EP2957745A1 - Centrale électrique utilisant de l'eau saumâtre comme source d'énergie - Google Patents
Centrale électrique utilisant de l'eau saumâtre comme source d'énergie Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2957745A1 EP2957745A1 EP14172595.2A EP14172595A EP2957745A1 EP 2957745 A1 EP2957745 A1 EP 2957745A1 EP 14172595 A EP14172595 A EP 14172595A EP 2957745 A1 EP2957745 A1 EP 2957745A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyzer
- oxygen
- diesel
- tank
- combustion engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037351 starvation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
- F02M25/12—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone the apparatus having means for generating such gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L8/00—Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
- B60L8/003—Converting light into electric energy, e.g. by using photo-voltaic systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
- F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
- F02B2043/106—Hydrogen obtained by electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to the field of combustion engines. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a power plant which reduces the amount of diesel needed to operate the engine, which has the added benefits of reducing cost of operation and atmospheric emissions.
- the power plant described here can offer advantages for use in fresh water/ocean-going vessels and off-shore platforms, and for standalone diesel-burning generator for providing emergency electricity, as well.
- the standalone generation capability is useful for emergency power at airports and the like for both in terminal requirements and for energizing ground support vehicles. Additional applications include power requirements of farmland irrigation equipment.
- there is significant difficulty in maintaining a "clean-running" diesel engine so there is often a significant pollutant cloud trailing a bus, semi or train. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that government has mandated reduced emissions by recent Federal legislation particularly relating to the rail industry.
- an object of the present invention to propose an apparatus for improving an efficiency of a locomotive by reducing an amount of diesel burned, increasing completeness of combustion and utilizing waste energy.
- the apparatus according to the present invention advantageously uses waste energy to power its electrolyzer.
- a power plant arranged in accordance with the present invention utilizes an electrolyzer to separate brackish water into its component elements: hydrogen, oxygen, and salt, with the hydrogen and oxygen being utilized as combustible products and the salt recycled to the storage tank for the brackish water to inhibit freezing during the winter months.
- Safety is provided for onboard storage of the separated hydrogen and oxygen by nesting a hydrogen-oxygen storage tank within the walls of the diesel fuel tank.
- the oxygen is particularly useful when, for example, the second, third and fourth engines in a multiple engine locomotive become oxygen "starved" by the lead engine in a tunnel, for example.
- a power plant arranged in accordance with the present invention for reducing diesel burned in engines by a vehicle, and the like can include: a combustion engine for burning hybrid fuel; first tank means for storing brackish water; electrolyzer means for separating water received from said first tank means into its component elements-hydrogen, oxygen and salt; an energy source used with said electrolyzer means to facilitate the separation; second tank means for storing hydrogen received from said electrolyzer means; third tank means for storing oxygen received from said electrolyzer means; first supply feed tubes connected between said second tank means and said combustion engine; second supply feed tubes connected between said third tank means and said combustion engine; whereby processing said brackish water with said electrolyzer provides fuel for consumption in said combustion engine reducing the amount of diesel burned.
- the energy source optionally comprises an electrical supply means being selected from a group consisting of third rail technology, multiple unit (MU) jumper cables attached to power sources in refueling stations, a solar collector array, and traction motors associated with a dynamic brake system for the vehicle.
- the first storage tank optionally comprises a single wall thickness tank located above a platform supporting said power plant.
- the second tank means optionally comprises two tanks for storing said hydrogen.
- Power plant 20 includes the diesel combustion engine array 30; the electrical supply system 50 and the auxiliary fuel supply 60.
- Diesel combustion engine array 30 includes a multiple cylinder IC engine 34, starter 36, temperature sensor 38, mass air flow sensor (MAF) 40 and supply battery 42.
- the electrical supply system 50 includes an alternator 52 and an energy source 54 that is an electrical supply means selected from a group consisting of third rail technology, multiple unit (MU) jumper cables attachable to power sources in refueling stations, a solar collector array, and traction motors associated with a dynamic brake system for the vehicle.
- the primary function of the electrical supply means 54 is to energize the plurality of electrolyzers 66 of the auxiliary fuel supply 60.
- the electrical supply means will most preferably interface with electrolyzers 66 through integral ultra-capacitors 14 (one ultra-capacitor for each electrolyzer) which will enable periodic random energization of the electrolyzer without necessitating increased power from the electrical supply means 54 on the locomotive/tractor trailer.
- Third rail technology is well known in the industry for supplying power to electric trains. Its implementation here as an energy source for the electrolyzer would be a simple adaptation of existing technology.
- the MU jumper cables utilized to interconnect the electrical systems of multiple unit locomotives could be used to power the electrolyzer while the locomotive is in station for refueling and/or cargo loading/unloading.
- Refueling may involve taking on additional diesel but is principally envisioned as filling storage tank 62 with brackish water.
- a third possible energy source 54 for the electrolyzer 66 would be a solar array which could adorn the roof of one or more of the diesel engines or associated rail cars.
- the traction motors utilized in the braking system can function as regenerative brakes such that the energy gained by slowing the locomotive is converted to electricity.
- electrical supply means 54 produces energy which can be utilized by the electrolyzers 66 to convert the brackish water to hydrogen and oxygen.
- the auxiliary fuel supply 60 includes storage tank 62 for the brackish water, hydrogen reservoir tank 64a and oxygen reservoir tank 64b for receiving the byproducts from the electrolyzer. It is envisioned that the reservoir tanks 64a, 64b will be installed inside the existing diesel tank for both rail and over-the-road applications as less diesel storage will be necessary. Further, this dual wall enclosure for the hydrogen and oxygen provides an additional level of safety for their transport and storage.
- the salt which results from the electrolyzing process will typically remain in a slurry that is returned to storage tank 62. Saline levels in tank 62 can vary between 2 ppm and 450,000 ppm. Salt water is readily available from seaboard locations along the Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific and from the bilges of ocean-going vessels in the great lakes.
- Rock salt can be added to fresh water to maintain freeze resistance in the winter months, while fresh water can be utilized when freezing is not an issue during the summer months.
- An alternative to the use of rock salt/fresh water combination is the trucking of brackish water from the coasts using rail tank cars or over-the-road tank trucks, as needed.
- Metering pumps 68a and 68b are provided with associated supply feed tubes to transfer hydrogen and oxygen, respectively, to IC engine 34. Dual-fuel fuel-injectors will be utilized in IC engine 34 to introduce the hydrogen into the cylinders.
- Programmable logic circuit (PLC) 13 is utilized to turn brackish water pump 12 and metering pumps 68a and 68b on and off as needed. PLC 13 also receives data input from pressure sensors in storage tanks 64a and 64b for the hydrogen and oxygen, respectively, to assist in its monitoring function. Further, PLC 13 receives input from electrical supply system 50 telling it when alternator 52 is recharging storage battery 42 and ultra-capacitor storage 14. Finally, PLC 13 monitors the operation of IC engine 34 and will safely shut down the engine if an anomaly occurs.
- Engine control unit (ECU) 15 which controls IC engine 34 in accordance with predetermined operating parameters, is adjusted at the factory to accept additional input from PLC 13.
- Fig. 3 depicts a schematic arrangement in which sensor 70 detects oxygen deprivation and causes oxygen to be fed from reservoir tank 64b to the cylinders of IC engine 34 to ensure proper levels of oxygen for more complete combustion of the diesel/hydrogen fuel mixture being burned therein.
- an electrolyzer that converts brackish water to hydrogen and oxygen which are utilized in the multiple cylinder IC engine to reduce the amount of diesel utilized in the power plant. This improves emissions and reduces energy cost of operating the engine.
- Storage tanks for the oxygen and hydrogen are embedded in the diesel fuel tank to provide dual-walled protection for enhanced security and safety in transporting and storing the hydrogen.
- Possible energy sources for powering the electrolyzer include third rail technology, multiple unit (MU) jumper cables attached to power sources in refueling stations, a solar collector array, and traction motors associated with a dynamic brake system for the vehicle.
- MU multiple unit
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14172595.2A EP2957745A1 (fr) | 2014-06-16 | 2014-06-16 | Centrale électrique utilisant de l'eau saumâtre comme source d'énergie |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14172595.2A EP2957745A1 (fr) | 2014-06-16 | 2014-06-16 | Centrale électrique utilisant de l'eau saumâtre comme source d'énergie |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2957745A1 true EP2957745A1 (fr) | 2015-12-23 |
Family
ID=50972517
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14172595.2A Withdrawn EP2957745A1 (fr) | 2014-06-16 | 2014-06-16 | Centrale électrique utilisant de l'eau saumâtre comme source d'énergie |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2957745A1 (fr) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3980053A (en) * | 1974-07-03 | 1976-09-14 | Beeston Company Limited | Fuel supply apparatus for internal combustion engines |
| US4382189A (en) * | 1979-05-25 | 1983-05-03 | Wilson John B | Hydrogen supplemented diesel electric locomotive |
| WO1992008885A1 (fr) * | 1990-11-14 | 1992-05-29 | Home & General Distributors Ltd. | Vehicule routier |
| US20100181190A1 (en) * | 2007-06-19 | 2010-07-22 | Hytronx Technologies Inc | Hydrogen and oxygen gases, produced on demand by electrolysis, as a partial hybrid fuel source for internal combustion engines |
| NO334234B1 (no) * | 2013-02-12 | 2014-01-20 | Maintech As | Innretning for energiforsyning av tog |
-
2014
- 2014-06-16 EP EP14172595.2A patent/EP2957745A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3980053A (en) * | 1974-07-03 | 1976-09-14 | Beeston Company Limited | Fuel supply apparatus for internal combustion engines |
| US4382189A (en) * | 1979-05-25 | 1983-05-03 | Wilson John B | Hydrogen supplemented diesel electric locomotive |
| WO1992008885A1 (fr) * | 1990-11-14 | 1992-05-29 | Home & General Distributors Ltd. | Vehicule routier |
| US20100181190A1 (en) * | 2007-06-19 | 2010-07-22 | Hytronx Technologies Inc | Hydrogen and oxygen gases, produced on demand by electrolysis, as a partial hybrid fuel source for internal combustion engines |
| NO334234B1 (no) * | 2013-02-12 | 2014-01-20 | Maintech As | Innretning for energiforsyning av tog |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
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