EP2963200B1 - Façade of a building provided with fire block - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a fire bar for building facades with a thermal insulation composite system, a building facade comprising the fire bar, and the use of the fire bar.

Building insulation is an essential part of new construction and renovation of buildings. For example, the outer facades of buildings are provided with thermal insulation panels in order to significantly reduce the passage of heat through the facades. As a result, the heating energy required in winter and the energy required for cooling in summer can be significantly reduced. However, it is also possible to insulate rooms separately, for example to achieve suitable soundproofing.

Thermal insulation panels that are frequently used are rigid foam panels made from foamed plastics, in particular from foamed polystyrene, such as expanded polystyrene (EPS) and/or extruded polystyrene (XPS). Such EPS and XPS panels are not only relatively inexpensive to produce, but they also have very good thermal insulation properties. In addition, they are easy to process. For example, they can easily be cut to a desired size. In addition, differences in surface area between different panels can be easily leveled out after they have been applied to the house wall due to their material properties.

However, a disadvantage of the polystyrene rigid foam panels is their fire behavior. The EPS and XPS boards are classified as combustible building materials and flame-retardant EPS and XPS boards as hardly combustible building materials. For this reason, so-called fire breaks are installed in the thermal insulation of the building facade, especially in larger buildings. Such fire bars are often above Building openings such as windows and doors are attached to prevent the fire from spreading through the building opening to the thermal insulation of the facade in the event of a fire inside the building. In addition, fire breaks are also typically used horizontally across an entire facade or even as a horizontal fire break band running around the entire building, consisting of a large number of individual fire breaks. This prevents sources of fire and fire from spreading to the entire facade.

The DE 20 2007 007 225 U1 describes a component for a thermal insulation composite system comprising two insulating elements and a fire protection layer made of a non-combustible material such as mineral wool, the fire protection layer being arranged between the two insulating elements and extending essentially over the entire cross-sectional area of the component. The insulating elements are preferably made of expanded polystyrene, but can also consist of polyurethane, for example. If the insulating elements are made of expanded polystyrene, the surface of the component can be well matched to the adjacent insulating elements through abrasion. However, the material does not form a suitable fire barrier against fire. If the insulating elements are made of polyurethane, they form a suitable fire barrier, but its surface cannot - or only extremely badly - be matched to the surfaces of the adjacent insulating panels.

In practice, fire bars made of polyurethane (PUR) and polyisocyanurate (PIR) rigid foam with increased density are often used. Such materials are indeed suitable to function as fire bars. When they are produced, however, they can only be brought into the precisely desired shape with difficulty without post-processing. Therefore, such fire bars made of PUR, respectively. PIR can be cut to the desired size in a subsequent step.

Such a post-processing of fire bars made of PUR, respectively. However, PIR - be it in the factory, on the construction site or on the thermally insulated facade - leads to a number of problems. After all, the post-processing, for example by abrasion, of the smallest amounts of a PUR or PIR incendiary bar leads to the finest dust, which - also due to electrostatic charging - can hardly be removed from the thermal insulation panels. However, this has a very negative effect on the adhesion of a subsequent layer, such as plaster. In addition, the resulting dust is also respirable, which leads to increased requirements for occupational safety.

To counteract this, they hit AT 005 285 U1 and the AT 007 757 U1 Thermal insulation panels made of hard foam, which has on the side facing the wall at least one substantially the entire panel length and panel thickness penetrating recess, which preferably with mineral wool, respectively. is filled with polyurethane or polyisocyanurate rigid foam. The EP 2 706 160 A2 describes facade panels for exterior walls of buildings, the panel body comprising a fire protection body which extends along at least one side of the panel body, the fire protection body being covered on at least one longitudinal side by an adaptation layer which is preferably formed in one piece with the panel body. In order to produce such plates, however, an increased effort is required. In addition, when used in construction, there is a risk that the panels will be attached incorrectly and the fire break embedded in them will not be in the right place. It is also possible that when the panels are cut to size, the part comprising the fire bar is mistakenly cut off and the cut panel therefore does not comprise any fire bar at all. As a result, the entire length of the facade is not equipped with at least one continuous fire bar strip, which reduces its effectiveness in the event of a fire cannot unfold. It should also be noted that once the panels have been fastened, it is no longer evident and therefore no longer possible to check where - and whether at all - a fire bar is present.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a fire bar for building facades with a thermal insulation system, which eliminates the disadvantages of the prior art and allows simple and unproblematic mechanical abrasion of the individual insulation panels and the fire bar - and thus leveling out any unevenness that has arisen - without adversely affect the subsequent processing step(s), such as applying a plaster. In addition, the fire bar should be available separately and not integrated in a thermal insulation panel, which means that the fire bar is attached to the facade independently of thermal insulation panels. This should significantly reduce or even rule out incorrect assembly.

Surprisingly, this problem was solved with a fire bar (45) for building facades with a thermal insulation composite system (1) according to claim 1.

In addition, a building facade with a thermal insulation composite system (1) is claimed, comprising a facade (2), an insulating board (3), in particular an upper (3') and a lower (3") insulating board, and the fire bar (45) claimed according to the invention, wherein the fire bar (45) and the insulation board (3) are attached to the facade (2) and the fire bar (45) is adjacent to the insulation board (3) with the thinner layer (51) of the fire bar (45) on the side of the fire bar (45) is arranged, which faces the facade (2).

The use of the fire bar (45) according to the invention on building facades to prevent fire from spreading beyond the area defined by the fire bar (45) is also claimed.

The fire bar (45) according to the invention, the building facade (1) according to the invention and the use of the fire bar (45) according to the invention have many advantages.

It was found, extremely surprisingly for the person skilled in the art, that the fire bar (45) according to the invention fulfills the function of a fire bar despite the polystyrene hard foam layer, which is typically classified as a combustible building material. In other words, even if the layer (51) made of polystyrene foam - which is part of the fire bar (45) - due a below the fire bar (45) located fire melts away and the molten polystyrene drips down, the heat can resp. do not spread the fire upwards through the resulting thin gap between the remaining fire bar (45) and plaster (7) applied to the insulating board (3) and fire bar (45). In this way, little or no insulation material located above the fire bar (45) melts. Any melt is held back by the remaining fire bar (45), which prevents the spread of fire. As a result, the supply of combustible material dries up at the source of the fire. This extinguishes both the fire and the source of the fire. This observed effect was extremely surprising for the person skilled in the art.

With the fire bar (45) according to the invention, the building facade according to the invention with a composite thermal insulation system (1) can be produced in a simple manner. It was found that not only can a source of fire and fire be contained locally by using the fire bar (45) according to the invention and that the fire does not spread beyond the fire bar (45) according to the invention, but the surface of the building facade (1) with applied Surprisingly, the thermal insulation composite system can also be reworked without any problems and without the formation of dust, in order to be completely flat for a subsequent layer - for example plaster. This is particularly the case when the insulating panels (3) and the thin layer (51) of the fire bar (45) are made of the same material, i.e. when they are advantageously both made of expanded polystyrene (EPS) or extruded polystyrene (XPS ) consist. For example, protruding corners and edges can be easily removed without creating dust. In addition, the adhesion to a subsequent layer, such as a layer of plaster, is not negatively influenced by a thin layer of dust lying on the fire bar (45) and/or the insulating panel (3). Also do not need any reinforced Measures relating to occupational safety, such as wearing a special dust mask, are taken. By using the fire bar (45) according to the invention, the insulating panels (3) can also be cut to size without any problems when creating the building facade (1) according to the invention without running the risk of a fire bar integrated therein being partially or completely cut off by mistake. It is also impossible to incorrectly mount the insulating panels (3) on the building facade, since they do not contain a fire bar function.

The fire bar (45) is preferably attached to the facade (2) in a horizontal, i.e. horizontal direction. The fire bar (45) is preferably arranged in such a way that it borders on at least one lower (3") and/or upper insulating panel (3'), which is also fastened to the facade (2).

The fire bar (45) according to the invention comprises a thicker layer (41) of a fire bar (4) based on polyurethane (PUR), polyisocyanurate (PIR), mineral foam, mineral fiber, glass fiber and/or rock wool, and a thinner layer (51) of polystyrene Hard foam, in particular made of expanded polystyrene (EPS) and/or extruded polystyrene (XPS), at least one adhesive (10) and at least one flame-retardant coating (6).

The fire bar (45) according to the invention essentially corresponds to a - for example conventional - fire bar (4) with a layer (5, 51) attached to the fire bar (4) which is opposite that side of the fire bar (4), i.e. the thicker layer (41) , is attached, which is to be attached to the facade (2). The thinner layer (51) of the fire bar (45) corresponds to a layer (5) of, for example, conventional rigid polystyrene foam. The fire bar (45) can also optionally include at least one additional layer (52) made of rigid polystyrene foam.

The term "thicker layer (41)" refers to the cross-section ( 2 ) shown length A, ie layer thickness A, and the term "thinner layer (51)" refers to the cross-section ( 2 ) shown length B, ie layer thickness B, the thicker layer (41), ie the length A, is greater than the thinner layer (51), ie the length B. The sum of the length A and the length B result in essentially Layer thickness C of the fire bar (45) according to the invention, the thickness of any adhesive surface, ie the adhesive (10) and the flame-retardant coating (6), between the thicker layer (41) and the thinner layer (51) being neglected.

In a preferred embodiment, the layer (51) of the fire bar according to the invention has a color that differs from the color of the insulating boards (3). As a result, the mounted fire bar (45) is visible on the completely with insulating boards (3) and fire bars (45) covered facade (2), which is a simple - but important - allows control of whether the resp. the fire bars (45) are fixed in the correct place.

In a further preferred embodiment of the fire bar (45) according to the invention, at least one side of the thicker layer (41), which is arranged at an angle to the side on which the thinner layer (51) is attached and which when the fire bar (45 ) is preferably located above and / or below the layer (41), a further layer (52) made of polystyrene foam, in particular expanded polystyrene (EPS) and / or extruded polystyrene (XPS), with the flame-retardant coating (6) between the layers (41) and (52) and/or on the layer (52). By reducing the thickness of the layer (52), the layer thickness, ie the height, of the fire bar can be easily adjusted without any undesired changes Fine dust is created, which has a negative effect on the construction of the facade.

The polystyrene rigid foam of the thinner layer (51) and the further layer (52) is preferably made of expanded polystyrene (EPS) and/or extruded polystyrene (XPS). It is possible that the fire bar (45) - if it includes a layer (52) - i) both layers (51) and (52) are made of EPS or XPS, ii) the layer (51) of EPS and the Layer (52) is XPS, iii) layer (51) is XPS and layer (52) is EPS. If the fire bar (45) comprises two or more layers (52), the layers (52) can be made of EPS and/or XPS.

The fire bar (45) and the layers (4, 41), (5, 51) and (52) of the fire bar (45) preferably have a substantially rectangular cross section.

The fire bar (45) according to the invention used in the building facade (1) according to the invention can, for example, have a length of 20 cm to several meters, a height H, ie a vertical dimension of the fire bar when mounted horizontally, of about 3 cm to 60 cm, preferably of from about 3 cm to 40 cm or more, especially from about 5 cm to 30 cm. According to the invention, the fire bar has a depth, ie a layer thickness A, of about 4 cm to 50 cm or more, preferably 5 cm to 40 cm. In a preferred embodiment, the fire bar has a height H of approximately 15 cm to 60 cm, in particular approximately 20 cm to 40 cm. To determine the relevant height H of the fire bar (45), only the height of the layer (41) is taken into account. The depth of the thicker layer (41) and the thinner layer (51) applied thereto, and thus the depth, ie the layer thickness C of the entire fire bar (45), preferably corresponds approximately to the depth, ie the thickness, of the insulating panels (3, 3', 3").

According to the invention, the thicker layer (41) has a layer thickness A of about 4 cm to 50 cm or more, preferably 5 cm to 40 cm.

The layer (5) made of rigid polystyrene foam, i.e. the thinner layer (51) of the fire bar (45), has a layer thickness B of 2 to 30 mm, preferably 3 to 20 mm, in particular 4 to 10 mm.

In a preferred embodiment, the thinner layer (51) and/or the layer (52) has a layer thickness B of 2 to 30 mm, preferably 2 to 20 mm, in particular 3 to 10 mm.

The lengths, heights and layer thicknesses of the individual layers (41, 51, 52) can be measured in a simple manner, for example with a meter, callipers and/or calipers, with no pressure being exerted on the layers to be measured, i.e. they are not pressed together. Such measurements of the layer thicknesses are known to those skilled in the art.

The fire bar (45) according to the invention advantageously consists of at least 70% by volume, preferably at least 80% by volume, in particular at least 90% by volume, of the thicker layer (41). The determination of the volume of the fire bar (45) and the thicker layer (41) is known to those skilled in the art and is typically based on the measured lengths, heights and layer thicknesses.

The thinner layer (51) of rigid polystyrene foam, which is part of the fire bar (45) according to the invention, and optionally the layer (52), can have a density of, for example, 10 to 60 kg/m ³ , preferably 15 to 50 kg/m ³ , determined according to DIN EN 1602:2013-05.

The fire bar (45) according to the invention can also be profiled laterally so that, for example, the right side of a left fire bar can be seamlessly inserted into the correspondingly profiled left side of a right fire bar by means of a stepped fold or groove-comb profiling. This further increases the effectiveness of the fire bar.

In the case of the fire bar (45) according to the invention, the thinner layer (51) and optionally the layer (52) are connected to the thicker layer (41) by gluing, i.e. with an adhesive (10). If a coating (6) is arranged on the thicker layer (41), the thinner layer (51), and optionally the layer (52), is attached to the flame-retardant coating (6) by means of adhesive (10). The flame retardant coating (6) can also be attached to the layer (41) by means of an adhesive (10). However, the coating (6) is preferably connected directly to the layer (41), i.e. the fire bar (4), during the production thereof, which means that no separate adhesive has to be used.

The adhesive (10) is advantageously a one- or two-component (2-K) adhesive based on polyurethane (PU), epoxy hardener, hot-melt adhesive and/or double-sided adhesive tape. 2-component PU adhesives with flame retardancy, reactive 1-component PU hot-melt adhesives, epoxy adhesives and/or double-sided adhesive tape are preferred. Such adhesives (10) are commercially available and known to those skilled in the art.

In the fire bar (45) according to the invention, at least one side of the thicker layer (41), which is arranged at an angle, for example at right angles, to the side on which the thinner layer (51) is attached, has a flame-retardant coating (6). Alternatively, or in addition, the coating (6) between the layer (41) and the layer (51) of the fire bar (45) attached and optionally also on the side of the layer (41) which is opposite to the layer (51) and which is glued to the facade (2). In a preferred embodiment, the flame retardant coating (6) does not extend over the cross-sectional areas of the fire bar (45), the thicker layer (41) and/or the thinner layer (51).

The flame-retardant coating (6) preferably consists of non-flammable or very poorly flammable material. The flame-retardant coating (6) is preferably composed of at least one layer based on an inorganic fleece such as glass fiber fabric, mineral wool and/or mortar, with inorganic fleece, in particular glass fiber fabric, and/or mineral wool being particularly preferred. Such materials are known to those skilled in the art.

The flame retardant coating (6) is advantageously adhered to the thicker layer (41), for example by direct adhesion during foaming, i.e. during manufacture, of the fire bar material, i.e. the thicker layer (41), or with a commercially available adhesive (10). This is typically done at the factory.

The fire bar (45) according to the invention is advantageously manufactured industrially. The layer (51) made of polystyrene hard foam is preferably attached to the layer (41) of the fire bar (45), i.e. glued, at the factory. This applies in particular if the fire bar (45) additionally includes one or more layers (52) and/or a flame-retardant coating (6).

The building facade according to the invention with a thermal insulation composite system (1) can be arranged inside and/or outside of buildings. The arrangement on the outside of buildings is preferred.

In a preferred embodiment, the building facade (1) according to the invention comprises an upper (3') and lower (3") insulating board, with the fire break (45) according to the invention between the upper (3') and the lower (3") insulating board (3) is arranged and adjacent to this. This arrangement can also be rotated by 90°, for example, so that the fire bar (45) is fastened vertically to the facade, for example, and the upper (3') and lower (3") insulating board are arranged laterally on the fire bar (45). The insulating boards ( 3, 3', 3") are typically identical insulation boards and do not differ in their properties.

The term insulating board (3) includes the upper insulating board (3') and the lower insulating board (3").

In a preferred embodiment, the insulating boards (3, 3', 3") and the fire bar (45) are mechanically attached to the facade ( 2) fastened. Suitable adhesives (8) and suitable mechanical fastening types such as screwing or anchoring (9) are known to those skilled in the art. Preferred adhesives (8) are, for example, commercially available adhesives based on acrylate, epoxy, polyurethane and/or adhesive foam such as Slightly expanding polyurethane foam adhesives and/or adhesive mortars based on mineral and/or polymeric binders.

In one embodiment of the building facade (1) according to the invention, a flame-retardant coating (6) is applied between the insulating panel (3) and the fire bar (45) according to the invention. The flame-retardant coating (6) is preferably part of the fire bar (45) and is attached both to the upper and lower side, ie to the side of the fire bar (45) which adjoins the insulating panel (3).

In a preferred embodiment, the insulating boards (3, 3', 3") and the layer (51) applied to the fire bar (45) are covered with a plaster (7).

Any building or room shell can be used as the facade (2) of the building facade (1) according to the invention. Non-limiting examples are facades, i.e. walls, made of concrete, aerated concrete, brick, cement fiber boards, plasterboard, gypsum plasterboard, ceramic boards, as well as sheet metal, plastic and/or wood paneling. In the case of renovations in particular, the facade (2) may also contain an existing insulating layer.

To create the thermal insulation composite system of the building facade (1) according to the invention, all commercially available insulation boards such as polymer foam boards and mineral insulation boards can be used as insulation boards (3, 3', 3"). If the insulation boards (3, 3', 3") are not made of rigid polystyrene foam , it can be advantageous if on one side, which is opposite to the side which is attached to the facade, it is covered with a thin layer of rigid polystyrene foam, in particular a thin layer of expanded polystyrene (EPS) or extruded polystyrene (XPS), are covered. Preference is given to insulation boards made from expanded polystyrene (EPS), which may also contain other additives such as graphite, extruded polystyrene (XPS), polyurethane (PUR), polyisocyanurate (PIR), phenolic resin (PF), wood fiber boards, mineral foam boards and foam boards made from aerated concrete. Such insulating panels are known to those skilled in the art.

The lower and/or upper insulating board (3, 3', 3") is preferably an insulating board made of expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS), polyurethane (PUR), polyisocyanurate (PIR) and/or wood fiber board, the insulating boards made of polyurethane (PUR), polyisocyanurate (PIR) and/or the wood fiber board can preferably be covered on one side with a layer of rigid polystyrene foam, in particular made of expanded polystyrene (EPS) and/or extruded polystyrene (XPS).

The insulating boards (3, 3', 3") can have a length of 50 cm to several meters, a width of 40 cm to 2 m and a thickness of 4 cm to 50 cm or more, preferably 5 cm to 40 cm cm.

In the case of the building facade (1) according to the invention, at least one fire bar (45) is advantageously fastened to the facade (2) in a horizontal, i.e. horizontal, direction. The fire bar (45) is arranged in such a way that it borders on at least one insulating panel (3), which is also fastened to the facade (2).

In one embodiment, the fire bar (45) is attached above, in particular directly above, building openings such as windows and/or doors. In this embodiment, an upper insulation panel (3') is attached to the facade on the fire bar (45).

In another embodiment - either alternatively or additionally - the fire bar (45) is typically used horizontally for an entire facade or even as a horizontal fire bar strip running around the entire building. In this embodiment, the fire bar (45) is preferably attached to a lower insulating board (3") and to the facade facade and optionally attached to the fire bar (45). Such a facade can include one or more of such circumferential fire bar strips. If several fire bar strips are attached, they are attached at different heights.

In addition, it is also possible to attach additional fire bars vertically, for example on the sides of building openings, and/or at an angle to the facade (2). This further prevents fire sources and fire from spreading to the entire facade.

The building facade according to the invention with a thermal insulation composite system (1) can essentially be produced in a conventional manner, with the difference that the fire bar (45) according to the invention is used instead of a fire bar (4).

When creating the building facade (1) according to the invention, the insulation boards (3, 3', 3") and/or the fire bar (45) are typically glued to the facade (2) with an adhesive (8) and/or additionally mechanically, for example by means of Screw connection and/or anchoring (9) on the facade (2). The adhesive (8) is advantageously applied to the surface of the insulating board (3, 3', 3") and the fire bar that is to lie against the facade (2). (45) applied, pressed against the facade (2) and adjusted. The type of mechanical attachment (9) such as screwing and/or anchoring of the fire bar (45) to the facade (2) is known to those skilled in the art.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one insulating board (3) is attached to the lower area of the facade (2) in a first step to create the thermal insulation composite system of the building facade (1) according to the invention. In an optional second step, a flame retardant coating (6) is placed on the lower insulation board (3"), glued and/or attached. In a third step, the fire bar (45) is placed on the lower insulating panel (3") or on the flame-retardant coating (6), glued and/or fastened, and fastened to the facade (2). In an optional fourth step, the flame-retardant coating (6) is laid, glued and/or attached to the fire bar (45).If the flame-retardant coating (6) has already been connected to the fire bar (45), for example at the factory, the second and fourth steps in the Production of the building facade (1) according to the invention Then, in a fifth step, the upper insulation panel (3'), which may lie on the fire bar (45) or on the flame-retardant coating (6), is attached to the facade (2). In an optional further, sixth step, which can also be carried out after the curing of the adhesives used, any unevenness on the surface of the thermal insulation composite system that has been created can be removed. Since the building facade according to the invention typically and advantageously consists of the same material as rigid polystyrene foam, in particular EPS or XPS, this step is carried out particularly easily and without the formation of unwanted dust and therefore also without adversely affecting adhesion. In an optional seventh step, a conventional plaster is then applied in a conventional manner to the surface that has been freed from unevenness, in which a glass fiber mesh can be embedded for reinforcement, if necessary.

In another preferred embodiment, to create the thermal insulation composite system of the building facade (1) according to the invention, in a first step the fire bar (45) is attached to the facade (2), in particular above building openings such as doors and/or windows. In an optional further step, the flame-retardant coating (6) can be applied to the bottom and/or top of the fire bar (45). Was the layer (51) and/or the flame-retardant coating (6) already attached to the fire bar (45) beforehand, for example at the factory, there is no need to attach the coating (6). Subsequently, in a further step, the upper insulation panel (3') is fastened to the fire bar (45) in contact with the facade (2). Then, in a further step, which can also take place after the curing of the adhesives (8) used and as described above, any unevenness on the surface of the thermal insulation composite system that has been created is removed. A conventional plaster (7) is then applied in a conventional manner to the surface freed from unevenness, in which a glass fiber mesh can optionally be embedded for reinforcement.

Fig. 1:

ein schematischer Querschnitt der erfindungsgemässen Gebäudefassade mit Wärmedämmverbundsystem (1) umfassend die Fassade (2), eine untere Dämmplatte (3"), den Brandriegel (45) umfassend eine dickere Schicht (4, 41) und eine dünnere Schicht (5, 51) sowie eine obere Dämmplatte (3'). Die Dämmplatten (3, 3', 3") und der Brandriegel (45) sind beispielshaft mit einem Kleber (8) und einer mechanischen Befestigung (9) an der Fassade (2) fixiert. An der zur Fassade (2) gegenüberliegenden Seite der dickeren Schicht (41) des Brandriegels (45) ist eine dünnere Schicht (51) aus Polystyrol Hartschaum befestigt. Zusammen bilden die dickere Schicht (41) und die dünnere Schicht (51) den erfindungsgemässen Brandriegel (45). Die flammenhemmende Beschichtung (6) ist zwischen der Schicht (41) des Brandriegels (45) und den Dämmplatten (3, 3', 3") angeordnet. In Fig. 1 erstreckt sich die flammenhemmende Beschichtung (6) beispielhaft nur zwischen der Schicht (41) des Brandriegels (45) und den Dämmplatten (3, 3', 3"). Sie kann jedoch auch zusätzlich die Schicht (51) von den Dämmplatten (3, 3', 3") abgrenzen. Die flammenhemmende Beschichtung (6) kann während der Erstellung der Gebäudefassade (1) angebracht werden, oder vorher, insbesondere werkseitig, am erfindungsgemässen Brandriegel (45) angebracht werden. Sind die Dämmplatten (3, 3', 3") und die Schicht (5, 51) aus Polystyrol Hartschaum, wie beispielsweise aus expandiertem Polystyrol (EPS), so lässt sich die Dicke des Brandriegels (45) beispielsweise werkseitig genau einstellen und/oder die Oberfläche der so aufgebauten erfindungsgemässen Gebäudefassade (1) auf einfache Art und Weise aufgrund der identischen Materialien abtragen, um bestehende Unebenheiten auszunivellieren.

Fig. 2:

ein schematischer Querschnitt des erfindungsgemässen Brandriegels (45) mit der dickeren Schicht (41) aus einem - beispielsweise herkömmlichen - Brandriegel (4) mit der Länge A und der dünneren Schicht (51) aus Polystyrol Hartschaum mit der Schichtdicke B. Zusammen bilden sie im Wesentlichen die Länge C, wobei die Dicke der Klebefläche zwischen der dickeren Schicht (41) und der dünneren Schicht (51) vernachlässigt ist. Die flammenhemmende Beschichtung (6) ist an der - bei horizontaler Lage des Brandriegels - oberen und unteren Oberfläche des Brandriegels (45) angeordnet und kann sich beispielsweise auch auf die dünnere Schicht (51) erstrecken. In Fig. 2 ist auf der oberen und der unteren Seite des Brandriegels (45) je eine weitere Schicht (52) aus Polystyrol Hartschaum, beispielsweise aus expandiertem Polystyrol (EPS) und/oder extrudiertem Polystyrol (XPS), befestigt, wobei die flammenhemmende Beschichtung (6) beispielhaft zwischen den Schichten (41) und (52) angeordnet ist.

Fig. 3:

analog Fig. 1 ein schematischer Querschnitt der erfindungsgemässen Gebäudefassade (1) umfassend den Brandriegel (45), wobei die dünnere Schicht (51) mit der dickeren Schicht (41) mit dem Kleber (10) verklebt ist. Die flammenhemmende Beschichtung (6) - die Teil des Brandriegels (45) sein kann oder zwischen den Brandriegel (45) und die Dämmplatten (3, 3', 3") beispielsweise während dem Erstellen der Gebäudefassade (1) angebracht werden kann - erstreckt sich in Fig. 3 über die ganze Schichtdicke C des Brandriegels (45).

Fig. 4:

analog Fig. 2 ein schematischer Querschnitt des erfindungsgemässen Brandriegels (45) mit der dickeren Schicht (41), der dünneren Schicht (51) sowie den optionalen Schichten (52), die an die untere (3") und obere (3') Dämmplatte angrenzen, wobei die Dämmplatten (3, 3', 3") in Fig. 4 nicht gezeigt sind. Die flammenhemmende Beschichtung (6) ist beispielhaft zwischen der dickeren Schicht (41) und der dünneren Schicht (51) sowie auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite der dickeren Schicht (41) angeordnet. Die flammenhemmende Beschichtung (6) wurde - gemäss Darstellung - während dem Herstellen, d.h. dem Schäumen, der Schicht (41) direkt mit dieser verbunden, wodurch kein Kleber benötigt wird. Alternativ kann die Beschichtung (6) jedoch auch auf die Schicht (41) geklebt werden. Die Schichten (51) und (52) sind durch Kleben, d.h. mit einem Kleber (10) mit der Beschichtung (6) resp. der Schicht (41) verbunden. Die dünnere Schicht (51) des Brandriegels (45) weist die Schichtdicke B auf, wobei die Dicke der Klebefläche (10) und der flammenhemmenden Beschichtung (6) zwischen der dickeren Schicht (41) und der dünneren Schicht (51) aufgrund der sehr dünnen Schichten zur Bestimmung der Schichtdicken A, B, C nicht berücksichtig werden. Der Brandriegel (45) weist die Höhe H auf, wobei zur Bestimmung der relevanten Höhe H des Brandriegels (45) die Schichten (52) nicht berücksichtig werden, sondern es wird wie in Fig. 4 gezeigt lediglich die Höhe der Schicht (41) bestimmt.

In the following, non-limiting, preferred embodiments are described with reference to drawings, which are not to be interpreted as restrictive. The distances between the individual layers are drawn disproportionately large for better clarity. Show it:

Figure 1:

a schematic cross section of the building facade according to the invention with a thermal insulation composite system (1) comprising the facade (2), a lower insulating panel (3"), the fire bar (45) comprising a thicker layer (4, 41) and a thinner layer (5, 51) and an upper insulating panel (3'). The insulating panels (3, 3', 3") and the fire bar (45) are fixed to the facade (2), for example with an adhesive (8) and a mechanical fastener (9). On the facade (2) opposite side of the thicker layer (41) of the fire bar (45), a thinner layer (51) made of polystyrene foam is attached. Together, the thicker layer (41) and the thinner layer (51) form the fire bar (45) according to the invention. The flame retardant coating (6) is between the layer (41) of the fire bar (45) and the Insulation boards (3, 3', 3") arranged. In 1 the flame-retardant coating (6) extends, for example, only between the layer (41) of the fire bar (45) and the insulating boards (3, 3', 3"). However, it can also additionally cover the layer (51) from the insulating boards (3, 3', 3") delimit. The flame-retardant coating (6) can be applied to the fire bar (45) according to the invention during the construction of the building facade (1) or beforehand, in particular at the factory. If the insulating panels (3, 3', 3") and the layer (5, 51) are made of rigid polystyrene foam, such as expanded polystyrene (EPS), the thickness of the fire bar (45) can be set precisely at the factory and/or remove the surface of the building facade (1) according to the invention constructed in this way in a simple manner due to the identical materials in order to level out any unevenness.

Figure 2:

a schematic cross section of the fire bar (45) according to the invention with the thicker layer (41) of a - for example conventional - fire bar (4) with the length A and the thinner layer (51) made of polystyrene foam with the layer thickness B. Together they essentially form the length C, where the thickness of the adhesive surface between the thicker layer (41) and the thinner layer (51) is neglected. The flame-retardant coating (6) is arranged on the upper and lower surface of the fire bar (45) when the fire bar is in a horizontal position and can also extend to the thinner layer (51), for example. In 2 another layer (52) made of rigid polystyrene foam, for example expanded polystyrene (EPS) and/or extruded polystyrene (XPS), is attached to the top and bottom side of the fire bar (45), the flame-retardant coating (6) being arranged between the layers (41) and (52), for example.

Figure 3:

analogous 1 a schematic cross section of the building facade (1) according to the invention comprising the fire bar (45), the thinner layer (51) being bonded to the thicker layer (41) with the adhesive (10). The flame-retardant coating (6) - which can be part of the fire bar (45) or can be attached between the fire bar (45) and the insulating panels (3, 3', 3"), for example during the construction of the building facade (1) - extends in 3 over the entire layer thickness C of the fire bar (45).

Figure 4:

analogous 2 a schematic cross section of the fire bar (45) according to the invention with the thicker layer (41), the thinner layer (51) and the optional layers (52) which adjoin the lower (3") and upper (3') insulating board, wherein the Insulation boards (3, 3', 3") in 4 are not shown. The flame-retardant coating (6) is arranged, for example, between the thicker layer (41) and the thinner layer (51) and on the opposite side of the thicker layer (41). The flame-retardant coating (6) was—according to the illustration—connected directly to the layer (41) during manufacture, ie foaming, so that no adhesive is required. Alternatively, however, the coating (6) can also be glued onto the layer (41). The layers (51) and (52) are by gluing, ie with an adhesive (10) with the coating (6) respectively. connected to the layer (41). The thinner layer (51) of the fire bar (45) has the layer thickness B, the thickness of the adhesive surface (10) and the flame-retardant coating (6) between the thicker layer (41) and the thinner layer (51) due to the very thin layers for determining the layer thicknesses A, B, C are not taken into account. The fire bar (45) has the height H, the layers (52) not being taken into account when determining the relevant height H of the fire bar (45), but as in 4 only the height of the layer (41) is shown.

Claims (14)

1. A fire block (45) for building façades with an exterior insulation and finishing system (1), the fire block (45) comprising

   i) a thicker layer (41) based on polyurethane (PUR), polyisocyanurate (PIR), mineral foam, mineral fibre, glass fibre and/or rock wool,

   ii) a thinner layer (51) made from polystyrene rigid foam,

   iii) at least one adhesive (10), and

   iv) possibly at least one further layer (52) made from polystyrene rigid foam,
   the thinner layer (51) being arranged at the side of the thicker layer (41) of the fire block (45), which is located opposite the side which is fastened to the building façade, the thicker layer (41) having a layer thickness A of 4 to 50 cm and the thinner layer (51) and the further layer (52) having a layer thickness B of 2 to 30 mm, the layer thicknesses A and B being measured in the vertical to the side of the thicker layer (41), on which the thinner layer (51) is applied, the fire block (45) additionally comprising

   v) at least one flame-retardant coating (6),

   - the flame-retardant coating (6) being arranged between the thinner layer (51) and the thicker layer (41), and/or on at least one side of the thicker layer (41) which is situated at an angle to the side on which the thinner layer (51) is applied,

   - and the thinner layer (51) being connected by means of adhesive (10) to the thicker layer (41) or the flame-retardant coating (6), which can be arranged on the thicker layer (41) .
2. The fire block (45) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the polystyrene rigid foam of the thinner layer (51) and the further layer (52) are made from expanded polystyrene (EPS) and/or extruded polystyrene (XPS).
3. The fire block (45) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the adhesive (10) is a one- or two-component adhesive based on polyurethane, an epoxy hardener, a hot-melt adhesive and/or a double-sided adhesive tape.
4. The fire block (45) according to at least one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the flame-retardant coating (6) is a flame-retardant coating (6) based on inorganic non-woven fabric and/or mineral wool.
5. The fire block (45) according to at least one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the flame-retardant coating (6) does not extend over the cross-sectional area of the fire block (45), the thicker layer (41) and/or the thinner layer (51).
6. The fire block (45) according to at least one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the further layer (52) is arranged on at least one side of the thicker layer (41), which is situated at an angle to the side on which the thinner layer (51) is applied, wherein the flame-retardant coating (6) can possibly be arranged between the further layer (52) and the thicker layer (41).
7. The fire block (45) according to at least one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fire block (45) and the thicker layer (4, 41), the thinner layer (5, 51) and the further layer (52) substantially have a rectangular cross section.
8. The fire block (45) according to at least one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the fire block (45) consists of at least 70 % by volume, preferably of at least 80 % by volume, of the thicker layer (41).
9. A building façade with an exterior insulation and finishing system (1), comprising a façade (2), an insulating board (3), particularly an upper (3') and a lower (3'') insulating board, and the fire block (45) according to at least one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the fire block (45) and the insulating board (3) are fastened on the façade (2) and the fire block (45) adjoins the insulating board (3), wherein the thinner layer (51) of the fire block (45) is arranged on the side of the fire block (45) which is opposite the façade (2).
10. The building façade (1) according to Claim 9, characterized in that the fire block (45) is fastened in the horizontal direction on the façade (2), preferably adhesively bonded, and/or mechanically fastened, particularly by means of screw fastening or anchoring (9).
11. The building façade (1) according to Claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the insulating board (3) is an insulating board made from expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS), polyurethane (PUR), polyisocyanurate (PIR) and/or wood fibreboard, wherein the insulating boards made from polyurethane (PUR), polyisocyanurate (PIR) and/or the wood fibreboard may possibly be covered on one side with a layer made from polystyrene rigid foam, particularly made from expanded polystyrene (EPS) and/or extruded polystyrene (XPS).
12. The building façade (1) according to at least one of Claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the insulating board (3) and the thinner layer (51) of the fire block (45) are covered with a plaster (7).
13. The building façade (1) according to at least one of Claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the insulating board (3) and the fire block (45) are fastened on the façade (2) using an adhesive (8), and/or the insulating board (3) and/or the fire block (45) are mechanically fastened on the façade.
14. The use of the fire block (45) according to at least one of Claims 1 to 8 for building façades with an exterior insulation and finishing system (1) to prevent fire from spreading beyond the area delimited by the fire block (45).

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