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EP3011639B1 - Source for parabolic antenna - Google Patents

Source for parabolic antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3011639B1
EP3011639B1 EP14736313.9A EP14736313A EP3011639B1 EP 3011639 B1 EP3011639 B1 EP 3011639B1 EP 14736313 A EP14736313 A EP 14736313A EP 3011639 B1 EP3011639 B1 EP 3011639B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
delta
source
sigma
radiating
radiating elements
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Active
Application number
EP14736313.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3011639A1 (en
Inventor
Christophe MELLE
David CHAIMBAULT
Fabien Peleau
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Safran Data Systems SAS
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Zodiac Data Systems SAS
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Publication of EP3011639A1 publication Critical patent/EP3011639A1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/13—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/02—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing sum and difference patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H01Q9/285—Planar dipole

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a microwave source intended to be placed in the focus of a satellite dish.
  • Antennas used in telemetry generally include a parabolic reflector and a source placed at the focus of the parabolic reflector.
  • the source is able to send a signal to a target (such as a satellite or a flying machine for example) or to receive a signal emitted by the target.
  • the reflector has the function of directing the signal emitted by the source towards the target or of concentrating the signal emitted by the target on the source.
  • the frequency band in which the signals are transmitted or received depends on the type of target.
  • Each source is generally adapted to transmit in a given frequency band corresponding to a target type.
  • the first source is placed at the focal point of the main reflector while the second source is placed at the focal point of the auxiliary reflector.
  • the reflector auxiliary comprises a dichroic surface adapted to pass the radiation in the first frequency band and to reflect the radiation in the second frequency band.
  • the signals emitted by the target in the first frequency band are reflected by the main reflector towards the first source while passing through the auxiliary reflector.
  • the signals emitted by the target in the second frequency band are successively reflected by the main reflector and the auxiliary reflector towards the second source.
  • the source is able to emit in the frequency bands L (1 GHz to 2 GHz), S (2 GHz to 4 GHz) and C (4 to 8 GHz).
  • the source comprises a central cylindrical waveguide and three coaxial conductive cylinders extending around the central cylindrical waveguide and forming three respective coaxial waveguides. Each of the three waveguides surrounding the central waveguide is delimited by two successive cylinders.
  • the central cylindrical waveguide is adapted to generate a sum path (or sigma path) radiation in the C band.
  • the first cylindrical waveguide surrounding the central waveguide is adapted to selectively generate difference pathway radiation. (delta) in the C-band or a sum-channel radiation in the S-band.
  • the second cylindrical waveguide surrounding the first waveguide is adapted to selectively generate difference-channel radiation in the S-band or a radiation of sum channel in the L-band.
  • the third cylindrical waveguide surrounding the second waveguide is adapted to generate a difference lane radiation in the L-band.
  • the waveguides are powered by coaxial transitions via a plurality of input ports. Such waveguides are particularly difficult to excite so that their dimensioning is complex.
  • the document US2011 / 0291903 provides in particular that the source comprises radial peaks arranged inside the waveguides, each peak being coupled to an input port and a cylinder.
  • the document US4283728 describes a Cassegrain antenna, comprising a horn sum located on the axis of pointing of the main dish, and four error horns positioned around this horn sum.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a source for a dish antenna that is easier to design.
  • the invention also relates to an antenna comprising a parabolic reflector having a focus, and a source as defined above, placed in the focus of the parabolic reflector.
  • the source S for a parabolic antenna comprises a mechanical base 3 and three sigma radiating assemblies 1C, 1S and 1L providing a sigma diagram for the three frequency bands C, S and L respectively, and three delta radiating assemblies 2C, 2S and 2L providing a delta diagram for the three frequency bands C, S and L respectively.
  • the radiating assemblies are fixed on the mechanical base.
  • the delta radiation pattern provides a monotonic function signal from the target to the antenna axis while the sigma radiation pattern gives a maximum signal in the axis.
  • the source has a main transmission / reception axis A.
  • Each of the three sigma radiators 1C, 1S and 1L extends in a plane perpendicular to the main transmission / reception axis A of the source S.
  • Each of the three sigma radiators 1C, 1S and 1L comprises a sigma radiating element 11 positioned on the main transmission / reception axis A of the source S, and a sigma supply circuit 12 for supplying the sigma radiating element 11. to generate sigma path radiation.
  • the three sigma radiator assemblies 1C, 1S and 1L are in accordance with the sigma1 radiating assembly generally represented on the figure 6 .
  • each sigma radiating element 11 comprises a radiating circular patch (or pad) 111 and a ground plane 112 having coupling slots 113.
  • the sigma radiating element 11 comprises three metallization layers and two substrates.
  • the sigma radiating element 11 and the sigma supply circuit 12 are separated by the ground plane 112 in which electromagnetic coupling slots 113 are etched to provide power to the sigma radiating element 11.
  • Each sigma radiating element 11 is coupled with the sigma supply circuit 12 at coupling points 125 via the coupling slots 113.
  • the coupling slots 113 and the coupling points 125 are arranged in an invariant pattern. rotation of 90 degrees around the main axis of emission / reception A of the source S. The symmetry of this configuration makes it possible to minimize cross polarization.
  • the four coupling slots 113 are arranged in a cross. In other words, the coupling slots 113 are arranged in pairs along two perpendicular axes centered on the main axis of transmission / reception of the source.
  • Each sigma power supply circuit 12 includes two power ports 127a and 127b each positioned in two layers on each side of the radiating circular patch 111 in two layers of dielectrics. These two power ports 127a and 127b are in phase.
  • Each of the power supply ports 127a and 127b supplies two power supply branches 128a1 and 128a2 and 128b1 and 128b2 respectively on each side of the radiating circular patch 111 and coupled with the radiating patch at four coupling points 125a1, 125a2, 125b1 and 125b2. .
  • the power ports 127a and 127b each generate a linear polarization mode, the rectilinear polarization modes of the two power supply branches being orthogonal in pairs and in quadrature phase. It is thus possible to generate a circular polarization in both directions, left and right.
  • the radiating elements 11 of the sigma paths all have symmetries on two orthogonal axes. This allows good decoupling between the power ports 127a and 127b having rectilinear and orthogonal polarizations, as well as between the delta and sigma paths.
  • Each of the delta radiating assemblies 2S, 2C, 2L comprises eight delta radiating elements, respectively 21S, 21C, 21L, and a delta supply circuit, respectively 22S, 22C, 22L.
  • the radiating elements delta21S, 21C or 21L of the same set are arranged on a circle centered on the main transmission / reception axis A of the source S.
  • the radiating elements delta21S, 21C, 21L are arranged with a angular spacing of 45 degrees between two successive delta elements 21S, 21C, 21L.
  • Each delta radiating element 21S, 21C, 21L comprises a radiating patch 211S, 211C, 211L connected to the delta supply circuit associated 22S, 22C, 22L by a 225S, 225C, 225L feed point.
  • the set of patches 211 S, 211C, 211L of the same radiating assembly delta2S, 2C, 2L and their feed points 225S, 225C, 225L are arranged in an invariant pattern by rotation of 45 degrees around the main axis transmission / reception A of the source S.
  • the delta21L radiating elements of the first delta radiation assembly 2L each extend in a plane parallel to the main transmission / reception axis A of the source S and tangential to a cylinder of revolution having as its axis the main axis of transmission / reception A of the source S.
  • Each of the eight delta21L radiating elements of the first delta radiation array 2L comprises a patch 211L having a rectangular dielectric substrate 2111L and a metal conductor layer 2113L typically made of copper.
  • the metal conductor 2113L has a first section 21131L extending in the direction of the axis of the source and a second section 21132L extending in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the source and included in the plane of the radiating elements delta 21 L.
  • the second part has a length substantially equal to half the average wavelength ⁇ of the first band of wavelength L.
  • the delta supply circuit 22L of the first set of delta radiation 2L comprises: each of the eight patches 211L a 228L supply line feeding the patch 211L at a feed point 225L positioned at the center of the patch.
  • the current supplied on each line 228L is in phase opposition so that the current is maximum in the center of the patch.
  • Each of the eight patches 211L delta radiating elements 21L of the first set of delta radiation 2L resonates in half wave, like a dipole.
  • the radiating elements delta 21L of the first set of delta radiation 2L are polarized tangentially with respect to the circle on which the delta radiating elements 21L are arranged.
  • the delta radiating elements 21C of the second set of delta radiation 2C extend in the same plane perpendicular to the main transmission / reception axis A of the source S.
  • the delta radiating elements 21S of the second delta radiation assembly 2S also extend in the same plane perpendicular to the main transmission / reception axis A of the source S.
  • the eight delta radiating elements 21C of the third delta-radiation assembly 2C each comprise a ground plane 211C, a first dielectric substrate 212C in contact with the ground plane 211C, a quarter-wave 211C trapezoidal copper patch formed on the first substrate dielectric 212C and connected in short circuit with the ground plane 213C.
  • the quarter-wave trapezoidal patch 211C is powered by a 216C coaxial cable at a power point 225C.
  • the eight delta radiating elements 21S of the second delta radiation assembly 2S each comprise a ground plane 213S, a first dielectric substrate 212S in contact with the ground plane, a half-wave trapezoidal patch 211S made of copper deposited on the first dielectric substrate 212S, a second dielectric substrate 214S in a plane parallel to the first dielectric substrate 212S and a parasitic patch 215S of copper deposited on the second dielectric substrate 214S.
  • the half-wave trapezoidal patch 211S is powered by a 216S coaxial cable at a 225S power point.
  • the parasitic patch 215S plays the role of director and modifies the field radiated by the half-wave trapezoidal patch 211S.
  • the delta radiating elements 21S and 21C of the second and third delta radiation assemblies 2S and 2C are radially polarized with respect to the main transmission / reception axis A of the source S.
  • the delta radiating elements 21S, 21C, 21L of the first, second and third delta radiating assemblies comprise two groups of four radiating elements delta21S, 21C, 21L, each group being fed by the delta supply circuit 22S, 22C, 22L in TE21 mode.
  • the radiating elements delta21S, 21C, 21L of one group being supplied in phase quadrature relative to the delta radiating elements 21S, 21C, 21L of the other group.
  • the radiating elements delta21S, 21C, 21L of each delta radiating assembly generate an electromagnetic field map equivalent to that of the TE21 mode existing in the waveguides.
  • the delta radiating elements of the same delta radiating assembly are energized in equi-amplitude and in such a way that the radius of the circle on which the eight delta radiating elements are positioned is less than the wavelength corresponding to the maximum frequency of the frequency band of the delta radiating assembly.
  • the central symmetry of the delta radiating elements 21S, 21C, 21L associated with central symmetry sigma radiators allows the decoupling of the sigma diagrams and the delta diagrams.
  • the advantage is that the generation of sigma diagrams and delta diagrams in the different frequency bands L, S and C is done independently. In addition, it follows that the sigma and delta diagrams in the different frequency bands L, S are decoupled.
  • the sigma radiating elements 1S, 1C, 1L of the first, second and third sigma radiating assemblies 1S, 1C, 1L are arranged in stages and centered on the main transmission / reception / reception axis A of the source, the radiating patches in FIG. each frequency band thus serve as a ground plane for the sigma radiating elements 1S, 1C, 1L of the upper stages, the sigma radiating elements 1S, 1C, 1L being staggered, in the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave, according to their band of operating frequencies, i.e., from the lowest frequencies to the highest frequencies.
  • the radiating elements of the first radiating assembly 2L are positioned around the second radiating assembly 2S.
  • the dielectric constants of the various dielectrics 212C, 214S, 212S, 12S, 12C, 12L are chosen so as to respect the maximum radius of the network.
  • the source described is characterized by a small footprint, low weight and good performance of directivity, G / T merit factor and tracking of a moving target for a multi-band antenna. Moreover, this type of multi-band source is also well suited for equipping small-diameter and large diameter prime-focus dishes.
  • the source can receive in the three frequency bands L, S and C simultaneously and, simultaneously simultaneously, carry out a monopulse type tracking.
  • the tracking or deviation slopes are homogeneous in all planes and do not degrade as a function of the polarization of the received signal.
  • the described source makes it possible, for example, to keep an existing reception system in the S-band and to pre-equip this system for the future band C.
  • the source described it is no longer necessary to change source to change the frequency band, the source change operation requiring means, maneuvering time and focus.
  • the invention can also be implemented to generate other telecommunication frequency bands, telemetry, or any other reception frequency band.
  • the described multi-band source is placed at the focus of a parabolic main reflector.
  • the described multi-band source makes it possible to avoid the use of a two-reflector, main reflector and sub-reflector assembly, commonly known as cassegrain mounting, in particular on small diameter antennas.
  • a dichroic subreflector is not required and this also avoids problems of coupling between separate sources.
  • the source allows simultaneous reception and monopulse tracking of moving targets in the three frequency bands L, S and C while being light and compact.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Description

DOMAINE DE L'INVENTIONFIELD OF THE INVENTION

La présente invention concerne une source hyperfréquence destinée à être placée au foyer d'une antenne parabolique.The present invention relates to a microwave source intended to be placed in the focus of a satellite dish.

ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUESTATE OF THE ART

Les antennes utilisées en télémétrie comprennent généralement un réflecteur parabolique et une source placée au foyer du réflecteur parabolique. La source est propre à émettre un signal à destination d'une cible (tel qu'un satellite ou un engin volant par exemple) ou recevoir un signal émis par la cible. Le réflecteur a pour fonction de diriger le signal émis par la source vers la cible ou de concentrer le signal émis par la cible sur la source.Antennas used in telemetry generally include a parabolic reflector and a source placed at the focus of the parabolic reflector. The source is able to send a signal to a target (such as a satellite or a flying machine for example) or to receive a signal emitted by the target. The reflector has the function of directing the signal emitted by the source towards the target or of concentrating the signal emitted by the target on the source.

La bande de fréquence dans laquelle les signaux sont émis ou reçus dépend du type de cible. Chaque source est généralement adaptée pour émettre dans une bande de fréquence donnée correspondant à un type de cible.The frequency band in which the signals are transmitted or received depends on the type of target. Each source is generally adapted to transmit in a given frequency band corresponding to a target type.

Par conséquent, pour pouvoir échanger des données avec différents types de cibles, il est nécessaire de démonter la source de l'antenne et d'installer une nouvelle source à la place. Ces opérations de démontage et de montage prennent du temps et peuvent générer des erreurs d'alignement de la source et du réflecteur qui altèrent le diagramme de rayonnement de l'antenne.Therefore, to be able to exchange data with different types of targets, it is necessary to disassemble the source of the antenna and install a new source instead. These disassembly and mounting operations are time consuming and can lead to misalignment of the source and reflector that alter the antenna radiation pattern.

Il existe par ailleurs des antennes bi-bande comprenant une première source apte à émettre dans une première bande de fréquence, une deuxième source apte à émettre dans une deuxième bande de fréquence, un réflecteur principal et un réflecteur auxiliaire à surface dichroïque. La première source est placée au point focal du réflecteur principal tandis que la deuxième source est placée au point focal du réflecteur auxiliaire. Le réflecteur auxiliaire comprend une surface dichroïque adaptée pour laisser passer le rayonnement dans la première bande de fréquence et pour réfléchir le rayonnement dans la deuxième bande de fréquence. Les signaux émis par la cible dans la première bande de fréquence sont réfléchis par le réflecteur principal vers la première source en passant à travers le réflecteur auxiliaire. Les signaux émis par la cible dans la deuxième bande de fréquence sont réfléchis successivement par le réflecteur principal et le réflecteur auxiliaire vers la deuxième source.There are also two-band antennas comprising a first source capable of transmitting in a first frequency band, a second source capable of transmitting in a second frequency band, a main reflector and an auxiliary reflector with a dichroic surface. The first source is placed at the focal point of the main reflector while the second source is placed at the focal point of the auxiliary reflector. The reflector auxiliary comprises a dichroic surface adapted to pass the radiation in the first frequency band and to reflect the radiation in the second frequency band. The signals emitted by the target in the first frequency band are reflected by the main reflector towards the first source while passing through the auxiliary reflector. The signals emitted by the target in the second frequency band are successively reflected by the main reflector and the auxiliary reflector towards the second source.

Cependant, une telle antenne bi-bande est onéreuse, notamment du fait qu'elle requiert l'utilisation d'un réflecteur à surface dichroïque.However, such a dual-band antenna is expensive, especially since it requires the use of a dichroic surface reflector.

On connait par ailleurs du document us 2011/0291903 une source multibande adaptée pour recevoir ou émettre simultanément dans trois bandes de fréquences. Plus précisément, la source est apte à émettre dans les bandes de fréquence L (1 GHz à 2 GHz), S (2 GHz à 4 GHz) et C (4 à 8 GHz). La source comprend un guide d'onde cylindrique central et trois cylindres conducteurs coaxiaux s'étendant autour du guide d'onde cylindrique central et formant trois guides d'onde coaxiaux respectifs. Chacun des trois guides d'onde entourant le guide d'onde central est délimité par deux cylindres successifs.We also know about the document 2011/0291903 a multiband source adapted to receive or transmit simultaneously in three frequency bands. More precisely, the source is able to emit in the frequency bands L (1 GHz to 2 GHz), S (2 GHz to 4 GHz) and C (4 to 8 GHz). The source comprises a central cylindrical waveguide and three coaxial conductive cylinders extending around the central cylindrical waveguide and forming three respective coaxial waveguides. Each of the three waveguides surrounding the central waveguide is delimited by two successive cylinders.

Le guide d'onde cylindrique central est adapté pour générer un rayonnement de voie somme (ou voie sigma) dans la bande C. Le premier guide d'onde cylindrique entourant le guide d'onde central est adapté pour générer sélectivement un rayonnement de voie différence (delta) dans la bande C ou un rayonnement de voie somme dans la bande S. Le deuxième guide d'onde cylindrique entourant le premier guide d'onde est adapté pour générer sélectivement un rayonnement de voie différence dans la bande S ou un rayonnement de voie somme dans la bande L. Enfin, le troisième guide d'onde cylindrique entourant le deuxième guide d'onde est adapté pour générer un rayonnement de voie différence dans la bande L.The central cylindrical waveguide is adapted to generate a sum path (or sigma path) radiation in the C band. The first cylindrical waveguide surrounding the central waveguide is adapted to selectively generate difference pathway radiation. (delta) in the C-band or a sum-channel radiation in the S-band. The second cylindrical waveguide surrounding the first waveguide is adapted to selectively generate difference-channel radiation in the S-band or a radiation of sum channel in the L-band. Finally, the third cylindrical waveguide surrounding the second waveguide is adapted to generate a difference lane radiation in the L-band.

Les guides d'ondes sont alimentés par des transitions coaxiales via une pluralité de ports d'entrée. De tels guides d'onde sont particulièrement difficiles à exciter de sorte que leur dimensionnement est complexe. Afin de minimiser les pertes en réflexions, le document US2011/0291903 prévoit notamment que la source comprend des crêtes radiales agencées à l'intérieur des guides d'onde, chaque crête étant couplée à un port d'entrée et à un cylindre.The waveguides are powered by coaxial transitions via a plurality of input ports. Such waveguides are particularly difficult to excite so that their dimensioning is complex. In order to minimize the loss of reflections, the document US2011 / 0291903 provides in particular that the source comprises radial peaks arranged inside the waveguides, each peak being coupled to an input port and a cylinder.

Par ailleurs, comme un même guide d'onde est utilisé pour générer un rayonnement dans deux bandes de fréquences, ce type de source ne permet pas de découpler les différentes bandes de fréquence. Le document US4283728 décrit une antenne Cassegrain, comprenant une corne somme située sur l'axe de pointage du plat principal, et quatre cornes erreur positionnées autour de cette corne somme.Moreover, since the same waveguide is used to generate radiation in two frequency bands, this type of source does not make it possible to decouple the different frequency bands. The document US4283728 describes a Cassegrain antenna, comprising a horn sum located on the axis of pointing of the main dish, and four error horns positioned around this horn sum.

RESUME DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Un but de l'invention est de proposer une source pour antenne parabolique qui soit plus facile à concevoir.An object of the invention is to provide a source for a dish antenna that is easier to design.

Ce but est atteint dans le cadre de la présente invention définie par la revendication 1 grâce à une source pour antenne parabolique, comprenant :

  • un ensemble rayonnant sigma comprenant un élément rayonnant sigma positionné sur un axe principal d'émission/réception de la source, et un circuit d'alimentation sigma pour alimenter l'élément rayonnant sigma de manière à ce que l'élément rayonnant sigma génère un rayonnement de voie sigma, et
  • un ensemble rayonnant delta comprenant huit éléments rayonnants delta, agencés autour de l'axe principal d'émission/réception de la source, et un circuit d'alimentation delta pour alimenter les éléments rayonnants delta de manière à ce que les éléments rayonnants delta génèrent un rayonnement de voie delta, les éléments rayonnants delta étant disposés sur un cercle centré sur l'axe principal d'émission/réception de la source, avec un espacement angulaire de 45 degrés entre deux éléments delta successif.
Dans une telle source, le rayonnement de voie delta est généré de manière indépendante du rayonnement de la voie sigma.This object is achieved in the context of the present invention defined by claim 1 by a parabolic antenna source, comprising:
  • a sigma radiating assembly comprising a sigma radiating element positioned on a main transmission / reception axis of the source, and a sigma supply circuit for supplying the sigma radiating element so that the sigma radiating element generates a radiation sigma path, and
  • a delta radiating assembly comprising eight delta radiating elements, arranged around the main transmission / reception axis of the source, and a delta supply circuit for supplying the delta radiating elements so that the delta radiating elements generate a delta channel radiation, the delta radiating elements being disposed on a circle centered on the main transmission / reception axis of the source, with an angular spacing of 45 degrees between two successive delta elements.
In such a source, the delta path radiation is generated independently of the sigma path radiation.

De plus, l'utilisation de huit élément rayonnants delta permet d'améliorer le découplage entre les rayonnements des voies sigma et delta.In addition, the use of eight delta radiating elements makes it possible to improve the decoupling between the sigma and delta channel radiations.

La source peut en outre présenter les caractéristiques suivantes :

  • l'élément rayonnant sigma s'étend dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe principal d'émission/réception de la source,
  • l'élément rayonnant sigma comprend un patch rayonnant et un plan de masse présentant des fentes de couplage, les fentes de couplage étant disposées selon un motif invariant par rotation de 90 degrés autour de l'axe principal d'émission/réception de la source,
  • chaque élément rayonnant delta comprend un patch rayonnant relié au circuit d'alimentation delta par un point d'alimentation, l'ensemble des patchs et leurs points d'alimentation étant disposés selon un motif invariant par rotation de 45 degrés autour de l'axe principal d'émission/réception de la source,
  • les éléments rayonnants delta s'étendent dans un même plan perpendiculaire à l'axe principal d'émission/réception de la source,
  • les éléments rayonnants delta sont polarisés radialement par rapport à l'axe principal d'émission/réception de la source,
  • chaque élément rayonnant delta comprend un patch rayonnant quart d'onde,
  • chaque élément rayonnant delta comprend un patch rayonnant demi-onde et un patch parasite,
  • les éléments rayonnants delta s'étendent chacun dans un plan parallèle à l'axe principal d'émission/réception de la source,
  • les éléments rayonnants delta sont polarisés tangentiellement par rapport à l'axe principal d'émission/réception de la source,
  • chaque élément rayonnant delta comprend un dipôle demi-onde,
  • les éléments rayonnant delta comprennent deux groupes de quatre éléments rayonnants delta, chaque groupe étant alimenté par le circuit d'alimentation delta en mode TE21, les éléments rayonnants delta d'un groupe étant alimentés avec un déphasage de 90 degrés par rapport aux éléments rayonnants delta de l'autre groupe ;
  • la source comporte trois ensembles rayonnants sigma fonctionnant chacun dans une bande de fréquence différente et trois ensembles rayonnants delta fonctionnant chacun dans une desdites bandes de fréquence les éléments rayonnants sigma des trois ensembles rayonnants sigma étant disposés en étage et centrés sur l'axe principal d'émission/réception de la source, les éléments rayonnants sigma fonctionnant dans une bande de fréquence supérieure étant étagés, dans le sens de propagation de l'onde électromagnétique, au-dessus des éléments rayonnants sigma fonctionnant dans une bande de fréquence inférieure ;
  • les éléments rayonnants sigma fonctionnant dans une bande de fréquence inférieure sont confondus avec le plan de masse des éléments rayonnants sigma fonctionnant dans une bande de fréquence supérieure.
The source may further have the following characteristics:
  • the radiating element sigma extends in a plane perpendicular to the main axis of transmission / reception of the source,
  • the sigma radiating element comprises a radiating patch and a ground plane having coupling slots, the coupling slots being arranged in an invariant pattern by rotating 90 degrees about the main axis of transmission / reception of the source,
  • each delta radiating element comprises a radiating patch connected to the delta supply circuit by a feed point, the set of patches and their feeding points being arranged in an invariant pattern by rotation of 45 degrees around the main axis transmission / reception of the source,
  • the delta radiating elements extend in the same plane perpendicular to the main axis of transmission / reception of the source,
  • the delta radiating elements are polarized radially with respect to the main axis of transmission / reception of the source,
  • each delta radiating element comprises a quarter-wave radiating patch,
  • each delta radiating element comprises a half-wave radiating patch and a parasitic patch,
  • the delta radiating elements each extend in a plane parallel to the main axis of transmission / reception of the source,
  • the delta radiating elements are polarized tangentially with respect to the main axis of transmission / reception of the source,
  • each delta radiating element comprises a half-wave dipole,
  • the delta radiating elements comprise two groups of four delta radiating elements, each group being fed by the delta supply circuit in TE21 mode, the delta radiating elements of a group being supplied with a phase shift of 90 degrees with respect to the delta radiating elements the other group;
  • the source comprises three sigma radiating assemblies each operating in a different frequency band and three delta radiating assemblies each operating in one of said frequency bands the sigma radiating elements of the three sigma radiating assemblies being arranged in stages and centered on the main axis of transmitting / receiving the source, wherein the sigma radiating elements operating in an upper frequency band are stepped, in the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave, above the sigma radiators operating in a lower frequency band;
  • the sigma radiating elements operating in a lower frequency band coincide with the ground plane of the sigma radiators operating in a higher frequency band.

L'invention se rapporte également à une antenne comprenant un réflecteur parabolique présentant un foyer, et une source telle que définie précédemment, placée au foyer du réflecteur parabolique.The invention also relates to an antenna comprising a parabolic reflector having a focus, and a source as defined above, placed in the focus of the parabolic reflector.

DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESDESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

D'autres objectifs, caractéristiques et avantages ressortiront de la description détaillée qui suit en référence aux dessins donnés à titre illustratif et non limitatif parmi lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue d'une source conforme à un mode de réalisation de l'invention;
  • la figure 2 est une vue de la source sur laquelle le premier ensemble rayonnant sigma et le premier ensemble rayonnant delta sont en surbrillance;
  • la figure 3 est une vue de la source sur laquelle le second ensemble rayonnant sigma et le second ensemble rayonnant delta sont en surbrillance;
  • la figure 4 est une vue de la source sur laquelle le troisième ensemble rayonnant sigma et le troisième ensemble rayonnant delta sont en surbrillance;
  • la figure 5 est une vue frontale de la source;
  • la figure 6 est une vue schématique d'un l'élément rayonnant sigma;
  • la figure 7 est une vue schématique d'un patch d'un élément rayonnant delta du premier ensemble de rayonnement delta;
  • la figure 8 est un diagramme de polarisation du premier ensemble de rayonnement delta;
  • la figure 9 est une vue schématique d'un patch d'un élément rayonnant delta du second ensemble de rayonnement delta;
  • la figure 10 est une vue schématique d'un patch d'un élément rayonnant delta du troisième ensemble de rayonnement delta;
  • la figure 11 est un diagramme de polarisation du deuxième ou du troisième ensemble de rayonnement delta;
  • la figure 12 est une vue en coupe dans un plan contenant un axe principal d'émission/réception de la source.
Other objectives, features and advantages will become apparent from the detailed description which follows with reference to the drawings given by way of non-limiting illustration, among which:
  • the figure 1 is a view of a source according to an embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 2 is a view of the source on which the first radiating set sigma and the first radiating set delta are highlighted;
  • the figure 3 is a view of the source on which the second radiating set sigma and the second radiating set delta are highlighted;
  • the figure 4 is a view of the source on which the third radiating set sigma and the third radiating set delta are highlighted;
  • the figure 5 is a frontal view of the source;
  • the figure 6 is a schematic view of a sigma radiating element;
  • the figure 7 is a schematic view of a patch of a delta radiating element of the first delta radiation set;
  • the figure 8 is a polarization diagram of the first set of delta radiation;
  • the figure 9 is a schematic view of a patch of a delta radiating element of the second delta radiation set;
  • the figure 10 is a schematic view of a patch of a delta radiating element of the third delta radiation set;
  • the figure 11 is a polarization diagram of the second or third delta radiation set;
  • the figure 12 is a sectional view in a plane containing a main transmission / reception axis of the source.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

En référence aux figures 1 à 5, la source S pour antenne parabolique, comprend une base mécanique 3 et trois ensembles rayonnants sigma 1C, 1S et 1L fournissant un diagramme sigma pour les trois bandes de fréquence C, S et L respectivement, et trois ensembles rayonnants delta 2C, 2S et 2L fournissant un diagramme delta pour les trois bandes de fréquence C, S et L respectivement. Les ensembles rayonnants sont fixés sur la base mécanique.With reference to Figures 1 to 5 , the source S for a parabolic antenna, comprises a mechanical base 3 and three sigma radiating assemblies 1C, 1S and 1L providing a sigma diagram for the three frequency bands C, S and L respectively, and three delta radiating assemblies 2C, 2S and 2L providing a delta diagram for the three frequency bands C, S and L respectively. The radiating assemblies are fixed on the mechanical base.

Les ensembles rayonnants comprennent :

  • un premier ensemble rayonnant sigma 1L propre à générer un diagramme de rayonnement sigma pour la première bande de fréquence L,
  • un premier ensemble rayonnant delta 2L propre à générer un diagramme de rayonnement delta pour la première bande de fréquence L,
  • un deuxième ensemble rayonnant sigma1S propre à fournir un diagramme de rayonnement sigma pour la deuxième bande de fréquence S,
  • un deuxième ensemble rayonnant delta 2S propre à générer un diagramme de rayonnement delta pour une deuxième bande de fréquence S,
  • un troisième ensemble rayonnant sigma1C propre à fournir un diagramme de rayonnement sigma pour la troisième bande de fréquence C, et
  • un troisième ensemble rayonnant delta2C propre à fournir un diagramme de rayonnement delta pour la troisième bande de fréquence C.
Radiant assemblies include:
  • a first sigma radiator assembly 1L capable of generating a sigma radiation pattern for the first frequency band L,
  • a first delta radiating assembly 2L capable of generating a delta radiation pattern for the first frequency band L,
  • a second radiating assembly sigma1S able to provide a sigma radiation pattern for the second frequency band S,
  • a second radiating delta assembly 2S capable of generating a delta radiation pattern for a second frequency band S,
  • a third sigma1C radiating assembly capable of providing a sigma radiation pattern for the third frequency band C, and
  • a third delta2C radiating assembly capable of providing a delta radiation pattern for the third frequency band C.

Le diagramme de rayonnement delta fournit un signal fonction monotone de l'écart de la cible à l'axe de l'antenne tandis que le diagramme de rayonnement sigma donne un signal maximal dans l'axe. Ces diagrammes permettent d'obtenir une écartométrie avec signe et de normaliser la mesure. La fonction d'écartométrie est obtenue en faisant le rapport, d'amplitude et de phase, du diagramme delta sur le diagramme sigma.. La pente de cette fonction d'écartométrie est quasi constante dans la partie centrale du diagramme sigma. De manière connue, il est possible d'extraire un écart angulaire entre la position de la cible et l'axe de l'antenne, à partir des deux signaux reçus simultanément par l'antenne sur ses deux voies sigma et delta et ceci, pour toutes les bandes de fréquence L, S et C.The delta radiation pattern provides a monotonic function signal from the target to the antenna axis while the sigma radiation pattern gives a maximum signal in the axis. These diagrams make it possible to obtain a deviation with sign and to normalize the measurement. The deviation function is obtained by making the amplitude and phase ratio of the delta diagram on the sigma diagram. The slope of this deviation function is almost constant in the central part of the sigma diagram. In known manner, it is possible to extract a difference angle between the position of the target and the axis of the antenna, from the two signals simultaneously received by the antenna on its two sigma and delta channels and this, for all frequency bands L, S and C.

La source présente un axe principal d'émission/réception A. Chacun des trois ensembles rayonnants sigma 1C, 1S et 1L s'étend dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe principal d'émission/réception A de la source S.The source has a main transmission / reception axis A. Each of the three sigma radiators 1C, 1S and 1L extends in a plane perpendicular to the main transmission / reception axis A of the source S.

Chacun des trois ensembles rayonnants sigma 1C, 1S et 1L comprend un élément rayonnant sigma 11 positionné sur l'axe principal d'émission/réception A de la source S, et un circuit d'alimentation sigma 12 pour alimenter l'élément rayonnant sigma 11 de manière à générer un rayonnement de voie sigma.Each of the three sigma radiators 1C, 1S and 1L comprises a sigma radiating element 11 positioned on the main transmission / reception axis A of the source S, and a sigma supply circuit 12 for supplying the sigma radiating element 11. to generate sigma path radiation.

Les trois ensembles rayonnants sigma 1C, 1S et 1L sont conformes à l'ensemble rayonnant sigma1 représenté de manière générale sur la figure 6.The three sigma radiator assemblies 1C, 1S and 1L are in accordance with the sigma1 radiating assembly generally represented on the figure 6 .

En référence à la figure 6, chaque élément rayonnant sigma 11 comprend un patch (ou pavé) circulaire rayonnant 111 et un plan de masse 112 présentant des fentes de couplage 113. L'élément rayonnant sigma 11 comprend trois couches de métallisation et deux substrats. L'élément rayonnant sigma 11 et le circuit d'alimentation sigma 12 sont séparés par le plan de masse 112 dans lequel des fentes de couplage électromagnétique 113 sont gravées de façon à assurer l'alimentation de l'élément rayonnant sigma 11.With reference to the figure 6 each sigma radiating element 11 comprises a radiating circular patch (or pad) 111 and a ground plane 112 having coupling slots 113. The sigma radiating element 11 comprises three metallization layers and two substrates. The sigma radiating element 11 and the sigma supply circuit 12 are separated by the ground plane 112 in which electromagnetic coupling slots 113 are etched to provide power to the sigma radiating element 11.

Chaque élément rayonnant sigma 11 est couplé avec le circuit d'alimentation sigma 12 au niveau de points de couplage 125 par l'intermédiaire des fentes de couplage 113. Les fentes de couplage 113 et les points de couplage 125 sont disposées selon un motif invariant par rotation de 90 degrés autour de l'axe principal d'émission/réception A de la source S. La symétrie de cette configuration permet de minimiser la polarisation croisée.Each sigma radiating element 11 is coupled with the sigma supply circuit 12 at coupling points 125 via the coupling slots 113. The coupling slots 113 and the coupling points 125 are arranged in an invariant pattern. rotation of 90 degrees around the main axis of emission / reception A of the source S. The symmetry of this configuration makes it possible to minimize cross polarization.

Les quatre fentes de couplage 113 sont disposées en croix. Autrement dit, les fentes de couplages 113 sont disposées deux à deux selon deux axes perpendiculaires centrés sur l'axe principal d'émission/réception de la source. Chaque circuit d'alimentation sigma 12 comprend deux ports d'alimentation 127a et 127b positionnés chacun dans deux couches de chaque côté du patch circulaire rayonnant 111 dans deux couches de diélectriques. Ces deux ports d'alimentation 127a et 127b sont en phase. Chacun des ports d'alimentation 127a et 127b alimente deux branches d'alimentation respectivement 128a1 et 128a2 et 128b1 et 128b2 positionnées de chaque côté du patch circulaire rayonnant 111 et couplées avec le patch rayonnant en quatre points de couplage 125a1, 125a2, 125b1 et 125b2. les ports d'alimentation 127a et 127b génèrent chacun un mode de polarisation rectiligne, les modes de polarisation rectilignes des deux branches d'alimentation étant orthogonaux deux à deux et en quadrature de phase. Il est ainsi possible de générer une polarisation circulaire dans les deux sens, gauche et droite.The four coupling slots 113 are arranged in a cross. In other words, the coupling slots 113 are arranged in pairs along two perpendicular axes centered on the main axis of transmission / reception of the source. Each sigma power supply circuit 12 includes two power ports 127a and 127b each positioned in two layers on each side of the radiating circular patch 111 in two layers of dielectrics. These two power ports 127a and 127b are in phase. Each of the power supply ports 127a and 127b supplies two power supply branches 128a1 and 128a2 and 128b1 and 128b2 respectively on each side of the radiating circular patch 111 and coupled with the radiating patch at four coupling points 125a1, 125a2, 125b1 and 125b2. . the power ports 127a and 127b each generate a linear polarization mode, the rectilinear polarization modes of the two power supply branches being orthogonal in pairs and in quadrature phase. It is thus possible to generate a circular polarization in both directions, left and right.

Les éléments rayonnants 11 des voies sigma possèdent tous des symétries sur deux axes orthogonaux. Cela permet un bon découplage entre les ports d'alimentation 127a et 127b ayant des polarisations rectilignes et orthogonales, ainsi qu'entre les voies delta et sigma.The radiating elements 11 of the sigma paths all have symmetries on two orthogonal axes. This allows good decoupling between the power ports 127a and 127b having rectilinear and orthogonal polarizations, as well as between the delta and sigma paths.

Chacun des ensembles rayonnants delta 2S, 2C, 2L comprend huit éléments rayonnants delta, respectivement 21S, 21C, 21L, et un circuit d'alimentation delta, respectivement 22S, 22C, 22L. Les éléments rayonnants delta21S, 21C ou 21L d'un même ensemble sont disposés sur un cercle centré sur l'axe principal d'émission/réception A de la source S. De plus, les éléments rayonnants delta21S, 21C, 21L sont disposés avec un espacement angulaire de 45 degrés entre deux éléments delta 21S, 21C, 21L successifs.Each of the delta radiating assemblies 2S, 2C, 2L comprises eight delta radiating elements, respectively 21S, 21C, 21L, and a delta supply circuit, respectively 22S, 22C, 22L. The radiating elements delta21S, 21C or 21L of the same set are arranged on a circle centered on the main transmission / reception axis A of the source S. In addition, the radiating elements delta21S, 21C, 21L are arranged with a angular spacing of 45 degrees between two successive delta elements 21S, 21C, 21L.

Chaque élément rayonnant delta 21S, 21C, 21L comprend un patch (ou pavé) rayonnant 211S, 211C, 211L relié au circuit d'alimentation delta associé 22S, 22C, 22L par un point d'alimentation 225S, 225C, 225L. L'ensemble des patchs 211 S, 211C, 211L d'un même ensemble rayonnant delta2S, 2C, 2L et leurs points d'alimentation 225S, 225C, 225L sont disposés selon un motif invariant par rotation de 45 degrés autour de l'axe principal d'émission/réception A de la source S.Each delta radiating element 21S, 21C, 21L comprises a radiating patch 211S, 211C, 211L connected to the delta supply circuit associated 22S, 22C, 22L by a 225S, 225C, 225L feed point. The set of patches 211 S, 211C, 211L of the same radiating assembly delta2S, 2C, 2L and their feed points 225S, 225C, 225L are arranged in an invariant pattern by rotation of 45 degrees around the main axis transmission / reception A of the source S.

Les éléments rayonnants delta21L du premier ensemble de rayonnement delta 2L s'étendent chacun dans un plan parallèle à l'axe principal d'émission/réception A de la source S et tangentiel à un cylindre de révolution ayant pour axe l'axe principal d'émission/réception A de la source S.The delta21L radiating elements of the first delta radiation assembly 2L each extend in a plane parallel to the main transmission / reception axis A of the source S and tangential to a cylinder of revolution having as its axis the main axis of transmission / reception A of the source S.

Chacun des huit éléments rayonnants delta21L du premier ensemble de rayonnement delta 2L comprend un patch 211L comportant un substrat diélectrique 2111L de forme rectangulaire et une couche de conducteur métallique 2113L typiquement réalisé en cuivre.Each of the eight delta21L radiating elements of the first delta radiation array 2L comprises a patch 211L having a rectangular dielectric substrate 2111L and a metal conductor layer 2113L typically made of copper.

En référence à la figure 7, le conducteur métallique 2113L présente une première section 21131L s'étendant dans la direction de l'axe de la source et une seconde section 21132L s'étendant dans la direction perpendiculaire à l'axe de la source et comprise dans le plan des éléments rayonnant delta 21 L. La seconde partie présente une longueur sensiblement égale à la moitié de la longueur d'onde moyenne λ de la première bande de longueur d'onde L. Le circuit d'alimentation delta 22L du premier ensemble de rayonnement delta 2L comprend pour chacun des huit patchs 211L une ligne d'alimentation 228L alimentant le patch 211L au niveau d'un point d'alimentation 225L positionné au centre du patch. Le courant amené sur chaque ligne 228L est en opposition de phase de façon à ce que le courant soit maximum au centre du patch. Chacun des huit patchs 211L des éléments rayonnants delta 21L du premier ensemble de rayonnement delta 2L résonne en demi-onde, comme un dipôle. En référence à la figure 8, les éléments rayonnants delta 21L du premier ensemble de rayonnement delta 2L sont polarisés tangentiellement par rapport au cercle sur lequel les éléments rayonnants delta 21L sont disposés.With reference to the figure 7 , the metal conductor 2113L has a first section 21131L extending in the direction of the axis of the source and a second section 21132L extending in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the source and included in the plane of the radiating elements delta 21 L. The second part has a length substantially equal to half the average wavelength λ of the first band of wavelength L. The delta supply circuit 22L of the first set of delta radiation 2L comprises: each of the eight patches 211L a 228L supply line feeding the patch 211L at a feed point 225L positioned at the center of the patch. The current supplied on each line 228L is in phase opposition so that the current is maximum in the center of the patch. Each of the eight patches 211L delta radiating elements 21L of the first set of delta radiation 2L resonates in half wave, like a dipole. With reference to the figure 8 , the radiating elements delta 21L of the first set of delta radiation 2L are polarized tangentially with respect to the circle on which the delta radiating elements 21L are arranged.

Les éléments rayonnants delta 21C du deuxième ensemble de rayonnement delta 2C s'étendent dans un même plan perpendiculaire à l'axe principal d'émission/réception A de la source S.The delta radiating elements 21C of the second set of delta radiation 2C extend in the same plane perpendicular to the main transmission / reception axis A of the source S.

Les éléments rayonnants delta 21S du deuxième ensemble de rayonnement delta 2S s'étendent également dans un même plan perpendiculaire à l'axe principal d'émission/réception A de la source S.The delta radiating elements 21S of the second delta radiation assembly 2S also extend in the same plane perpendicular to the main transmission / reception axis A of the source S.

En référence à la figure 9, les huit éléments rayonnants delta 21C du troisième ensemble de rayonnement delta 2C comprennent chacun un plan de masse 211C, un premier substrat diélectrique 212C en contact avec le plan de masse 211C, un patch trapézoïdal quart-onde 211C en cuivre formé sur le premier substrat diélectrique 212C et raccordé en court-circuit avec le plan de masse 213C. Le patch trapézoïdal quart-onde 211C est alimenté par un câble coaxial 216C au niveau d'un point d'alimentation 225C.With reference to the figure 9 , the eight delta radiating elements 21C of the third delta-radiation assembly 2C each comprise a ground plane 211C, a first dielectric substrate 212C in contact with the ground plane 211C, a quarter-wave 211C trapezoidal copper patch formed on the first substrate dielectric 212C and connected in short circuit with the ground plane 213C. The quarter-wave trapezoidal patch 211C is powered by a 216C coaxial cable at a power point 225C.

En référence à la figure 10, les huit éléments rayonnants delta 21S du deuxième ensemble de rayonnement delta 2S comprennent chacun un plan de masse 213S, un premier substrat diélectrique 212S en contact avec le plan de masse, un patch trapézoïdal demi-onde 211S en cuivre déposé sur le premier substrat diélectrique 212S, un second substrat diélectrique 214S dans un plan parallèle au premier substrat diélectrique 212S et un patch parasite 215S en cuivre déposé sur le second substrat diélectrique 214S. Le patch trapézoïdal demi-onde 211S est alimenté par un câble coaxial 216S au niveau d'un point d'alimentation 225S. Le patch parasite 215S joue le rôle de directeur et modifie le champ rayonné par le patch trapézoïdal demi-onde 211S.With reference to the figure 10 , the eight delta radiating elements 21S of the second delta radiation assembly 2S each comprise a ground plane 213S, a first dielectric substrate 212S in contact with the ground plane, a half-wave trapezoidal patch 211S made of copper deposited on the first dielectric substrate 212S, a second dielectric substrate 214S in a plane parallel to the first dielectric substrate 212S and a parasitic patch 215S of copper deposited on the second dielectric substrate 214S. The half-wave trapezoidal patch 211S is powered by a 216S coaxial cable at a 225S power point. The parasitic patch 215S plays the role of director and modifies the field radiated by the half-wave trapezoidal patch 211S.

En référence à la figure 11, les éléments rayonnants delta 21S et 21C du deuxième et troisième ensemble de rayonnement delta 2S et 2C sont polarisés radialement par rapport à l'axe principal d'émission/réception A de la source S.With reference to the figure 11 , the delta radiating elements 21S and 21C of the second and third delta radiation assemblies 2S and 2C are radially polarized with respect to the main transmission / reception axis A of the source S.

Les éléments rayonnant delta 21S, 21C, 21L des premiers, deuxième et troisième ensembles rayonnants delta comprennent deux groupes de quatre éléments rayonnants delta21S, 21C, 21L, chaque groupe étant alimenté par le circuit d'alimentation delta 22S, 22C, 22L en mode TE21, les éléments rayonnants delta21S, 21C, 21L d'un groupe étant alimentés en quadrature de phase par rapport aux éléments rayonnants delta 21S, 21C, 21L de l'autre groupe. Les éléments rayonnants delta21S, 21C, 21L de chaque ensemble rayonnant delta génèrent une carte de champs électromagnétiques équivalente à celle du mode TE21 existant dans les guides d'onde.The delta radiating elements 21S, 21C, 21L of the first, second and third delta radiating assemblies comprise two groups of four radiating elements delta21S, 21C, 21L, each group being fed by the delta supply circuit 22S, 22C, 22L in TE21 mode. the radiating elements delta21S, 21C, 21L of one group being supplied in phase quadrature relative to the delta radiating elements 21S, 21C, 21L of the other group. The radiating elements delta21S, 21C, 21L of each delta radiating assembly generate an electromagnetic field map equivalent to that of the TE21 mode existing in the waveguides.

Les éléments rayonnants delta d'un même ensemble rayonnant delta sont alimentés en équi-amplitude et de manière à ce que le rayon du cercle sur lequel sont positionnés les huit éléments rayonnants delta soit inférieur à la longueur d'onde correspondant à la fréquence maximum de la bande de fréquence de l'ensemble rayonnant delta.The delta radiating elements of the same delta radiating assembly are energized in equi-amplitude and in such a way that the radius of the circle on which the eight delta radiating elements are positioned is less than the wavelength corresponding to the maximum frequency of the frequency band of the delta radiating assembly.

La symétrie centrale des éléments rayonnant delta 21S, 21C, 21L associés aux éléments rayonnants sigma à symétrie centrale permet de découpler les diagrammes sigma et les diagrammes delta. L'avantage qui en découle est que la génération des diagrammes sigma et des diagrammes delta dans les différentes bandes de fréquence L, S et C se fait de manière indépendante. De plus, il en résulte que les diagrammes sigma et delta dans les différentes bandes de fréquence L, S sont découplés.The central symmetry of the delta radiating elements 21S, 21C, 21L associated with central symmetry sigma radiators allows the decoupling of the sigma diagrams and the delta diagrams. The advantage is that the generation of sigma diagrams and delta diagrams in the different frequency bands L, S and C is done independently. In addition, it follows that the sigma and delta diagrams in the different frequency bands L, S are decoupled.

Il est ainsi possible d'imbriquer les différents éléments rayonnants fonctionnant dans des bandes de fréquence différentes et ainsi de générer des diagrammes sigma et delta pour les trois bandes de fréquence différentes sans que les rayonnements ne se perturbent, et le tout dans un espace réduit, en évitant d'utiliser des structures en guide d'onde lourdes et couteuses.It is thus possible to nest the different radiating elements operating in different frequency bands and thus generate sigma and delta diagrams for the three different frequency bands without the radiation being disturbed, and all in one reduced space, avoiding the use of heavy and expensive waveguide structures.

Les éléments rayonnants sigma 1S, 1C, 1L des premier, deuxième et troisième ensembles rayonnants sigma 1S, 1C, 1L sont disposés en étage et centrés sur l'axe principal d'émission/réception/réception A de la source, les patchs rayonnant dans chaque bande de fréquence servent ainsi de plan de masse aux éléments rayonnants sigma 1S, 1C, 1L des étages supérieurs, les éléments rayonnants sigma 1S, 1C, 1L étant étagés, dans le sens de propagation de l'onde électromagnétique, selon leur bande de fréquences de fonctionnement, c'est-à-dire, des fréquences les plus basses vers les fréquences les plus hautes.The sigma radiating elements 1S, 1C, 1L of the first, second and third sigma radiating assemblies 1S, 1C, 1L are arranged in stages and centered on the main transmission / reception / reception axis A of the source, the radiating patches in FIG. each frequency band thus serve as a ground plane for the sigma radiating elements 1S, 1C, 1L of the upper stages, the sigma radiating elements 1S, 1C, 1L being staggered, in the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave, according to their band of operating frequencies, i.e., from the lowest frequencies to the highest frequencies.

En référence à la figure 12, les différents éléments des ensembles rayonnants 1C, 1S, 1L et 2C, 2S, 2L sont étagés sur l'axe A de la source S. En parcourant l'axe de la source dans le sens inverse de propagation de l'onde électromagnétique, les différents éléments sont positionnés dans l'ordre suivant, du haut vers le bas de la source:

  • le patch circulaire rayonnant 111C du troisième ensemble rayonnant sigma;
  • le plan de masse 112C du troisième ensemble rayonnant sigma sur lequel sont déposées les branches d'un port du circuit d'alimentation 12C ;
  • les patchs trapézoïdaux quart-onde 213C du troisième ensemble de rayonnement delta 2C déposés sur le plan de masse 211C du troisième ensemble de rayonnement delta 2C
  • le patch circulaire rayonnant 111S du second ensemble de rayonnement delta 2S positionné au centre des patchs trapézoïdaux quart-onde 213C du troisième ensemble de rayonnement delta 2C ;
  • le plan de masse 112S du second ensemble rayonnant sigma sur chacune des faces duquel sont déposées les branches d'un port du circuit d'alimentation 12S;
  • le patch circulaire rayonnant 111L du premier ensemble rayonnant sigma;
  • les patchs parasites 215S positionnés au niveau du plan de masse 112L du premier ensemble rayonnant sigma, le plan de masse 112L du premier ensemble rayonnant sigma et le circuit d'alimentation 12L étant positionnés au centre des patchs trapézoïdaux demi-onde 21S du deuxième ensemble de de rayonnement delta 2S .
With reference to the figure 12 , the different elements of the radiating assemblies 1C, 1S, 1L and 2C, 2S, 2L are staggered on the axis A of the source S. By traversing the axis of the source in the opposite direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave, the different elements are positioned in the following order, from the top to the bottom of the source:
  • the radiating circular patch 111C of the third sigma radiating assembly;
  • the ground plane 112C of the third sigma radiating assembly on which the branches of a port of the supply circuit 12C are deposited;
  • the quarter-wave trapezoidal patches 213C of the third delta radiation array 2C deposited on the ground plane 211C of the third delta radiation array 2C
  • the radiating circular patch 111S of the second delta radiation assembly 2S positioned at the center of the quarter-wave trapezoidal patches 213C of the third delta radiation assembly 2C;
  • the ground plane 112S of the second sigma radiating assembly on each side of which are deposited the branches of a port of the supply circuit 12S;
  • the radiating circular patch 111L of the first sigma radiating assembly;
  • the parasitic patches 215S positioned at the level of the ground plane 112L of the first sigma radiating assembly, the ground plane 112L of the first sigma radiating assembly and the supply circuit 12L being positioned in the center of the half-wave trapezoidal patches 21S of the second set of delta 2S radiation.

Les éléments rayonnants du premier ensemble rayonnant 2L sont positionnés autour du deuxième ensemble rayonnant 2S.The radiating elements of the first radiating assembly 2L are positioned around the second radiating assembly 2S.

Les constantes diélectriques des différents diélectriques 212C, 214S, 212S, 12S, 12C, 12L sont choisies de manière à respecter le rayon maximum du réseau.The dielectric constants of the various dielectrics 212C, 214S, 212S, 12S, 12C, 12L are chosen so as to respect the maximum radius of the network.

La source décrite se caractérise par un faible encombrement, un faible poids et des bonnes performances de directivité, de facteur de mérite G/T et de poursuite d'une cible mobile pour une antenne multi-bande. Par ailleurs, ce type de source multi-bande est aussi bien adapté pour équiper des paraboles prime-focus de petit diamètre que de grand diamètre. La source peut recevoir dans les trois bandes de fréquence L, S et C simultanément et, toujours simultanément, faire une poursuite de type monopulse.The source described is characterized by a small footprint, low weight and good performance of directivity, G / T merit factor and tracking of a moving target for a multi-band antenna. Moreover, this type of multi-band source is also well suited for equipping small-diameter and large diameter prime-focus dishes. The source can receive in the three frequency bands L, S and C simultaneously and, simultaneously simultaneously, carry out a monopulse type tracking.

Le fait de minimiser le diamètre des cercles sur lesquels sont positionnés les éléments rayonnant 2C, 2S, 2L permet d'avoir une pente de poursuite forte, or plus la pente de poursuite est forte, meilleure sera la poursuite. D'autre part dans la source décrite, les pentes de poursuite ou écartométriques sont homogènes dans tous les plans et ne se dégradent pas en fonction de la polarisation du signal reçu.Minimizing the diameter of the circles on which the radiating elements 2C, 2S, 2L are positioned makes it possible to have a strong tracking slope, and the higher the tracking slope, the better the tracking. On the other hand, in the source described, the tracking or deviation slopes are homogeneous in all planes and do not degrade as a function of the polarization of the received signal.

La source décrite est particulièrement bien adaptée pour fonctionner dans les bandes de fréquence L = [1.4 ; 1.55 GHz], S = [2.2 ; 2.4GHz] et C = [5.0 ; 5.25GHz]. La source décrite permet, par exemple, de garder un système de réception déjà existant en bande S et de pré-équiper ce système pour la future bande C. D'autre part, avec la source décrite, il n'est plus nécessaire de changer de source pour changer de bande de fréquence, l'opération de changement de source demandant des moyens, du temps de manoeuvre et de mise au point.The source described is particularly well adapted to operate in the frequency bands L = [1.4; 1.55 GHz], S = [2.2; 2.4GHz] and C = [5.0; 5.25 GHz]. The described source makes it possible, for example, to keep an existing reception system in the S-band and to pre-equip this system for the future band C. On the other hand, with the source described, it is no longer necessary to change source to change the frequency band, the source change operation requiring means, maneuvering time and focus.

L'invention peut également être mise en oeuvre pour générer d'autres bandes de fréquence de télécommunication, de télémesure, ou toute autre bande de fréquence de réception.The invention can also be implemented to generate other telecommunication frequency bands, telemetry, or any other reception frequency band.

La source multi-bande décrite est placée au foyer d'un réflecteur principal parabolique. La source multi-bande décrite permet d'éviter l'utilisation d'un montage à deux réflecteurs, réflecteur principal et sub-réflecteur, communément appelé montage cassegrain, notamment sur des antennes de petits diamètres. Ainsi, l'utilisation d'un sub-réflecteur dichroïque n'est pas requise et cela permet aussi d'éviter des problèmes de couplage entre sources séparées.The described multi-band source is placed at the focus of a parabolic main reflector. The described multi-band source makes it possible to avoid the use of a two-reflector, main reflector and sub-reflector assembly, commonly known as cassegrain mounting, in particular on small diameter antennas. Thus, the use of a dichroic subreflector is not required and this also avoids problems of coupling between separate sources.

La source permet de faire, simultanément, de la réception et de la poursuite monopulse de cibles mobiles dans les trois bandes de fréquence L, S et C tout en étant légère et compacte.The source allows simultaneous reception and monopulse tracking of moving targets in the three frequency bands L, S and C while being light and compact.

Claims (14)

  1. A source (S) for parabolic antenna, comprising:
    - a sigma radiating assembly (1S, 1C, 1L) adapted to generate the sigma channel comprising a sigma radiating element (11) positioned on a main transmission/reception axis (A) of the source (S), and a sigma supply circuit (12) for supplying the sigma radiating element (11), and
    - a delta radiating assembly (2S, 2C, 2L) adapted to generate the delta channel comprising eight delta radiating elements (21S, 21C, 21L) arranged about the main transmission/reception axis (A) of the source (S), and a delta supply circuit (22S, 22C, 22L),
    wherein the delta radiating elements (21S, 21C, 21L) are arranged on a circle centred on the main transmission/reception axis (A) of the source (S), with angular spacing of 45 degrees between two successive delta elements (21S, 21C, 21L).
  2. The source according to claim 1, wherein the sigma radiating element (11) extends in a plane perpendicular to the main transmission/reception axis (A) of the source (S).
  3. The source according to one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the sigma radiating element (11) comprises a radiating patch (paving or plate) (111) and a ground plane (112) having coupling slots (113), the coupling slots (113) being arranged according to an invariant design by rotation of 90 degrees about the main transmission/reception axis (A) of the source (S).
  4. The source according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each delta radiating element (21S, 21C, 21L) comprises a radiating patch (paving or plate) (211S, 211C, 211L) connected to the delta supply circuit (22S, 22C, 22L) via a supply point (225S, 225C, 225L), all the patches (211S, 211C, 211L) and their supply points (225S, 225C, 225L) being arranged according to a invariant design by rotation of 45 degrees about the main transmission/reception axis (A) of the source (S).
  5. The source according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the delta radiating elements (21C, 21S) extend in the same plane perpendicular to the main transmission/reception axis (A) of the source (S).
  6. The source according to the preceding claim, wherein the delta radiating elements (21C, 21S) are polarized radially relative to the main transmission/reception axis (A) of the source (S).
  7. The source according to one of claims 5 and 6, wherein each delta radiating element (21C) comprises a quarter-wave radiating patch (213C).
  8. The source according to one of claims 5 and 6, wherein each delta radiating element (21S) comprises a half-wave radiating patch (211S) and a parasite patch (215S).
  9. The source according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the delta radiating elements (21L) each extend in a plane parallel to the main transmission/reception axis (A) of the source (S).
  10. The source according to claim 9, wherein the delta radiating elements (21L) are polarized tangentially relative to the main transmission/reception axis (A) of the source (S).
  11. The source according to one of claims 9 and 10, wherein each delta radiating element (21L) comprises a half-wave dipole (211L).
  12. The source according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the delta radiating elements (21S, 21C, 21L) comprise two groups of four delta radiating elements (21S, 21C, 21L), each group being supplied by the delta supply circuit (22S, 22C, 22L) in TE21 mode, the delta radiating elements (21S, 21C, 21L) of one group being supplied with phase shifting of 90 degrees relative to the delta radiating elements (21S, 21C, 21L) of the other group.
  13. The source according to one of the preceding claims, comprising three sigma radiating assemblies (1S, 1C, 1L) each operating in a different frequency band and three delta radiating assemblies (2S, 2C, 2L) each operating in one of said frequency bands, the sigma radiating elements (1S, 1C, 1L) of the three sigma radiating assemblies (1S, 1C, 1L) being arranged in tiers and centred on the main transmission/reception axis (A) of the source, the sigma radiating elements (1S, 1C, 1L) operating in a higher frequency band being tiered, in the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave, above the sigma radiating elements (1S, 1C, 1L) operating in a lower frequency band.
  14. The source according to claims 3 and 13 taken in combination, wherein the sigma radiating elements (1S, 1C, 1L) operating in a lower frequency band are combined with the ground plane of the sigma radiating elements (1S, 1C, 1L) operating in a higher frequency band.
EP14736313.9A 2013-06-17 2014-06-16 Source for parabolic antenna Active EP3011639B1 (en)

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FR1355655A FR3007215B1 (en) 2013-06-17 2013-06-17 SOURCE FOR PARABOLIC ANTENNA
PCT/EP2014/062497 WO2014202498A1 (en) 2013-06-17 2014-06-16 Source for parabolic antenna

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EP3011639B1 true EP3011639B1 (en) 2018-03-21

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FR3042917B1 (en) 2015-10-22 2018-12-07 Zodiac Data Systems ACQUISITION ASSIST ANTENNA DEVICE AND ANTENNA SYSTEM FOR TRACKING A MOVING TARGET ASSOCIATED WITH
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CN112563732B (en) * 2020-12-01 2021-12-31 中国人民解放军63923部队 UHF-S dual-band parabolic antenna transformation method
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KR102686004B1 (en) * 2023-02-09 2024-07-17 충북대학교 산학협력단 Loop Antenna for RFID

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US20160141764A1 (en) 2016-05-19
JP2016524822A (en) 2016-08-18
FR3007215A1 (en) 2014-12-19
US9520654B2 (en) 2016-12-13
EP3011639A1 (en) 2016-04-27
JP6047673B2 (en) 2016-12-21
WO2014202498A1 (en) 2014-12-24
CN105531872A (en) 2016-04-27
FR3007215B1 (en) 2015-06-05
IL243105A (en) 2016-06-30
KR20160011704A (en) 2016-02-01
KR101656204B1 (en) 2016-09-08

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