EP3042140B1 - Tube sheet - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a tube plate having a peripheral edge region for connection to a lid of a collecting box and having a bottom region with openings for receiving tube ends, wherein the bottom region between adjacent openings provided webs, wherein the webs connect the longitudinally opposite portions of the edge region with each other.

State of the art

Heat exchangers in tube-fin construction regularly have a collection box formed from a box-like cover and a tube plate. The tubesheet has a number of openings, in which the tubes of the heat exchanger are accommodated.

Among other things, due to the thermal loads and the pressure fluctuations occurs in the headers to heavy mechanical loads, which act in particular on the tube sheet and thus also on the recorded in the tube sheet tubes. This leads to a negative effect on the tubes and the tubesheet, which reduces the durability of the tubesheet and thus of the heat exchanger as a whole.

In the prior art solutions are known, which provide reinforcing elements on the tube sheet, which absorb the mechanical stresses or counteracting them.

Thus, the published patent application DE 10 2006 005 421 A1 For example, an arrangement of cams in the tube plate of a heat exchanger, the cams serve as an abutment for an insertable into the tube sheet cover. In this case, they counteract in particular a deflection of the lid inwards. The cams are particularly advantageous because they are formed upwards, so away from the heat exchanger network and towards the lid and thus form a stop for the lid. Thus, the external forces acting on the lid, which arise for example by the connection between the tube sheet and the lid, be greater. By such a configuration, a circumferential bead for receiving the lid and / or a seal can be omitted, whereby the heat exchanger can be built in particular narrower.

US 2009/0255657 A1 discloses a tube sheet according to the preamble of claim 1.

A disadvantage of the solutions in the prior art that provided on the tube sheets reinforcing elements are not optimally designed and not optimally disposed on the tube sheets to counteract deformation of the tube sheet and thus to ensure adequate relief of the recorded tubes.

Presentation of the invention, object, solution, advantages

Therefore, it is the object of the present invention to provide a tube sheet having a reinforcement and thus more robust against occurring mechanical and thermal loads. Furthermore, it is the task of one To provide heat exchanger with at least one tube sheet according to the invention.

The object of the present invention is achieved by a tube sheet having the features of claim 1.

The invention relates to a tube plate having a peripheral edge region for connection to a lid of a collecting box and having a bottom region with openings for receiving tube ends, wherein the bottom region between adjacent openings provided webs, wherein the webs connect the longitudinally opposite portions of the edge region, wherein at least one bead is provided, which extends along the edge region and / or from the edge region with a limited extent only in a partial region of a web.

By introducing one or more beads, the stability of the tubesheet as a whole can be increased. This is advantageous because it increases the durability of the tube plate and thus of the entire heat exchanger. In this case, beads which are arranged on the webs in the edge region or adjacent to the edge region are particularly advantageous since the greatest loads occur there during operation.

According to the invention, the edge region has a U-shaped cross-section, with a first wall, with a second wall and with a bottom, wherein the first wall is arranged facing the webs.

A U-shaped cross-section of the edge region is advantageous since a receiving region for a foot of a cover of a collecting box and optionally a seal is formed by the shape of the edge region.

It is also preferable if the openings are formed slot-like and parallel to each other.

The slot-like openings are advantageous since flat tubes are used regularly, which are inserted into the openings. A parallel arrangement of the individual openings to one another facilitates the production of the tube plate and the installation of the heat exchanger.

It is particularly advantageous if the openings each have an at least partially encircling wall, which protrude in the direction of the open end region of the U-shaped edge region from the bottom region.

These at least partially encircling walls form so-called passages. The passages increase the stability of the tube bottom. In addition, an increased contact surface between the tubes and the tubesheet is produced by them, which in particular the durability of the connection between the tubes and the tubesheet is beneficial.

Furthermore, it is preferable if the circumferential walls at their longitudinal end portions, which face the first wall of the U-shaped edge region, have chamfers.

It is also expedient if the bead is formed from above from the direction of the open U-shaped edge region into the tubesheet.

In this way, a shape of the bead results down to the later recorded in the openings pipes. This increases the stability of the tubesheet. Embodiments of the bead can also be provided, which are completely or partially formed from above and / or from below into the tubesheet.

Moreover, it is advantageous if the bead extends from the first wall to the web.

A course of the bead from the web facing the first wall toward the web is particularly advantageous because the bead generates in this way a particularly good reinforcement of the web of the tube sheet.

It is also expedient if in each case a bead is arranged on the webs at the two opposite end regions of the web. A plurality of beads is the stability of the tube bottom particularly beneficial.

The depth of the bead decreases with increasing distance from the respective first wall of the edge region.

Such a design is easy to implement in terms of manufacturing technology and furthermore has the advantage that the material thinning on the flanks of the webs, which arises as a result of the embossing of the beads, is kept as minimal as possible.

An extension of the bead into the web can produce a further increase in stability. The range of higher stability is thereby extended from the edge region on the webs, which overall is a better durability of the tube sheet beneficial.

It is also expedient if the bead has an extension in the region of the first wall, which extends in a direction transverse to the main extension direction of a web over the extension of the web. By a broader design of the bead, the stability gain emanating from the bead can be increased.

Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous if the maximum internal depth of a bead is determined by the maximum material deflection from the flat bottom area, minus the material thickness used.

The object of the heat exchanger is achieved by a heat exchanger with the features of claim 10.

One embodiment relates to a heat exchanger with a number of tubes which are accommodated at the end in at least one tube plate according to the invention.

Advantageous developments of the present invention are described in the subclaims and in the following description of the figures.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig.1

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Rohrbodens, wobei in den Übergangsbereichen zwischen den Stegen, welche die Öffnungen beabstanden, und dem Randbereich Sicken angeordnet sind, welche zur Mitte der Stege hin auslaufen,

Fig. 2

eine Schnittansicht durch den Rohrboden gemäß Fig. 1, wobei der Schnitt entlang der Haupterstreckungsrichtung der Stege verläuft und die Schnittebene durch eine der Öffnungen verläuft,

Fig. 3

eine Schnittansicht gemäß der Fig. 2, wobei die Schnittebene durch einen der Stege verläuft,

Fig. 4

eine weiter perspektivische Ansicht eines Rohrbodens, wobei der Blick von oben auf die Durchzüge und die Stege des Rohrbodens gerichtet ist,

Fig. 5

eine perspektivische Teilansicht einer Form eines Rohrbodens nicht nach der Erfindung, wobei der Randbereich einen zur Mitte des Rohrbodens abgewinkelten Abschnitt aufweist, welcher eine Sicke aufweist,

Fig. 6

eine Detailansicht des abgewinkelten Abschnitts gemäß Fig. 5, und

Fig. 7

eine schematische Schnittansicht eines Rohrbodens, wobei der Schnitt in einer Richtung quer zur Haupterstreckungsrichtung der Stege bzw. der Öffnungen verläuft.

In the following the invention will be explained in detail by means of embodiments with reference to the drawings. In the drawings shows:

Fig.1

a perspective view of a tube plate, wherein in the transition regions between the webs, which space the openings, and the edge region beads are arranged, which leak to the middle of the webs out,

Fig. 2

a sectional view through the tube sheet according to Fig. 1 wherein the section extends along the main extension direction of the webs and the cutting plane passes through one of the openings,

Fig. 3

a sectional view according to the Fig. 2 , wherein the cutting plane passes through one of the webs,

Fig. 4

a further perspective view of a tube sheet, the view is directed from above on the passages and the webs of the tubesheet,

Fig. 5

3 is a perspective partial view of a shape of a tube plate not according to the invention, wherein the edge region has an angled portion to the center of the tube bottom, which has a bead,

Fig. 6

a detailed view of the angled portion according to Fig. 5 , and

Fig. 7

a schematic sectional view of a tube plate, wherein the section extends in a direction transverse to the main extension direction of the webs or the openings.

Preferred embodiment of the invention

The FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a tube sheet 1. The tube sheet 1 has a peripheral edge region 2. This edge region 2 comprises a bottom region, which has a plurality of openings 3 arranged adjacent to one another. The openings 3 are separated from one another by webs 4, which connect the longitudinal regions of the edge region 2 with each other. The Floor region of the tube sheet 1 is formed substantially flat and flat. The webs 4 are formed by a forming process from this flat bottom area. Likewise, the openings 3 in the FIG. 1 not shown passages, which are also formed from the flat, flat bottom portion.

The webs 4 each have a bead 5 at the end facing the edge region. This bead 5 extends from the end region at least over a partial region of the web 4 to the middle of the web 4. The depth of the bead 5 decreases, starting from the edge region 2 towards the center of the web 4 from.

Furthermore, the beads 5 on the webs 4 each have an extension transverse to the main extension direction of the webs 4, which is greater than the extension of the webs 4 in this direction. The beads 5 are thus in particular in the contact region with the edge region 2 in a direction transverse to the main extension direction of the webs 4 on the webs 4 addition.

The FIG. 2 shows a sectional view through the in the FIG. 1 The section runs along the main extension direction of the webs 4 and the openings 3. The sectional plane of the FIG. 2 passes through one of the openings 3.

In FIG. 2 It can be seen that the edge region 2 has a U-shaped cross-section, wherein the U-shaped cross section through a first wall 6, a lying substantially parallel to this first wall 6 second wall 7 and a bottom 8, which the walls 6 and 7 connects with each other. The U-shaped edge region 2 forms a receiving area for a sealing element or for the foot of a cover of a collecting tank. The sealing element and the cover of the collecting tank can be inserted from above into the tubesheet.

The edge region 2 or in particular the second wall 7, which is directed outwards, has an outwardly angled section in the upper region. This is used after insertion of a lid, not shown, a collecting box for fixing the foot of the lid within the receiving area in the tube sheet. 1

By the reference numeral 9, a passage is characterized, which extends starting from the flat, flat bottom portion of the tube sheet 1 upwards the opening 3. The passage 9 forms a contact surface for pipe ends, which can be inserted into the openings 3. In this way, in particular the contact surface between the tubesheet 1 and the tubes, not shown, is increased, whereby a more stable connection, for example by a soldering process, can be generated.

In FIG. 2 It can be seen that the web 4 has at its two end regions, which respectively face the first wall 6 of the edge region 2, each having a bead 5. The bead 5 in this case has its maximum depth in the region of the first wall 6 and extends with a depth that remains constant at the beginning in the direction of the center of the tube bottom 1. After a certain extent of constant depth, the depth of the bead 5 decreases continuously until finally completely merges into the web 4 and in the bottom region of the tube plate 1. The course of the bead 5 is exemplary. In alternative embodiments, a different course may be provided, wherein the bead may for example extend further into the center of the tube sheet.

In FIG. 2 can also be seen that the first wall 6 by a fold has two mutually offset wall sections. The bead 5 projects substantially from the lower portion of the first wall 6. The upper portion of the first wall 6 forms the longitudinal boundary of the opening third

The FIG. 3 shows a further sectional view through the already in the Figures 1 and 2 shown tube bottom 1. The cutting plane is in contrast to FIG. 2 through one of the webs. 4

In the FIG. 3 It can be seen that through the two ends 5 of the webs arranged beads 5 and the center between the beads 5 arranged portion of the web 4 of the tube plate 1, the tube sheet 1 has a course which forms substantially three levels. In this case, the bottom 8 of the edge region 2 forms the lower plane, the region of constant depth of the bead 5 forms the middle plane and the region of the web 4 corresponding to the bottom region forms the upper plane. The planes are each connected by oblique transitions.

In alternative embodiments, the bead may also be drawn further into the middle of the tube sheet in the web. Likewise, the pitch angles or the depths of the bead can deviate in the individual areas. In a further alternative embodiment, the web could be lowered or raised relative to the flat bottom region of the tube bottom. A lowering of the web with respect to the original floor area can advantageously be effected by embossing.

As in the FIGS. 2 and 3 can be seen, the beads 5 are advantageously formed by a stamping process in the tube sheet 1. In this case, a tool is advantageously retracted from above from the direction of the open, U-shaped edge region 2 in the tube sheet 1 such that the beads, as shown in the FIGS. 1 to 3 are shown, are formed. This embossing of the beads can advantageously be done in one operation with the molding of the edge region 2 itself.

The FIG. 4 shows a further perspective view of a tube sheet 1. In the FIG. 4 In particular, it can be seen that a shape is produced by the arrangement of the beads at the end regions of the webs 4, in which the contour of the beads 5 and the web 4 below the original bottom portion of the tube sheet 1. Both the bead 5 and the web 4 are deflected below the initial level of the bottom area. Upwards, above the bottom region, the passages 9 are formed, which are arranged in extension of the openings 3. The in the FIG. 4 shown passages 9 have chamfers 12 at their longitudinal end portions.

The regions of the tube plate 1, which have the openings 3 and the passages 9, are raised in comparison to the course of the web 4 and the beads 5 and are beyond this. By impressing the beads 5, in particular in the region of the first wall 6 of the edge region 2, a reinforcement of the tube bottom 1 is generated.

In the FIG. 4 Furthermore, it can be seen that the second wall 7 has a vertically formed lower region and has an upper, outwardly angled region 11. Along the crease line between the lower portion and the upper portion 11 a plurality of slot-like openings 10 are provided. These are used to produce a corrugated-slit curl between the tube sheet 1 and an insertable into the tube sheet 1 lid of a collecting tank, as they are widely known in solutions in the art.

The passages 9 are formed on raised areas 13, which are raised in particular with respect to the beads 5 and the web 4. These raised areas 13 are formed essentially by the embossing of the beads 5 and possibly by the impressing of a recess in the region of the web 4. The raised areas 13 are thus beyond the original level of the floor area or are at the same level, while the beads 5 and the web 4 are arranged below the original level of the bottom portion.

In an alternative embodiment, the raised areas may be designed higher or lower or completely eliminated, so that the passages with the webs may be at a level.

The FIG. 5 shows a view of an alternative tube sheet 20 not according to the invention. The tube plate 20 also has a plurality of openings which form upwardly formed passages 26. The openings or the passages 26 are spaced apart from one another by webs 21, wherein the webs 21 are planar and form the bottom region of the tube bottom 20. The passages 26 are deflected by a forming process from this floor area.

Furthermore, the circumferential edge region 22 has a first wall 23, which faces the webs 21, a second wall 25 and a bottom 24, which connects the first wall 23 with the second wall 25. Connected to the substantially perpendicular part of the first wall 21, an angled to the middle of the tube plate 20 section 28 is shown. The opposing bent portions 28 are connected to each other by the planar web 21.

To reinforce in particular the edge region 22 or the first wall 23 and the angled portion 28, is in the FIG. 5 By way of example, a bead 27, which extends along the angled section 28, is arranged.

The bead 27 is introduced by a shaping tool, for example by an embossing process from above, in the angled section 28. The bead 27 extends at least over the full width of the web 21 in a direction transverse to the main extension direction of the web 21. The bead 27 may also beyond the width of the web 21 and in particular over the length of the angled portion 28 also into extend the web 21 into it.

Advantageously, as in FIG. 5 represented, in each case a bead 27 is arranged at the two opposite angled portions 28.

The FIG. 6 shows a detailed view of the tube sheet 20, wherein in particular the bead 27, between two adjacent to each other arranged passages 26, is shown. It can be seen that the bead 27 has an elongated design, wherein the center line of the bead 27 corresponds to the running between the passages 26 center line of the web 21. As in FIG. 6 can be seen, the bead 27 may extend in width across the width of the web 21 addition. The width of the web 21 is the measure of the web 21 between adjacent passages 26th

The bead 27 runs, as in the FIGS. 5 and 6 shown, from the bend between the first wall 23 and the angled portion 28 up to the flat portion of the web 21. In alternative embodiments, the bead may also be further drawn into the web 21. For example, a combination of the beads would be the FIGS. 1 to 4 with the tubesheet the FIG. 5 or 6 providable.

Through the beads 27 of FIGS. 5 and 6 , Especially in the angled portions 28 of the first wall 23, an increase in the stability of the entire tube sheet 20 can be achieved. In particular, the edge region 22 can be reinforced here. This is particularly conducive because in this area the strongest mechanical loads arise as a result of pressure fluctuations and movements within the heat exchanger. The tube sheet 20 is thus robust by the formation of the beads 27, which is beneficial for a longer durability. A similar effect goes through in the FIGS. 1 to 4 shown beads 5 at the tube sheet 1 from.

The FIG. 7 shows a schematic sectional view through a passage 32 of a tube plate 30 with a thereto adjacent web 33. The web 33 is formed in the sectional view as a U-shaped portion which is open at the top. The view of FIG. 7 This corresponds to a section transverse to the main extension direction the webs 4 of the FIG. 2 , wherein the section is guided immediately adjacent to the first wall 6 through the tube sheet 30.

From the FIG. 7 In particular, it is apparent that the maximum internal depth 36 of a bead in the web 33 results from the maximum material formation 34 downwards out of the plane of the bottom region 31 minus the material thickness 35 of the tube bottom 30.

The in the FIGS. 1 to 7 shown features are individually combinable with each other. Of the FIGS. 1 to 7 is in terms of the design of the tube sheets or the beads, the passages or the webs, no limiting effect. The figures serve to illustrate the inventive idea. In particular, the geometry, the number and the dimensions of the beads are merely exemplary.

Claims (10)

1. A tube sheet (1, 20, 30) with a circumferential edge region (2, 22) for connection to a cover of a collecting tank, and with a base region (31) with openings (3) for accommodating tube ends, wherein the base region (31) has webs (4, 21, 33) provided between adjacent openings (3), wherein the webs (4, 21, 33) connect the portions of the edge region (2, 22) situated on mutually opposing longitudinal sides, wherein at least one bead (5, 27) is provided that extends from the edge region (2, 22) with a limited extension only into one partial portion of a web (4, 33), wherein the edge region (2, 22) has a U-shaped cross-section with a first wall (6, 23), with a second wall (7, 25) and with a base (8, 24), wherein the first wall (6, 23) is arranged facing the webs (4, 21) and characterised in that the tube sheet (1), through the two beads (5) arranged at the ends of the webs (4) and the portion of the web (4) of the tube sheet (1) arranged in the centre between the beads (5), has a course which substantially forms three planes, wherein the base (8) of the edge region (2) forms the lower plane, the region of constant depth of the bead (5) forms the middle plane and the region of the web (4) corresponding the base region forms the upper plane, wherein the planes are connected to one another by respective inclined transitions and wherein the depth of the bead (5) decreases with increasing distance from the respective first wall (6) of the edge region (2).
2. The tube sheet (1, 20, 30) according to claim 1, characterised in that the openings (3) are formed in a slot-like manner and extend parallel to one another.
3. The tube sheet (1, 20, 30) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the openings (3) each have an at least partially circumferential wall (9, 26, 32) that projects in a direction of the open end region of the U-shaped edge region (2, 22) from the base region (31).
4. The tube sheet (1) according to claim 3, characterised in that the circumferential walls (9) have bevels (12) at their longitudinal end regions facing the first wall (6) of the U-shaped edge region (2) .
5. The tube sheet (1, 20, 30) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the bead (5, 27) is moulded into the tube sheet (1, 20, 30) from above, from the direction of the open U-shaped edge region (2, 22).
6. The tube sheet (1, 20) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the bead (5, 27) extends from the first wall (6, 23) to the web (4, 21).
7. The tube sheet (1, 20) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that in each case a bead (5, 27) is arranged on the webs (4, 21) at the two mutually opposing end regions of the web (4, 21).
8. The tube sheet (1, 20) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the bead (5, 27) has an extension in the area of the first wall (6, 23) which extends beyond the extension of the web (4, 21) in a direction transverse to the main extension direction of a web (4, 21).
9. The tube sheet (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the maximum interior depth (36) of a bead (5) is determined by the maximum material deflection (34) from the planar base region (31), less the applied material thickness (35).
10. A heat exchanger with a plurality of tubes, which ends are accommodated in tube sheets (1, 20, 30), wherein at least one of the tube sheets (1, 20, 30) is designed according to one of the preceding claims.

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