EP3003604A1

EP3003604A1 - Method and device for casting a cast part

Info

Publication number: EP3003604A1
Application number: EP14744419.4A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Wolfgang RATHNER
Original assignee: Fill GmbH
Current assignee: Nemak SAB de CV
Priority date: 2013-05-27
Filing date: 2014-05-27
Publication date: 2016-04-13
Anticipated expiration: 2034-05-27
Also published as: AT514740A1; EP3003604B1; ES2702180T3; CN105377473A; US20160101467A1; CN105377473B; DE212014000131U1; PL3003604T3; US9895743B2; WO2014190366A1; AT514740B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for casting a cast part according to tilt casting principles, wherein metal melt (1) is poured from at least one tiltable casting vessel (2) into a casting mould (3) having a mould cavity (4) that forms the cast part. In one step, the at least one casting vessel (2) and the casting mould (3) are arranged next to each other, and in a subsequent step the metal melt (1) is settled. The at least one casting vessel (2) and the casting mould are positioned in such a way that, before pouring the metal melt (1) from the at least one casting vessel (2) into the casting mould (3), a settled level (a) of the metal melt (1) in the at least one casting vessel (2) is at the same height as one section of an inner surface of the casting mould (3).

Description

Method and device for casting a casting

The invention relates to a method for casting a casting according to the Kippgießprinzip, wherein molten metal from at least one tiltable casting container is poured into a mold with a mold cavity forming the mold cavity.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for tilt casting with at least one casting container and at least one casting mold wherein the casting container and the casting mold can be connected to one another.

A method for tilt casting has become known from WO2010 / 058003A1. In the known method, the molten metal is poured into a casting mold by means of a casting container, also referred to as a ladle. In the known method, the process of Umgießens by tilting the casting container is set in motion. In this case, the casting container or the level of the melt in the casting container is higher than the casting mold, so that the melt enters the casting container with relatively high kinetic energy.

A disadvantage of the known methods is that swirling in the melt and thus impairment of the microstructure of the casting may occur at the beginning of the casting of the molten metal from the casting container into the casting mold.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a new Kippgießverfahren, which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above.

This object is achieved with a method of the type mentioned in the present invention that the at least one casting container and the mold are arranged in a step next to each other and in a subsequent step, the molten metal is calmed, the at least one casting container and the mold positioned so who - That before the casting of the molten metal from the at least one casting container in the mold a calmed level of the molten metal in the at least one casting container is level with a portion of an inner side of the mold. The invention makes it possible that pouring the melt into the mold can be very quiet and turbulence-free. Since the calmed down level of the molten metal is already at the level of the casting mold at the beginning of the casting, the molten metal passes into the casting mold at low speed, so that the casting mold is filled with a smoothed melt front. As a result, turbulence and irregularities in the casting can be avoided very well.

According to a preferred embodiment, which allows a particularly smooth pouring of the molten metal into the mold cavity, it can be provided that the at least one casting container and the casting mold are positioned prior to casting so that the calmed metal melt level in the at least one casting container at least the same height with the lowest lying portion of the mold cavity.

A rapid settling of the molten metal before Umgießen and achieving a smooth melt front at the beginning of the Umgießens be favored that the at least one casting container and the mold are positioned prior to the Umgießen so that the calmed down level of the molten metal at the beginning of the Umgießens Wall section, in particular a bottom, the at least one casting container extends. To be particularly advantageous, it has been found that the casting container has a directly opening into the mold cavity gate and the mold cavity is connected directly to the casting container during the Umgießens the molten metal via the gate. According to an advantageous development of the invention, it may be provided that the gate extends substantially over a whole of the casting container facing width of the mold cavity, wherein in the gate part of the melt stops as a feeder volume. A simple starting of the casting process can be achieved by initiating the casting process of the molten metal by tilting the casting container in the direction of the casting mold, or by turning the casting container and the casting mold jointly and in the same direction about a common axis to initiate the casting process. According to a preferred variant of the invention, it can be provided that the casting container is spatially separated from the casting mold during filling with the molten metal and, after filling, is guided by a robot arm to the casting mold and fixed against the casting mold.

A further advantageous variant of the invention consists in that the casting container filled with the molten metal is guided in a pendulum motion to the casting mold, wherein the oscillating movements take place in opposite directions to fluctuations of the molten metal. This variant of the invention enables a very fast processing time, since the Umgießen does not have to wait until the molten metal has calmed down after the introduction of the casting container to the mold.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the level of the molten metal is detected by means of sensors.

The above object can also be achieved with a device of the type mentioned in the present invention that the casting container and the mold are connected to each other, characterized in that after connecting the casting container and the mold one of the mold facing end face of the casting container parallel to a End face of a feeder of the mold extends and / or the end faces are congruent to each other, wherein the end faces abut each other.

The device according to the invention allows a very smooth pouring of the melt from the casting container into the casting mold. It is an advantage of the solution according to the invention that a melting of the melt when poured into the casting mold can be very well prevented and approximately laminar flow conditions are ensured.

An advantageous variant of the invention, which also ensures an optimum sealing surface between casting container and mold, provides that the end faces of casting container and feeder with respect to their surfaces and their contours correspond to each other. According to a variant of the invention, which is characterized by a good Eingießverhalten, it may be provided that an outer surface of the at least one mold facing outer surface of the at least one casting container and the outer surface of the at least one mold form an acute angle with each other.

The pouring behavior of the melt into the casting mold can be further improved in that an inner surface of the at least one casting container and the outer surface of the at least one casting container extend parallel to one another. Very good flow conditions and a very smooth melt front during the pouring of the melt from the casting into the mold can be achieved, that the at least one casting container has a pouring over which the melt is poured into the at least one mold, wherein the width of the pouring edge a width of the equivalent.

The Umgießen can be further improved in that the pouring edge of the at least one casting container and a pouring edge of the at least one feeder are arranged congruently with each other or form a step whose height is less than 10 mm. In order to allow a very smooth flow of the melt in the feeder, it may be provided that a surface of the feeder is formed flat in an adjoining its Eingießkante range and with the end face of the feeder an angle between 80 and 100 °, preferably an angle between 85 ° and 95 °. In order to ensure a smooth inflow of the melt from the feeder into a mold cavity of the mold, it may be provided that the feeder has, at a rear portion of the surface viewed in the pouring direction, a section which makes an angle of more than 90 °, preferably an angle greater than 100 ° and less than 160 °, with the area adjacent to the pouring edge of the surface of the feeder includes. To be particularly favorable, it has been found when the feeder is formed by at least one sand mold. According to an advantageous development of the invention, it can be provided that the device comprises at least one robot arm at least for moving the at least one casting container to the at least one casting mold and at least one sensor for detecting a level of the molten metal in the casting container and at least one with the at least one at least one sensor-connected control, which is adapted to control the robot arm in response to signals generated by the at least one sensor.

Advantageously, the controller is adapted to control the movement of the robot arm and an actuator for actuating the mold so that the level of the molten metal at the beginning of pouring the molten metal from the casting container into the mold is calmed and level with an inside the mold is located.

Simple adjustment of the calmed metal melt in the casting container by tilting it before casting can be achieved by having the pouring container at a connection point to a casting mold with a pouring opening, wherein a movable cover for the pouring opening is provided to prevent unwanted To prevent the passage of the molten metal into the casting mold.

An embodiment which is also very suitable for the use of a protective gas, provides that the cover is designed as a lid which is pivotally or liftably articulated to the casting container. In this case, the cover may be designed to be able to seal the casting container in a gastight manner.

The invention together with further advantages will be explained in more detail below with reference to a non-limiting embodiment, which is illustrated in the drawings. Each shows in a highly schematically simplified representation:

Fig. 1 shows the position of a casting container and a casting mold before pouring the molten metal from the casting container into the casting mold;

FIG. 2 shows the casting container and the casting mold from FIG. 1 in a first position during the casting; FIG. Fig. 3 shows the casting container and the mold of Fig. 1 in a second position during the pouring of the molten metal;

Fig. 4 shows the casting container and the mold of Fig. 1 in a position in which the molten metal is completely transferred from the casting container into the casting mold;

Fig. 5 shows a sensor for detecting a level of the molten metal; Fig. 6 shows a front view of the pouring container of Figs. 1 to 4; Fig. 7 shows a variant of a pouring container;

Fig. 8 shows a part of a device according to the invention in a perspective view

View and

Fig. 9 shows a section through the device shown in Fig. 8.

By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are to be transferred to the new situation mutatis mutandis when a change in position. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the different exemplary embodiments shown and described can also represent independent, inventive or inventive solutions.

All information on calibration values in the present description should be understood as including any and all sub-ranges thereof, eg the information 1 to 10 should be understood to include all sub-ranges, starting from the lower limit 1 and the upper limit 10 are, ie all subareas start with a lower one Limit of 1 or greater and end at an upper limit of 10 or less, eg 1 to 1.7, or 3.2 to 8, 1 or 5.5 to 10.

According to Fig. 1 - 4, the casting is carried out in a method according to the invention for casting a casting according to the Kippgießprinzip. The inventive method is referred to as balanced level casting. In this case, a molten metal 1 is recast from a tiltable casting container 2 into a casting mold 3 with a mold cavity 4 depicting the casting. In FIGS. 1-4, the casting container 2 and the casting mold 3 are shown in different temporally successive positions. The Umgießen can also be done by means of two or more parallel to each other arranged casting container 2, for example, ladles.

The time sequence of the sequence begins with Fig. 1 and ends with Fig. 4. Here, the pouring of the molten metal 1 by tilting the casting container 2 in the direction of the mold 3 can be initiated. As a result, the casting container and the casting mold can be tilted together and in the same direction during the pouring of the molten metal.

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the casting container 2 and the casting mold 3 are arranged next to each other prior to the casting over of the molten metal 1. The casting container 2 can be spatially separated from the casting mold 3 during filling with the molten metal 1.

After filling the casting container 2 with a quantity of molten metal required for filling the casting mold 3, the casting container 2 can be guided, for example, by a robot arm to the casting mold 3 and fixed by the robot arm against the casting mold 3. In Fig. 3, the robot arm is indicated by dashed lines and provided with the reference numeral 13. Advantageously, the casting container 2 can also be mechanically and tightly connected to the casting mold 3, for example by hanging the casting container 2 into the casting mold 3. The casting mold 3 and the casting container 2 can then be tilted together about an axis. After connecting the casting container 2 to the casting mold 3, the robot arm 13 can release the casting container 2 and is available for another working process.

In a second step, the molten metal 1 in the casting container 2 is calmed. This is done by waiting until the position of the molten metal 1 in the casting container 2 has stabilized and has reached a constant level. The casting container 2 and the casting mold 3 are in this case positioned so that a calmed level a of the molten metal 1 before pouring the molten metal from the casting container 2 into the casting mold 3 in the casting container 2 is at the same height as a portion of an inner side of the casting mold 3, as shown in Fig. 1. The soothing of the molten metal 1 in the casting container 2 serves to ensure the quietest possible sprue. The level of the melt can be detected by means of one or more sensors. To reduce oxide formations, it may further be provided that the casting container 2 is filled with a protective gas. For this purpose, in particular an embodiment as shown in Fig. 6, in which the casting container 2 can be closed with a cover 19 after filling with the molten metal 1 is suitable.

The casting container 2 can have at least one flat, rectilinearly extending bottom section 5 in its deepest region, the casting container 2 being positioned before the casting so that the calmed a level of the molten metal runs parallel to the bottom section 5 at the beginning of the casting. At this point it should be noted that the casting container 2 can also have a different bottom shape, for example rounded.

As can also be seen from FIG. 1, the casting container 2 and the casting mold 3 can be positioned before pouring the molten metal 1 such that a normal nl is applied to the bottom section 5 or to an opening 6 of the casting container 2 opposite the bottom section and a normal n2 on an inlet opening 7 of the mold 3 form an angle α of approximately 45 ° - 100 ° with each other. This angle α can remain constant during the Umgießens, so that the relative position of the casting container 2 and mold 3 does not change during the Umgießens. Alternatively, however, the angle α during the Umgießens vary and thus change the relative position of the casting container 2 and mold 3 to each other.

The inventive method makes it possible to keep the calmed level a of the molten metal 1, which is necessarily horizontal, parallel to a bottom of the casting container 2 at the time of commencement of pouring, said level a preferably the lowest level of the mold cavity 4 of Mold 3 corresponds to the beginning of the Umgießens. At the beginning of the Umgießens the mold 3 is opposite to that shown in Fig. 4 Position pivoted at the end of the Umzießens by about -90 °, as can be seen from a comparison of Fig. L and 4. In the balanced level casting method according to the invention, the movements of the casting container and / or of the casting mold during casting can be controlled such that the surface of the melt is approximately calmed during the entire casting process.

Furthermore, the casting container 2 filled with the molten metal 1 can, for example, be guided in a pendulum motion to the casting mold, wherein the pendulum movement can take place in opposite directions to fluctuations in the molten metal 1.

The casting container 2 may have a directly opening into the mold cavity 4 gate, wherein the mold cavity 4 is connected during the Umgießens the molten metal 1 via a gate directly to the casting container 2. In the case just mentioned, the gate of the pouring container 2 can be formed by a portion 12 of the pouring container 2, which has a pouring opening 18 shown in FIG.

As an alternative to a realization of a gate on the casting container 2, the casting mold 3 may have a gate 8. This gate 8 may have a plurality of channels 9, 10, 11, which may serve for filling the mold cavity 4 and for venting during filling. Furthermore, the casting container 2 on a side facing the casting mold 3 may have the portion 12 corresponding to the cut 8 in order to ensure a good connection between the casting container 2 and the casting mold 3. The section 12 and a section of the gate 8 cooperating therewith are preferably designed to be congruent to one another, wherein the section 12 engages in the gate 8 and can be surrounded by the latter, so that a mechanical connection can be formed between the casting vessel 2 and the casting mold 3.

The gate 8 may extend substantially over an entire width of the mold cavity 4 facing the casting container 2. In section 8, part of the molten metal can also remain as the feed volume.

The device 14 shown in FIG. 3 for carrying out the method according to the invention may have one or more sensors 15 for detecting the level of the molten metal 1 in FIG - Lo dern casting container 2 and connected to the sensor 15 controller 16, for example, a correspondingly programmed signal or microprocessor, which is adapted to control the robot arm 13 in response to signals generated by the sensor 15. As shown in FIG. 5, the sensor 15 may be, for example, a photosensitive sensor which receives light reflected from the surface of the molten metal from a light source 20 and converts it into electrical signals. The intensity of the light measured by the sensor 15 changes with fluctuations of the level of the metal lard against a calmed surface, so that it can be easily recognized with the illustrated construction, whether the level of the molten metal 1 is calmed.

The controller 16 may be configured to control the movement of the robot arm 13 and an actuator 17 for operating the mold 3 so that the level of the molten metal 1 at the beginning of pouring the molten metal 1 from the casting container 2 into the mold 3, is calmed and is at the same height with an inside of the mold 3. With the help of the actuator, such as another robot arm or a motor, the mold 3 can be tilted.

As illustrated in FIG. 6, the casting container 2 may have a pouring opening 18 at a connection point to a casting mold 3. The pouring opening 18 may extend over the entire width of the mold cavity 4.

Furthermore, a movable cover for the pouring opening 18 may be provided. The cover can be a closure flap for the pouring opening 18 or a plate displaceable in the plane of the pouring opening 18. But the cover 19 may also be as shown in Fig. 7, as ver pivotally he lid formed. , The use of a cover has the advantage that the casting container 2 can be correspondingly positioned before casting and aligned with respect to the casting mold 3, wherein a transfer of the melt is prevented when the pouring spout 18 is closed. After removing the cover, the molten metal 1 can then be poured from the casting container 2 into the casting mold 3.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is particularly suitable for the use of protective gas, since after receiving the melt the casting container 2 is sealed by means of the cover. closed and the casting container 2 via a filling opening, not shown here, which may for example be closed with a valve, can be filled with inert gas.

According to the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9, the casting container 2 and the casting mold 3 can be connected to one another, wherein the casting container can be suspended in the casting mold 3 and locked thereon. The connection between casting container 2 and mold 3 can be positive and / or non-positive.

As shown in FIG. 9, after connecting the casting container 2 and the casting mold 3, an end face 21 of the casting container 2 facing the casting mold 3 runs parallel to an end face 22 of a feeder 23 and abuts against it. The feeder 23 may be formed by a sand mold 24. The end faces 21, 22 of the casting container 2 and feeder 23 and sand mold 24 may correspond to each other with respect to their faces and contours. Furthermore, the end faces 21, 22 may be formed congruent to each other. Thus, one of the end faces 21, 22 could have one or more extensions, while the other of the end faces 21, 22 could have corresponding receptacles. The sand mold 24 is often referred to as a "cover core." In the illustrated embodiment, the feeder 23 is part of the pouring system and is designed as a so-called open feeder An outer surface 26 of the pouring container 2 facing the outer surface 25 of the mold 3 and the outer surface 25 may be pointed An inner surface 27 of the casting container 2 and the outer surface 26 may run parallel to one another. The casting container 2 may have a pouring edge 28, via which the melt passes into the casting mold 3. The width of the casting Pouring edge 28 may correspond to a width of the feeder 23 and / or a width of the sand mold 24 inserted in the feeder 23. The pouring edge 28 and a pouring edge of the sand mold 24 may be steplessly aligned with each other or form a step whose height is less than 10 mm The pouring edge of the sand mold 24 is from illustrative Reasons in Fig. 9 is not provided with its own reference numerals. However, the position of the pouring edge is immediately adjacent to the pouring edge designated by reference numeral 28. A surface of the sand mold 24 may be flat in a region adjoining its pouring edge and enclose with the end face 22 an angle between 80 and 100 °, preferably an angle between 85 ° and 95 °. As shown in FIG. 9, the angle between the surface of the sand mold and the end face is approximately 90 °, for example.

At a viewed in Eingießrichtung rear portion which merges into a mold cavity, the surface of the sand mold 24 may have a portion having an angle of more than 90 °, preferably an angle of more than 100 ° and less than 160 °, with the enclosing the pouring edge adjacent area of the surface of the sand mold 24. The embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is likewise very well suited for carrying out the method according to the invention, wherein the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 can additionally also have all the device features of the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 7.

The embodiments show possible embodiments of the solution according to the invention, it being noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof. There are all variants that fall under the literal sense of the independent claims covered by the scope.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

molten metal

gooseneck

mold

mold cavity

bottom section

opening

pouring

bleed

channel

section

robot arm

contraption

sensor

control

actuator

pouring

cover

light source

face

Speiser

sandbox

outer surface

Inner surface

pouring edge

Claims

Patent claims

1. A method for casting a casting according to the Kippgießprinzip, wherein molten metal (1) from at least one tiltable casting container (2) in a casting mold (3) with a casting mold cavity (4) is recast, characterized in that the at least one casting container (2) and the mold (3) are arranged next to each other in a step and in a subsequent step, the molten metal (1) is calmed, wherein the at least one casting container (2) and the mold are positioned so that prior to casting over the molten metal (1) of which at least one casting container (2) into the casting mold (3) a calmed level (a) of the molten metal (1) in the at least one casting container (2) is level with a portion of an inner side of the casting mold (3) ,

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one casting container (2) and the casting mold (3) are positioned before casting so that the calmed level (a) of the molten metal in the casting vessel at least at the same height with the lowest lying portion of the mold cavity (4) is located.

3. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the at least one casting container (2) is positioned before the Umgießen so that calmed

Level (a) of the molten metal (1) at the beginning of the Umgießens parallel to a wall portion, in particular one, bottom (5) of the casting container (2).

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the casting container (2) has a directly into the mold cavity (4) opening bleed and the mold cavity (4) during the Umgießens the molten metal (1) via the gate directly to the Casting container (2) is connected.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the gate (8) extends substantially over a total of the casting container (2) facing the width of the mold cavity (4), wherein in the gate part of the melt stops as a feeder volume.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the Eingießvorgang the molten metal (1) by tilting the casting container (2) in the direction of the mold (3) is initiated, or that the casting container and the mold for initiating the Eingießvorganges be rotated together and in the same direction about a common axis.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the casting container (2) and the casting mold (3) during the Umgießens the molten metal (1) are tilted together and in the same direction.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the

Casting container (2) during filling with the molten metal spatially separated from the mold (3) and after filling by a robot arm (13) brought to the mold (3) and fixed against the mold (3).

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that with the molten metal (1) filled casting container (2) is guided in a pendulum motion to the mold, wherein the pendulum movement in opposite directions to fluctuations of the molten metal (1).

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the

Level of the molten metal is detected by means of at least one sensor.

11. Device (14) for tilting casting with at least one casting container (2) and at least one casting mold (3)), wherein the at least one casting container (2) and the at least one casting mold (3) are connectable to each other, characterized in that in one connected state of the at least one casting container (2) and the at least one casting mold (3) one of the at least one casting mold (3) facing end face (21) of the at least one casting container (2) parallel to an end face (22) of at least one feeder (23) the at least one casting mold (3) extends and bears against this.

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the end faces (21, 22) of the casting container (2) and S feeders with respect to their surfaces and their contours correspond to each other.

13. The apparatus of claim 1 1 or 12, characterized in that an outer surface (25) of the at least one casting mold (3) facing the outer surface (26) of the at least one casting container (2) and the outer surface (25) of the at least one casting mold ( 3) enclose an acute angle with each other.

14. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that an inner surface (27) of the at least one casting container (2) and the outer surface (26) of the at least one casting container (2) parallel to each other.

15. Device according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the at least one casting container (2) has a pouring edge (28), via which the melt is poured into the at least one casting mold (3), wherein the width of the pouring edge ( 28) corresponds to a width of the feeder (23).

16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the pouring edge (28) of the at least one casting container (2) and a pouring edge of the feeder (23), steplessly aligned with each other or form a step whose height is less than 10% of a transverse to the Eingießkante and parallel to the end face extending height of the feeder (23).

17. The apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that a surface of the feeder (23) is formed flat in an adjoining her Eingießkante area and with the end face (22) of the feeder an angle between 80 and 100 °, preferably an angle between 85 ° and 95 °.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the at least one feeder (23) has a section at an angle viewed in the pouring direction rear portion of the surface, an angle of more than 90 °, preferably an angle of more than 100 ° and smaller as 160 °, with the adjoining the pouring edge region of the surface of the feeder (23).

19. Device according to one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that the feeder (23) by at least one sand mold (24) is formed.

20. Device according to one of claims 11 to 19, characterized in that it comprises at least one robot arm (13) at least for moving the at least one casting container (2) to the at least one casting mold (3) and at least one sensor (15) for detecting a level of the molten metal (1) in the casting container (2) and at least one connected to the at least one sensor (15) controller (16) which is adapted to the robot arm (13) in dependence on the at least one sensor (15) to control generated signals.

21. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the controller (16) is adapted to control the movement of the robot arm (13) and an actuator (17) for actuating the mold (3) so that the level of molten metal (1 ) at the beginning of a reflow of the molten metal (1) from the casting container (2) into the casting mold (3), is calmed and lies at the same height as an inside of the casting mold (3).

22. The apparatus of claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the casting container (2) at a connection point to the mold (3) has a pouring opening (18), wherein a movable cover (19) is provided for the pouring opening.

23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the cover as

Lid is executed, which is pivotally or liftably hinged to the casting container (2).