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EP3030391B1 - Method for producing a honeycomb insulating building block from natural or reconstituted stone, block produced and wall produced with such a block - Google Patents

Method for producing a honeycomb insulating building block from natural or reconstituted stone, block produced and wall produced with such a block Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3030391B1
EP3030391B1 EP14786950.7A EP14786950A EP3030391B1 EP 3030391 B1 EP3030391 B1 EP 3030391B1 EP 14786950 A EP14786950 A EP 14786950A EP 3030391 B1 EP3030391 B1 EP 3030391B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
faces
grooves
portions
horizontal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14786950.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3030391A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Luc Bertrand
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Occitanie Pierres SAS
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Occitanie Pierres SAS
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Publication of EP3030391A1 publication Critical patent/EP3030391A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/12—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for removing parts of the articles by cutting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/28—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of methods of manufacturing building blocks made of natural stone or reconstituted stone or else of concrete based on cement and gravel or sand or else of clay. It also relates to an insulating building block, honeycombed in natural stone or in reconstituted stone or in concrete or clay, as well as a wall produced with blocks according to the invention.
  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing an insulating building block, parallelepiped, cellular in natural or reconstituted stone, or in concrete based on cement and sand or gravel, or in clay which block comprises horizontal faces, vertical side faces extending in the direction of the largest dimension of the block and vertical end faces.
  • the grooves formed divide the block into slices of material and full of material ensure the mechanical connection between the different slices.
  • the block obtained according to this process has on the one hand a high mechanical resistance but also a high thermal resistance, approximately six times higher than that of the walls produced with the usual blocks of the same thickness.
  • the method consists in producing a first alveolar arrangement pattern having an asymmetry along at least the horizontal and in producing a second alveolar arrangement pattern by symmetrization of the first pattern along a horizontal plane.
  • the second cellular arrangement pattern is deduced from the first by pivoting the latter at an angle of 180 °.
  • the method consists beforehand in dressing the faces of the block by machining.
  • the cells are formed by digging the block from at least one of the horizontal and / or end faces.
  • the block is hollowed out by vertical or horizontal penetration of a cutting tool in the block.
  • the tool consists of a circular cutting disc.
  • the depth of penetration of the cutting disc into the block is equal to two thirds of the seat height of said block
  • the diameter of the disc is equal to at least twice the seat height of the block, for each plane or groove
  • a first horizontal row of cells spaced at a constant pitch p is formed in the block from the horizontal upper face of the latter
  • a second horizontal row of cells is formed in the block from the lower face, this second row of cells being offset from the first by a value equal to p / 2.
  • the value of the spacing pitch p is equal to the value of the diameter of the disc.
  • the method consists, for each plane or groove, of producing the cells in a communicating manner.
  • the block is hollowed out by oblique penetration of a tool from at least one of the horizontal faces of said block and this through.
  • the tool is constituted by a chainsaw blade.
  • the method consists, for each vertical plane, of introducing the blade alternately with a tilt to the left and a tilt to the right.
  • the method consists, for each plane, from one of the horizontal faces, in making a continuous deep groove running from one end face to the other, and, from the other face, in making a second continuous groove, of shallower depth running from one end face to the other and to be produced in the solid part remaining between the two grooves, a series of equidistant perforations.
  • the method consists, during the production of each groove, of superimposing on the horizontal advance movement of the digging tool of the groove, an alternative movement of vertical translation.
  • the block is obtained by molding a paste.
  • the invention relates to a stone building block, honeycomb having good mechanical strength despite the cells formed.
  • the honeycombed stone building block in particular for the construction of a building wall, comprising at least two parallel vertical side faces, at least two horizontal parallel faces, upper and lower, forming a joining plane, and at least two faces of vertical end also forming a joining plane, one of the vertical lateral faces or external face being intended to be turned towards the outside of the building, is essentially characterized in that according to geometric planes parallel to the two vertical lateral faces, it comprises vertical grooves in each of which is formed at least one series of communicating cells opening at least in the horizontal faces, these vertical grooves dividing the block into successive slices of material, joined together two by two by loads of material, separated from each other delimiting the communicating cells, full of material ensuring the l mechanical connection between two successive slices of material and the full of material, from one successive bleeding to the other being offset with respect to each other so that no continuous alignment of full of material is formed between the two lateral faces of the block. At least one of the grooves in contact with the edges carrying the vertical lateral faces of the block is wider than the other grooves.
  • Such an arrangement allows a regular distribution of the fillings in the block while avoiding any alignment of fillings of material such as to constitute direct thermal bridges between the two vertical lateral faces of the block.
  • the arrangement of vertical grooves makes it possible to provide air knives capable of provide thermal insulation between the two side faces. The width of these air knives will be small enough to prevent any movement of air from one face of the groove to the other and thus avoid any convective flow from one face of the groove to the other.
  • the upper and lower rows of pins are spaced respectively from the upper and lower horizontal faces of the building block. Such an arrangement, in the upper part and in the lower part, at the level of each groove, continuous horizontal grooves.
  • the value of the distance between two rows of fillings of the same groove is substantially equal to or close to twice the difference separating the axis of each row from the horizontal face which is the closest. In this way, when several blocks stack up to form a wall, the horizontal axes of the lines formed by the solid plots of space are spaced from one block to another, substantially of the same value as on the same block.
  • At least one of the grooves in contact with the edges carrying the vertical lateral faces of the block is wider than the intermediate grooves.
  • the two grooves in contact with the edges carrying the internal and external lateral faces of the block have a width greater than that of the intermediate grooves.
  • Such a block can thus accommodate fluid lines in one of the grooves and a moving air gap in the other groove.
  • At least one of the two lateral sections 1a carrying the vertical lateral faces of the block is thicker than the intermediate section or sections.
  • the present invention also relates to a wall constructed using blocks according to the invention.
  • the building block 1, monolithic, honeycomb, natural or reconstituted stone or even concrete, or clay, according to the invention, usable for the construction of the walls of a residential building for example comprises two vertical parallel lateral faces 10, two horizontal parallel faces 11 forming joint planes, and two vertical end faces 12, also forming joint plane, one of the vertical lateral faces 10 or external face being provided to be rotated towards the outside of the building, while the other, the internal face, is intended to be turned towards the inside of the building.
  • the block 1 according to geometric planes parallel to the two lateral, vertical faces 10 comprises vertical grooves 13 opening at least into the two horizontal faces 11, these grooves 13 dividing the block into successive slices 1a of material, joined together two by two by one or full of material 14, separated from each other and distributed in each groove.
  • These fillings of material 14 provide the mechanical connection between two successive sections 1a; they result from the process of forming the grooves 13 and the cells and are cut from the mass of the block.
  • These full 14 of matter delimit for each bleeding communicating cells.
  • the full 14 of material are organized in two parallel rows, upper and lower horizontal.
  • the fillings of material 14 in each row are regularly spaced along the latter by a spacing step p.
  • the rows upper and lower are offset longitudinally with respect to each other by a value equal to that of a half pitch spacing p / 2 so that the fillings in each row are respectively at the intervals between the fillings 14 in the other row.
  • the upper rows of solid 14 of two adjacent grooves 13 are offset longitudinally with respect to each other by the value of a half step p / 2 so that the solid of one of its two upper rows is located to the right of the intervals between the full 14 of the other upper row.
  • the same arrangement is reproduced with regard to the two lower rows of solid 14 of two adjacent grooves 13.
  • the upper and lower rows of solid 14 are spaced respectively from the upper and lower horizontal faces 11 of the building block.
  • Such an arrangement provides, in the upper part and in the lower part, at the level of each groove 13, continuous horizontal grooves with openwork flat bottom.
  • the value of the distance between two rows of solid 14 of the same groove 13, is substantially equal to or close to twice the distance separating the axis of each row from the horizontal face 11 who is closest to him.
  • the horizontal axes of the rows formed by the solid 14 are spaced from one block to the other substantially of the same value only on the same block.
  • the solid 14 have an isosceles trapezoid shape.
  • the large base and the oblique sides of this isosceles trapezoid are formed by arcs of circumference of a circle.
  • Such an arrangement results from the digging of the groove 13 and therefore from the production of the cellular arrangement model using a circular cutting disc driven in rotation and in vertical translation in the block.
  • the diameter of the cutting disc is equal to or greater than at least twice the seat height of the block, this height corresponding to the normal distance between the two horizontal flat faces 11 of the block.
  • the penetration depth of the disc in the block is equal to two thirds of the seat height.
  • the value p corresponding to the spacing pitch of the fillers 14 of each lower and upper row, and consequently to the spacing pitch of the cells located between the fillers 14, may be equal, without this being limiting, to the value of the disc diameter.
  • the upper and lower grooves are formed using the cutting disc; to this end the latter, while still being driven in rotation, is driven by a movement of advance parallel to the upper and lower faces 11 of the block.
  • the fillings of material 14 have a cross section sufficient to give the building block sufficient mechanical strength despite the formation of grooves 13.
  • each groove 13 also open into the end faces 12.
  • the solid ends 14 of one of the rows of each groove insofar as one of the ends of a block corresponds to their vertical axis of symmetry, each forms a half pattern so that, in such a case in figure, a full fill pattern is reconstituted during the joining of two blocks 1 by one of their two end faces 12.
  • Such an arrangement is reproduced alternately for the lower and upper rows of the different grooves 13.
  • the material pins 14 are each in the form of a curvilinear triangle. Such an arrangement results from the formation of grooves and fillings using a cutting disc of larger diameter.
  • FIG 3 4, and 4a a block is shown according to a second embodiment. It can be seen that the grooves 13 open both in the upper and lower horizontal faces 11 and in the end faces 12.
  • the full 14 are distributed in three horizontal rows, namely two upper and lower rows and a middle row.
  • the fillets 14 in the middle row are in the form of diamonds while the fillings 14 in the upper and lower rows are in the form of an isosceles triangle corresponding to the half pattern of the diamond shape of the fillets the middle row.
  • the base of each isosceles triangle formed by each tank in the upper row is contained in the horizontal upper face 11 of the block while the base of each isosceles triangle formed by the tanks 14 in the lower row is contained in the lower face 11 of the block.
  • Such arrangements result from the digging of each groove 13 and therefore from the production of the alveolar arrangement model, using a chainsaw blade, brought into the block obliquely traversing, alternately with a right tilt and a left tilt.
  • the full 14 of the different rows are regularly spaced by the same spacing step p.
  • the full 14 of the upper and lower rows are aligned along vertical axes and that the middle full row 14 is offset longitudinally with respect to the upper and lower rows by the value of half a spacing step p / 2 between the full 14, so that the full 14 of this middle row are located at the right of the intervals between the full 14 of the upper and lower rows.
  • the first model of honeycomb arrangement appears in strong lines while the second model of honeycomb arrangement reproduced in the adjacent groove or grooves appears in dotted lines. It is observed that this second model of alveolar arrangement is deduced from the first by translation along the length of the block of a value equal to that of a half spacing step p / 2.
  • the fillings 14 of material from each groove 13 are located at the intervals between the fillings of material 14 from the adjacent grooves, always with the aim of avoiding any continuous alignment of fillings 14 of material between the lateral faces 10 of the block.
  • FIG 5 6 and 6a a third embodiment of the block according to the invention is shown.
  • the grooves 13 open into the horizontal faces 11 and into the lateral faces 12.
  • each groove 13 The full 14 of each groove 13 are distributed equidistantly in a horizontal row arranged close to one of the horizontal faces 11 and at greater distance from the other face 11.
  • bracing pins 15 preferably made of expanded glass, or any other thermally insulating material, glued to the internal faces of the groove 13. These pins 15 are equally spaced and form a horizontal row. These pins 15 are spaced from each other by the value of the same spacing step p. These pins 15 can be located at the right intervals between the solid 14 or be arranged at the right of these solid 14. These pins are spaced from each other by the value of the spacing step p.
  • each groove 13 is offset with respect to pins 15 and full 14 of the or two adjacent grooves in order to avoid forming continuous alignments of pawns and / or pawns and full, d 'one side 10 to the other.
  • Such full arrangements 14 result from the digging of each groove using for example a cutting disc driven in rotation and in translation along the length of the block.
  • a first deep groove will be dug from one of the horizontal faces 11 of the block and a second shallower groove from the other face 11 of the block so as to leave a linear bead of material.
  • This linear cord will then be perforated for the formation of solid 14 using any suitable cutting tool such as chainsaw blade or cutting disc.
  • FIG 7 and 8 and 8a a fourth embodiment of the block according to the invention is shown.
  • This embodiment conforms to the previous one except that the two rows of solid 14 and pins 15 are respectively tangent to the upper and lower faces 11 of the block and that the second model of cellular arrangement is deduced from the first only by simple translation operated along the length of the block with a value equal to p / 2.
  • FIG. 9 a block is shown according to a third embodiment. It can be seen that the grooves 13 open as much in the horizontal faces 11 as in the vertical end faces 12.
  • the solid 14, of square outline, are distributed in two horizontal rows spaced from one another.
  • the fillings in each row are spaced from each other by the same spacing step p.
  • the full 14 of each row are located to the right of the full 14 of the other row.
  • one of the full rows 14 is tangent to the horizontal face 11 which is closest to it while the other full row 14 is spaced from the horizontal face 11 which is closest to it in order to spare a discontinuous flat bottom groove.
  • one of the two end fillings in each row is tangent to the end face 12 which is closest to it, the other end fill 14 being in this case spaced from the other face of end 12 of a value corresponding to that of the spacing step of full 14 on each row.
  • Such arrangements result from the digging of each groove 13 using, for example, a chainsaw blade brought into the block both vertically and horizontally to form the cells therein and, concomitantly, full 14 of material.
  • FIG 11 12 and 12a a sixth embodiment is shown.
  • the solid ones are distributed not according to a horizontal rectilinear row but according to a horizontal undulation formed near one of the two horizontal faces.
  • These pins 15 are preferably made of expanded glass or any other thermally insulating material and are bonded to the two faces of the groove 13.
  • each groove 13 is offset with respect to the pins 15 and the solid 14 of the one or two adjacent grooves in order to avoid form continuous alignments of pawns and / or pawns and full, from one face 10 to the other.
  • Such full arrangements 14 result from the digging of two opposite grooves, from the horizontal faces using for example a cutting disc driven in rotation, in translation along the length of the block and in vertical translation in an alternating movement.
  • a cutting disc driven in rotation in translation along the length of the block and in vertical translation in an alternating movement.
  • a bead of corrugated, continuous material which is then perforated for the formation of solid 14 using any suitable cutting tool such as chainsaw blade or cutting disc.
  • the first model of honeycomb arrangement appears in strong lines while the second model of honeycomb arrangement appears in dotted lines. It can be noted that this second arrangement model is deduced from the first downward translation of the solid 14.
  • the building block as described in its various embodiments has two lateral sections 1a corresponding to the external and internal faces 10 and one or more intermediate sections 1a parallel to the lateral sections.
  • at least one of the two lateral sections 1a is thicker than the intermediate section or sections.
  • Such an arrangement gives the thick wafer increased mechanical strength.
  • the two lateral sections 1a are thicker than the intermediate sections, always with the aim of imparting to the sections most exposed to shocks, increased mechanical resistance.
  • At least one of the grooves 13 in contact with the lateral sections 1a, that is to say those carrying the vertical lateral faces 10 of the block 1 is wider than the intermediate grooves.
  • the block according to the invention may be equipped with metal bars embedded in oblique or horizontal grooves formed in the end faces 12 and rigidly fixed by any known means, to the various sections 1a of the block. Such an arrangement ensures the bracing of the various sections 1a of the block.
  • FIG. 13 and 14 is shown a corner structure formed by two blocks 1 according to the invention. It can be seen that the blocks forming this angle structure are joined to each other and form a non-flat angle between them, preferably a right angle.
  • This corner structure has two vertical lateral faces 10, external and internal, each forming a dihedral, two upper and lower horizontal faces 11 and two vertical end faces 12 arranged in planes perpendicular to each other. It can be seen that according to this embodiment, the lateral sections 1a, namely the sections carrying the internal and external faces of the corner structure, also form a dihedral. Note also that the side faces are 10 are continuous.
  • a perforation through 16 is made at the junction between the two blocks 1, parallel to the intermediate sections of the first block.
  • the intermediate sections 1a of the second block are kept apart from the first block, so that the groove in contact with the edge carrying the internal face of this first block communicates through this perforation16 with the grooves 13 of the 'other block.
  • grooves 13 presented by the first block 1 do not open at the angle formed by the corner structure, but are closed by an attached wall.
  • the corner structure according to the embodiment object of the figure 14 has no through perforation 16 and no communication can be established between the grooves 13 of the two blocks 1.
  • the block as described is preferably produced by machining a mass of natural stone or reconstituted stone, but this block can be obtained by molding a hardenable paste based on aggregates of natural or other stone and a binder hydraulic such as cement with sand or gravel or from any other ingredient such as clay, used in the building sector for the manufacture of building blocks.
  • a binder hydraulic such as cement with sand or gravel or from any other ingredient such as clay, used in the building sector for the manufacture of building blocks.
  • molds will be used in several parts which can be assembled together according to joint plans. These molds in known manner may be associated with vibrating devices.
  • a wall is shown produced by stacking block 1 according to the invention.
  • these blocks are assembled to each other by a binder which can be an adhesive.
  • This binder is affixed to the horizontal faces 11 and the end faces 12 and the blocks 1 are arranged so that the grooves 13 of each of them are in communication with the homologous grooves 13 of the adjacent blocks 1.
  • the wall produced has a series of parallel, vertical air spaces, extending from bottom to top forming insulating layers.
  • each block 1 will have, along its longitudinal and vertical edges, continuous rebates provided for receiving, after stacking, a tight binder.
  • At least the air gap closest to the face external of the wall can be circulated between a heat exchanger, lower 17 of the Canadian well type formed in the ground, around the foundations for example, and an air extractor 18, arranged in the upper part of the construction.
  • the Canadian well 17 will include an air suction mouth in communication for example with the atmosphere and will be in sealed communication relation, by any suitable connection means with the groove or grooves 13 receiving the air gap (s) in movement.
  • the air extractor 18 will also be in sealed communication with these same grooves 13. Such an arrangement makes it possible to temper the building produced.
  • sealing means 19 for the grooves 13 corresponding to the air knives not set in motion.
  • These sealing means 19 may be formed by a layer of cellular glass or the like.
  • the air extractor 18 is controlled by a temperature probe, known per se, not shown, adjusted with respect to peaks of low and high temperatures.
  • This temperature sensor will be sensitive to the temperature outside the building.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
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Description

Domaine technique.Technical area.

La présente invention est du domaine des procédés de fabrication de blocs de construction en pierre naturelle ou en pierre reconstituée ou bien en béton à base de ciment et de gravier ou sable ou bien encore en argile. Elle concerne également un bloc de construction isolant, alvéolé en pierre naturelle ou en pierre reconstituée ou en béton ou en argile, ainsi qu'un mur réalisé avec des blocs selon l'invention.The present invention is in the field of methods of manufacturing building blocks made of natural stone or reconstituted stone or else of concrete based on cement and gravel or sand or else of clay. It also relates to an insulating building block, honeycombed in natural stone or in reconstituted stone or in concrete or clay, as well as a wall produced with blocks according to the invention.

État de la technique antérieure.State of the prior art.

On connaît de l'état de la technique des procédés de fabrication de bloc de construction par extrusion. Ces procédés sont principalement utilisés pour la réalisation de blocs ou briques à base d'argile. D'autres procédés font appel à des techniques de moulage d'une pâte à base de ciment et de graviers ou de sable.It is known from the state of the art of methods for manufacturing a building block by extrusion. These processes are mainly used for making blocks or bricks based on clay. Other methods use techniques for molding a paste based on cement and gravel or sand.

On connaît de l'état de la technique des blocs de construction, alvéolés réalisés par extrusion à partir d'une pâte d'argile. On connaît également de l'état de la technique des blocs de construction alvéolés en pierre reconstituée ainsi que des blocs de construction alvéolé à base de ciment et de pierre ponce. On connaît également des blocs de construction plein en pierre naturelle. Document EP1120506 A1 décrit un procédé de fabrication d'un bloc de construction et le bloc comprenant des faces horizontales et des faces verticales. Le bloc comprend des saignées dans chacune desquelles est formée au moins une série d'alvéoles communicants. Ces saignées divisent le bloc de construction en tranches successives de matière, réunies deux à deux par des entretoises. Les saignées sont toutes de largeurs identiques.We know from the state of the art, building blocks, honeycomb produced by extrusion from a clay paste. Also known from the state of the art honeycombed building blocks of reconstituted stone as well as honeycombed building blocks based on cement and pumice. Solid building blocks made of natural stone are also known. Document EP1120506 A1 describes a method of manufacturing a building block and the block comprising horizontal faces and vertical faces. The block includes grooves in each of which is formed at least one series of communicating cells. These grooves divide the building block into successive slices of material, joined two by two by spacers. The grooves are all of identical widths.

En revanche on ne connaît pas des blocs de construction en pierre naturelle avec alvéoles creusés dans la masse. Un des problèmes à résoudre pour ce type de bloc réside dans le fait que les alvéoles peuvent affaiblir grandement le bloc de construction en pierre le rendant particulièrement fragile et inutilisable pour la réalisation notamment des murs porteurs. Pour cette raison, l'homme du métier s'est détourné de l'utilisation de tels blocs pour la réalisation des constructions.On the other hand, we do not know building blocks made of natural stone with cells dug into the mass. One of the problems to be solved for this type of block resides in the fact that the cells can greatly weaken the stone building block making it particularly fragile and unusable for the realization in particular of load-bearing walls. For this reason, a person skilled in the art has turned away from the use of such blocks for the realization of constructions.

En outre, un inconvénient commun à la plupart des blocs réside dans le fait que leur système alvéolaire et leur configuration technique en général, ne permettent pas la réalisation de mur à résistance thermique élevée. Certains blocs à base d'argile, réalisé par extrusion, ne présentent pas ce dernier inconvénient.In addition, a drawback common to most blocks lies in the fact that their cellular system and their technical configuration in general do not allow the production of walls with high thermal resistance. Certain blocks based on clay, produced by extrusion, do not have the latter disadvantage.

Exposé de l'invention.Statement of the invention.

Selon un premier aspect, l'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un bloc de construction isolant, parallélépipédique, alvéolé en pierre naturelle ou reconstituée, ou bien en béton à base de ciment et sable ou gravier, ou en argile lequel bloc comprend des faces horizontales, des faces latérales verticales s'étendant dans le sens de la plus grande dimension du bloc et des faces verticales d'extrémité.According to a first aspect, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing an insulating building block, parallelepiped, cellular in natural or reconstituted stone, or in concrete based on cement and sand or gravel, or in clay which block comprises horizontal faces, vertical side faces extending in the direction of the largest dimension of the block and vertical end faces.

Le procédé selon l'invention est remarquable notamment en ce qu'il consiste :

  • à définir un premier modèle d'agencement et de répartition alvéolaire comprenant un ou plusieurs alvéoles de formes prédéfinies et des pleins de matière de formes prédéfinies délimitant lesdits alvéoles,
  • à définir un second modèle d'agencement alvéolaire comprenant un ou plusieurs alvéoles de formes prédéfinies et des pleins de matière de formes prédéfinies, non superposable au précédent,
  • à former dans la masse d'un bloc, selon des plans géométriques verticaux successifs écartés les uns des autres, en alternance, des saignées reproduisant le premier et le second motif alvéolaire de façon que les pleins de matière correspondant à chaque plan ou saignée soit décalés par rapport aux pleins de matière du ou des plans contigus et que les alvéoles correspondant à chaque plan ou saignée soient communicants et soient isolés des alvéoles du ou des saignées contiguës par une tranche de matière d'épaisseur uniforme et de façon que l'une au moins des saignées au contact des tranches portant les faces latérales verticales du bloc soit plus large que les autres saignées.
The method according to the invention is remarkable in particular in that it consists:
  • defining a first model of cellular arrangement and distribution comprising one or more cells of predefined shapes and fillings of material of predefined shapes delimiting said cells,
  • defining a second model of honeycomb arrangement comprising one or more cells of predefined shapes and lots of material of predefined shapes, not superimposable on the previous one,
  • forming in the mass of a block, according to successive vertical geometric planes spaced from one another, alternately, grooves reproducing the first and second cellular pattern so that the fillings of material corresponding to each plane or groove are offset with respect to the fillings of material in the contiguous plane (s) and that the cells corresponding to each plane or groove are communicating and are isolated from the cells of the contiguous groove (s) by a slice of material of uniform thickness and so that one at less of the grooves in contact with the edges carrying the vertical lateral faces of the block is wider than the other grooves.

Les saignées formées divisent le bloc en tranches de matière et les pleins de matière assurent la liaison mécanique entre les différentes tranches.The grooves formed divide the block into slices of material and full of material ensure the mechanical connection between the different slices.

Le bloc obtenu selon ce procédé présente d'une part une résistance mécanique élevée mais aussi une résistance thermique élevée, environ six fois supérieure à celle des murs réalisés avec les blocs usuels de même épaisseur.The block obtained according to this process has on the one hand a high mechanical resistance but also a high thermal resistance, approximately six times higher than that of the walls produced with the usual blocks of the same thickness.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le procédé consiste à réaliser un premier motif d'agencement alvéolaire présentant une asymétrie selon au moins l'horizontale et à réaliser un second motif d'agencement alvéolaire par symétrisation du premier motif selon un plan horizontal.According to another characteristic, the method consists in producing a first alveolar arrangement pattern having an asymmetry along at least the horizontal and in producing a second alveolar arrangement pattern by symmetrization of the first pattern along a horizontal plane.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le second motif d'agencement alvéolaire est déduit du premier par pivotement de ce dernier selon un angle de 180°.According to another characteristic, the second cellular arrangement pattern is deduced from the first by pivoting the latter at an angle of 180 °.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le procédé consiste en préalable à dresser les faces du bloc par usinage.According to another characteristic, the method consists beforehand in dressing the faces of the block by machining.

Selon une autre caractéristique, les alvéoles sont formés par creusement du bloc depuis l'une au moins des faces horizontales et/ou d'extrémité.According to another characteristic, the cells are formed by digging the block from at least one of the horizontal and / or end faces.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le creusement du bloc est réalisé par pénétration verticale ou horizontale d'un outil coupant dans le bloc.According to another characteristic, the block is hollowed out by vertical or horizontal penetration of a cutting tool in the block.

Selon une autre caractéristique, l'outil est constitué par un disque circulaire de coupe.According to another characteristic, the tool consists of a circular cutting disc.

Selon une autre caractéristique, la profondeur de pénétration du disque de coupe dans le bloc est égale aux deux tiers de la hauteur d'assise dudit bloc, le diamètre du disque est égal à deux fois au moins la hauteur d'assise du bloc, pour chaque plan ou saignée une première rangée horizontale d'alvéoles espacés d'un pas constant p est formée dans le bloc depuis la face supérieure horizontale de ce dernier, et une seconde rangée d'alvéoles horizontale est formée dans le bloc depuis la face inférieure, cette seconde rangée d'alvéoles étant décalée par rapport à la première d'une valeur égale à p/2.According to another characteristic, the depth of penetration of the cutting disc into the block is equal to two thirds of the seat height of said block, the diameter of the disc is equal to at least twice the seat height of the block, for each plane or groove, a first horizontal row of cells spaced at a constant pitch p is formed in the block from the horizontal upper face of the latter, and a second horizontal row of cells is formed in the block from the lower face, this second row of cells being offset from the first by a value equal to p / 2.

Selon une autre caractéristique, la valeur du pas d'espacement p est égale à la valeur du diamètre du disque.According to another characteristic, the value of the spacing pitch p is equal to the value of the diameter of the disc.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le procédé consiste, pour chaque plan ou saignée à réaliser les alvéoles de manière communicante.According to another characteristic, the method consists, for each plane or groove, of producing the cells in a communicating manner.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le creusement du bloc est réalisé par pénétration oblique d'un outil depuis l'une au moins des faces horizontales dudit bloc et ce de manière traversante.According to another characteristic, the block is hollowed out by oblique penetration of a tool from at least one of the horizontal faces of said block and this through.

Alternativement, selon une autre caractéristique, l'outil est constitué par une lame de tronçonneuse.Alternatively, according to another characteristic, the tool is constituted by a chainsaw blade.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le procédé consiste, pour chaque plan vertical, à introduire la lame alternativement avec une inclinaison à gauche et une inclinaison à droite.According to another characteristic, the method consists, for each vertical plane, of introducing the blade alternately with a tilt to the left and a tilt to the right.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le procédé consiste, pour chaque plan, depuis l'une des faces horizontales, à réaliser une rainure profonde continue courant d'une face terminale à l'autre, et, depuis l'autre face, à réaliser une seconde rainure continue, de plus faible profondeur courant d'une face d'extrémité à l'autre et à réaliser dans la partie pleine demeurant entre les deux rainures, une série de perforations équidistantes.According to another characteristic, the method consists, for each plane, from one of the horizontal faces, in making a continuous deep groove running from one end face to the other, and, from the other face, in making a second continuous groove, of shallower depth running from one end face to the other and to be produced in the solid part remaining between the two grooves, a series of equidistant perforations.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le procédé consiste, lors de la réalisation de chaque saignée, à superposer au mouvement d'avance horizontal de l'outil de creusement de la saignée, un mouvement alternatif de translation verticale.According to another characteristic, the method consists, during the production of each groove, of superimposing on the horizontal advance movement of the digging tool of the groove, an alternative movement of vertical translation.

Selon une autre caractéristique du procédé, le bloc est obtenu par moulage d'une pâte.According to another characteristic of the process, the block is obtained by molding a paste.

Selon un deuxième aspect, l'invention est relative à un bloc de construction en pierre, alvéolé présentant une bonne résistance mécanique malgré les alvéoles formés.According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a stone building block, honeycomb having good mechanical strength despite the cells formed.

Le bloc de construction en pierre, alvéolé, pour notamment la construction de mur de bâtiment, comprenant au moins deux faces latérales parallèles verticales, au moins deux faces parallèles horizontales, supérieure et inférieure, formant plan de jointement, et au moins deux faces d'extrémité verticales formant également plan de jointement, l'une des faces latérales verticales ou face externe étant prévue pour être tournée vers l'extérieur du bâtiment, se caractérise essentiellement en ce que selon des plans géométriques parallèles aux deux faces latérales verticales, il comporte des saignées verticales dans chacune desquelles est formée au moins une série d'alvéoles communicants débouchant au moins dans les faces horizontales, ces saignées verticales divisant le bloc en tranches successives de matières, réunies deux à deux par des pleins de matière, écartés les uns des autres délimitant les alvéoles communicants, les pleins de matière assurant la liaison mécanique entre deux tranches successives de matière et les pleins de matière, d'une saignée successive à l'autre étant décalés les uns par rapport aux autres afin qu'aucun alignement continu de pleins de matière ne soit formé entre les deux faces latérales du bloc. Au moins une des saignées au contact des tranches portant les faces latérales verticales du bloc est plus large que les autres saignées.The honeycombed stone building block, in particular for the construction of a building wall, comprising at least two parallel vertical side faces, at least two horizontal parallel faces, upper and lower, forming a joining plane, and at least two faces of vertical end also forming a joining plane, one of the vertical lateral faces or external face being intended to be turned towards the outside of the building, is essentially characterized in that according to geometric planes parallel to the two vertical lateral faces, it comprises vertical grooves in each of which is formed at least one series of communicating cells opening at least in the horizontal faces, these vertical grooves dividing the block into successive slices of material, joined together two by two by loads of material, separated from each other delimiting the communicating cells, full of material ensuring the l mechanical connection between two successive slices of material and the full of material, from one successive bleeding to the other being offset with respect to each other so that no continuous alignment of full of material is formed between the two lateral faces of the block. At least one of the grooves in contact with the edges carrying the vertical lateral faces of the block is wider than the other grooves.

Une telle disposition permet une répartition régulière des pleins dans le bloc tout en évitant tout alignement de pleins de matière de nature à constituer des ponts thermiques directs entre les deux faces latérales verticales du bloc. La disposition de saignées verticales permet de ménager des lames d'air aptes à assurer une isolation thermique entre les deux faces latérales. La largeur de ces lames d'air sera suffisamment faible pour interdire tout mouvement d'air d'une face de la saignée à l'autre et éviter ainsi tout flux convectif d'une face de la saignée à l'autre.Such an arrangement allows a regular distribution of the fillings in the block while avoiding any alignment of fillings of material such as to constitute direct thermal bridges between the two vertical lateral faces of the block. The arrangement of vertical grooves makes it possible to provide air knives capable of provide thermal insulation between the two side faces. The width of these air knives will be small enough to prevent any movement of air from one face of the groove to the other and thus avoid any convective flow from one face of the groove to the other.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les rangées supérieure et inférieure de pions sont écartées respectivement des faces horizontales supérieure et inférieure du bloc de construction. Une telle disposition, ménage en partie supérieure et en partie inférieure, au niveau de chaque saignée, des rainures horizontales continues.According to another characteristic of the invention, the upper and lower rows of pins are spaced respectively from the upper and lower horizontal faces of the building block. Such an arrangement, in the upper part and in the lower part, at the level of each groove, continuous horizontal grooves.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la valeur de l'entraxe entre deux rangées de pleins d'une même saignée est sensiblement égale ou voisine du double de l'écart séparant l'axe de chaque rangée de la face horizontale qui lui est la plus proche. De cette manière, quand plusieurs blocs s'empilent pour former un mur, les axes horizontaux des lignes formés par les pleins de matière s'espacent d'un bloc à l'autre, sensiblement de la même valeur que sur un même bloc.According to another characteristic of the invention, the value of the distance between two rows of fillings of the same groove is substantially equal to or close to twice the difference separating the axis of each row from the horizontal face which is the closest. In this way, when several blocks stack up to form a wall, the horizontal axes of the lines formed by the solid plots of space are spaced from one block to another, substantially of the same value as on the same block.

Selon l'invention, l'une au moins des saignées au contact des tranches portant les faces latérales verticales du bloc est plus large que les saignées intermédiaires. De par cette disposition, cette saignée, si elle correspond à la face latérale interne au bâtiment, pourra recevoir des conduites de fluides, gaz ou eau et des conduites électriques et autres, et si elle correspond à la face externe au bâtiment pourra être traversée, sans créer de pertes de charges importantes, par une lame d'air mise en mouvement en vue de tempérer le bâtiment.According to the invention, at least one of the grooves in contact with the edges carrying the vertical lateral faces of the block is wider than the intermediate grooves. By virtue of this arrangement, this groove, if it corresponds to the lateral face internal to the building, can receive fluid, gas or water pipes and electrical and other pipes, and if it corresponds to the external face to the building can be crossed, without creating significant pressure drops, by an air knife set in motion to temper the building.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les deux saignées au contact des tranches portant les faces latérales interne et externe du bloc présentent une largeur supérieure à celle des saignées intermédiaires. Un tel bloc peut ainsi accueillir des conduites de fluides dans l'une des saignées et une lame d'air en mouvement dans l'autre saignée.According to another characteristic of the invention, the two grooves in contact with the edges carrying the internal and external lateral faces of the block have a width greater than that of the intermediate grooves. Such a block can thus accommodate fluid lines in one of the grooves and a moving air gap in the other groove.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'une au moins des deux tranches latérales 1a portant les faces latérales verticales du bloc, est plus épaisse que la ou les tranches intermédiaires du bloc.According to another characteristic of the invention, at least one of the two lateral sections 1a carrying the vertical lateral faces of the block, is thicker than the intermediate section or sections.

La présente invention a également pour objet un mur construit à l'aide de blocs conformes à l'invention.The present invention also relates to a wall constructed using blocks according to the invention.

Bref exposé des figures et des dessins.Brief presentation of figures and drawings.

D'autres avantages, buts et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description d'une forme préférée de réalisation, donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif en se référant aux dessins annexés en lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un bloc selon une première forme de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale du bloc selon la figure 1,
  • la figure 2a est une vue en coupe transversale selon la ligne AA de la figure 2,
  • la figure 2b est une vue, en échelle réduite, en coupe longitudinale du bloc selon la figure selon une variante de réalisation,
  • la figure 3 est une vue en perspective d'un bloc selon une deuxième forme de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe longitudinale du bloc selon la figure 3,
  • la figure 4a est une vue en coupe transversale selon la ligne BB de la figure 4,
  • la figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'un bloc selon une troisième forme de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 6 est une vue en coupe longitudinale du bloc selon la figure 5,
  • la figure 6a est une vue en coupe transversale du bloc selon la ligne CC de la figure 4,
  • la figure 7 est une vue en perspective d'un bloc selon une quatrième forme de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 8 est une vue en coupe longitudinale du bloc selon la figure 7,
  • la figure 8a est une vue en coupe transversale selon la ligne DD de la figure 8,
  • la figure 9 est une vue en perspective d'un bloc selon une cinquième forme de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 10 est une vue en coupe longitudinale du bloc selon la figure 9,
  • la figure 10a est une vue en coupe transversale du bloc selon la ligne EE de la figure 10,
  • la figure 11 est une vue en perspective d'un bloc selon une sixième forme de réalisation de l'invention,
  • les figures 12 et 12a sont des vues en coupe longitudinale du bloc selon la figure 11, réalisées selon deux plans verticaux correspondant à deux saignées successives,
  • la figure 12b est une vue en coupe transversale du bloc selon la ligne FF de la figure 12a,
  • la figure 13 est une vue en perspective d'une structure d'angle selon une première forme de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 14 est une vue en perspective d'une structure d'angle selon une deuxième forme de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 15 est une vue en coupe verticale d'un mur réalisé à l'aide de blocs conforme à l'invention.
Other advantages, aims and characteristics of the invention will appear on reading the description of a preferred embodiment, given by way of nonlimiting example with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a perspective view of a block according to a first embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 2 is a view in longitudinal section of the block according to the figure 1 ,
  • the figure 2a is a cross-sectional view along line AA of the figure 2 ,
  • the figure 2b is a view, in reduced scale, in longitudinal section of the block according to the figure according to an alternative embodiment,
  • the figure 3 is a perspective view of a block according to a second embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 4 is a view in longitudinal section of the block according to the figure 3 ,
  • the figure 4a is a cross-sectional view along line BB of the figure 4 ,
  • the figure 5 is a perspective view of a block according to a third embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 6 is a view in longitudinal section of the block according to the figure 5 ,
  • the figure 6a is a cross-sectional view of the block along line CC of the figure 4 ,
  • the figure 7 is a perspective view of a block according to a fourth embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 8 is a view in longitudinal section of the block according to the figure 7 ,
  • the figure 8a is a cross-sectional view along line DD of the figure 8 ,
  • the figure 9 is a perspective view of a block according to a fifth embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 10 is a view in longitudinal section of the block according to the figure 9 ,
  • the figure 10a is a cross-sectional view of the block along line EE of the figure 10 ,
  • the figure 11 is a perspective view of a block according to a sixth embodiment of the invention,
  • the Figures 12 and 12a are views in longitudinal section of the block according to the figure 11 , made according to two vertical planes corresponding to two grooves successive,
  • the figure 12b is a cross-sectional view of the block along line FF of the figure 12a ,
  • the figure 13 is a perspective view of a corner structure according to a first embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 14 is a perspective view of a corner structure according to a second embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 15 is a vertical section view of a wall produced using blocks according to the invention.

Meilleure manière de réaliser l'invention.Best way to realize the invention.

Tel que représenté, le bloc de construction 1, monolithique, alvéolé, en pierre naturelle ou reconstituée ou bien encore en béton, ou en argile, conforme à l'invention, utilisable pour la construction des murs d'un bâtiment d'habitation par exemple, comprend deux faces latérales parallèles verticales 10, deux faces parallèles horizontales 11 formant plans de jointement, et deux faces d'extrémité verticales 12, formant également plan de jointement, l'une des faces 10 latérales verticales ou face externe étant prévue pour être tournée vers l'extérieur du bâtiment, tandis que l'autre, la face interne, est destinée à être tournée vers l'intérieur du bâtiment.As shown, the building block 1, monolithic, honeycomb, natural or reconstituted stone or even concrete, or clay, according to the invention, usable for the construction of the walls of a residential building for example , comprises two vertical parallel lateral faces 10, two horizontal parallel faces 11 forming joint planes, and two vertical end faces 12, also forming joint plane, one of the vertical lateral faces 10 or external face being provided to be rotated towards the outside of the building, while the other, the internal face, is intended to be turned towards the inside of the building.

Conformément à l'invention, le bloc 1 selon des plans géométriques parallèles aux deux faces latérales, verticales 10 comporte des saignées verticales 13 débouchant au moins dans les deux faces horizontales 11, ces saignées 13 divisant le bloc en tranches successives 1a de matière, réunies deux à deux par un ou des pleins de matière 14, écartés les uns des autres et répartis dans chaque saignée. Ces pleins de matière 14 assurent la liaison mécanique entre deux tranches successives 1a ; ils résultent du processus de formation des saignées 13 et des alvéoles et sont taillés dans la masse du bloc. Ces pleins 14 de matière délimitent pour chaque saignée des alvéoles communicants.According to the invention, the block 1 according to geometric planes parallel to the two lateral, vertical faces 10 comprises vertical grooves 13 opening at least into the two horizontal faces 11, these grooves 13 dividing the block into successive slices 1a of material, joined together two by two by one or full of material 14, separated from each other and distributed in each groove. These fillings of material 14 provide the mechanical connection between two successive sections 1a; they result from the process of forming the grooves 13 and the cells and are cut from the mass of the block. These full 14 of matter delimit for each bleeding communicating cells.

Selon la forme de réalisation objet des figures 1, 2, 2a, 2b, les pleins 14 de matière sont organisés en deux rangées parallèles, horizontales supérieure et inférieure. Les pleins de matière 14 de chaque rangées sont régulièrement écartés le long de cette dernière d'un pas d'espacement p. Les rangées supérieure et inférieure sont décalées longitudinalement l'une par rapport à l'autre d'une valeur égale à celle d'un demi pas d'espacement p/2 afin que les pleins de chaque rangée se trouve respectivement au droit des intervalles entre les pleins 14 de l'autre rangée.According to the embodiment object of figures 1 , 2, 2a, 2b , the full 14 of material are organized in two parallel rows, upper and lower horizontal. The fillings of material 14 in each row are regularly spaced along the latter by a spacing step p. The rows upper and lower are offset longitudinally with respect to each other by a value equal to that of a half pitch spacing p / 2 so that the fillings in each row are respectively at the intervals between the fillings 14 in the other row.

On peut voir sur les figures 2, 2b que les pleins14 et les alvéoles qu'ils délimitent apparaissant en traits continus et définissent un premier modèle d'agencement et de répartition alvéolaire tandis que ceux apparaissant en traits pointillés sur cette figure, formés dans la ou les deux saignées adjacentes définissent un second motif de répartition alvéolaire. On note également que le second modèle se déduit du premier par symétrisation de ce dernier selon un plan P1 horizontal situé à égale distance des faces 11 supérieure et inférieure du bloc.We can see on the figures 2, 2b that the solid14 and the alveoli which they delimit appearing in continuous lines and define a first model of arrangement and alveolar distribution while those appearing in dotted lines in this figure, formed in the or two adjacent grooves define a second pattern of alveolar distribution. It is also noted that the second model is deduced from the first by symmetrization of the latter according to a horizontal plane P1 situated at equal distance from the upper and lower faces 11 of the block.

Ainsi les rangées supérieure de pleins 14 de deux saignées 13 adjacentes sont décalées longitudinalement l'une par rapport à l'autre de la valeur d'un demi pas p/2 de sorte que les pleins de l'une de ses deux rangées supérieure se trouve au droit des intervalles entre les pleins 14 de l'autre rangée supérieure. Une même disposition est reproduite pour ce qui concerne les deux rangées inférieures de pleins 14 de deux saignées adjacentes 13. De par ces dispositions est évité tout alignement continu de pleins 14 entre les faces latérales 10 interne et externe du bloc 1, de nature à créer des ponts thermiques directs entre les deux faces 10. En revanche, le décalage créé, augmente le trajet thermique entre ces deux faces 10.Thus the upper rows of solid 14 of two adjacent grooves 13 are offset longitudinally with respect to each other by the value of a half step p / 2 so that the solid of one of its two upper rows is located to the right of the intervals between the full 14 of the other upper row. The same arrangement is reproduced with regard to the two lower rows of solid 14 of two adjacent grooves 13. By these arrangements is avoided any continuous alignment of solid 14 between the internal and external lateral faces 10 of the block 1, so as to create direct thermal bridges between the two faces 10. On the other hand, the offset created increases the thermal path between these two faces 10.

Avantageusement, les rangées supérieure et inférieure de pleins 14 sont écartées respectivement des faces 11 horizontale supérieure et inférieure du bloc de construction. Une telle disposition ménage en partie supérieure et en partie inférieure, au niveau de chaque saignée 13, des rainures horizontales continues à fond plat ajouré.Advantageously, the upper and lower rows of solid 14 are spaced respectively from the upper and lower horizontal faces 11 of the building block. Such an arrangement provides, in the upper part and in the lower part, at the level of each groove 13, continuous horizontal grooves with openwork flat bottom.

Toujours selon la forme préférée de réalisation, la valeur de l'entraxe entre deux rangées de pleins 14 d'une même saignée 13, est sensiblement égale ou voisine du double de l'écart séparant l'axe de chaque rangée de la face horizontale 11 qui lui est la plus proche. De cette manière, quand plusieurs blocs 1 sont empilés pour former un mur, les axes horizontaux des rangées formées par les pleins 14 s'espacent d'un bloc à l'autre sensiblement de la même valeur que sur un même bloc.Still according to the preferred embodiment, the value of the distance between two rows of solid 14 of the same groove 13, is substantially equal to or close to twice the distance separating the axis of each row from the horizontal face 11 who is closest to him. In this way, when several blocks 1 are stacked to form a wall, the horizontal axes of the rows formed by the solid 14 are spaced from one block to the other substantially of the same value only on the same block.

Dans la forme de réalisation objet des figures 1 et 2, 2a, les pleins 14 présentent une forme de trapèze isocèle. La grande base et les côtés obliques de ce trapèze isocèle sont formés par des arcs de circonférence de cercle. Une telle disposition résulte du creusement de la saignée 13 et donc de la réalisation du modèle d'agencement alvéolaire à l'aide d'un disque circulaire de coupe entraîné en rotation et en translation verticale dans le bloc. Le diamètre du disque de coupe est égal ou supérieur au moins à deux fois la hauteur d'assise du bloc, cette hauteur correspondant à la distance normale entre les deux faces planes horizontales 11 du bloc. La profondeur de pénétration du disque dans le bloc est égale au deux tiers de la hauteur d'assise. Enfin la valeur p correspondant au pas d'espacement des pleins 14 de chaque rangée inférieure et supérieure, et par voie de conséquence au pas d'espacement des alvéoles situés entre les pleins 14, pourra être égale, sans que cela soit limitatif, à la valeur du diamètre du disque.In the embodiment object of figures 1 and 2, 2a , the solid 14 have an isosceles trapezoid shape. The large base and the oblique sides of this isosceles trapezoid are formed by arcs of circumference of a circle. Such an arrangement results from the digging of the groove 13 and therefore from the production of the cellular arrangement model using a circular cutting disc driven in rotation and in vertical translation in the block. The diameter of the cutting disc is equal to or greater than at least twice the seat height of the block, this height corresponding to the normal distance between the two horizontal flat faces 11 of the block. The penetration depth of the disc in the block is equal to two thirds of the seat height. Finally, the value p corresponding to the spacing pitch of the fillers 14 of each lower and upper row, and consequently to the spacing pitch of the cells located between the fillers 14, may be equal, without this being limiting, to the value of the disc diameter.

Les rainures supérieure et inférieure sont formées à l'aide du disque de coupe ; à cette fin ce dernier, en étant toujours entraîné en rotation, est animé d'un mouvement d'avance parallèle aux faces supérieures et inférieures 11 du bloc.The upper and lower grooves are formed using the cutting disc; to this end the latter, while still being driven in rotation, is driven by a movement of advance parallel to the upper and lower faces 11 of the block.

En raison de ces dispositions, les pleins de matière 14 présentent une section suffisante pour donner au bloc de construction une résistance mécanique suffisante malgré la formation des saignées 13.Because of these provisions, the fillings of material 14 have a cross section sufficient to give the building block sufficient mechanical strength despite the formation of grooves 13.

On remarque que les saignées 13 débouchent également dans les faces d'extrémité 12. On peut voir plus particulièrement en figures 2, et 2b que les pleins 14 d'extrémité de l'une des rangées de chaque saignée, dans la mesure où l'une des extrémités d'un bloc correspond à leur axe de symétrie vertical, forment chacun un demi motif afin que, dans un tel cas de figure, un motif complet de plein soit reconstitué lors de l'aboutement de deux blocs 1 par une de leurs deux faces d'extrémité 12. Une telle disposition est reproduite alternativement pour les rangées inférieure et supérieure des différentes saignées 13.Note that the grooves 13 also open into the end faces 12. We can see more particularly in Figures 2, and 2b that the solid ends 14 of one of the rows of each groove, insofar as one of the ends of a block corresponds to their vertical axis of symmetry, each forms a half pattern so that, in such a case in figure, a full fill pattern is reconstituted during the joining of two blocks 1 by one of their two end faces 12. Such an arrangement is reproduced alternately for the lower and upper rows of the different grooves 13.

Selon une variante d'exécution, telle que représentée en figure 2b, les pions de matière 14 se présentent chacun sous la forme d'un triangle curviligne. Une telle disposition résulte de la formation des saignées et des pleins à l'aide d'un disque de coupe de plus grand diamètre.According to an alternative embodiment, as shown in figure 2b , the material pins 14 are each in the form of a curvilinear triangle. Such an arrangement results from the formation of grooves and fillings using a cutting disc of larger diameter.

En figure 3, 4, et 4a est représenté un bloc selon une deuxième forme de réalisation. On peut voir que les saignées 13 débouchent tant dans les faces horizontales 11 supérieure et inférieure que dans les faces d'extrémité 12.In figure 3 , 4, and 4a a block is shown according to a second embodiment. It can be seen that the grooves 13 open both in the upper and lower horizontal faces 11 and in the end faces 12.

Les pleins 14 se répartissent suivant trois rangées horizontales à savoir deux rangées supérieure et inférieure et une rangée médiane. Dans cette forme de réalisation, les pleins14 de la rangée médiane se présentent sous forme de losange tandis que les pleins 14 des rangées supérieure et inférieure se présentent sous la forme d'un triangle isocèle correspondant au demi motif de la forme en losange des pleins de la rangée médiane. On note également que la base de chaque triangle isocèle que forme chaque plein de la rangée supérieure, est contenue dans la face supérieure horizontale 11 du bloc tandis que la base de chaque triangle isocèle que forme les pleins 14 de la rangée inférieure est contenue dans la face inférieure 11 du bloc. Une telle disposition a pour effet d'augmenter l'importance des surfaces de jointement que constituent les faces 11 inférieure et supérieure du bloc et par voie de conséquence, lors de la réalisation d'un mur, a pour effet de renforcer la liaison entre les rangées de bloc.The full 14 are distributed in three horizontal rows, namely two upper and lower rows and a middle row. In this embodiment, the fillets 14 in the middle row are in the form of diamonds while the fillings 14 in the upper and lower rows are in the form of an isosceles triangle corresponding to the half pattern of the diamond shape of the fillets the middle row. We also note that the base of each isosceles triangle formed by each tank in the upper row is contained in the horizontal upper face 11 of the block while the base of each isosceles triangle formed by the tanks 14 in the lower row is contained in the lower face 11 of the block. The effect of such an arrangement is to increase the size of the joining surfaces formed by the lower and upper faces of the block, and consequently, when making a wall, has the effect of strengthening the connection between the block rows.

De telles dispositions, selon une première technique de fabrication par enlèvement de matière, résultent du creusement de chaque saignée 13 et donc de la réalisation du modèle d'agencement alvéolaire, à l'aide d'une lame de tronçonneuse, amenée à pénétrer dans le bloc obliquement de manière traversante, alternativement avec une inclinaison à droite et une inclinaison à gauche. On remarque que les pleins 14 des différentes rangées sont régulièrement espacés d'un même pas p d'espacement. On remarque également que les pleins 14 des rangées supérieure et inférieure sont alignés selon des axes verticaux et que la rangée médiane de plein 14 est décalée longitudinalement par rapport aux rangées supérieure et inférieure de la valeur d'un demi pas d'espacement p/2 entre les pleins 14, de sorte que les pleins 14 de cette rangée médiane sont situés au droit des intervalles entre les pleins 14 des rangées supérieure et inférieure.Such arrangements, according to a first manufacturing technique by removing material, result from the digging of each groove 13 and therefore from the production of the alveolar arrangement model, using a chainsaw blade, brought into the block obliquely traversing, alternately with a right tilt and a left tilt. Note that the full 14 of the different rows are regularly spaced by the same spacing step p. We also note that the full 14 of the upper and lower rows are aligned along vertical axes and that the middle full row 14 is offset longitudinally with respect to the upper and lower rows by the value of half a spacing step p / 2 between the full 14, so that the full 14 of this middle row are located at the right of the intervals between the full 14 of the upper and lower rows.

On remarque aussi en figure 3 que les pleins 14 d'extrémité soit des rangées supérieure et inférieure, soit de la rangée médiane de chaque saignée 13, dans la mesure où l'une des extrémités d'un bloc correspond à leur axe de symétrie vertical, forment chacun un demi motif afin que, dans un tel cas de figure, un motif complet de plein 14 soit reconstitué lors de l'aboutement de deux blocs 1 par une de leurs faces d'extrémité 12.We also notice in figure 3 that the full end 14 is upper and lower rows, or from the middle row of each groove 13, insofar as one of the ends of a block corresponds to their vertical axis of symmetry, each forms a half pattern so that, in such a case , a full fill pattern 14 is reconstituted during the joining of two blocks 1 by one of their end faces 12.

En figure 4, le premier modèle d'agencement alvéolaire apparaît en traits forts tandis que le second modèle d'agencement alvéolaire reproduit dans la ou les saignées adjacentes apparaît en traits pointillés. On observe que ce second modèle d'agencement alvéolaire se déduit du premier par translation selon la longueur du bloc d'une valeur égale à celle d'un demi pas d'espacement p/2. De cette manière, les pleins 14 de matière de chaque saignée 13 se trouvent situés au droit des intervalles entre les pleins de matière 14 des saignées adjacentes, toujours dans le but d'éviter tout alignement continu de pleins 14 de matière entre les faces latérales 10 du bloc.In figure 4 , the first model of honeycomb arrangement appears in strong lines while the second model of honeycomb arrangement reproduced in the adjacent groove or grooves appears in dotted lines. It is observed that this second model of alveolar arrangement is deduced from the first by translation along the length of the block of a value equal to that of a half spacing step p / 2. In this way, the fillings 14 of material from each groove 13 are located at the intervals between the fillings of material 14 from the adjacent grooves, always with the aim of avoiding any continuous alignment of fillings 14 of material between the lateral faces 10 of the block.

En figure 5, 6 et 6a est représentée une troisième forme de réalisation du bloc selon l'invention. Les saignées 13 débouchent dans les faces horizontales 11 et dans les faces latérales 12.In figure 5 , 6 and 6a a third embodiment of the block according to the invention is shown. The grooves 13 open into the horizontal faces 11 and into the lateral faces 12.

Les pleins 14 de chaque saignée 13 se répartissent de manière équidistante selon une rangée horizontale disposée proche de l'une des faces horizontales 11 et à plus grande distance de l'autre face 11. En vue d'assurer la tenue du bloc, sont prévus des pions d'entretoisement rapportés 15, de préférence en verre expansé, ou en toute autre matière thermiquement isolante, collés aux faces internes de la saignée 13. Ces pions 15 équidistants forment une rangée horizontale. Ces pions 15 sont espacés les uns des autres de la valeur d'un même pas d'espacement p. Ces pions 15 peuvent se situer au droit des intervalles entre les pleins 14 ou bien être disposés au droit de ces pleins 14. Ces pions sont espacés les uns des autres de la valeur du pas d'espacement p. On remarque aussi que les pions rapportés 15 de chaque saignée 13 sont décalés par rapport aux pions 15 et aux pleins 14 de la ou des deux saignées adjacentes afin d'éviter de former des alignements continus de pions et/ou de pions et pleins, d'une face 10 à l'autre.The full 14 of each groove 13 are distributed equidistantly in a horizontal row arranged close to one of the horizontal faces 11 and at greater distance from the other face 11. In order to ensure the holding of the block, are provided added bracing pins 15, preferably made of expanded glass, or any other thermally insulating material, glued to the internal faces of the groove 13. These pins 15 are equally spaced and form a horizontal row. These pins 15 are spaced from each other by the value of the same spacing step p. These pins 15 can be located at the right intervals between the solid 14 or be arranged at the right of these solid 14. These pins are spaced from each other by the value of the spacing step p. We also note that the added pins 15 of each groove 13 are offset with respect to pins 15 and full 14 of the or two adjacent grooves in order to avoid forming continuous alignments of pawns and / or pawns and full, d 'one side 10 to the other.

De telles dispositions de pleins 14 résultent du creusement de chaque saignée à l'aide par exemple d'un disque de coupe entraîné en rotation et en translation selon la longueur du bloc. Ainsi, en vue de la réalisation du modèle d'agencement alvéolaire propre à la saignée 13 considérée, seront creusées une première rainure profonde depuis l'une des faces horizontales 11 du bloc et une seconde rainure moins profonde depuis l'autre face 11 du bloc en sorte de laisser subsister un cordon linéaire de matière. Ce cordon linéaire sera ensuite perforé pour la formation des pleins 14 à l'aide tout outil coupant adapté tel que lame de tronçonneuse ou disque de coupe.Such full arrangements 14 result from the digging of each groove using for example a cutting disc driven in rotation and in translation along the length of the block. Thus, for the production of the cellular arrangement model specific to the groove 13 considered, a first deep groove will be dug from one of the horizontal faces 11 of the block and a second shallower groove from the other face 11 of the block so as to leave a linear bead of material. This linear cord will then be perforated for the formation of solid 14 using any suitable cutting tool such as chainsaw blade or cutting disc.

Sur la figure 6 le premier modèle d'agencement alvéolaire apparaît en trait plein, tandis que le second modèle d'agencement alvéolaire, reproduit dans la ou les saignées 13 adjacentes apparaît en traits pointillés. On note que ce second modèle d'agencement se déduit du premier par translation de ce dernier vers le bas et translation dans le sens de la longueur du bloc selon une valeur égale à p/2.On the figure 6 the first model of alveolar arrangement appears in solid line, while the second model of alveolar arrangement, reproduced in the adjacent groove (s) 13 appears in dotted lines. It is noted that this second arrangement model is deduced from the first by translating the latter downward and translating in the direction of the length of the block according to a value equal to p / 2.

En figure 7 et 8 et 8a est représentée une quatrième forme de réalisation du bloc selon l'invention. Cette forme de réalisation est conforme à la précédente à ceci près que les deux rangées de pleins 14 et de pions 15 sont respectivement tangentes aux faces supérieure et inférieure 11 du bloc et que le second modèle d'agencement alvéolaire ne se déduit du premier que par simple translation opérée selon la longueur du bloc d'une valeur égale à p/2.In figure 7 and 8 and 8a a fourth embodiment of the block according to the invention is shown. This embodiment conforms to the previous one except that the two rows of solid 14 and pins 15 are respectively tangent to the upper and lower faces 11 of the block and that the second model of cellular arrangement is deduced from the first only by simple translation operated along the length of the block with a value equal to p / 2.

En figures 9, 10 et 10a est représenté un bloc selon une troisième forme de réalisation. On peut voir que les saignées 13 débouchent tant dans les faces horizontales 11 que dans les faces verticales d'extrémité 12.In figures 9 , 10 and 10a a block is shown according to a third embodiment. It can be seen that the grooves 13 open as much in the horizontal faces 11 as in the vertical end faces 12.

Les pleins 14, de contour carré, se répartissent selon deux rangées horizontales écartées l'une de l'autre. Les pleins de chaque rangée sont espacés les uns des autres d'un même pas d'espacement p. Dans cette forme de réalisation, les pleins 14 de chaque rangée sont situés au droit des pleins 14 de l'autre rangée. On remarque également que l'une des rangées de plein 14 est tangente à la face horizontale 11 qui lui est la plus proche tandis que l'autre rangée de plein 14 est écartée de la face horizontal 11 qui lui est la plus proche afin de ménager une rainure à fond plat discontinu. De plus l'un des deux pleins d'extrémité de chaque rangée est tangent à la face d'extrémité 12 qui lui est la plus proche, l'autre plein 14 d'extrémité étant dans ce cas écarté de l'autre face d'extrémité 12 d'une valeur correspondant à la celle du pas d'espacement des pleins 14 sur chaque rangée.The solid 14, of square outline, are distributed in two horizontal rows spaced from one another. The fillings in each row are spaced from each other by the same spacing step p. In this embodiment, the full 14 of each row are located to the right of the full 14 of the other row. We also note that one of the full rows 14 is tangent to the horizontal face 11 which is closest to it while the other full row 14 is spaced from the horizontal face 11 which is closest to it in order to spare a discontinuous flat bottom groove. In addition, one of the two end fillings in each row is tangent to the end face 12 which is closest to it, the other end fill 14 being in this case spaced from the other face of end 12 of a value corresponding to that of the spacing step of full 14 on each row.

De telles dispositions résultent du creusement de chaque saignée 13 à l'aide par exemple d'une lame de tronçonneuse amenée à pénétrer dans le bloc tant verticalement qu'horizontalement pour y former les alvéoles et de manière concomitante, les pleins 14 de matière.Such arrangements result from the digging of each groove 13 using, for example, a chainsaw blade brought into the block both vertically and horizontally to form the cells therein and, concomitantly, full 14 of material.

Sur la figure 10 apparaît en traits forts le premier modèle d'agencement alvéolaire et en traits pointillés le second modèle d'agencement alvéolaire, ce second modèle étant reproduit dans les saignées 13 adjacentes. Ce second modèle se déduit du premier par une première translation de ce dernier opérée selon la longueur du bloc et selon une valeur égale à un demi pas d'espacement p/2 et par une seconde translation opérée selon la hauteur du bloc.On the figure 10 appears in strong lines the first model of alveolar arrangement and in dotted lines the second model of alveolar arrangement, this second model being reproduced in the adjacent grooves 13. This second model is deduced from the first by a first translation of the latter operated along the length of the block and according to a value equal to half a spacing step p / 2 and by a second translation operated according to the height of the block.

En figure 11, 12 et 12a est représentée une sixième forme de réalisation. On observe en figure12 que les pleins se répartissent non pas selon une rangée rectiligne horizontale mais selon une ondulation horizontale formée à proximité de l'une des deux faces horizontales. En vue d'accroître la résistance du bloc, une rangée horizontale rapportée de pions 15 équidistants, espacés d'un pas p est formée dans la saignée 13 à distance des pleins 14. Ces pions 15 sont de préférence en verre expansé ou en toute autre matière thermiquement isolante et sont collés sur les deux faces de la saignée 13. On remarque aussi que les pions rapportés 15 de chaque saignée 13 sont décalés par rapport aux pions 15 et aux pleins 14 de la ou des deux saignées adjacentes afin d'éviter de former des alignements continus de pions et/ou de pions et pleins, d'une face 10 à l'autre.In figure 11 , 12 and 12a a sixth embodiment is shown. We observe in figure12 that the solid ones are distributed not according to a horizontal rectilinear row but according to a horizontal undulation formed near one of the two horizontal faces. In order to increase the resistance of the block, an added horizontal row of equidistant pins 15, spaced at a pitch p, is formed in the groove 13 at a distance from the solid ones 14. These pins 15 are preferably made of expanded glass or any other thermally insulating material and are bonded to the two faces of the groove 13. It is also noted that the added pins 15 of each groove 13 are offset with respect to the pins 15 and the solid 14 of the one or two adjacent grooves in order to avoid form continuous alignments of pawns and / or pawns and full, from one face 10 to the other.

De telles dispositions de pleins 14 résultent du creusement de deux rainures opposées, depuis les faces horizontales à l'aide par exemple d'un disque de coupe entraîné en rotation, en translation selon la longueur du bloc et en translation verticale selon un mouvement alternatif. Ainsi est formé un cordon de matière ondulé, continu qui est ensuite perforé pour la formation des pleins 14 à l'aide tout outil coupant adapté tel que lame de tronçonneuse ou disque de coupe. Sur la figure 12, le premier modèle d'agencement alvéolaire apparaît en traits forts tandis que le second modèle d'agencement alvéolaire apparaît en traits pointillés. On peut remarquer que ce second modèle d'agencement se déduit du premier translation vers le bas des pleins 14.Such full arrangements 14 result from the digging of two opposite grooves, from the horizontal faces using for example a cutting disc driven in rotation, in translation along the length of the block and in vertical translation in an alternating movement. Thus is formed a bead of corrugated, continuous material which is then perforated for the formation of solid 14 using any suitable cutting tool such as chainsaw blade or cutting disc. On the figure 12 , the first model of honeycomb arrangement appears in strong lines while the second model of honeycomb arrangement appears in dotted lines. It can be noted that this second arrangement model is deduced from the first downward translation of the solid 14.

De préférence le bloc de construction tel que décrit dans ses différentes formes de réalisation, présente deux tranches 1a latérales correspondant aux faces externe et interne 10 et une ou plusieurs tranches intermédiaires 1a parallèles aux tranches latérales. De préférence, l'une au moins des deux tranches latérales 1a est plus épaisse que la ou les tranches intermédiaires. Une telle disposition confère à la tranche épaisse une résistance mécanique accrue. Dans les exemples de réalisation décrits, les deux tranches latérales 1a sont plus épaisses que les tranches intermédiaires toujours dans le but de conférer aux tranches les plus exposées aux chocs, une résistance mécanique accrue.Preferably the building block as described in its various embodiments, has two lateral sections 1a corresponding to the external and internal faces 10 and one or more intermediate sections 1a parallel to the lateral sections. Preferably, at least one of the two lateral sections 1a is thicker than the intermediate section or sections. Such an arrangement gives the thick wafer increased mechanical strength. In the exemplary embodiments described, the two lateral sections 1a are thicker than the intermediate sections, always with the aim of imparting to the sections most exposed to shocks, increased mechanical resistance.

Toujours selon l'invention l'une au moins des saignées 13 au contact des tranches1a latérales c'est-à-dire celles portant les faces latérales verticales 10 du bloc 1 est plus large que les saignées intermédiaires. De par cette disposition, cette saignée 13, si elle correspond à la face latérale interne au bâtiment pourra recevoir des conduites de fluides, gaz ou eau et des conduites électriques et autres, et si elle correspond à la face externe au bâtiment pourra être traversée, sans créer de pertes de charges importantes, par une lame d'air mise en mouvement en vue de tempérer le bâtiment.Still according to the invention at least one of the grooves 13 in contact with the lateral sections 1a, that is to say those carrying the vertical lateral faces 10 of the block 1 is wider than the intermediate grooves. By virtue of this arrangement, this groove 13, if it corresponds to the internal lateral face of the building can receive fluid, gas or water pipes and electrical and other pipes, and if it corresponds to the external face of the building can be crossed, without creating significant pressure drops, by an air knife set in motion to temper the building.

En vue de son renforcement mécanique, le bloc selon l'invention pourra être équipé de barrettes métalliques noyées dans des rainures obliques ou horizontales formées dans les faces d'extrémité 12 et fixées rigidement par tout moyen connu, aux différentes tranches 1a du bloc. Une telle disposition assure l'entretoisement des différentes tranches 1a du bloc.In view of its mechanical reinforcement, the block according to the invention may be equipped with metal bars embedded in oblique or horizontal grooves formed in the end faces 12 and rigidly fixed by any known means, to the various sections 1a of the block. Such an arrangement ensures the bracing of the various sections 1a of the block.

En figures 13 et 14 est représentée une structure d'angle formée par deux blocs 1 conforme à l'invention. On peut voir que les blocs formant cette structure d'angle sont joints l'un à l'autre et forment un angle non plat entre eux de préférence un angle droit. Cette structure d'angle présente deux faces latérales verticales 10 externe et interne formant chacune un dièdre, deux faces horizontales supérieure et inférieure 11 et deux faces d'extrémité 12 verticales disposées dans des plans perpendiculaires l'un à l'autre. On peut voir que selon cette forme de réalisation, les tranches latérales 1a à savoir les tranches portant les faces interne et externe de la structure d'angle, forment également un dièdre. On remarque également que les faces latérales sont 10 sont continues.In figures 13 and 14 is shown a corner structure formed by two blocks 1 according to the invention. It can be seen that the blocks forming this angle structure are joined to each other and form a non-flat angle between them, preferably a right angle. This corner structure has two vertical lateral faces 10, external and internal, each forming a dihedral, two upper and lower horizontal faces 11 and two vertical end faces 12 arranged in planes perpendicular to each other. It can be seen that according to this embodiment, the lateral sections 1a, namely the sections carrying the internal and external faces of the corner structure, also form a dihedral. Note also that the side faces are 10 are continuous.

Selon la forme de réalisation objet de la figure 13, une perforation traversante 16 est réalisée au niveau de la jonction entre les deux blocs 1, parallèlement aux tranches intermédiaires du premier bloc.According to the embodiment object of the figure 13 , a perforation through 16 is made at the junction between the two blocks 1, parallel to the intermediate sections of the first block.

Grâce à cette disposition, les tranches intermédiaires 1a du second bloc sont maintenues à écartement du premier bloc, de sorte que la saignée au contact de la tranche portant la face interne de ce premier bloc communique au travers de cette perforation16 avec les saignées 13 de l'autre bloc.Thanks to this arrangement, the intermediate sections 1a of the second block are kept apart from the first block, so that the groove in contact with the edge carrying the internal face of this first block communicates through this perforation16 with the grooves 13 of the 'other block.

On peut remarquer que les saignées 13 que présente le premier bloc 1 ne débouchent pas au niveau de l'angle que forme la structure d'angle, mais sont obturées par une paroi rapportée.It can be noted that the grooves 13 presented by the first block 1 do not open at the angle formed by the corner structure, but are closed by an attached wall.

La structure d'angle selon la forme de réalisation objet de la figure 14, ne comporte pas de perforation traversante 16 et aucune communication ne peut être établie entre les saignées 13 des deux blocs 1.The corner structure according to the embodiment object of the figure 14 , has no through perforation 16 and no communication can be established between the grooves 13 of the two blocks 1.

Le bloc tel que décrit est préférentiellement réalisé par usinage d'une masse en pierre naturelle ou en pierre reconstituée , mais ce bloc peut être obtenu par moulage d'une pâte durcissable à base d'agrégats de pierre naturelle ou autre et d'un liant hydraulique tel que du ciment avec sable ou gravier ou bien à partir de tout autre ingrédients tel que argile, utilisés dans le domaine du bâtiment pour la fabrication des blocs de construction. En vue de leur réalisation par moulage seront mis en œuvre des moules en plusieurs parties assemblables les unes aux autres selon des plans de joints. Ces moules de manière connue pourront être associés à des dispositifs vibreurs.The block as described is preferably produced by machining a mass of natural stone or reconstituted stone, but this block can be obtained by molding a hardenable paste based on aggregates of natural or other stone and a binder hydraulic such as cement with sand or gravel or from any other ingredient such as clay, used in the building sector for the manufacture of building blocks. In view of their production by molding, molds will be used in several parts which can be assembled together according to joint plans. These molds in known manner may be associated with vibrating devices.

En figure 15 est représenté un mur réalisé par empilement de bloc 1 selon l'invention. De préférence, ces blocs sont assemblés les uns aux autres par un liant qui peut être une colle. Ce liant est apposé sur les faces horizontales 11 et les faces d'extrémité 12 et les blocs 1 sont disposés en sorte que les saignées 13 de chacun d'entre eux soient en communication avec les saignées homologues 13 des blocs 1 adjacents. Ainsi le mur réalisé présente une série de lames d'air parallèles, verticales, s'étendant de bas en haut formant des couches isolantes.In figure 15 a wall is shown produced by stacking block 1 according to the invention. Preferably, these blocks are assembled to each other by a binder which can be an adhesive. This binder is affixed to the horizontal faces 11 and the end faces 12 and the blocks 1 are arranged so that the grooves 13 of each of them are in communication with the homologous grooves 13 of the adjacent blocks 1. Thus the wall produced has a series of parallel, vertical air spaces, extending from bottom to top forming insulating layers.

Afin d'assurer l'étanchéité de ces lames d'air, chaque bloc 1 comportera le long de ses arêtes longitudinales et verticales des feuillures continues prévues pour recevoir après empilement, un liant étanche.In order to ensure the airtightness of these air knives, each block 1 will have, along its longitudinal and vertical edges, continuous rebates provided for receiving, after stacking, a tight binder.

Avantageusement, au moins la lame d'air la plus proche de la face externe du mur pourra être mise en circulation entre un échangeur de chaleur, inférieur 17 du type puits canadien formé dans le sol, autour des fondations par exemple, et un extracteur d'air 18, disposé en partie supérieure de la construction.Advantageously, at least the air gap closest to the face external of the wall can be circulated between a heat exchanger, lower 17 of the Canadian well type formed in the ground, around the foundations for example, and an air extractor 18, arranged in the upper part of the construction.

Le puits canadien 17 comportera une bouche d'aspiration d'air en communication par exemple avec l'atmosphère et sera en relation de communication étanche, par tout moyen de raccordement adapté avec la ou les saignées 13 accueillant la ou les lames d'air en mouvement.The Canadian well 17 will include an air suction mouth in communication for example with the atmosphere and will be in sealed communication relation, by any suitable connection means with the groove or grooves 13 receiving the air gap (s) in movement.

L'extracteur d'air 18 sera également en communication étanche avec ces mêmes saignées 13. Une telle disposition permet de tempérer le bâtiment réalisé.The air extractor 18 will also be in sealed communication with these same grooves 13. Such an arrangement makes it possible to temper the building produced.

Le mur en partie supérieure et en partie inférieure recevra des moyens d'obturation 19 des saignées 13 correspondantes aux lames d'air non mises en mouvement. Ces moyens d'obturation 19 pourront être formés par une couche de verre cellulaire ou autre.The wall in the upper part and in the lower part will receive sealing means 19 for the grooves 13 corresponding to the air knives not set in motion. These sealing means 19 may be formed by a layer of cellular glass or the like.

Avantageusement, l'extracteur d'air 18 est piloté par une sonde de température, connue en soi, non représentée, réglée par rapport à des pics de températures basse et haute. Cette sonde de température sera sensible à la température externe au bâtiment.Advantageously, the air extractor 18 is controlled by a temperature probe, known per se, not shown, adjusted with respect to peaks of low and high temperatures. This temperature sensor will be sensitive to the temperature outside the building.

Il va de soi que la présente invention peut recevoir tous aménagements et variantes du domaine des équivalents techniques sans pour autant sortir du cadre du présent brevet tel que défini par les revendications ci-après.It goes without saying that the present invention can receive all arrangements and variants in the field of technical equivalents without departing from the scope of this patent as defined by the claims below.

Claims (15)

  1. Method for producing a honeycomb insulating building block from natural or reconstituted stone or from concrete or clay, comprising horizontal faces (11), vertical lateral faces (10) extending in the direction of the largest dimension of the block and vertical end faces (12), comprising:
    - defining a first honeycomb arrangement pattern comprising one or more cells of predefined shapes and solid material portions (14) of predefined shapes,
    - defining a second honeycomb arrangement pattern comprising one or more cells of predefined shapes and solid material portions (14) of predefined shapes, that cannot be stacked on the previous one, and
    - forming, in the body of a block, according to successive vertical geometric planes, spaced apart from each other, alternately, grooves (13) that reproduce the first and second honeycomb patterns such that the solid material portions (14) corresponding to each plane are offset relative to the solid material portions (14) of the contiguous plane or planes and the cells corresponding to each plane are communicating and isolated from the cells of the contiguous plane or planes by a portion (1a) of material of uniform thickness,
    characterised in that at least one of the grooves (13) in contact with the portions (1a) bearing the vertical lateral faces (10) of the block is wider than the other grooves (13).
  2. Method for producing a building block according to claim 1, characterised in that it comprises producing a first honeycomb arrangement pattern that has an asymmetry according to at least the horizontal and producing a second honeycomb arrangement pattern by symmetrisation of the first pattern according to a horizontal plane.
  3. Method for producing a building block according to claim 1, characterised in that the second honeycomb arrangement pattern is deduced from the first by offsetting the latter in the direction of the length of the block.
  4. Method for producing a building block according to claim 1, characterised in that the second honeycomb arrangement pattern is deduced from the first by pivoting the latter according to angle of 180°.
  5. Method for producing a building block, according to any preceding claim, characterised in that the cells are formed by hollowing the block from at least one of the horizontal (11) and/or end faces (12).
  6. Method for producing a building block according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the hollowing of the block is carried out by vertical (descending) or horizontal penetration of a sharp tool into the block.
  7. Method for producing a honeycomb insulating building block, according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that it is obtained by moulding a paste.
  8. Honeycomb building block from stone, for in particular the building of building walls, comprising at least two vertical parallel lateral faces (10), at least two horizontal parallel faces (11) forming a joining plane, and at least two vertical end faces (12), also forming a joining plane, one of the vertical lateral faces (10) or external face being provided to be turned towards the exterior of the building, the building block from stone including, according to geometric planes parallel to the two vertical lateral faces (10), vertical grooves (13) in each one of which is formed at least one series of communicating cells, opening at least into the horizontal faces (11), these vertical grooves (13) dividing the block into successive portions (1a) of materials, connected two-by-two by solid material portions (14), separated from one another delimiting the communicating cells, the solid material portions (14) providing the mechanical connection between two successive portions (1a) of material and the solid material portions (14), of one groove (13) successive to the other being offset from one another so that no continuous alignment of solid material portions (14) is formed between the two lateral faces of the block, characterised in that at least one of the grooves (13) in contact with the portions (1a) bearing the vertical lateral faces (10) of the block is wider than the other grooves (13).
  9. Building block according to claim 8, characterised in that the upper and lower rows of solid material portions (14) are separated respectively from the upper and lower horizontal faces (11) of the building block.
  10. Building block according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the value of the centre-distance between two rows of solid material portions (14) of the same groove (13) is substantially equal or close to double the difference that separates the axis of each row from the horizontal face (11) that is closest to it.
  11. Building block according to any of claims 8 to 10 characterised by pins of thermally insulating material (15), added between the portions (1a) of material and fastened to the latter by gluing.
  12. Building block according to any of claims 8 to 11, including two lateral portions (1a) of material bearing the lateral faces (10) and at least one intermediate portion (1a) of material, characterised in that at least one of the two lateral portions (1a) is thicker than the intermediate portion or portions (1a).
  13. Angle structure formed by two building blocks according to any of claims 8 to 12, characterised by a through-perforation (16) made at the junction between the two blocks, parallel to the intermediate portions (1a) of one of the block segments.
  14. Wall characterised in that it is produced by blocks and angle structure according to any of claims 8 to 13.
  15. Wall according to the preceding claim, characterised in that it has a succession of air layers formed by the grooves (13) of the blocks, each groove (13) of each block being in communication relation with the groove (13) homologue of the or of each adjacent block, and at least the air layer that is closest to the external face of the wall is in communication relation on the one hand, in the lower portion, with a heat exchanger of the ground heat exchanger type (17) formed in the ground, and on the other hand, in the upper portion, with an air extractor (18) in order to be put into circulation.
EP14786950.7A 2013-08-09 2014-08-11 Method for producing a honeycomb insulating building block from natural or reconstituted stone, block produced and wall produced with such a block Active EP3030391B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1301912A FR3009571B1 (en) 2013-08-09 2013-08-09 PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING AN INSULATING BUILDING BLOCK IN NATURAL OR RECONSTITUTED STONE, BLOCK REALIZED AND WALL MADE WITH SUCH A BLOCK
PCT/FR2014/052075 WO2015019033A1 (en) 2013-08-09 2014-08-11 Method for producing a honeycomb insulating building block from natural or reconstituted stone, block produced and wall produced with such a block

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3030391A1 EP3030391A1 (en) 2016-06-15
EP3030391B1 true EP3030391B1 (en) 2020-03-18

Family

ID=50933183

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14786950.7A Active EP3030391B1 (en) 2013-08-09 2014-08-11 Method for producing a honeycomb insulating building block from natural or reconstituted stone, block produced and wall produced with such a block

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3030391B1 (en)
DK (1) DK3030391T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2795687T3 (en)
FR (1) FR3009571B1 (en)
PT (1) PT3030391T (en)
WO (1) WO2015019033A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES1152434Y (en) 2016-01-20 2016-05-31 Bloques Barruca S L MULTICAMARA CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT.

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LU30700A1 (en) *
US2192723A (en) * 1936-07-11 1940-03-05 Donald D Whitacre Insulating block
DE907453C (en) * 1944-12-21 1954-03-25 Svenska Aktiebolaget Tell Wall or wall made of hollow bricks
GB2232696A (en) * 1989-06-09 1990-12-19 Univ Salford Insulating building blocks
FR2766509B1 (en) * 1997-07-25 1999-09-03 Ind Regionale Batiment HOLLOW CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT HAVING INTERIOR WALLS OF THE TYPE USED FOR REALIZING WALLS
EP0984109A3 (en) * 1998-09-04 2001-04-11 Ziegeleien Freiburg & Lausanne AG Building block and method and apparatus for making same
CZ2001190A3 (en) * 2000-01-25 2001-09-12 Eichhorn Epl Ag Hollow block and process for producing thereof

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3009571B1 (en) 2016-01-08
EP3030391A1 (en) 2016-06-15
DK3030391T3 (en) 2020-06-15
WO2015019033A1 (en) 2015-02-12
ES2795687T3 (en) 2020-11-24
PT3030391T (en) 2020-06-17
FR3009571A1 (en) 2015-02-13

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