosphere. Acros) in 3.92 L toluene (purity 99.9%, BASF SE) dissolved and stirred 320.0 g (4.848 mol) KOH (purity 85.0%, BASF SE) was added. Within 20 minutes, a mixture of 441.0 ml (6.00 mol) of acetone and 320.9 ml of toluene was added. To the reaction was slowly added 3 liters of deionized water to completely dissolve the solid. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted twice with 2 L of ethyl acetate each time. The solvent of the combined organic phases was removed in vacuo (50 ° C., about 5 mbar). This gave 183.5 g of the product.

The identity of the product with the title compound was checked by gas chromatography (GC method: ESMA6F, 30 m RTX-5-amine 1 μm.32mm / 80-0-R: 15 ° C / min-250).

Preparation of acetic acid 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-hex-3-ynyl ester

100 g (0.78 mol) of 5-methyl-hex-3-yne-1,5-diol were dissolved in 800 ml of dichloromethane and cooled to 0 ° C. 113 ml (1.11 mol) of acetic anhydride were added in one portion. 127 ml (1.25 mol) of triethylamine were cooled to 0-2 ° C and added over 20 min. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h at 0 ° C. The cooling was removed and the reaction mixture was stirred at 20 ° C for 16 h. The mixture was cooled to 0 ° C and 1200 ml of a 5% hydrochloric acid solution was added keeping the temperature of the reaction mixture below 5 ° C. The mixture was extracted three times with 150 ml of tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE) and the combined organic phases were stirred four times for about 1 h with 400 ml of 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution until no more gas evolution was observed. The organic phase was washed with 1 L of deionized water, dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent removed. This gave 122.21 g (yield 92%) of a clear dark yellow liquid. The purity was determined by gas chromatography to 99.5%.
1 _H NMR (CDCl _3, 500 MHz): 1.5 (s, 6H, C (CH _{3) 2),} 2.1 (s, 3H, C (O) CH _3), 2.5 (t, 2H, CH ₂ CH ₂ O), 3.4 (bs, 1H, OH), 4.1 (t, 2H, CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ppm.

Preparation of 4,4-dimethyl-5- (3-acetoxypropylidene) -1,3-dioxolan-2-one (exo-VC-OAc)

50 g of acetic acid 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-hex-3-ynyl ester in 74 ml of toluene were placed in a 300 ml autoclave. To this was added 0.9 g of silver acetate and 7.8 g of 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU). The reaction mixture was heated to 70 ° C and a CO ₂ pressure of 50 bar was set. After 40 h, the mixture was depressurized to normal pressure and the reaction batch was washed twice with 100 ml of water each time and with 100 ml of 5% hydrochloric acid solution. The combined aqueous phases were extracted with 100 ml of toluene and the combined organic phases were dried over sodium carbonate. The solvent was removed and the residue obtained was recrystallized from 200 g of cyclohexane. This gave 35 g of the product of the title compound (purity> 99%). The identity of the title compound was checked by gas chromatography (GC method: 30m FFAP ID = 0.32mm, FD = 0.25μm, 80 ° C 6K / min to 250 ° C temp. Hold, retention time: 20.6min).
¹ H-NMR (CDCl _3, 500 MHz): 1.5 (s, 6H, C (C H ₃₎ 2), 2.1 (s, 3H, C (O) C H _3), 2.5 ( t, 2H, C H ₂ CH ₂ O), 3.4 (bs, 1H, O H ), 4.1 (t, 2H, CH ₂ C H ₂ O) ppm.

Preparation of [(3Z) -3- (5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-ylidene) propyl] acrylate (exo-VCA)

280 g (1.31 mol) of [(3Z) -3- (5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-ylidene) propyl] acetate (exo-VC-OAc), 1307 g ( 13.1 mol) of ethyl acrylate 0.28 g of 4-methoxyphenol (MeHQ) and 84 g (30% by weight) of Novozym® 435 from Novozymes were combined. The batch was stirred for 24 h at 40.degree. The reaction was filtered, washed with acetone and the solvent was removed at 40 ° C on a rotary evaporator. This gave 276.7 g of the product of the title compound with a purity of 92.4% (GC analysis).
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz): 1.6 (s, 6H), 2.5 (q, 2H), 4.2 (t, 2H), 4.7 (t, 1H), 5.84- 5.87 (dd, 1H), 6.09-6.16 (dd, 1H), 6.37-6.42 (dd, 1H) ppm.

Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples C1 to V5 Preparation of a copolymer with exo-VCA monomer (BE)

100 g of butyl acetate 98/100 were initially charged in a glass flask which had been heated by means of an oil bath and equipped with stirrer, thermometer and 2 feed vessels. For the monomer mixture, 20 g of n-butyl acrylate, 20 g of n-butyl methacrylate, 30 g of methyl methacrylate, 50 g of styrene and 80 g of exo-VCA were placed in one of the feed vessels. (Final solids content: 50%). The mixture was heated to 125 ° C in a stream of nitrogen and with stirring. In a further feed vessel, a solution of 12 g TBPEH (= tertiary butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate, Fa Pergan, Bocholt or United Initiators, Pullach) is presented. After reaching 125 ° C to start the Intiatorvorlauf so that a total running time of 220 minutes is given. 10 minutes after the Intiatorvorlauf starts the monomer mixture with a total lead time of 180 minutes. (= 30 minutes ini-lag). After completion of all feeds, the reaction mixture is held for a further 180 minutes at this temperature, then cooled.

The viscosity of the mixture thus obtained (measured by means of a mixture with a rotational viscometer Brookfield CAP 2000, spindle 3, 1000RPM) is found to be 39 mPa * s, the solids content (1h 130 ° C) is 44% ± 1%, the acid number is 1.4 mg KOH / g of solid resin and the equivalent weight is 555 g. The number average molecular weight is 3025 daltons, the weight average molecular weight is 8315 daltons as determined by gel permeation chromatography on the Agilent 1100 Series instrument at 35 ° C with a high performance liquid chromatography pump and the Agilent RIGI 1362A + UV G 1314A refractive index detector against a polystyrene standard.

Preparation of a copolymer with glycerol carbonate acrylate (B-V)

• Vorlage: 150,630g 1-Methoxy-2-propanol
• Zulauf 1: 98,440g Glycerincarbonatacrylat, 84,380g 2-Ethyl-Hexylacrylat, 98,440g Styrol
• Zulauf 2: 11,250g tert. -Butylperoctoat, 141,600g 1-Methoxy-2-propanol
• Zulauf 3: 1,410g tert. -Butylperoctoat, 17,750g 1-Methoxy-2-propanol Fahrweise

In einem 1L Polymerisationsgefäßes wurde 150,63g 1-Methoxy-2-propanol vorgelegt und unterRuhren und Stickstoffatmosphäre auf 120°C erhitzt. Bei 120°C wurde Zulauf 1 und Zulauf 2 gestartet und in 2 Stunden zudosiert. Anschließend wurde Zulauf 3 innerhalb von 0,25 Stunden zudosiert. Nach Beendigung der Zugabe wurde die resultierende Reaktionsmischung bei 120°C noch 120 Minuten gerührt. Man erhielt so eine Polymerlösung. Die so hergestellte Polymerlösung war klar und farblos. Sie hatte einen Feststoffgehalt von 47,6% und eine Viskosität von 324 mPas (Brookfield, Spindel 3/50 rpm, 20°C). Der K-Wert, bestimmt nach Fikentscher, betrug 15,6 (1%ig in Methoxypropanol, gemäß DIN EN ISO 1628-1). Der Glaspunkt wurde per DSC ermittelt und betrug 38°C gemäß DIN 51005.According to the example of polymer B of WO2012 / 130718 , Page 18, a copolymer was prepared using glycerol carbonate acrylate as follows:

• Original: 150.630 g of 1-methoxy-2-propanol
• Feed 1: 98.440 g of glycerol carbonate acrylate, 84.380 g of 2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, 98.440 g of styrene
• Feed 2: 11.250 g tert. Butyl peroctoate, 141.600 g of 1-methoxy-2-propanol
• Feed 3: 1.410 g tert. Butyl peroctoate, 17.750g 1-methoxy-2-propanol driving style

150.63 g of 1-methoxy-2-propanol were placed in a 1 L polymerization vessel and heated to 120 ° C under clocks and nitrogen atmosphere. At 120 ° C, feed 1 and feed 2 were started and added in 2 hours. Subsequently, feed 3 was metered in within 0.25 hours. After completion of the addition, the resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 120 ° C for a further 120 minutes. This gave a polymer solution. The polymer solution thus prepared was clear and colorless. It had a solids content of 47.6% and a viscosity of 324 mPas (Brookfield, spindle 3/50 rpm, 20 ° C). The K value, determined according to Fikentscher, was 15.6 (1% in methoxypropanol, according to DIN EN ISO 1628-1). The glass point was determined by DSC and was 38 ° C. according to DIN 51005.

Table 1 shows the comonomers used to prepare the copolymer (BE) or the comparative copolymer (BV) according to the invention and the characteristic numbers and compositions of the copolymer (BE) or of the comparative copolymer (BV) according to the invention. Table 1: Indicators and Compositions of the Copolymer of the Invention (BE) and of the Comparative Copolymer (BV) Exo-VC copolymer (BE) Glycerol carbonate copolymer (BV) styrene 25 35 n-butyl methacrylate 10 - n-butyl acrylate 10 - Glycerol carbonate acrylate (B1-V) - 35 ethylhexyl acrylate - 30 methyl methacrylate 15 - Exo-VC (B1-E) 40 TBPEH ¹⁾ 6 - t-butyl peroctoate - 4 methoxypropanol - 100 butyl 100 - FK in% 44.2% (1h 130 ° C) 47.2 (2h 100 ° C) Mn ²⁾ 3025 5320 Mw ³⁾ 8315 15000 Explanatory notes to Table 1:
¹⁾ TBPEH = t-butyl-2-ethylperoxyhexanoate
²⁾ Mn = number average molecular weight as determined by gel permeation chromatography on the Agilent 1100 Series instrument at 35 ° C with a high performance liquid chromatography pump and the Agilent RIGI 1362A + UV G 1314A refractive index detector against a polystyrene standard
³⁾ Mw = weight average molecular weight as determined by gel permeation chromatography on the Agilent 1100 Series instrument at 35 ° C with a high pressure liquid chromatography pump and the Agilent RIGI 1362A + UV G 1314A refractive index detector against a polystyrene standard

Clearcoat compositions

With the copolymers BE and BV, butyl acetate and additives listed in Table 2, the respective first component of a 2-component clearcoat was prepared according to the following initial weightings: For the preparation of two-component clearcoat coatings, the respective first components prepared according to the above specifications with the in Table 2 referred to weights of the second component, the ether group-containing polyamine (A1) or the amine mixture (A2), homogenized and applied directly thereafter. Table 2: Composition of the clearcoat compositions in parts by weight Vgls.-Ex. 1 Vgls.-Ex. 2 Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Carbonate acrylate copolymer (BV) 100.00 100.00 Exo VC acrylate copolymer (BE) 107.00 107.00 107.00 butyl 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 Leveling agent, 10% in butyl acetate ³⁾ 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 Light stabilizer ⁴⁾ 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Light stabilizer ⁵⁾ 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Jeffamine® T 403 ¹⁾ 15,60 13.26 12.50 10.60 Amine mixture (A1) ²⁾ 4.80 total 129.10 126.76 133.00 131.1 125.3 Carbonate: amine ⁶⁾ 1: 1 1: 0.85 1: 1 1: 0.85 1: 1 Explanatory notes to Table 2:
¹⁾ commercial Polyoxypropylenethertriamin with a AHEW (amine hydrogen equivalent wt.) Of 81 g / eq the company Huntsman
²⁾ Mixture of diethylenetriamine: dimethylpropylenediamine: isophoronediamine = 1: 1: 1
³⁾ commercial leveling agent based on a polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane, 10% strength in butyl acetate
⁴⁾ commercial light stabilizer based on a benzotriazole-based UV absorber, 95% in 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate
⁵⁾ commercial light stabilizer based on a sterically hindered amine (HALS), 100% pure
⁶⁾ Carbonate to Amine Ratio: Calculated from the molar ratio of carbonate groups to primary amine groups

The clearcoat compositions of Examples 1 to 3 and those of Comparative Examples C1 and C2 were applied to steel panels which had been previously coated with a commercial baked KTL, with a commercial conventional baked filler and with a white water-based paint of 10 minutes at 80 ° C , Subsequently, the resulting coating was cured at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes and the resulting coating was subjected to the tests indicated in Table 3. In addition, the yellowing was determined directly after baking, after oven storage for 7 days at 100 ° C and a furnace storage of 1 h at 150 ° C. The test results are shown in Table 3, respectively. Table 3: Test results of the coatings of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples V1 and V2 Vgls.- beisp. 1 Vgls.- beisp. 2 Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Hardening clearcoat 30 min 100 ° C 30 min 100 ° C 30 min 100 ° C 30 min 100 ° C 30 min 100 ° C Surface ¹⁾ clear, smooth clear, smooth clear, smooth clear, smooth clear, smooth Hardness surface ²⁾ soft soft hard hard hard Delta B 45 ° after curing ³⁾ 1.5 1.1 -0.4 -0.1 -0.5 Delta B 45 ° after oven 7 days 100 ° C ³ 9.7 10.3 4.6 4.0 2.6 Delta B 45 ° after oven 1 h 150 ° C ³ 9.0 8.8 3.7 3.3 2.9 Delta B 45 ° after oven 1 h 150 ° C and 24 h sun ⁴ 3.4 3.4 0.4 0.0 0.5 % Residual shine after 1000h WOM-CAM-180 Q / B ⁵ - b 76 95 100 95 Explanatory notes to Table 3:
¹⁾ The surface was visually evaluated.
²⁾ The hardness was evaluated with the fingernail.
³⁾ The color values were determined with the device MA 68 II from X-Rite.
⁴⁾ The effect of daylight is simulated with the so-called Suntest with daylight filter, in which a xenon high-pressure burner as a radiation source in the wavelength range of 270 to 800 nm, the radiation distribution and intensity of sunlight under laboratory conditions nachstellt. "SUNTEST" device from the company Heraeus Instruments, radiation source: 1 x 1800 high-pressure xenon burner, air-cooled, suprax filter
⁵⁾ Tester: Weather-Ometer Ci 65 A or Ci 5000 from the company Atlas Radiation source: 1 xenon high-pressure burner, water-cooled
⁶⁾ The sample was removed from the test after 750h due to severely attacked and swollen surface

Discussion of the test results:

It has surprisingly been found that, according to Examples 1 to 3 according to the invention, the activated carbonate-containing compounds (B-E) used together with amine curing agents lead to coatings having a significantly lower yellowing than the coatings of Comparative Examples C1 and V2 prepared using the conventional glycerol carbonate acrylate copolymer.

The results in Table 3 also clearly show that in the case of overburning with the coating compositions according to the invention directly after firing, the extremely low yellowing of delta B <1 required by automobile manufacturers is not achieved. Surprisingly, however, it has been found that the thermal yellowing of the coatings according to the invention of Examples 1 to 3 is completely reversible by the action of daylight within 24 hours and thus allows application of the coating compositions according to the invention for automotive finishing, while in the coatings, although a decrease in yellowing is achieved by UV light, but not complete reversibility, as the comparative examples V1 and V2 show. Likewise, the coating compositions according to the invention of Examples 1 to 3 still show very good gloss values of more than 95% residual gloss after 1000 h of short-term weathering. On the other hand, Comparative Example C1 does not provide 1000 h and Comparative Example V2 already shows a considerable gloss drop after 1000 h (only 76% residual gloss).

Claims (15)

1. Nonaqueous coating material composition comprising

   (A) at least one compound (A) having at least two amino groups, and

   (B) at least one oligomeric and/or polymeric compound (B) having at least two alkylidene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one groups,
   characterized in that the compound (B) is obtainable using

   i. at least one monomer (B1) of the formula (I)

   

   where

   R¹, R² independently of one another are hydrogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy-C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₅-C₆ cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₄ alkyl;

   R³ is hydrogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy-C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₅-C₆ cycloalkyl, phenyl, or phenyl-C₁-C₄ alkyl, R³ more particularly being hydrogen;

   R⁴ is hydrogen, C₁-C₄ alkyl, CH₂COOR⁸, phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₄ alkyl;

   R⁵, R⁶ independently of one another are hydrogen or C₁-C₄ alkyl or else one of the radicals, R⁵ or R⁶, may be COOR⁸ or CH₂COOR⁸;

   A is a chemical bond or C₁-C₄ alkanediyl, A more particularly being C₁-C₄ alkanediyl;

   X is O or NR⁷;

   Z is a chemical bond, PO₂, SO₂, or C=O, Z more particularly being C=O;

   Y is a chemical bond, CH₂, or CHCH₃, Y more particularly being a chemical bond;

   R⁷ where present is C₁-C₆ alkyl; and

   R⁸ where present is hydrogen or C₁-C₆ alkyl;

   and

   ii. at least two different comonomers (B2) and (B3) which are each different from the monomer (B1).
2. Coating material composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that R¹ and R² are each hydrogen or C₁-C₆ alkyl, more particularly methyl or ethyl, and/or wherein R³ is hydrogen.
3. Coating material composition according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that A is ethanediyl, X is O, Z is C=O, and Y is a chemical bond.
4. Coating material composition according to any of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the compound (B) is obtainable using from 2 to 6 monoethylenically unsaturated comonomers (B2) to (B7) different from one another.
5. Coating material composition according to any of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the comonomers different from (B1) are selected from the group of vinylaromatic compounds and esters of monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with aliphatic alkanols, or esters of monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with cycloaliphatic alkanols, or mixtures of at least two of these comonomers.
6. Coating material composition according to any of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the comonomers different from (B1) are selected from the group of esters of monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic C3-C6 monocarboxylic acids with C1-C8 alkanols or esters of monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic C3-C6 monocarboxylic acids with C5-C8 cycloalkanols or vinylaromatic hydrocarbons, or mixtures of at least 2 of these comonomers.
7. Coating material composition according to any of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that comonomers used comprise a mixture of a vinylaromatic hydrocarbon and 2 to 4 different alkyl esters of C1-C8 alkanols with acrylic acid and/or with methacrylic acid.
8. Coating material composition according to any of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the compound (B) is obtainable using

   10 to 80, preferably 25 to 70 wt%, and more preferably 35 to 65 wt% of monomer (B1)
   and

   20 to 90 wt%, preferably 30 to 75 wt%, and more preferably 35 to 65 wt% of at least two different comonomers (B2), (B3), optionally (B4), optionally (B5) to optionally (Bn), each different from the monomer (B1),

   the weight% figures being based in each case on the total weight of all the monomers (B1) plus (B2) plus (B3) plus optionally further comonomers (B4) plus (B5) to (Bn) that are used for preparing the compound (B) .
9. Coating material composition according to any of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the amino group-containing compound (A) has on average at least two primary and/or secondary amino groups per molecule.
10. Coating material composition according to any of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the amino group-containing compound (A) is selected from the group of (cyclo)aliphatic diamines, (cyclo)aliphatic triamines and/or polyetheramines.
11. Coating material composition according to any of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the amino group-containing compound (A) is selected from the group of polyetheramines, more particularly difunctional and trifunctional primary polyetheramines based on propylene oxide, mixtures of different aliphatic diamines and/or aliphatic triamines, mixtures of different cycloaliphatic diamines and/or cycloaliphatic triamines, and mixtures of different aliphatic diamines and/or aliphatic triamines with cycloaliphatic diamines and/or cycloaliphatic triamines.
12. Multistage coating method, characterized in that it comprises applying, to an optionally precoated substrate, a pigmented basecoat film and thereafter a film of the coating material composition according to any of Claims 1 to 11.
13. Multistage coating method according to Claim 12, characterized in that application of the pigmented basecoat film is followed by drying of the applied basecoat first at temperatures from room temperature to 80°C, and application of the coating material composition according to any of claims 1 to 11 is followed by curing at temperatures from 20 to 200°C, for a time of from one minute up to 10 hours.
14. Use of the coating material composition according to any of Claims 1 to 11 as clearcoat or application of the method according to Claim 12 or 13 for automotive OEM finishing, the finishing of parts for installation in or on automobiles, and/or of commercial vehicles, and automotive refinish.
15. Multicoat effect and/or color paint system comprising at least one pigmented basecoat film and at least one clearcoat film disposed thereon, characterized in that the clearcoat film has been produced from a coating material composition according to any of Claims 1 to 11.