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EP2981651B1 - Support and protection barrier for retaining a moving object - Google Patents

Support and protection barrier for retaining a moving object Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2981651B1
EP2981651B1 EP14722257.4A EP14722257A EP2981651B1 EP 2981651 B1 EP2981651 B1 EP 2981651B1 EP 14722257 A EP14722257 A EP 14722257A EP 2981651 B1 EP2981651 B1 EP 2981651B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mast
ground
downstream
support
holding element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP14722257.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2981651A1 (en
Inventor
Pascal Rambaud
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Swincar
Original Assignee
Swincar
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Swincar filed Critical Swincar
Publication of EP2981651A1 publication Critical patent/EP2981651A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2981651B1 publication Critical patent/EP2981651B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
    • E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
    • E01F7/045—Devices specially adapted for protecting against falling rocks, e.g. galleries, nets, rock traps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a support intended to be fixed on a ground for the realization of a protective barrier capable of retaining an object moving relative to said terrain.
  • the invention also relates to such a barrier.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to barriers capable of holding blocks down a slope.
  • the barrier serves to protect people, infrastructure and property from falling and falling blocks of rock walls. Implanted across the slope, substantially along contour lines, such a protective barrier is sized to intercept the trajectory of the blocks and stop them by dissipating their kinetic energy.
  • a protective barrier comprises on the one hand metal supports which are fixed in the field, and on the other hand nets, or equivalent, fixed between the supports.
  • the masts are maintained in a position substantially normal to the slope by guy lines, namely upstream stays and downstream stays, and side stays in the case of the end poles of the barrier.
  • downstream stays are not, in principle, not directly solicited in the event of impact of an object or block or snow thrust but they are justified in the event of a direct impact on an upstream stay cable - which has for effect to pull the head of the mast upstream - or to counter a whiplash during the rebound of the block.
  • a first disadvantage of these known barriers is that each stay requires a specific ground anchoring and that these anchors are often difficult and expensive to achieve, especially in soft terrain, even if the traction they support can be moderate, as it is the case of shrouds downstream.
  • Another disadvantage is that the mounting of the barrier is relatively long and can be achieved only on the implantation site, which is often steep, without the possibility of pre-assembly in easy site.
  • this document provides for preventing movement of the head and foot of the mast relative to the ground, both at rest and during a solicitation.
  • Such a barrier can be satisfactory in the avalanche application, preventing the snow from starting to slide down the slope: the movement of the snowpack is blocked before it has time to gain speed and trigger an avalanche .
  • this type of barrier generally does not provide satisfactory protection in all cases, especially to retain blocks downhill slope.
  • the use of such a barrier is limited to small stone barriers, where the net is sufficient to ensure the dissipation of kinetic energy of the block, this barrier does not provide a sufficient level of safety when the potential solicitations are high.
  • the invention aims to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art.
  • the first limiting means and the second limiting means comprise respectively a first and a second braking device, the braking devices being designed to prevent movement of the mast downstream at rest, and to brake the movement of the mast downstream under the effect of a bias exerted on the mast, in the mounted position.
  • the first and second braking devices are separate and arranged so that the braked displacement of the mast downstream, in the mounted position and under the effect of a bias exerted on the mast, is substantially in parallel translation in the field, without modifying the inclination of the mast with respect to the ground.
  • upstream and downstream refer to the path of movement of the object.
  • upstream and downstream terms are used with reference to the slope line of the ground.
  • the support according to the invention may be devoid of downstream stay, which limits both the number of ground anchors required and the required assembly time on site.
  • the first and second limiting means are intended to limit the movement of the mast relative to the terrain, that is to say concretely with respect to the corresponding holding element, or with respect to the anchoring of this holding element.
  • limitation has the meaning of: restricting by imposing limits.
  • the movement of the mast is blocked at rest (that is to say in the unconstrained state, in the absence of rock impact or snow thrust), and braked during a solicitation, that is to say restricted in its speed and in its race.
  • the first limiting means are intended to slow the sliding of the foot of the mast during a load, and to prevent this sliding at rest in the preferred embodiment according to which the foot of the mast rests on the ground without being anchored, and if the terrain is sloping.
  • the second means of limitation they are intended to prevent movement of the mast head downstream at rest - when the terrain is sloping - and to curb this movement during a solicitation.
  • the limitation of the upstream movement is not necessary to rest on a sloping ground, because of the inclination of the mast disposed substantially according to the normal terrain.
  • the limitation of the upstream movement is essential in case of stress, because of the absence of downstream stays.
  • the support may be substantially located in a vertical plane, in the mounted position, that is to say when it is fixed on a ground.
  • the lower holding member then substantially follows the slope line of the ground, thus being substantially perpendicular to the mast.
  • the upper holding member it is arranged obliquely, that is to say that it forms with the mast an angle ⁇ neither straight nor zero, for example between 10 ° and 80 °, and can typically be between 20 ° and 40 °, for example of the order of 30 °.
  • the movement of the mast downstream is possible (during a load), but limited by the braking devices that allow to dissipate energy.
  • the braking devices can comprise various elastic, plastic or elasto-plastic means.
  • the kinetic energy dissipation can for example be obtained by deformation or tearing of material.
  • the braking devices may be separate or form a single braking device.
  • One or both of the braking devices may be disposed between the anchor - or the connecting member - and the lower and upper holding members.
  • the first braking device cooperates with the foot of the mast and the lower holding member, and / or that the second braking device cooperates with the head of the mast and the upper holding member.
  • the arrangement of the braking devices is symmetrical, they are therefore located both upstream, in the vicinity of the anchor or downstream, in the vicinity of the mast.
  • first and second braking devices are separate and arranged so that the braked displacement of the mast downstream, in the mounted position and under the effect of a bias exerted on the mast, is substantially in parallel translation in the field, without modifying the inclination of the mast with respect to the ground.
  • this can be achieved by appropriately defining the stroke of the braking devices and their calibration. This arrangement aims to maintain the residual height of the net attached between two adjacent supports after the impact of a block.
  • the support comprises a connecting means between the mast head and the upper holding member, said connecting means being designed to allow the mast to pivot relative to the upper holding member around a substantially transverse axis, when the mast moves downstream relative to the ground, in the mounted position.
  • This connecting means may be a simple oblong hole allowing some rotation of the head of the mast relative to the upper holding member.
  • this connecting means may comprise a clevis articulated on the head of the mast along a substantially transverse axis, and slidably mounted on the upper holding element along the axis thereof.
  • each of the devices brake may comprise a sleeve surrounding said bar and disposed between the foot, respectively the head, of the mast and the downstream end of the bar, the sleeve being designed to be compressed - plastic or elastic - between the mast and the mast. downstream end of the bar to curb the movement of the mast downstream relative to the lower and upper holding elements.
  • the lower holding member may comprise a stay or, conversely, be rigid.
  • the lower holding member and / or the upper holding member is in the form of a rigid bar.
  • connection element intended to be anchored in the ground.
  • a braking device could be interposed between the connection element and the upper and / or lower holding element.
  • connection element may for example comprise a transverse axis ring (that is to say substantially orthogonal to the mast and the lower holding element). This is a very simple way to connect the upper and lower holding elements to each other and to the anchorage. In addition, such a ring structure can dissipate a little energy.
  • the foot of the mast may comprise a base adapted to allow the support to rest substantially stable on the ground before fixing the support on the ground. Therefore, the support according to the invention can be pre-assembled at the factory, and its installation is easier because of its self-stability.
  • the base may comprise a transverse tube portion.
  • the following description is made in the case of a barrier installed on sloping ground, it being specified that this application is not limiting.
  • the barrier could also be installed on a substantially horizontal ground, around an installation or a machine for example.
  • a barrier 1 according to the invention is intended to be mounted on a slope 2 in order to be able to retain blocks downstream of said terrain and dissipate their kinetic energy, or to limit the crawling of a snowpack.
  • the reference (X, Y, Z) is defined with respect to the terrain, where X is the direction along the slope line, substantially parallel to the terrain, Y is the transverse direction and Z is the normal terrain, Z is therefore not vertical. .
  • the terms “upstream” and “downstream” are used with reference to the X direction; the term “lateral” is used with reference to direction Y.
  • the barrier 1 comprises a plurality of supports 3 fixed on the ground 2, preferably at substantially regular intervals and along a contour line.
  • the net 4 is preferably mounted between an upper rim wire 5 and a lower rim wire 6, the side edge ropes being optional.
  • the edge cables 5, 6 can be fractional and modular or, on the contrary, run over the entire length of the barrier 1.
  • the net 4 can for example be a cable net or an underwater net.
  • An anti submarine net, consisting of the assembly of monotoron cable rings, has a very high resistance and a capacity for deformation and significant energy dissipation.
  • the thread 4 in the unconstrained state, that is to say in the absence of block impact, the thread 4 is fixed substantially tensioned between the supports 3 and extends substantially transversely to the slope line X , that is to say in a plane (Y, Z).
  • the barrier 1 thus has a repetitive modular structure, with module widths, that is to say a distance between two adjacent supports 3, which can be of the order of 10 to 20 m.
  • the barrier 1 may comprise a lateral guying system (not shown), namely a left lateral guying system and a right lateral guying system respectively for the support 3 located at the left-hand end of the barrier and for the support 3 located at the right-hand end of the barrier.
  • the other supports do not have such lateral guying systems.
  • Each lateral guying system makes it possible to connect the support 3 to a corresponding lateral anchorage. The dimension and the technique of realization of the anchors depend on the nature of the ground 2.
  • the support 3 comprises a mast 10 which comprises a foot 11, to which the lower rim cables 6 are attached, and a head 12, to which the upper rim cables 5 are attached.
  • the mast 10 may be formed for the essential of a metal tube.
  • the foot 11 of the mast 10 is arranged to be able to rest on the ground 2.
  • it may comprise a base 13 adapted to allow the support 3 to rest substantially stable on the ground 2 before the fixing of the support 3 on the 2.
  • the base 13 is formed of a stretch of metal tube extending transversely on either side of the mast 10, over a length sufficient to give this self-stability to the support 3.
  • the lower part of the mast 10 can be inserted and fixed in an orifice formed on the upper part of the base 13. Provision can be made for the lower rim cable (s) 6 to pass through the base (13) to be fixed to the lower part of the mast (10), as shown in FIG. figure 5 .
  • the support 3 further comprises a lower holding member 14 which, in the illustrated embodiment, is in the form of a rigid bar, typically metallic. It can be a crenelated and screwable HA bar (high adhesion), for example identical to those used for anchors (GEWI® type bars). These bars have the advantage of being very efficient and economical because very widely used in these applications, and to allow a micrometric adjustment of their length.
  • a rigid bar typically metallic. It can be a crenelated and screwable HA bar (high adhesion), for example identical to those used for anchors (GEWI® type bars). These bars have the advantage of being very efficient and economical because very widely used in these applications, and to allow a micrometric adjustment of their length.
  • the lower holding member 14 is disposed substantially perpendicular to the mast 10. It has an upstream end 15 intended to be fixed to the ground 2 and can extend, downstream, beyond the foot 11 of the mast 10, until at its downstream end 16.
  • the downstream end portion of the lower holding member 14 is mounted on the foot 11 of the mast 10. This downstream end portion can pass through the foot 11 with a sliding possibility which is however blocked as explained below.
  • the lower holding member 14 serves to limit (that is to say to block or control, according to different embodiments) the sliding of the foot 11 of the mast 10 on the ground 2.
  • the two stops 17, 18 are disposed on either side of the base 13 and substantially in contact therewith.
  • the support 3 also comprises an upper holding member 20 which is rigid.
  • the upper holding member 20 is in the form of a rigid bar, typically metallic. It may be a crenellated bar and screw as discussed above.
  • the upper holding member 20 is disposed obliquely with respect to the mast 10. It is inclined relative to the mast 10 by an angle ⁇ which can be between 20 ° and 40 °, for example of the order of 30 °.
  • the upper holding element 20 has an upstream end 21 intended to be fixed to the ground 2 and a downstream end 22, the downstream end portion of the upper holding element 20 being mounted on the head 12 of the mast 10.
  • the upper holding element 20 plays the same role as an upstream stay but its rigidity - in particular its resistance to buckling - is sufficient to support a moderate compression that can be generated by a small support on the net 4, by the self weight of the latter or by a rebound effect. As a result, the support 3 is devoid of downstream stay.
  • the upper holding member 20 extends downstream beyond the head 12 of the mast 10. It is mounted on the head 12 of the mast 10 by a connecting means, for example in the form of a clevis 23. This is articulated on the head 12 of the mast 10, about a substantially transverse axis 24, and on the other hand slidably mounted around the upstream end 21 of the element upper support 20, along the axis of the latter.
  • the two stops 25, 26 are disposed on either side of the yoke 23 and substantially in contact therewith.
  • the upstream end 15 of the lower holding member 14 and the upstream end 21 of the upper holding member 20 are fixed to the same connecting element 28 intended to be anchored in the ground 2.
  • This connecting element 28 may be in the form of a ring 29 axis transverse.
  • Fixing the holding elements 14, 20 to the ring 28 can be done via a nut screwed to the upstream end of these holding elements, when they consist of a crenelated bar and screwable.
  • a counter-nut (not shown) can also be placed on each of the holding elements 14, 20, close to the ring 28. The function of these lock-nuts is to avoid, during the rebound effect which follows an impact, that the holding element concerned does not move upstream by a few centimeters.
  • the ring 28 is anchored in the ground, for example by means of a threaded rod 30 fixed to the ring 28 by means of a nut and sealed in the ground 2 to a sufficient depth (for example of the order of 3 to 4 m).
  • a sufficient depth for example of the order of 3 to 4 m.
  • Other anchoring solutions can be implemented depending on the nature of the terrain 2.
  • the support 3 is designed to be pre-assembled in easy terrain before being cranked or heliborted on its anchor point.
  • the main components of the support 3 - namely the mast 10 and the lower holding members 14 and upper 20 - do not move relative to each other, in particular because of the limitation means to the downstream and upstream.
  • the upstream stop 18 is especially useful during such a displacement prior to the installation of the support 3 in the field. Indeed, in operation, the stop 18 is generally not useful in practice because the foot 11 of the mast 10 does not tend to move upstream during a solicitation.
  • the shape of the base 13 allows the support 3 to remain erected before the laying of the side ropes 5, 6 and side stays.
  • the mast 10 In the mounted position of the support 3 on the ground 2, the mast 10 is substantially orthogonal to the ground 2, the lower holding member 14 substantially follows the slope line, and the upper holding member 20 is inclined at an angle ⁇ , relative to the normal ground, from its upstream end 21 towards its downstream end 22.
  • the support 3 extends substantially in a plane (Y, Z).
  • the threads 4 are located substantially in the same plane as the poles 10.
  • the support 3 may comprise braking devices comprising one or more elastic, plastic or elastoplastic elements allowing movement and / or rotation of the mast 10. This is in particular used for rockfall applications, where the barrier 1 is subject to dynamic demands.
  • each of the braking devices 31, 32 comprises a sleeve surrounding the bar constituting the lower holding member 14 or upper 20.
  • the lower sleeve 31 is disposed between the foot 11 of the mast 10 and the downstream end 16 of the lower holding member 14, and more precisely between the downstream washer 17 and an end stop 33 formed of a washer and a nut disposed in the vicinity of the downstream end 16 of the lower holding element 14.
  • the upper sleeve 32 is disposed between the head 12 of the mast 10 and the downstream end 22 of the upper holding member 20, and more precisely between the downstream washer 25 and an end stop 34 formed by a washer. and a nut disposed in the vicinity of the downstream end 22 of the upper holding member 20.
  • the sleeves 31, 32 may consist of a metal tube, for example aluminum, able to deform "accordion". This is a very simple and economical way of dissipating energy.
  • the support 3 is fixed to the ground 2 only at the upstream ends 15, 21 of the lower holding members 14 and upper 20, here by the threaded rod 30.
  • the mast 10, whose foot 11 rests on the ground 2 without being there fixed, is retained in position by the lower holding members 14 and upper 20 fixed to the threaded rod 30, which prevent the mast 10 from sliding in the slope, in the absence of stress.
  • the downstream abutment 17 is supported on the first braking device 31, itself bearing on the end stop 33. These elements form first limiting means for limiting the movement of the foot 11 of the mast 10 downstream. in relation to the terrain 2.
  • the downstream abutment 25 bears against the second braking device 32, itself bearing on the end stop 34. These elements form second limiting means for limiting the movement of the head 12 of the mast 10 towards the end stop. downstream from the field 2.
  • the mast 10 of the support 3 is subjected to a force tending to drag it downstream. If the amplitude of the bias is sufficient, the mast 10 will indeed move downstream, this movement being braked.
  • the sleeve 31 will be compressed between the stop 17 - sliding downstream on the lower holding member 14 due to the thrust exerted by the mast 10 - and the end stop 33.
  • the sleeve 32 will be compressed between the stop 25 - sliding downstream on the upper holding member 20 due to the thrust exerted by the mast 10 via the yoke 23 - and the end stop 34.
  • the sleeves 31, 32 dissipate the kinetic energy of the stone running down the slope and thus slow down the movement of the mast 10 downstream relative to the terrain 2, and more precisely with respect to the lower holding members 14 and upper 20.
  • the first and second braking devices 31, 32 are arranged so that this braking movement of the mast 10 downstream is substantially in a translation parallel to the terrain 2, without changing the inclination of the mast relative to 2. This makes it possible to maintain the residual height of the barrier 1 after impact. A significant residual height after impact is particularly important to meet the requirements of the European ETAG 27 standard for so-called service solicitation.
  • the races of the braking devices 31, 32 must be different, and their settings.
  • the stroke of the upper braking device 32 is equal to 2/3 of that of the lower braking device 31 and, to obtain the same energy dissipation, the calibration of the upper braking device 32 must be equal to 3/2 of the calibration of the lower braking device 31.
  • the barrier 1 according to the invention is devoid of energy dissipators - or braking device - arranged on the edge cables, which have the effect of lengthening these edge cables and therefore considerably increase their boom and reduce the residual height after impact.
  • the guided and braked translation of the mast 10 downstream, without modifying its inclination with respect to the terrain 2, implies a slight angle variation between the mast 10 and the upper holding member 20, which may, for example, be order of 5 to 7 °.
  • This small amplitude pivoting of the mast 10 relative to the upper holding member 20 is allowed by the yoke 23 hinged about the axis 24.
  • Other connecting means allowing the mast 10 to pivot relative to the element
  • the upper support members 20 around a substantially transverse axis can be envisaged.
  • the capacity of deformation and dissipation of energy of the barrier 1 thus results from the elasto-plastic deformation of the thread 4 and the braking devices 31, 32.
  • the mast 10 may be subjected to a bias tending to tilt upstream. This can occur in the event of a direct impact on the upper holding member 20, or following a rebound of the block intercepted by the barrier 1. This can also occur when the barrier 1 is implanted on slopes with very little support, for example at the foot of the slope.
  • the degree of freedom in pivoting of the head 12 of the mast 10 relative to the upper holding member 20 is no longer necessary, and the clevis 23 is articulated can be replaced by a connecting piece 35 fixed at a time to the upper holding member 20 and the head 12 of the mast 10 and allowing no relative degree of freedom.
  • Such a barrier 1, including fixed supports 3 even in the event of stress, can be used for small stone barriers, or for avalanche barriers, which oppose a static thrust.
  • the downstream abutment 17, which may comprise a washer and a nut, forms first limiting means to prevent movement of the foot 11 of the mast 10 downstream relative to the terrain 2, while the upstream stop 18 prevents the foot from moving. 11 of the mast 10 upstream.
  • the invention provides a decisive improvement to the prior art, in that it makes it possible to reconcile the advantages of a single-anchor, self-stable and pre-assembled support with a very low component manufacturing cost by removing downstream shrouds, due to the rigidity of the upper holding member which provides the upstream seat stay function.
  • the invention makes it possible to integrate braking devices into the support which do not generate any residual height loss of the barrier.

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Description

La présente invention concerne un support destiné à être fixé sur un terrain pour la réalisation d'une barrière de protection apte à retenir un objet en mouvement par rapport audit terrain. L'invention concerne également une telle barrière.The present invention relates to a support intended to be fixed on a ground for the realization of a protective barrier capable of retaining an object moving relative to said terrain. The invention also relates to such a barrier.

L'invention s'applique notamment aux barrières aptes à retenir des blocs dévalant un terrain en pente.The invention is particularly applicable to barriers capable of holding blocks down a slope.

Toutefois, d'autres utilisations d'une telle barrière sont également visées par l'invention, comme la retenue d'un manteau neigeux sur un terrain en pente, pour la prévention des avalanches, ou la retenue d'un objet projeté par une machine tournante ou par un vent violent ou par une explosion, etc., pour la protection d'une installation ou de son environnement.However, other uses of such a barrier are also covered by the invention, such as the retention of a snowpack on sloping ground, for the prevention of avalanches, or the restraint of a projected object by a machine rotating or by a strong wind or an explosion, etc., for the protection of an installation or its environment.

Dans l'exemple particulier, mais non limitatif, des barrières implantées sur un terrain en pente, la barrière a pour fonction de protéger les personnes, les infrastructures et les biens contre les chutes et dévalements de blocs détachés de parois rocheuses. Implantée en travers de la pente, sensiblement selon les courbes de niveau, une telle barrière de protection est dimensionnée pour intercepter la trajectoire des blocs et les arrêter en dissipant leur énergie cinétique.In the particular, but not limiting, example of barriers on sloping ground, the barrier serves to protect people, infrastructure and property from falling and falling blocks of rock walls. Implanted across the slope, substantially along contour lines, such a protective barrier is sized to intercept the trajectory of the blocks and stop them by dissipating their kinetic energy.

De façon classique, une barrière de protection comprend d'une part des supports métalliques qui sont fixés sur le terrain, et d'autre part des filets, ou équivalent, fixés entre les supports. Les mâts sont maintenus dans une position sensiblement normale à la pente par des haubans, à savoir des haubans amont et des haubans aval, ainsi que des haubans latéraux dans le cas des mâts d'extrémité de la barrière.Conventionally, a protective barrier comprises on the one hand metal supports which are fixed in the field, and on the other hand nets, or equivalent, fixed between the supports. The masts are maintained in a position substantially normal to the slope by guy lines, namely upstream stays and downstream stays, and side stays in the case of the end poles of the barrier.

Les haubans aval ne sont, en principe, pas sollicités directement en cas d'impact d'un objet ou d'un bloc ou de poussée de la neige mais ils sont justifiés en cas d'impact direct sur un hauban amont - ce qui a pour effet de tirer la tête du mât vers l'amont - ou pour contrer un coup de fouet lors du rebond du bloc.The downstream stays are not, in principle, not directly solicited in the event of impact of an object or block or snow thrust but they are justified in the event of a direct impact on an upstream stay cable - which has for effect to pull the head of the mast upstream - or to counter a whiplash during the rebound of the block.

Un premier inconvénient de ces barrières connues est que chaque hauban nécessite un ancrage au sol spécifique et que ces ancrages sont souvent difficiles et coûteux à réaliser, surtout en terrain meuble, même si la traction qu'ils supportent peut être modérée, comme c'est le cas des haubans aval. Un autre inconvénient est que le montage de la barrière est relativement long et ne peut être réalisé que sur le site d'implantation, qui est souvent escarpé, sans possibilité de pré-assemblage en site facile.A first disadvantage of these known barriers is that each stay requires a specific ground anchoring and that these anchors are often difficult and expensive to achieve, especially in soft terrain, even if the traction they support can be moderate, as it is the case of shrouds downstream. Another disadvantage is that the mounting of the barrier is relatively long and can be achieved only on the implantation site, which is often steep, without the possibility of pre-assembly in easy site.

Il existe par ailleurs des barrières dont les supports sont plus rapides à installer et/ou requièrent la mise en oeuvre d'un nombre plus limité d'ancrages. Cependant, de tels supports présentent l'inconvénient de nécessiter des pièces mécano-soudées relativement lourdes et coûteuses. Ainsi, avec ce type de barrières, les économies d'ancrages peuvent être, dans certains cas défavorables, en partie compensées par un surcoût des composants du support.There are also barriers whose supports are faster to install and / or require the implementation of a more limited number of anchors. However, such supports have the disadvantage of requiring relatively heavy and expensive welded parts. Thus, with this type of barriers, anchorage savings can be, in some cases unfavorable, partially offset by an additional cost of the components of the support.

Le document FR 1 108 583 décrit une barrière de protection contre les avalanches dans laquelle le pied du mât est fixé sur une plaque d'appui reposant sur le sol. A chaque mât est fixé :

  • un tirant supérieur rigide dont l'extrémité amont est ancrée au sol et dont l'extrémité aval est fixée en partie supérieure du mât ;
  • et, dans certaines réalisations, un tirant inférieur dont l'extrémité amont est ancrée au sol et dont l'extrémité aval est fixée à la plaque d'appui.
The document FR 1 108 583 describes an avalanche protection barrier in which the foot of the mast is fixed on a support plate resting on the ground. At each mast is fixed:
  • a rigid upper tie whose upstream end is anchored to the ground and whose downstream end is fixed in the upper part of the mast;
  • and, in some embodiments, a lower tie whose upstream end is anchored to the ground and whose downstream end is fixed to the support plate.

Ainsi, ce document prévoit d'empêcher le déplacement de la tête et du pied du mât par rapport au sol, tant au repos que lors d'une sollicitation.Thus, this document provides for preventing movement of the head and foot of the mast relative to the ground, both at rest and during a solicitation.

Une telle barrière peut donner satisfaction dans l'application paravalanche, en empêchant la neige de commencer à glisser dans la pente : le mouvement du manteau neigeux est bloqué avant qu'il n'aie le temps de prendre de la vitesse et de déclencher une avalanche.Such a barrier can be satisfactory in the avalanche application, preventing the snow from starting to slide down the slope: the movement of the snowpack is blocked before it has time to gain speed and trigger an avalanche .

Toutefois, ce type de barrière ne permet généralement pas d'assurer une protection satisfaisante dans tous les cas, en particulier pour retenir des blocs dévalant un terrain en pente. Ainsi, l'utilisation d'une telle barrière est limitée à des pare-pierres de petites dimensions, où le filet suffit à assurer la dissipation de l'énergie cinétique du bloc, cette barrière n'offrant pas un niveau de sécurité suffisant lorsque les sollicitations potentielles sont élevées.However, this type of barrier generally does not provide satisfactory protection in all cases, especially to retain blocks downhill slope. Thus, the use of such a barrier is limited to small stone barriers, where the net is sufficient to ensure the dissipation of kinetic energy of the block, this barrier does not provide a sufficient level of safety when the potential solicitations are high.

L'invention vise à remédier aux inconvénients précités de l'art antérieur.The invention aims to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art.

A cet effet, et selon un premier aspect, l'invention concerne un support destiné à être fixé sur un terrain pour la réalisation d'une barrière de protection apte à retenir un objet en mouvement par rapport audit terrain, le support comprenant :

  • un mât qui comporte un pied apte à reposer sur le terrain et une tête et qui, en position montée du support sur le terrain, est sensiblement orthogonal au terrain ;
  • un élément de maintien inférieur sensiblement perpendiculaire au mât, présentant une extrémité amont destinée à être fixée au terrain et une partie extrême aval montée sur le pied du mât ;
  • des premiers moyens de limitation pour limiter le déplacement du pied du mât vers l'aval par rapport au terrain, en position montée ;
  • un élément de maintien supérieur rigide disposé en oblique par rapport au mât, présentant une extrémité amont destinée à être fixée au terrain et une partie extrême aval montée sur la tête du mât ;
  • des seconds moyens de limitation pour limiter le déplacement de la tête du mât par rapport au terrain, vers l'aval et vers l'amont, en position montée.
For this purpose, and according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a support intended to be fixed on a ground for the realization of a protective barrier adapted to retain an object in movement with respect to said ground, the support comprising:
  • a mast which has a foot adapted to rest on the ground and a head and which, in the mounted position of the support on the ground, is substantially orthogonal to the ground;
  • a lower holding member substantially perpendicular to the mast, having an upstream end intended to be fixed to the ground and a downstream end portion mounted on the foot of the mast;
  • first limiting means for limiting the movement of the foot of the mast downstream relative to the ground, in the mounted position;
  • a rigid upper holding member disposed obliquely with respect to the mast, having an upstream end intended to be fixed to the ground and a downstream end portion mounted on the head of the mast;
  • second limiting means for limiting the displacement of the mast head relative to the ground, downstream and upstream, in the mounted position.

Selon l'invention, les premiers moyens de limitation et les seconds moyens de limitation comprennent respectivement un premier et un second dispositifs de freinage, les dispositifs de freinage étant conçus pour empêcher le déplacement du mât vers l'aval au repos, et pour freiner le déplacement du mât vers l'aval sous l'effet d'une sollicitation exercée sur le mât, en position montée. De plus, les premier et second dispositifs de freinage sont distincts et agencés pour que le déplacement freiné du mât vers l'aval, en position montée et sous l'effet d'une sollicitation exercée sur le mât, se fasse sensiblement selon une translation parallèle au terrain, sans modification de l'inclinaison du mât par rapport au terrain.According to the invention, the first limiting means and the second limiting means comprise respectively a first and a second braking device, the braking devices being designed to prevent movement of the mast downstream at rest, and to brake the movement of the mast downstream under the effect of a bias exerted on the mast, in the mounted position. In addition, the first and second braking devices are separate and arranged so that the braked displacement of the mast downstream, in the mounted position and under the effect of a bias exerted on the mast, is substantially in parallel translation in the field, without modifying the inclination of the mast with respect to the ground.

Les termes « amont » et « aval » s'entendent par rapport à la trajectoire de déplacement de l'objet. En particulier, dans le cas d'une barrière apte à retenir des blocs dévalant un terrain en pente, les termes amont et aval sont employés en référence à la ligne de pente du terrain.The terms "upstream" and "downstream" refer to the path of movement of the object. In particular, in the case of a barrier capable of retaining blocks running down a slope, the upstream and downstream terms are used with reference to the slope line of the ground.

Du fait de la rigidité de l'élément de maintien supérieur et de la présence des seconds moyens de limitation, le support selon l'invention peut être dépourvu de hauban aval, ce qui limite à la fois le nombre d'ancrages au sol nécessaires et le temps de montage requis sur site. Ces avantages ne sont pas obtenus au détriment de la simplicité de la structure du support, puisque celui-ci comprend pour l'essentiel seulement trois pièces, à savoir le mât et les éléments de maintien inférieur et supérieur.Due to the rigidity of the upper holding member and the presence of the second limiting means, the support according to the invention may be devoid of downstream stay, which limits both the number of ground anchors required and the required assembly time on site. These advantages are not obtained at the expense of the simplicity of the support structure, since it essentially comprises only three parts, namely the mast and the lower and upper holding elements.

Les premiers et seconds moyens de limitation visent à limiter le déplacement du mât par rapport au terrain, c'est-à-dire concrètement par rapport à l'élément de maintien correspondant, ou par rapport à l'ancrage de cet élément de maintien.The first and second limiting means are intended to limit the movement of the mast relative to the terrain, that is to say concretely with respect to the corresponding holding element, or with respect to the anchoring of this holding element.

Le terme « limitation » s'entend au sens de : restreindre en imposant des limites. De façon concrète, selon l'invention, le déplacement du mât est bloqué au repos (c'est-à-dire à l'état non contraint, en l'absence d'impact de pierre ou de poussée de la neige), et freiné lors d'une sollicitation, c'est-à-dire restreint dans sa vitesse et dans sa course.The term "limitation" has the meaning of: restricting by imposing limits. In practice, according to the invention, the movement of the mast is blocked at rest (that is to say in the unconstrained state, in the absence of rock impact or snow thrust), and braked during a solicitation, that is to say restricted in its speed and in its race.

Plus précisément, les premiers moyens de limitation visent à freiner le glissement du pied du mât lors d'une sollicitation, et à empêcher ce glissement au repos dans la réalisation préférée selon laquelle le pied du mât repose sur le sol sans y être ancré, et si le terrain est en pente.More specifically, the first limiting means are intended to slow the sliding of the foot of the mast during a load, and to prevent this sliding at rest in the preferred embodiment according to which the foot of the mast rests on the ground without being anchored, and if the terrain is sloping.

Quant aux seconds moyens de limitation, ils visent à empêcher le déplacement de la tête du mât vers l'aval au repos - lorsque le terrain est en pente - et à freiner ce déplacement lors d'une sollicitation. La limitation du déplacement vers l'amont n'est pas nécessaire au repos sur un terrain en pente, du fait de l'inclinaison du mât disposé sensiblement selon la normale au terrain. En revanche, la limitation du déplacement vers l'amont est indispensable en cas de sollicitation, du fait de l'absence de haubans aval.As for the second means of limitation, they are intended to prevent movement of the mast head downstream at rest - when the terrain is sloping - and to curb this movement during a solicitation. The limitation of the upstream movement is not necessary to rest on a sloping ground, because of the inclination of the mast disposed substantially according to the normal terrain. On the other hand, the limitation of the upstream movement is essential in case of stress, because of the absence of downstream stays.

En pratique, le support peut être sensiblement situé dans un plan vertical, en position montée, c'est-à-dire lorsqu'il est fixé sur un terrain. L'élément de maintien inférieur suit alors sensiblement la ligne de pente du terrain, en étant donc sensiblement perpendiculaire au mât. Quant à l'élément de maintien supérieur, il est disposé en oblique, c'est-à-dire qu'il forme avec le mât un angle α ni droit ni nul, par exemple compris entre 10° et 80°, et pouvant typiquement être compris entre 20° et 40°, par exemple de l'ordre de 30°.In practice, the support may be substantially located in a vertical plane, in the mounted position, that is to say when it is fixed on a ground. The lower holding member then substantially follows the slope line of the ground, thus being substantially perpendicular to the mast. As for the upper holding member, it is arranged obliquely, that is to say that it forms with the mast an angle α neither straight nor zero, for example between 10 ° and 80 °, and can typically be between 20 ° and 40 °, for example of the order of 30 °.

Grâce à l'invention, le déplacement du mât vers l'aval est possible (lors d'une sollicitation), mais limité par les dispositifs de freinage qui permettent de dissiper de l'énergie.Thanks to the invention, the movement of the mast downstream is possible (during a load), but limited by the braking devices that allow to dissipate energy.

Les dispositifs de freinage peuvent comprendre différents moyens élastiques, plastiques ou élasto-plastiques. La dissipation d'énergie cinétique peut par exemple être obtenue par déformation ou déchirement de matière. Les dispositifs de freinage peuvent être distincts ou former un seul et unique dispositif de freinage.The braking devices can comprise various elastic, plastic or elasto-plastic means. The kinetic energy dissipation can for example be obtained by deformation or tearing of material. The braking devices may be separate or form a single braking device.

L'un ou les deux dispositifs de freinage peuvent être disposés entre l'ancrage - ou l'élément de connexion - et les éléments de maintien inférieur et supérieur. En variante, on peut prévoir que le premier dispositif de freinage coopère avec le pied du mât et l'élément de maintien inférieur, et/ou que le second dispositif de freinage coopère avec la tête du mât et l'élément de maintien supérieur. De préférence, la disposition des dispositifs de freinage est symétrique, ceux-ci étant donc situés tous les deux en amont, au voisinage de l'ancrage ou en aval, au voisinage du mât.One or both of the braking devices may be disposed between the anchor - or the connecting member - and the lower and upper holding members. Alternatively, it can be provided that the first braking device cooperates with the foot of the mast and the lower holding member, and / or that the second braking device cooperates with the head of the mast and the upper holding member. Preferably, the arrangement of the braking devices is symmetrical, they are therefore located both upstream, in the vicinity of the anchor or downstream, in the vicinity of the mast.

De plus, les premier et second dispositifs de freinage sont distincts et agencés pour que le déplacement freiné du mât vers l'aval, en position montée et sous l'effet d'une sollicitation exercée sur le mât, se fasse sensiblement selon une translation parallèle au terrain, sans modification de l'inclinaison du mât par rapport au terrain. De façon concrète, ceci peut être obtenu en définissant de façon appropriée la course des dispositifs de freinage et leur tarage. Cette disposition vise à maintenir la hauteur résiduelle du filet fixé entre deux supports adjacents après l'impact d'un bloc.In addition, the first and second braking devices are separate and arranged so that the braked displacement of the mast downstream, in the mounted position and under the effect of a bias exerted on the mast, is substantially in parallel translation in the field, without modifying the inclination of the mast with respect to the ground. In concrete terms, this can be achieved by appropriately defining the stroke of the braking devices and their calibration. This arrangement aims to maintain the residual height of the net attached between two adjacent supports after the impact of a block.

Il peut être prévu que le support comprenne un moyen de liaison entre la tête du mât et l'élément de maintien supérieur, ledit moyen de liaison étant conçu pour permettre le pivotement du mât par rapport à l'élément de maintien supérieur autour d'un axe sensiblement transversal, lorsque le mât se déplace vers l'aval par rapport au terrain, en position montée.It may be provided that the support comprises a connecting means between the mast head and the upper holding member, said connecting means being designed to allow the mast to pivot relative to the upper holding member around a substantially transverse axis, when the mast moves downstream relative to the ground, in the mounted position.

Ce moyen de liaison peut être un simple trou oblong autorisant une certaine rotation de la tête du mât par rapport à l'élément de maintien supérieur. En variante, ce moyen de liaison peut comporter une chape articulée sur la tête du mât selon un axe sensiblement transversal, et montée coulissante sur l'élément de maintien supérieur le long de l'axe de celui-ci.This connecting means may be a simple oblong hole allowing some rotation of the head of the mast relative to the upper holding member. In a variant, this connecting means may comprise a clevis articulated on the head of the mast along a substantially transverse axis, and slidably mounted on the upper holding element along the axis thereof.

Selon une réalisation possible, les éléments de maintien inférieur et supérieur s'étendent vers l'aval au-delà du pied, respectivement de la tête, du mât, et :

  • le premier dispositif de freinage est agencé entre le pied du mât et l'extrémité aval de l'élément de maintien inférieur ;
  • et/ou le second dispositif de freinage est agencé entre la tête du mât, ou le moyen de liaison, et l'extrémité aval de l'élément de maintien supérieur.
According to one possible embodiment, the lower and upper holding elements extend downstream beyond the foot, respectively of the head, of the mast, and:
  • the first braking device is arranged between the foot of the mast and the downstream end of the lower holding member;
  • and / or the second braking device is arranged between the mast head, or the connecting means, and the downstream end of the upper holding member.

Lorsque l'élément de maintien inférieur et l'élément de maintien supérieur se présentent sous la forme d'une barre rigide, chacun des dispositifs de freinage peut comprendre un manchon entourant ladite barre et disposé entre le pied, respectivement la tête, du mât et l'extrémité aval de la barre, le manchon étant conçu pour pouvoir être comprimé - de façon plastique ou élastique - entre le mât et l'extrémité aval de la barre afin de freiner le déplacement du mât vers l'aval par rapport aux éléments de maintien inférieur et supérieur.When the lower holding member and the upper holding member are in the form of a rigid bar, each of the devices brake may comprise a sleeve surrounding said bar and disposed between the foot, respectively the head, of the mast and the downstream end of the bar, the sleeve being designed to be compressed - plastic or elastic - between the mast and the mast. downstream end of the bar to curb the movement of the mast downstream relative to the lower and upper holding elements.

L'élément de maintien inférieur peut comporter un hauban ou, à l'inverse, être rigide.The lower holding member may comprise a stay or, conversely, be rigid.

Selon une réalisation possible, l'élément de maintien inférieur et/ou l'élément de maintien supérieur se présente(nt) sous la forme d'une barre rigide.In one possible embodiment, the lower holding member and / or the upper holding member is in the form of a rigid bar.

On peut prévoir que l'extrémité amont de l'élément de maintien inférieur et l'extrémité amont de l'élément de maintien supérieur soient fixées à un même élément de connexion destiné à être ancré dans le terrain. L'avantage d'une telle configuration est qu'un seul ancrage est nécessaire pour la fixation du support au terrain. Un dispositif de freinage pourrait être interposé entre l'élément de connexion et l'élément de maintien supérieur et/ou inférieur.It can be provided that the upstream end of the lower holding member and the upstream end of the upper holding member are fixed to the same connection element intended to be anchored in the ground. The advantage of such a configuration is that only one anchor is necessary for fixing the support to the ground. A braking device could be interposed between the connection element and the upper and / or lower holding element.

L'élément de connexion peut par exemple comporter un anneau d'axe transversal (c'est-à-dire sensiblement orthogonal au mât et à l'élément de maintien inférieur). Il s'agit d'un moyen très simple pour relier les éléments de maintien supérieur et inférieur entre eux et à l'ancrage. De plus, une telle structure en anneau permet de dissiper un peu d'énergie.The connection element may for example comprise a transverse axis ring (that is to say substantially orthogonal to the mast and the lower holding element). This is a very simple way to connect the upper and lower holding elements to each other and to the anchorage. In addition, such a ring structure can dissipate a little energy.

Avantageusement, le pied du mât peut comprendre une embase apte à permettre au support de reposer de façon sensiblement stable sur le terrain avant la fixation du support sur le terrain. De ce fait, le support selon l'invention peut être pré-assemblé en usine, et son installation est plus aisée du fait de son auto-stabilité. Par exemple, l'embase peut comporter une portion de tube transversal.Advantageously, the foot of the mast may comprise a base adapted to allow the support to rest substantially stable on the ground before fixing the support on the ground. Therefore, the support according to the invention can be pre-assembled at the factory, and its installation is easier because of its self-stability. For example, the base may comprise a transverse tube portion.

Selon un deuxième aspect, l'invention concerne une barrière de protection destinée à être montée sur un terrain afin de pouvoir retenir un objet en mouvement par rapport audit terrain, la barrière comprenant, en position montée :

  • au moins deux supports fixés sur le terrain, au moins l'un des supports étant tel que précédemment décrit ;
  • un filet - ou équivalent - fixé entre chaque paire de deux supports adjacents, de façon sensiblement tendue à l'état non contraint, de façon à s'étendre sensiblement transversalement à la trajectoire de l'objet.
According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a protective barrier intended to be mounted on a terrain in order to be able to retain an object moving relative to said terrain, the barrier comprising, in mounted position:
  • at least two supports fixed in the field, at least one of the supports being as previously described;
  • a net - or equivalent - fixed between each pair of two adjacent supports, substantially stretched in the unconstrained state, so as to extend substantially transversely to the trajectory of the object.

On décrit à présent, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, plusieurs modes de réalisation possibles de l'invention, en référence aux figures annexées :

  • La figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'une barrière comportant plusieurs supports selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, à l'état non contraint ;
  • La figure 2 est une vue de détail en perspective de la barrière de la figure 1, montrant un unique support ;
  • La figure 3 est une vue latérale du support de la figure 2 ;
  • Les figures 4 à 6 sont des vues en perspective de la barrière de la figure 1, montrant respectivement un unique support dans son ensemble, un détail du support au voisinage du pied du mât, et un détail du support au voisinage de la tête du mât, à l'état non contraint ;
  • Les figures 7 à 9 sont des vues similaires aux figures 4 à 6, respectivement, suite à une sollicitation ;
  • Les figures 10 à 12 sont des vues en perspectives d'un support, selon une autre réalisation qui ne fait pas partie de l'invention, respectivement dans son ensemble, en détail au voisinage du pied du mât, et en détail au voisinage de la tête du mât.
Several possible embodiments of the invention are now described by way of nonlimiting examples, with reference to the appended figures:
  • The figure 1 is a perspective view of a barrier comprising a plurality of supports according to one embodiment of the invention, in the unconstrained state;
  • The figure 2 is a detailed perspective view of the barrier of the figure 1 , showing a single support;
  • The figure 3 is a side view of the support of the figure 2 ;
  • The Figures 4 to 6 are perspective views of the barrier of the figure 1 , respectively showing a single support as a whole, a detail of the support in the vicinity of the foot of the mast, and a detail of the support in the vicinity of the head of the mast, in the unstressed state;
  • The Figures 7 to 9 are similar views to Figures 4 to 6 , respectively, following a solicitation;
  • The Figures 10 to 12 are perspective views of a support, according to another embodiment which does not form part of the invention, respectively as a whole, in detail in the vicinity of the foot of the mast, and in detail in the vicinity of the mast head.

La description qui suit est effectuée dans le cas d'une barrière installée sur un terrain en pente, étant précisé que cette application n'est pas limitative. La barrière pourrait également être installée sur un terrain sensiblement horizontal, autour d'une installation ou d'une machine par exemple.The following description is made in the case of a barrier installed on sloping ground, it being specified that this application is not limiting. The barrier could also be installed on a substantially horizontal ground, around an installation or a machine for example.

Comme illustré sur les figures, une barrière 1 selon l'invention est destinée à être montée sur un terrain 2 en pente afin de pouvoir retenir des blocs dévalant ledit terrain et dissiper leur énergie cinétique, ou de limiter la reptation d'un manteau neigeux.As illustrated in the figures, a barrier 1 according to the invention is intended to be mounted on a slope 2 in order to be able to retain blocks downstream of said terrain and dissipate their kinetic energy, or to limit the crawling of a snowpack.

On définit par rapport au terrain le repère (X, Y, Z) où X est la direction suivant la ligne de pente, sensiblement parallèle au terrain, Y est la direction transversale et Z la normale au terrain, Z n'étant donc pas verticale. Les termes « amont » et « aval » sont employés en référence à la direction X ; le terme « latéral » est employé en référence à la direction Y.The reference (X, Y, Z) is defined with respect to the terrain, where X is the direction along the slope line, substantially parallel to the terrain, Y is the transverse direction and Z is the normal terrain, Z is therefore not vertical. . The terms "upstream" and "downstream" are used with reference to the X direction; the term "lateral" is used with reference to direction Y.

La barrière 1 comprend une pluralité de supports 3 fixés sur le terrain 2, de préférence à intervalles sensiblement réguliers et le long d'une courbe de niveau.The barrier 1 comprises a plurality of supports 3 fixed on the ground 2, preferably at substantially regular intervals and along a contour line.

Entre chaque paire de deux supports 3 adjacents est fixé un filet 4, ou autre moyen équivalent. Le filet 4 est de préférence monté entre un câble de rive supérieur 5 et un câble de rive inférieur 6, les câbles de rive latéraux étant optionnels. Les câbles de rive 5, 6 peuvent être fractionnés et modulaires ou au contraire filants sur toute la longueur de la barrière 1. Le filet 4 peut par exemple être un filet de câbles ou un filet anti sous-marin. Un filet anti sous-marin, constitué de l'assemblage d'anneaux en câble monotoron, présente une très grande résistance et une capacité de déformation et de dissipation d'énergie importante.Between each pair of two adjacent supports 3 is fixed a thread 4, or other equivalent means. The net 4 is preferably mounted between an upper rim wire 5 and a lower rim wire 6, the side edge ropes being optional. The edge cables 5, 6 can be fractional and modular or, on the contrary, run over the entire length of the barrier 1. The net 4 can for example be a cable net or an underwater net. An anti submarine net, consisting of the assembly of monotoron cable rings, has a very high resistance and a capacity for deformation and significant energy dissipation.

Comme on le voit notamment sur la figure 1, à l'état non contraint, c'est-à-dire en l'absence d'impact de bloc, le filet 4 est fixé de façon sensiblement tendue entre les supports 3 et s'étend sensiblement transversalement à la ligne de pente X, c'est-à-dire dans un plan (Y,Z).As we see in particular on the figure 1 , in the unconstrained state, that is to say in the absence of block impact, the thread 4 is fixed substantially tensioned between the supports 3 and extends substantially transversely to the slope line X , that is to say in a plane (Y, Z).

La barrière 1 présente ainsi une structure modulaire répétitive, avec des largeurs de module, c'est-à-dire une distance entre deux supports 3 adjacents, qui peut être de l'ordre de 10 à 20 m.The barrier 1 thus has a repetitive modular structure, with module widths, that is to say a distance between two adjacent supports 3, which can be of the order of 10 to 20 m.

De plus, La barrière 1 peut comporter un système de haubanage latéral (non représenté), à savoir un système de haubanage latéral gauche et un système de haubanage latéral droit respectivement pour le support 3 situé à l'extrémité latérale gauche de la barrière et pour le support 3 situé à l'extrémité latérale droite de la barrière. Les autres supports sont dépourvus de tels systèmes de haubanage latéral. Chaque système de haubanage latéral permet de relier le support 3 à un ancrage latéral correspondant. La dimension et la technique de réalisation des ancrages dépendent de la nature du terrain 2.In addition, the barrier 1 may comprise a lateral guying system (not shown), namely a left lateral guying system and a right lateral guying system respectively for the support 3 located at the left-hand end of the barrier and for the support 3 located at the right-hand end of the barrier. The other supports do not have such lateral guying systems. Each lateral guying system makes it possible to connect the support 3 to a corresponding lateral anchorage. The dimension and the technique of realization of the anchors depend on the nature of the ground 2.

Le support 3 comprend un mât 10 qui comporte un pied 11, auquel sont fixés les câbles de rive inférieurs 6, et une tête 12, à laquelle sont fixés les câbles de rive supérieurs 5. Typiquement, le mât 10 peut être formé pour l'essentiel d'un tube métallique.The support 3 comprises a mast 10 which comprises a foot 11, to which the lower rim cables 6 are attached, and a head 12, to which the upper rim cables 5 are attached. Typically, the mast 10 may be formed for the essential of a metal tube.

Le pied 11 du mât 10 est agencé pour pouvoir reposer sur le terrain 2. A cet effet, il peut comporter une embase 13 apte à permettre au support 3 de reposer de façon sensiblement stable sur le terrain 2 avant la fixation du support 3 sur le terrain 2. Dans la réalisation représentée, l'embase 13 est formée d'un tronçon de tube métallique s'étendant transversalement de part et d'autre du mât 10, sur une longueur suffisante pour conférer cette auto-stabilité au support 3. La partie inférieure du mât 10 peut être insérée et fixée dans un orifice ménagé sur la partie supérieure de l'embase 13. On peut prévoir que le ou les câbles de rive inférieurs 6 passent dans l'embase 13 pour venir se fixer à la partie inférieure du mât 10, comme représenté sur la figure 5.The foot 11 of the mast 10 is arranged to be able to rest on the ground 2. For this purpose, it may comprise a base 13 adapted to allow the support 3 to rest substantially stable on the ground 2 before the fixing of the support 3 on the 2. In the embodiment shown, the base 13 is formed of a stretch of metal tube extending transversely on either side of the mast 10, over a length sufficient to give this self-stability to the support 3. The lower part of the mast 10 can be inserted and fixed in an orifice formed on the upper part of the base 13. Provision can be made for the lower rim cable (s) 6 to pass through the base (13) to be fixed to the lower part of the mast (10), as shown in FIG. figure 5 .

Le support 3 comprend en outre un élément de maintien inférieur 14 qui, dans la réalisation illustrée, se présente sous la forme d'une barre rigide, typiquement métallique. Il peut s'agir d'une barre crénelée et vissable en acier HA (haute adhérence), par exemple identique à celles utilisées pour les ancrages (barres type GEWI®). Ces barres ont l'avantage d'être très performantes et économiques car très largement utilisées dans ces applications, et de permettre un réglage micrométrique de leur longueur.The support 3 further comprises a lower holding member 14 which, in the illustrated embodiment, is in the form of a rigid bar, typically metallic. It can be a crenelated and screwable HA bar (high adhesion), for example identical to those used for anchors (GEWI® type bars). These bars have the advantage of being very efficient and economical because very widely used in these applications, and to allow a micrometric adjustment of their length.

L'élément de maintien inférieur 14 est disposé sensiblement perpendiculairement au mât 10. Il possède une extrémité amont 15 destinée à être fixée au terrain 2 et peut s'étendre, vers l'aval, au-delà du pied 11 du mât 10, jusqu'à son extrémité aval 16. La partie extrême aval de l'élément de maintien inférieur 14 est montée sur le pied 11 du mât 10. Cette partie extrême aval peut passer à travers le pied 11 avec une possibilité de coulissement qui est cependant bloquée comme expliqué ci-après.The lower holding member 14 is disposed substantially perpendicular to the mast 10. It has an upstream end 15 intended to be fixed to the ground 2 and can extend, downstream, beyond the foot 11 of the mast 10, until at its downstream end 16. The downstream end portion of the lower holding member 14 is mounted on the foot 11 of the mast 10. This downstream end portion can pass through the foot 11 with a sliding possibility which is however blocked as explained below.

L'élément de maintien inférieur 14 a pour fonction de limiter (c'est-à-dire de bloquer ou de contrôler, selon différents modes de réalisation) le glissement du pied 11 du mât 10 sur le terrain 2.The lower holding member 14 serves to limit (that is to say to block or control, according to different embodiments) the sliding of the foot 11 of the mast 10 on the ground 2.

En l'absence de sollicitation, le mât 10 peut être maintenu en position par rapport à l'élément de maintien inférieur 14 par :

  • une butée aval 17, pouvant par exemple comporter une rondelle engagée sur l'élément de maintien inférieur 14 ;
  • et une butée amont 18, pouvant être un écrou dans le cas où l'élément de maintien inférieur est une barre crénelée et vissable, couplé éventuellement à une rondelle amont 19 comme illustré sur la figure 12.
In the absence of bias, the mast 10 can be held in position relative to the lower holding member 14 by:
  • a downstream stop 17, which may for example comprise a washer engaged on the lower holding member 14;
  • and an upstream stop 18, which may be a nut in the case where the lower holding element is a crenellated and screwable bar, possibly coupled to an upstream washer 19 as illustrated in FIG. figure 12 .

Les deux butées 17, 18 sont disposées de part et d'autre de l'embase 13 et sensiblement en contact avec celle-ci.The two stops 17, 18 are disposed on either side of the base 13 and substantially in contact therewith.

Le support 3 comprend également un élément de maintien supérieur 20 qui est rigide. Dans la réalisation illustrée, l'élément de maintien supérieur 20 se présente sous la forme d'une barre rigide, typiquement métallique. Il peut s'agir d'une barre crénelée et vissable comme exposé ci-dessus.The support 3 also comprises an upper holding member 20 which is rigid. In the illustrated embodiment, the upper holding member 20 is in the form of a rigid bar, typically metallic. It may be a crenellated bar and screw as discussed above.

L'élément de maintien supérieur 20 est disposé en oblique par rapport au mât 10. Il est incliné par rapport au mât 10 d'un angle α pouvant être compris entre 20° et 40°, par exemple de l'ordre de 30°. L'élément de maintien supérieur 20 possède une extrémité amont 21 destinée à être fixée au terrain 2 et une extrémité aval 22, la partie extrême aval de l'élément de maintien supérieur 20 étant montée sur la tête 12 du mât 10.The upper holding member 20 is disposed obliquely with respect to the mast 10. It is inclined relative to the mast 10 by an angle α which can be between 20 ° and 40 °, for example of the order of 30 °. The upper holding element 20 has an upstream end 21 intended to be fixed to the ground 2 and a downstream end 22, the downstream end portion of the upper holding element 20 being mounted on the head 12 of the mast 10.

L'élément de maintien supérieur 20 joue le même rôle qu'un hauban amont mais sa rigidité - en particulier sa résistance au flambement-est suffisante pour supporter une compression modérée pouvant être générée par un petit appui sur le filet 4, par le poids propre de ce dernier ou par un effet de rebond. Il en résulte que le support 3 est dépourvu de hauban aval.The upper holding element 20 plays the same role as an upstream stay but its rigidity - in particular its resistance to buckling - is sufficient to support a moderate compression that can be generated by a small support on the net 4, by the self weight of the latter or by a rebound effect. As a result, the support 3 is devoid of downstream stay.

Selon un mode de réalisation illustré sur les figures 1 à 9, l'élément de maintien supérieur 20 s'étend, vers l'aval, au-delà de la tête 12 du mât 10. Il est monté sur la tête 12 du mât 10 par un moyen de liaison se présentant par exemple sous la forme d'une chape 23. Celle-ci est d'une part articulée sur la tête 12 du mât 10, autour d'un axe 24 sensiblement transversal, et d'autre part montée coulissante autour de l'extrémité amont 21 de l'élément de maintien supérieur 20, le long de l'axe de ce dernier.According to an embodiment illustrated on the Figures 1 to 9 , the upper holding member 20 extends downstream beyond the head 12 of the mast 10. It is mounted on the head 12 of the mast 10 by a connecting means, for example in the form of a clevis 23. This is articulated on the head 12 of the mast 10, about a substantially transverse axis 24, and on the other hand slidably mounted around the upstream end 21 of the element upper support 20, along the axis of the latter.

En l'absence de sollicitation, le mât 10 peut être maintenu en position par rapport à l'élément de maintien supérieur 20 par :

  • une butée aval 25, pouvant par exemple comporter une rondelle engagée sur l'élément de maintien supérieur 20 ;
  • et une butée amont 26, pouvant être un écrou couplé à une rondelle amont dans le cas où l'élément de maintien supérieur est une barre crénelée et vissable.
In the absence of bias, the mast 10 can be held in position relative to the upper holding member 20 by:
  • a downstream stop 25, which may for example comprise a washer engaged on the upper holding member 20;
  • and an upstream stop 26, which can be a nut coupled to an upstream washer in the case where the upper holding member is a crenelated bar and screwable.

Les deux butées 25, 26 sont disposées de part et d'autre de la chape 23 et sensiblement en contact avec celle-ci.The two stops 25, 26 are disposed on either side of the yoke 23 and substantially in contact therewith.

Comme on le voit notamment sur les figures 1 à 3, l'extrémité amont 15 de l'élément de maintien inférieur 14 et l'extrémité amont 21 de l'élément de maintien supérieur 20 sont fixées à un même élément de connexion 28 destiné à être ancré dans le terrain 2. Cet élément de connexion 28 peut se présenter sous la forme d'un anneau d'axe 29 transversal.As we see in particular on Figures 1 to 3 , the upstream end 15 of the lower holding member 14 and the upstream end 21 of the upper holding member 20 are fixed to the same connecting element 28 intended to be anchored in the ground 2. This connecting element 28 may be in the form of a ring 29 axis transverse.

La fixation des éléments de maintien 14, 20 à l'anneau 28 peut se faire via un écrou vissé à l'extrémité amont de ces éléments de maintien, lorsque ceux-ci sont constitués d'une barre crénelée et vissable. Un contre-écrou (non représenté) peut également être placé sur chacun des éléments de maintien 14, 20, à proximité de l'anneau 28. La fonction de ces contre-écrous est d'éviter, lors de l'effet de rebond qui suit un impact, que l'élément de maintien concerné ne se déplace vers l'amont de quelques centimètres.Fixing the holding elements 14, 20 to the ring 28 can be done via a nut screwed to the upstream end of these holding elements, when they consist of a crenelated bar and screwable. A counter-nut (not shown) can also be placed on each of the holding elements 14, 20, close to the ring 28. The function of these lock-nuts is to avoid, during the rebound effect which follows an impact, that the holding element concerned does not move upstream by a few centimeters.

L'anneau 28 est ancré dans le terrain, par exemple au moyen d'une tige filetée 30 fixée à l'anneau 28 au moyen d'un écrou et scellée dans le terrain 2 à une profondeur suffisante (par exemple de l'ordre de 3 à 4 m). D'autres solutions d'ancrage peuvent être mises en oeuvre selon la nature du terrain 2.The ring 28 is anchored in the ground, for example by means of a threaded rod 30 fixed to the ring 28 by means of a nut and sealed in the ground 2 to a sufficient depth (for example of the order of 3 to 4 m). Other anchoring solutions can be implemented depending on the nature of the terrain 2.

En pratique, le support 3 est conçu pour être pré-assemblé en terrain facile avant d'être gruté ou héliporté sur son point d'ancrage. Lors de ce déplacement, les principaux éléments constitutifs du support 3 - à savoir le mât 10 et les éléments de maintien inférieur 14 et supérieur 20 - ne bougent pas les uns par rapport aux autres, en particulier du fait des moyens de limitation vers l'aval et vers l'amont. Il est à noter que la butée amont 18 est surtout utile lors d'un tel déplacement préalable à l'installation du support 3 sur le terrain. En effet, en fonctionnement, la butée 18 n'est généralement pas utile en pratique car le pied 11 du mât 10 n'a pas tendance à se déplacer vers l'amont lors d'une sollicitation.In practice, the support 3 is designed to be pre-assembled in easy terrain before being cranked or heliborted on its anchor point. During this movement, the main components of the support 3 - namely the mast 10 and the lower holding members 14 and upper 20 - do not move relative to each other, in particular because of the limitation means to the downstream and upstream. It should be noted that the upstream stop 18 is especially useful during such a displacement prior to the installation of the support 3 in the field. Indeed, in operation, the stop 18 is generally not useful in practice because the foot 11 of the mast 10 does not tend to move upstream during a solicitation.

La forme de l'embase 13 permet au support 3 de rester érigé avant la pose des câbles de rive 5, 6 et des haubans latéraux.The shape of the base 13 allows the support 3 to remain erected before the laying of the side ropes 5, 6 and side stays.

En position montée du support 3 sur le terrain 2, le mât 10 est sensiblement orthogonal au terrain 2, l'élément de maintien inférieur 14 suit sensiblement la ligne de pente, et l'élément de maintien supérieur 20 est incliné d'un angle α, par rapport à la normale au sol, depuis son extrémité amont 21 en direction de son extrémité aval 22. Le support 3 s'étend sensiblement dans un plan (Y, Z). En outre, les filets 4 sont situés sensiblement dans le même plan que les mâts 10.In the mounted position of the support 3 on the ground 2, the mast 10 is substantially orthogonal to the ground 2, the lower holding member 14 substantially follows the slope line, and the upper holding member 20 is inclined at an angle α , relative to the normal ground, from its upstream end 21 towards its downstream end 22. The support 3 extends substantially in a plane (Y, Z). In addition, the threads 4 are located substantially in the same plane as the poles 10.

Selon un mode de réalisation, illustré sur les figures 1 à 9, le support 3 est conçu de telle sorte que :

  • au repos, le mât 10 ne peut pas se déplacer vers l'aval ;
  • et, sous l'effet d'une sollicitation telle qu'un impact de bloc dévalant le terrain 2 ou la poussée du manteau neigeux, le mât 10 peut se déplacer vers l'aval, mais ce déplacement est freiné.
According to one embodiment, illustrated on the Figures 1 to 9 , the support 3 is designed so that:
  • at rest, the mast 10 can not move downstream;
  • and, under the effect of a load such as a block impact down the terrain 2 or the snowpack thrust, the mast 10 can move downstream, but this movement is braked.

A cet effet, le support 3 peut comporter des dispositifs de freinage comportant un ou plusieurs éléments élastiques, plastiques ou élastoplastiques permettant un déplacement et/ou une rotation du mât 10. Ceci est en particulier utilisé pour des applications pare-pierres, où la barrière 1 est soumise à des sollicitations dynamiques.For this purpose, the support 3 may comprise braking devices comprising one or more elastic, plastic or elastoplastic elements allowing movement and / or rotation of the mast 10. This is in particular used for rockfall applications, where the barrier 1 is subject to dynamic demands.

Plus précisément, dans la réalisation représentée, le support 3 comporte :

  • un premier dispositif de freinage 31 agencé entre le pied 11 du mât 10 et l'extrémité aval 16 de l'élément de maintien inférieur 14 ;
  • et/ un second dispositif de freinage 32 agencé entre la chape 23 articulée sur la tête 12 du mât 10 et l'extrémité aval 22 de l'élément de maintien supérieur 20.
More specifically, in the embodiment shown, the support 3 comprises:
  • a first braking device 31 arranged between the foot 11 of the mast 10 and the downstream end 16 of the lower holding member 14;
  • and / a second braking device 32 arranged between the clevis 23 articulated on the head 12 of the mast 10 and the downstream end 22 of the upper holding element 20.

Dans la réalisation représentée, chacun des dispositifs de freinage 31, 32 comprend un manchon entourant la barre constituant l'élément de maintien inférieur 14 ou supérieur 20. Le manchon inférieur 31 est disposé entre le pied 11 du mât 10 et l'extrémité aval 16 de l'élément de maintien inférieur 14, et plus précisément entre la rondelle aval 17 et une butée d'extrémité 33 formée d'une rondelle et d'un écrou disposés au voisinage de l'extrémité aval 16 de l'élément de maintien inférieur 14. Le manchon supérieur 32 est disposé entre la tête 12 du mât 10 et l'extrémité aval 22 de l'élément de maintien supérieur 20, et plus précisément entre la rondelle aval 25 et une butée d'extrémité 34 formée d'une rondelle et d'un écrou disposés au voisinage de l'extrémité aval 22 de l'élément de maintien supérieur 20.In the embodiment shown, each of the braking devices 31, 32 comprises a sleeve surrounding the bar constituting the lower holding member 14 or upper 20. The lower sleeve 31 is disposed between the foot 11 of the mast 10 and the downstream end 16 of the lower holding member 14, and more precisely between the downstream washer 17 and an end stop 33 formed of a washer and a nut disposed in the vicinity of the downstream end 16 of the lower holding element 14. The upper sleeve 32 is disposed between the head 12 of the mast 10 and the downstream end 22 of the upper holding member 20, and more precisely between the downstream washer 25 and an end stop 34 formed by a washer. and a nut disposed in the vicinity of the downstream end 22 of the upper holding member 20.

Les manchons 31, 32 peuvent être constitués d'un tube métallique, par exemple en aluminium, apte à se déformer « en accordéon ». Ceci constitue un moyen très simple et économique de dissipation d'énergie.The sleeves 31, 32 may consist of a metal tube, for example aluminum, able to deform "accordion". This is a very simple and economical way of dissipating energy.

Le support 3 est fixé au terrain 2 uniquement au niveau des extrémités amont 15, 21 des éléments de maintien inférieur 14 et supérieur 20, ici par la tige filetée 30. Le mât 10, dont le pied 11 repose sur le terrain 2 sans y être fixé, est retenu en position par les éléments de maintien inférieur 14 et supérieur 20 fixés à la tige filetée 30, qui empêchent le mât 10 de glisser dans la pente, en l'absence de sollicitation.The support 3 is fixed to the ground 2 only at the upstream ends 15, 21 of the lower holding members 14 and upper 20, here by the threaded rod 30. The mast 10, whose foot 11 rests on the ground 2 without being there fixed, is retained in position by the lower holding members 14 and upper 20 fixed to the threaded rod 30, which prevent the mast 10 from sliding in the slope, in the absence of stress.

La butée aval 17 est en appui sur le premier dispositif de freinage 31, lui-même en appui sur la butée d'extrémité 33. Ces éléments forment des premiers moyens de limitation pour limiter le déplacement du pied 11 du mât 10 vers l'aval par rapport au terrain 2.The downstream abutment 17 is supported on the first braking device 31, itself bearing on the end stop 33. These elements form first limiting means for limiting the movement of the foot 11 of the mast 10 downstream. in relation to the terrain 2.

La butée aval 25 est en appui sur le second dispositif de freinage 32, lui-même en appui sur la butée d'extrémité 34. Ces éléments forment des seconds moyens de limitation pour limiter le déplacement de la tête 12 du mât 10 vers l'aval par rapport au terrain 2.The downstream abutment 25 bears against the second braking device 32, itself bearing on the end stop 34. These elements form second limiting means for limiting the movement of the head 12 of the mast 10 towards the end stop. downstream from the field 2.

Sous l'effet d'une sollicitation, comme l'impact d'une pierre sur un filet 4 ou sur un mât 10, le mât 10 du support 3 est soumis à une force tendant à l'entraîner vers l'aval. Si l'amplitude de la sollicitation est suffisante, le mât 10 va en effet se déplacer vers l'aval, ce mouvement étant freiné.Under the effect of a stress, such as the impact of a stone on a net 4 or on a mast 10, the mast 10 of the support 3 is subjected to a force tending to drag it downstream. If the amplitude of the bias is sufficient, the mast 10 will indeed move downstream, this movement being braked.

Plus précisément, le manchon 31 va être comprimé entre la butée 17 - coulissant vers l'aval sur l'élément de maintien inférieur 14 du fait de la poussée exercée par le mât 10 - et la butée d'extrémité 33. Et le manchon 32 va être comprimé entre la butée 25 - coulissant vers l'aval sur l'élément de maintien supérieur 20 du fait de la poussée exercée par le mât 10 via la chape 23 - et la butée d'extrémité 34. Par leur déformation, les manchons 31, 32 dissipent l'énergie cinétique de la pierre dévalant la pente et freinent ainsi le déplacement du mât 10 vers l'aval par rapport au terrain 2, et plus précisément par rapport aux éléments de maintien inférieur 14 et supérieur 20.More specifically, the sleeve 31 will be compressed between the stop 17 - sliding downstream on the lower holding member 14 due to the thrust exerted by the mast 10 - and the end stop 33. And the sleeve 32 will be compressed between the stop 25 - sliding downstream on the upper holding member 20 due to the thrust exerted by the mast 10 via the yoke 23 - and the end stop 34. By their deformation, the sleeves 31, 32 dissipate the kinetic energy of the stone running down the slope and thus slow down the movement of the mast 10 downstream relative to the terrain 2, and more precisely with respect to the lower holding members 14 and upper 20.

Les premier et second dispositifs de freinage 31, 32 (ici les manchons) sont agencés pour que ce déplacement freiné du mât 10 vers l'aval se fasse sensiblement selon une translation parallèle au terrain 2, sans modification de l'inclinaison du mât par rapport au terrain 2. Ceci permet de conserver la hauteur résiduelle de la barrière 1 après impact. Une hauteur résiduelle importante après impact est particulièrement importante pour respecter les exigences de la norme européenne ETAG 27 en sollicitation dite de service.The first and second braking devices 31, 32 (here the sleeves) are arranged so that this braking movement of the mast 10 downstream is substantially in a translation parallel to the terrain 2, without changing the inclination of the mast relative to 2. This makes it possible to maintain the residual height of the barrier 1 after impact. A significant residual height after impact is particularly important to meet the requirements of the European ETAG 27 standard for so-called service solicitation.

A cet effet, les courses des dispositifs de freinage 31, 32 doivent être différentes, ainsi que leurs tarages. A titre d'exemple, avec la géométrie illustrée sur les figures, où l'angle α est de l'ordre de 30°, la course du dispositif de freinage supérieur 32 est égale aux 2/3 de celle du dispositif de freinage inférieur 31 et, pour obtenir la même dissipation d'énergie, le tarage du dispositif de freinage supérieur 32 doit être égal à 3/2 du tarage du dispositif de freinage inférieur 31.For this purpose, the races of the braking devices 31, 32 must be different, and their settings. By way of example, with the geometry illustrated in the figures, where the angle α is of the order of 30 °, the stroke of the upper braking device 32 is equal to 2/3 of that of the lower braking device 31 and, to obtain the same energy dissipation, the calibration of the upper braking device 32 must be equal to 3/2 of the calibration of the lower braking device 31.

De plus, de préférence, la barrière 1 selon l'invention est dépourvue de dissipateurs d'énergie - ou dispositif de freinage - agencés sur les câbles de rive, qui ont pour effet d'allonger ces câbles de rive et donc d'augmenter considérablement leur flèche et de réduire la hauteur résiduelle après impact.In addition, preferably, the barrier 1 according to the invention is devoid of energy dissipators - or braking device - arranged on the edge cables, which have the effect of lengthening these edge cables and therefore considerably increase their boom and reduce the residual height after impact.

La translation guidée et freinée du mât 10 vers l'aval, sans modification de son inclinaison par rapport au terrain 2, implique une légère variation d'angle entre le mât 10 et l'élément de maintien supérieur 20, pouvant par exemple être de l'ordre de 5 à 7°. Ce pivotement de faible amplitude du mât 10 par rapport à l'élément de maintien supérieur 20 est permis par la chape 23 articulée autour de l'axe 24. D'autres moyens de liaison autorisant le pivotement du mât 10 par rapport à l'élément de maintien supérieur 20 autour d'un axe sensiblement transversal peuvent toutefois être envisagés.The guided and braked translation of the mast 10 downstream, without modifying its inclination with respect to the terrain 2, implies a slight angle variation between the mast 10 and the upper holding member 20, which may, for example, be order of 5 to 7 °. This small amplitude pivoting of the mast 10 relative to the upper holding member 20 is allowed by the yoke 23 hinged about the axis 24. Other connecting means allowing the mast 10 to pivot relative to the element However, the upper support members 20 around a substantially transverse axis can be envisaged.

La capacité de déformation et de dissipation d'énergie de la barrière 1 résulte ainsi de la déformation élasto-plastique du filet 4 et des dispositifs de freinage 31, 32.The capacity of deformation and dissipation of energy of the barrier 1 thus results from the elasto-plastic deformation of the thread 4 and the braking devices 31, 32.

Dans certains cas, le mât 10 peut être soumis à une sollicitation tendant à le faire basculer vers l'amont. Ceci peut se produire en cas d'impact direct sur l'élément de maintien supérieur 20, ou consécutivement à un rebond du bloc intercepté par la barrière1. Ceci peut également se produire lorsque la barrière 1 est implantée sur des pentes très peu soutenues, par exemple en pied de versant.In some cases, the mast 10 may be subjected to a bias tending to tilt upstream. This can occur in the event of a direct impact on the upper holding member 20, or following a rebound of the block intercepted by the barrier 1. This can also occur when the barrier 1 is implanted on slopes with very little support, for example at the foot of the slope.

Pour empêcher un tel basculement du mât 10 vers l'amont, l'invention évite le recours à des haubans aval et à l'ancrage coûteux correspondant en prévoyant :

  • que l'élément de maintien supérieur 20 est rigide, par opposition à un hauban ;
  • et que le support 3 comprend des seconds moyens de limitation pour limiter le déplacement de la tête 12 du mât 10 par rapport au terrain 2 également vers l'amont. De façon concrète, dans la réalisation représentée, ces seconds moyens de limitation comprennent la butée amont 26. La butée amont 18 permet quant à elle d'empêcher le déplacement du pied 11 du mât 10 vers l'amont.
To prevent such a tilting of the mast 10 upstream, the invention avoids the use of downstream stays and the corresponding expensive anchoring by providing:
  • that the upper holding member 20 is rigid, as opposed to a stay;
  • and that the support 3 comprises second limiting means for limiting the displacement of the head 12 of the mast 10 relative to the terrain 2 also upstream. Concretely, in the embodiment shown, these second limiting means comprise the upstream stop 26. The upstream stop 18 allows for it to prevent movement of the foot 11 of the mast 10 upstream.

Selon une autre réalisation, qui est illustrée sur les figures 10 à 12 et qui ne fait pas partie de l'invention, le support 3 est conçu de telle sorte que, tant au repos que sous l'effet d'une sollicitation :

  • le pied 11 du mât 10 ne peut pas se déplacer vers l'aval, et de préférence pas non plus vers l'amont ;
  • la tête 12 du mât 10 ne peut se déplacer ni vers l'aval ni vers l'amont.
According to another embodiment, which is illustrated on the Figures 10 to 12 and which does not form part of the invention, the support 3 is designed so that, at rest as under the effect of a solicitation:
  • the foot 11 of the mast 10 can not move downstream, and preferably not upstream;
  • the head 12 of the mast 10 can not move either downstream or upstream.

En d'autres termes, la position du mât 10 par rapport à l'ancrage du support 3 au terrain 2 est bloquée.In other words, the position of the mast 10 relative to the anchoring of the support 3 to the ground 2 is blocked.

A cet effet, on peut prévoir une réalisation similaire à celle des figures 1 à 9, mais sans dispositifs de freinage. De ce fait, il n'est pas nécessaire que les éléments de maintien inférieur 14 et supérieur 20 s'étendent au-delà du pied 11, respectivement de la tête 12, du mât 10 sur une longueur suffisante pour permettre l'interposition de tels dispositifs de freinage. Ainsi, comme illustré sur les figures 10 à 12, on peut simplement prévoir les butées aval 17, 25 - ici sous le forme de rondelles associées à un écrou - en contact avec le mât 10, et à proximité immédiate des extrémités aval 16, 22 des éléments de maintien 14, 20.For this purpose, an embodiment similar to that of the Figures 1 to 9 , but without braking devices. Therefore, it is not necessary that the lower holding members 14 and upper 20 extend beyond the foot 11, respectively of the head 12, the mast 10 to a length sufficient to allow the interposition of such braking devices. Thus, as illustrated on Figures 10 to 12 it is possible to simply provide the downstream abutments 17, 25 - here in the form of washers associated with a nut - in contact with the mast 10, and in the immediate vicinity of the downstream ends 16, 22 of the holding elements 14, 20.

En outre, le degré de liberté en pivotement de la tête 12 du mât 10 par rapport à l'élément de maintien supérieur 20 n'est plus nécessaire, et la chape 23 articulée peut être remplacée par une pièce de liaison 35 fixée à la fois à l'élément de maintien supérieur 20 et à la tête 12 du mât 10 et n'autorisant aucun degré de liberté relatif.In addition, the degree of freedom in pivoting of the head 12 of the mast 10 relative to the upper holding member 20 is no longer necessary, and the clevis 23 is articulated can be replaced by a connecting piece 35 fixed at a time to the upper holding member 20 and the head 12 of the mast 10 and allowing no relative degree of freedom.

Une telle barrière 1, comportant des supports 3 fixes même en cas de sollicitation, peut être utilisée pour des pare-pierres de petites dimensions, ou pour des barrières paravalanches, qui s'opposent à une poussée statique.Such a barrier 1, including fixed supports 3 even in the event of stress, can be used for small stone barriers, or for avalanche barriers, which oppose a static thrust.

La butée aval 17, pouvant comporter une rondelle et un écrou, forme des premiers moyens de limitation pour empêcher le déplacement du pied 11 du mât 10 vers l'aval par rapport au terrain 2, tandis que la butée amont 18 empêche le déplacement du pied 11 du mât 10 vers l'amont.The downstream abutment 17, which may comprise a washer and a nut, forms first limiting means to prevent movement of the foot 11 of the mast 10 downstream relative to the terrain 2, while the upstream stop 18 prevents the foot from moving. 11 of the mast 10 upstream.

La butée aval 25 ainsi que la butée amont 26, pouvant chacune comporter une rondelle et un écrou, forment des seconds moyens de limitation pour empêcher le déplacement de la tête 12 du mât 10 vers l'aval et vers l'amont par rapport au terrain 2.The downstream abutment 25 and the upstream abutment 26, each of which may comprise a washer and a nut, form second limiting means for preventing the displacement of the head 12 of the mast 10 downstream and upstream relative to the ground. 2.

Ainsi, l'invention apporte une amélioration déterminante à la technique antérieure, en ce qu'elle permet de concilier les avantages d'un support à ancrage unique, auto-stable et pré-assemblé avec un coût de fabrication des composants très réduit en supprimant les haubans aval, en raison de la rigidité de l'élément de maintien supérieur qui assure la fonction de hauban amont.Thus, the invention provides a decisive improvement to the prior art, in that it makes it possible to reconcile the advantages of a single-anchor, self-stable and pre-assembled support with a very low component manufacturing cost by removing downstream shrouds, due to the rigidity of the upper holding member which provides the upstream seat stay function.

De plus, selon une réalisation possible, l'invention permet d'intégrer au support des dispositifs de freinage qui ne génèrent pas de perte de hauteur résiduelle de la barrière.In addition, according to one possible embodiment, the invention makes it possible to integrate braking devices into the support which do not generate any residual height loss of the barrier.

Il en résulte:

  • un allégement considérable du support,
  • une rapidité d'assemblage et de pose accrue en raison de la suppression de l'accastillage nécessaire aux haubans en câble,
  • une économie importante,
  • une efficacité et une fiabilité en matière de dissipation d'énergie dues à la simplicité du système,
  • une conservation de hauteur résiduelle importante après impact.
The result is:
  • a considerable relief of the support,
  • increased assembly and installation speed due to the removal of the fittings required for the cable stays,
  • a significant saving,
  • efficiency and reliability in terms of energy dissipation due to the simplicity of the system,
  • significant residual height conservation after impact.

Il va de soi que l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits ci-dessus à titre d'exemples mais qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques et les variantes des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons.It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above as examples but that it includes all the technical equivalents and variants of the means described as well as their combinations.

Claims (11)

  1. A support intended to be fixed on a ground (2) for the realization of a protection barrier (1) capable of retaining an object moving relative to said ground (2), the support (3) comprising:
    - a mast (10) which includes a foot (11) capable of resting on the ground (2) and a head (12) and which is substantially orthogonal to the ground (2), when the support (3) is in the mounted position on the ground (2);
    - a lower holding element (14) substantially perpendicular to the mast (10), having an upstream end (15) intended to be fixed to the ground (2) and a downstream extreme portion mounted on the foot (11) of the mast (10);
    - first limitation means (17, 31, 33) for limiting the displacement of the foot (11) of the mast (10) downstream relative to the ground (2), in the mounted position;
    - a rigid upper holding element (20) disposed obliquely with respect to the mast (10), having an upstream end (21) intended to be fixed to the ground (2) and a downstream extreme portion mounted on the head (12) of the mast (10);
    - second limitation means (25, 26, 32, 24) for limiting the displacement of the head (12) of the mast (10) relative to the ground (2), downstream and upstream, in the mounted position;
    characterized in that the first limitation means and the second limitation means respectively comprise a first and a second braking devices (31, 32), the braking devices being designed to prevent the displacement of the mast (10) downstream at rest, and to brake the displacement of the mast (10) downstream under the effect of a load exerted on the mast (10), in the mounted position, the first and second braking devices (31, 32) being distinct and arranged so that the braked displacement of the mast (10) downstream, in the mounted position and under the effect of a load exerted on the mast (10), is done substantially according to a translation parallel to the ground (2), without modifying the inclination of the mast (10) with respect to the ground (2).
  2. The support according to claim 1, characterized in that the first braking device (31) cooperates with the foot (11) of the mast (10) and the lower holding element (14), and/or in that the second braking device (32) cooperates with the head (12) of the mast (10) and the upper holding element (20).
  3. The support according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a linkage means (23) between the head (12) of the mast (10) and the upper holding element (20), said linkage means (23) being designed to enable the pivoting of the mast (10) relative to the upper holding element (20) about a substantially transverse axis (24), when the mast (10) is displaced downstream relative to the ground (2), in the mounted position.
  4. The support according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lower (14) and upper (20) holding elements extend downstream beyond the foot (11), respectively the head (12), of the mast (10), and in that:
    - the first braking device (31) is arranged between the foot (11) of the mast (10) and the downstream end (16) of the lower holding element (14);
    - and/or the second braking device (32) is arranged between the head (12) of the mast (10), or the linkage means (23), and the downstream end (22) of the upper holding element (20).
  5. The support according to claim 4, characterized in that the lower holding element (14) and the upper holding element (20) are in the form of a rigid bar and in that each of the braking devices (31, 32) comprises a sleeve surrounding said bar and disposed between the foot (11), respectively the head (12), of the mast (10) and the downstream end (16, 22) of the bar, the sleeve being designed to be able to be compressed between the mast (10) and the downstream end (16, 22) of the bar in order to brake the displacement of the mast (10) downstream relative to the lower (14) and upper (20) holding elements.
  6. The support according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the lower holding element (14) is rigid.
  7. The support according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the lower holding element (14) and/or the upper holding element (20) is/are in the form of a rigid bar.
  8. The support according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the upstream end (15) of the lower holding element (14) and the upstream end (21) of the upper holding element (20) are fastened to the same connecting element (28) intended to be anchored in the ground (2).
  9. The support according to claim 8, characterized in that the connecting element (28) includes a ring (29) with a transverse axis.
  10. The support according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the foot (11) of the mast (10) comprises a baseplate (13) for allowing the support (3) to rest in a substantially stable manner on the ground (2) before fixing the support (3) on the ground (2).
  11. A protection barrier intended to be mounted on a ground (2) in order to allow retaining an object moving relative to said ground (2), the barrier (1) comprising, in the mounted position:
    - at least two supports (3) fixed on the ground (2), at least one of the supports (3) being in accordance with any of the preceding claims;
    - a net (4) fastened between each pair of two adjacent supports (3), in a substantially tensioned manner in the non-biased state, so as to extend substantially transversely to the trajectory of the object.
EP14722257.4A 2013-04-04 2014-04-02 Support and protection barrier for retaining a moving object Not-in-force EP2981651B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1353036A FR3004199B1 (en) 2013-04-04 2013-04-04 SUPPORT AND PROTECTIVE BARRIER FOR RETENTING AN OBJECT IN MOTION
PCT/FR2014/050785 WO2014162098A1 (en) 2013-04-04 2014-04-02 Support and protection barrier for retaining a moving object

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2981651A1 EP2981651A1 (en) 2016-02-10
EP2981651B1 true EP2981651B1 (en) 2017-03-08

Family

ID=48570376

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14722257.4A Not-in-force EP2981651B1 (en) 2013-04-04 2014-04-02 Support and protection barrier for retaining a moving object

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2981651B1 (en)
FR (1) FR3004199B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2014162098A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1108583A (en) * 1953-10-01 1956-01-16 Ind De L Aluminium Sa Avalanche protection barrier
FR2816335B1 (en) * 2000-11-09 2003-08-15 Mecanroc PROTECTION BARRIER, ESPECIALLY FOR MOUNTAIN SITES
ATE465301T1 (en) * 2003-07-24 2010-05-15 Trumer Schutzbauten Gesmbh SUPPORTING ENERGY ABSORPTION STRUCTURE
FR2978462B1 (en) * 2011-07-28 2013-08-02 Mecanroc BARRIER FOR PROTECTION AGAINST BLOCKS DEVALING A GROUND IN SLOPE

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3004199A1 (en) 2014-10-10
EP2981651A1 (en) 2016-02-10
FR3004199B1 (en) 2015-08-21
WO2014162098A1 (en) 2014-10-09

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