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EP2896761B1 - Modulares Basiselement sowie Längsträger, Bohle und Tafel aus solchen Basiselementen - Google Patents

Modulares Basiselement sowie Längsträger, Bohle und Tafel aus solchen Basiselementen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2896761B1
EP2896761B1 EP15151589.7A EP15151589A EP2896761B1 EP 2896761 B1 EP2896761 B1 EP 2896761B1 EP 15151589 A EP15151589 A EP 15151589A EP 2896761 B1 EP2896761 B1 EP 2896761B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
veining
flange
longitudinal direction
longitudinal
panel
Prior art date
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EP15151589.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2896761A1 (de
Inventor
Paulpeter Hofer
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Leneco Srl
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Leneco Srl
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Priority to PL15151589T priority Critical patent/PL2896761T3/pl
Priority to SI201530044A priority patent/SI2896761T1/sl
Publication of EP2896761A1 publication Critical patent/EP2896761A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2896761B1 publication Critical patent/EP2896761B1/de
Priority to HRP20170431TT priority patent/HRP20170431T1/hr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/12—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of solid wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/40—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of a number of smaller components rigidly or movably connected together, e.g. interlocking, hingedly connected of particular shape, e.g. not rectangular of variable shape or size, e.g. flexible or telescopic panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/127—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with hollow cross section
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/14—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/10—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of wood

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a modular base element, longitudinal member, board and panel with low heat conductivity and improved three-dimensional stability with respect to externally and/or internally acting forces, in particular for the construction of walls and/or flooring of buildings.
  • the perimetral constructional components such as the outer walls, must have various physical and mechanical characteristics in order to meet the various requirements of the sector and in particular: optimum air tightness, static stability, resistance to atmospheric agents and sound-proofing properties, as well as low vapour permeability and heat conductivity and high fire resistance.
  • a further known problem of all solid-wood structures consists in the shrinkage or swelling of the wood caused by the variations in the moisture content of the wood itself; in greater detail, the wood, and generally the organic materials which are increasingly used as building materials, have special characteristics in that their physical properties are structured differently in the three anatomical directions of the wood, i.e.
  • Solid-wood components formed as boards or monobloc structures ( Blockbauweise ) in which the wood veining of the single layers (planks, beams, boards or battens) is arranged in a single direction perpendicular to the direction of the boards.
  • the single wooden elements are joined together by means of glue, plugs, wooden plugs and/or wooden elements.
  • constructional measures for the building must be adopted (such as the so-called block building system for glued laminated board and laminated wood structures) or the constructional components must be assembled so that they cannot be force-fitted together and each component manages to absorb the resultant deformations, while keeping the total length and width of the wooden component in question more or less stable.
  • a special variant is the composite laminated wood structure Holzlagenverbundplatte ) described in EP 1 734 200 B1 (Reinverbund ) and composed of several layers of boards which are arranged in parallel and together with flashing battens).
  • Holzlagenverbund the composite laminated wood structure described in EP 1 734 200 B1 (Reinverbund ) and composed of several layers of boards which are arranged in parallel and together with flashing battens).
  • shrinkage and swelling of the wall or floor constructional component widthwise or lengthwise are avoided, while allowing the single boards to expand freely owing to their associated bilateral joining channels which permit a certain degree of movement and a certain dimensional variation of the single boards.
  • the wooden-block components described above have heat insulation properties which are similar to those of solid wood. Improved values are obtained if the joints are not formed using glue: for example the solid-wood walls ( Thoma-Massivholzwande ) described in DE-20208773U1 achieve better values of the heat insulation properties by means of the provision of superficial grooves in the wooden components.
  • EP 1 288 386 A1 (Walch ) involving the assembly of various layers of boards, some of which have cavities and/or grooves which should allow improved heat insulation.
  • EP-1 715 114A2 also known from EP-1 715 114A2 in the name of the same inventor is another solid-wood component (laminated wooden board component) in which the wall has internal air chambers which should achieve improved temperature gradients of said wall.
  • WO 00/77319 A1 discloses a structural base element according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the technical problem which is posed, therefore, is that of providing a building component made of material which is substantially anisotropic with respect to a longitudinal "veining" direction, preferably wood, for external walls, and is able to provide the following characteristics:
  • the present invention relates furthermore to a longitudinal member for building structures according to the characteristic features of Claim 14 and to a composite panel according to the characteristic features of Claim 18.
  • PANEL supporting element (such as a wall, ceiling or roof) of a structure, made of wood or different material substantially anisotropic in a longitudinal direction and provided with cavities extending in the longitudinal direction.
  • BOARD modular element formed from regular and/or irregular cuts of a panel design and suitable for the formation of panels.
  • a wooden modular base element 10 is obtained from a trunk 1 with veining 1a which is visible also on the base element itself; below, for easier description and without a limiting meaning, a set of three reference axes will be assumed, said axes having given directions, irrespective of the orientation of the figures, namely: a longitudinal direction X-X, parallel to the direction of the veining 1a, or anisotropy, of the base element; transverse direction Y-Y, perpendicular to the said veining and corresponding to the width of the base element 10; and vertical direction Z-Z perpendicular to the plane of the other two axes.
  • the base element 10, after suitable machining, in a first embodiment will have ( Fig. 2 ):
  • the first flange 11 and the second flange 13 have their respective free edges 11c, 13c projecting, in the transverse direction (Y-Y) perpendicular to the veining direction and contained within the plane, beyond the end bounded by the web 12 of the other flange 13,11 and in opposite directions to each other, by a suitable amount (D), preferably, but not necessarily the same for both he flanges.
  • the web 12 In its zones respectively adjacent to the flanges 11 and 13, the web 12 is hollowed out internally so as to form, respectively, a first recess 12a and a second recess 12b extending in the transverse direction Y-Y and open in both senses towards the outside.
  • the geometrical form of the base element is therefore such as to define an inclined theoretical web (indicated by broken lines), resulting in a cross-section of the base element extending in a substantially Z-shaped manner; the inclination of the web 12 is defined by a first angle ⁇ relative to the upper flange 11 and by a second angle ⁇ relative to the second flange 13, which are preferably, but not necessarily, equal to each other.
  • the different depth (Y-Y) and height (Z-Z) of the recesses 12a,12b determine different shapes - which are qualitatively equivalent - of the base element.
  • Figs. 4a,4b show a further variation of embodiment of the base element 210 which has in this case:
  • the opposite free end edges 11c and 13c of the two flanges 11 and 13 extend by an amount "D" beyond the opposite corners connecting together the web and the two flanges.
  • the inclination of the theoretical webs 12 and 212 relative to the two flanges 11 and 13 has angles ⁇ and ⁇ which are smaller than 90°, preferably ranging between 15° and 75° and even more preferably ranging between 40° and 60°.
  • Fig. 5 shows variations of exemplary embodiments with different chamfering of the geometrical form of the base element shown in Fig. 4 ; the variations in shape are not described in detail since they have the same characteristics which are common to all the base elements according to the invention, as may be established by the person skilled in the art.
  • the base element 310 has:
  • Fig. 7 shows exemplary embodiments with variations in the geometrical form of the base element shown in Fig. 6 ; the embodiments are not described in detail since they have the same characteristics which are common to all the base elements according to the invention, as may be established by the person skilled in the art.
  • Fig. 8 it is possible to provide longitudinal members 500a-500n extending in the longitudinal direction X-X of veining 1a and formed by the joining together of base elements 10,210,310 identical to each other (500a - 5001), but also different (500m,500n), these being joined along the outer surface 11a, 13a of the respective base flanges 11,13 and/or the free edges parallel to the vertical direction Z-Z and in the following manner:
  • the common element which characterizes the longitudinal members 500 consists of the said internal cavity 501a-501n extending in the longitudinal direction X-X and formed by the joining together of the recesses 12a-12b; 212a-212b; 312a-312b of the different base elements 10,210,310.
  • the cross-section of the longitudinal cavity is approximately in the form of an hour-glass, X-shaped, I-shaped or with irregular shapes, but all of these being such as to maintain a structure with theoretical inclination webs always directed inwardly and converging towards the centre of the said cavity and designed to ensure special dynamic behavioural responses, as will be described more fully below.
  • Fig. 9 shows an example of a panel 1001 according to the invention which comprises longitudinal members arranged alongside each other in one direction Y-Y of the two directions Y-Y;Z-Z perpendicular to the longitudinal direction X-X and which has X-shaped cavities 1501 extending in the longitudinal direction X-X of the veining 1a.
  • the smallest size panel will comprise only two longitudinal members arranged alongside each other in one or the other of the transverse direction Y-Y or vertical direction Z-Z perpendicular to the longitudinal direction X-X of the veining 1a.
  • the panel will generally comprise several rows of longitudinal members arranged alongside each other, thus defining panels according to the invention with cavities arranged aligned in rows or columns along one of the two directions perpendicular to the direction X-X, each row or column being staggered, by half a cavity in the other direction perpendicular to the direction X-X, with respect to the adjacent row or column.
  • Fig. 10 shows a further example of a panel, similar to that of Fig. 9 , but completed with closing surfaces 201 applied to the opposite free surfaces 11a and 13a of the flanges 11 and 13 so as to provide a surface finish.
  • these closing surfaces 201 may also be designed to function as a barrier layer/element in a direction perpendicular to the direction X-X, as will be described more fully below, or also as a layer for improving the static resistance.
  • Fig. 11 shows a further embodiment of a panel according to the invention with closing surfaces 201 and ducts 1251 for the air flow and/or for housing service installations such as electrical connections 1251a.
  • Fig. 12 shows a further embodiment of a panel with longitudinal cavities in the form of an hour-glass.
  • a barrier element arranged perpendicularly to only one of the directions transverse to the direction of the veining 1a of the wood; by means of the barrier element and the particular cavity and web structure of the panel dimensional variations of the latter are blocked in both the senses transverse to the direction of the wood veining, as will become clearer below.
  • Fig. 13 shows a panel 1101, similar to the panel 1001 shown in Fig. 9 , to which two barrier layers 1050 have been applied, on the opposite outer surfaces of the flanges 1011a and 1013b; in the preferred example of Fig. 13 the barrier layers are also composed of panels similar to those described in Fig. 9 ; it can be noted how the barrier layers 1050 are applied in directions of the veining 1051a perpendicular to the directions of the longitudinal veining 1a of the panel.
  • Fig. 14 shows a panel with internal barrier layers 1150, namely parallel to the vertical direction Z-Z.
  • Figure 15 shows an example of a building structure where the walls are made with panels 1000 according to the invention having continuous cavities extending parallel to the direction of the veining 1a and arranged rotated so as to position said cavities so that they are open in the vertical direction Z-Z; it is envisaged however also being able to provide cavities open in the horizontal direction of said wall, if required for statics-related reasons, for example in the case of floor structures.
  • This configuration of the panel 1000 produces therefore an important technical effect with regard to the heat conduction of the walls of the building structure: in fact, leaving aside the heat passage through the cavities, the heat flow which passes through the cross-section of the wood in the transverse direction Y-Y perpendicular to the longitudinal direction X-X of the veining (in Figure 15 corresponding to the vertical direction Z-Z) and to the joining direction of the longitudinal members, diminishes considerably since it is forced to follow a long path only across the flanges 11,13 and associated connecting webs 12,212,312.
  • a fundamental feature of the panels according to the invention consists in the fact that the cavity and inclined web sequences give rise to a dimensional variation which is always uniform in both directions, i.e. transverse direction Y-Y and vertical direction Z-Z, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction X-X of the veining.
  • the webs and their joining points form within the cross-section a bar system which is highly undefined from the point of view of statics, being prone to deform when subject to the action of forces.
  • a similar simultaneous deformation behaviour dy,dz occurs both along Y-Y and along Z-Z ( Fig. 17 ) in the case of internal forces caused by the swelling/shrinkage of the panel due to the variations in the moisture content affecting it (or also the thermal expansion in the case of a variation in temperature); however, in this case, the flanges and webs deform simultaneously, leaving unvaried the angle Q between them ( Fig. 17 ).
  • the use of a barrier element applied to the panel perpendicularly with respect to only one of the directions transverse to the longitudinal direction of anisotropy or veining of the wood, as shown with reference to Figs. 10 , 13 and 14 ensures that, via the barrier element and the particular recess and web structure of the panel, externally detectable dimensional variations of the structure due to shrinkage and swelling are prevented in both senses transverse to the direction of the wood veining or generally direction of anisotropy of the material.
  • the internal structure absorbs most of the forces which are generated on the panel as a result of shrinkage and/or swelling of the wood, thus allowing the barrier element to absorb a limited force in order to keep the element stable.
  • Fixing of the barrier element may be performed using different methods, externally by means of combined force-fitting together with stable strapping; or internally by joining together elements using glued through-plugs made of wood or other material; it is also possible to perform pre-tensioning (with a zero or higher pre-tensioning force) of the elements using bars (which may also be threaded) of different types and made of different material, or using other joining means pre-tensioned transversely with respect to the direction of the veining.
  • the advantage of the proposed structure is that the force which acts on the barrier element is much smaller than that which the cross-section of the wood would lead one to assume; the element is in fact able to deform internally, without causing significant differences in the external dimensions; consequently, in order to prevent gaps or the formation of constructional gaps, a much smaller force, and no longer the total force generated by shrinkage and swelling, has to be absorbed by means of the barrier element.
  • one of more of these panels may be used as a barrier layer, further barrier layers ( Fig. 13 ) with a different configuration thus no longer being needed. It is also possible for the surfaces to have different characteristics and be able to withstand different external agents. It is thus possible, by means of a varying surface composition and structure, to obtain reactions which may adapt to the different forces involved.
  • barrier layers for the panels according to the invention may be dispensed with, in view of the minimum forces acting on them. This is the case for example of panels according to the invention which are installed as wall elements with the height of one storey and which are force-fitted along their whole width together with the floor slab and floor structure.
  • a plurality of boards 419-426 arranged opposite each other in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of extension of the veining, form the panels according to the present invention, wherein the boards constitute the longitudinal joining elements for forming the longitudinal members or directly the finished panels.
  • said boards comprise several base elements 10,110,210, or suitable cut designs thereof, which are joined together along the respective outer surfaces 11a,13a of the flanges 11,13.
  • Figs. 19-27 also show the different machined designs obtained using cutting tools such as saws, milling cutters and the like in order to obtain the desired configurations of the boards and therefore the simple production of the panels according to the invention in the case of wood materials or similarly machinable materials.
  • the panels may be made using different technologies such as extrusion along the longitudinal direction X-X and subsequent cutting and addition so as to form different sections which determine the various shapes of the panels and the associated longitudinal webs and recesses.
  • material machining methods are of a conventional nature and performed using sawing or milling tools.
  • the base elements, the longitudinal members and the panels according to the invention have heat insulation, structural strength, soundproofing and heat conductivity characteristics which are substantially better than those of solid elements.
  • the special I-shaped, X-shaped or hour-glass like form and the arrangement of the cavities aligned in one of the two directions perpendicular to the veining of the wood and staggered relative to each other in the other perpendicular direction, together with the use of a barrier element in one of the directions transverse to the direction of the wood veining, have the effect that the shrinkage and swelling of the wood are compensated for in both directions transverse to the direction of the wood veining, with the wood shrinkage and swelling forces being mainly absorbed by the single element, thus resulting in the barrier element having to absorb less force in order to keep the element in a stable form.
  • cavities having a width smaller than 5 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 5 mm, flange and web thicknesses greater than about 4 cm, depending also on the type of wood, and solid-void ratios preferably of between 70%:30% and 50%:50%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Non-Insulated Conductors (AREA)

Claims (23)

  1. Modulares Basisteil (10, 210, 310), das aus einem Material hergestellt ist, das bezüglich dem Temperaturverhalten und/oder der Verformung aufgrund von Schrumpfen oder Ausdehnen in einer Längsrichtung (X-X) der Maserung (1a) im Wesentlichen anisotrop ist, umfassend:
    - einen ersten Flansch (11), der sich parallel zu der Längsrichtung (X-X) der Maserung erstreckt und eine Breite aufweist, die sich in eine erste Richtung (Y-Y) senkrecht zu der Längsrichtung ( X-X) erstreckt, wobei eine Oberfläche (11a) davon flach ist;
    - einen zweiten Flansch (13), der sich parallel zu der Längsrichtung (X-X) der Maserung (1a) erstreckt und eine Breite aufweist, die sich in eine erste Richtung (Y-Y) senkrecht zu der Längsrichtung (X-X) erstreckt, wobei eine Oberfläche (13a) davon flach ist;
    - einen Steg (12, 212, 313), der eine (11c, 13c) der beiden gegenüberliegenden Endkanten des ersten Flansches (11) und des zweiten Flansches (13) miteinander verbindet;
    wobei
    - eine erste Aussparung (12a, 212a, 312a) zwischen dem Steg (12, 212, 312) und dem ersten Flansch (11) gebildet ist und eine zweite Aussparung (12b, 212b, 312b) zwischen dem Steg (12, 212, 312) und dem zweiten Flansch (13) gebildet ist, wobei sich beide Aussparungen in Längsrichtung (X-X) parallel zu der Maserung (1a) erstrecken und einen schrägen theoretischen Steg definieren, der die beiden Flansche miteinander verbindet und eine Neigung aufweist, die durch einen zugehörigen spitzen Winkel (α, β) (d.h. < 90°) definiert ist, der mit dem ersten Flansch und dem zweiten Flansch gebildet ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die jeweilige freie Kante (11c, 13c) des ersten Flansches (11) und des zweiten Flansches (13) um einen geeigneten Betrag in Querrichtung (Y-Y) der Breite des Flansches, senkrecht zu der Maserrichtung (X-X), über die Ecke hervorsteht, die den Steg (12) mit dem anderen Flansch (13, 11), und umgekehrt, miteinander verbindet.
  2. Basisteil gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Aussparung (12a) und die zweite Aussparung (12b) in Querrichtung (Y-Y) ausgebildet sind.
  3. Basisteil gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Aussparung (12a) eine Tiefe in Querrichtung aufweist, die dieselbe ist wie die Tiefe der zweiten Aussparung (12b).
  4. Basisteil gemäß Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Aussparung (12a) eine Tiefe in Querrichtung aufweist, die unterschiedlich zu der Tiefe der zweiten Aussparung (12b) ist.
  5. Basisteil gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Größe des Neigungswinkels (α, β) des theoretischen Stegs (12, 212, 312) bezüglich des ersten Flansches (11) oder des zweiten Flansches (12) 15° bis 75° beträgt, vorzugsweise 40° bis 60°.
  6. Basisteil (10, 210, 310) gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es Aussparungen aufweist, die derart geformt sind, dass sie eine schräge Stangenform des Stegs und eine z-förmige Form des Basisteils in Querschnittsrichtung definieren.
  7. Basisteil (10, 210, 310) gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Betrag (D), um welchen die freien Kanten (11c, 13c) der beiden Flansche (11, 13) in Querrichtung (Y-Y) der Breite des Flansches, senkrecht zu der Richtung der Maserung (X-X), vorstehen, für beide freien Kanten (11c, 13c) gleich ist.
  8. Basisteil (10, 210, 310), gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es umfasst:
    - einen ersten Spoiler (311), der mit dem ersten Flansch an dessen freien Ende (11c) verbunden ist und in Richtung des zweiten Flansches (13) ausgerichtet ist, wobei der Spoiler (311) eine Außenfläche (11a), die parallel zu der Vertikalrichtung (Z-Z) ist, und eine Innenfläche (313b) aufweist, die parallel zu dem ersten Steg (212) geneigt ist;
    - einen zweiten Spoiler (313) mit einer im Wesentlichen dreieckigen Querschnittsform, wobei der Spoiler eine integral mit dem freien Ende des zweiten Flansches (13) ausgebildete Grundfläche aufweist, wobei die Außenseite (313a) des Spoilers (313) parallel zu der Vertikalrichtung (Z-Z) ist und die Schrägseite (313b) im Wesentlichen parallel zu dem Steg (212) ist.
  9. Längsteil (500a-500n), das sich in einer Längsrichtung (X-X) der Maserung (1a) erstreckt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es durch das Verbinden von Basisteilen (10, 210, 310) gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 8 gebildet ist, die zum Bilden eines Innenhohlraums verbunden sind, der sich in Längsrichtung (X-X) der Maserung erstreckt und vier Winkel zwischen den Flanschen und den theoretischen Stegen aufweist, um theoretische Stege zu definieren, die in Richtung des Zentrums des Hohlraums konvergieren.
  10. Längsteil (500a-500n) gemäß Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es umfasst:
    - ein erstes Paar Basisteile (10, 210, 310), die jeweils nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 ausgebildet sind und in einer Spiegelbildanordnung in einer ersten Richtung senkrecht bezüglich der Längsrichtung (X-X) miteinander verbunden sind;
    - ein zweites Paar Basisteile (10, 210, 310), die jeweils nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 ausgebildet sind und miteinander in derselben ersten Richtung senkrecht zu der Längsrichtung (X-X) verbunden sind;
    - wobei die zwei Paare von Basisteilen (10, 210, 310) derart in der anderen Richtung senkrecht zu der Maserung miteinander verbunden sind, dass der Längshohlraum mit theoretischen Stegen ausgebildet ist, die in Richtung des Zentrums des Hohlraums konvergieren.
  11. Längsteil (500a-500n) gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Querschnitt des Längshohlraums näherungsweise sanduhrförmig, x-förmig, i-förmig oder unregelmäßig ausgebildet ist, um eine Struktur mit schrägen theoretischen Stegen zu erhalten, die in jedem Fall nach innen gerichtet sind und in Richtung des Zentrums dieses Hohlraums konvergieren.
  12. Längsteil (500a-500n) gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Basisteile entlang der äußeren flachen Oberfläche (11a, 13a) und/oder entlang den freien Kanten (11c, 13c) parallel zu der Vertikalrichtung (Z-Z) des jeweiligen Basisflansches (11, 13) miteinander verbunden sind.
  13. Paneel (1000), das aus einem Material hergestellt ist, das bezüglich dem Temperaturverhalten und/oder der Verformung aufgrund von Schrumpfen oder Ausdehnen in einer Längsrichtung (X-X) der Maserung (1a) im Wesentlichen anisotrop ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es mehrere Innenhohlräume umfasst, die durch das Verbinden von Basisteilen (10, 210, 310) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 gebildet sind, die sich in Längsrichtung (X-X) der Maserung erstrecken und vier spitze Winkel (α, β) zwischen Flanschen (11, 13, 211, 213, 311, 313) und theoretischen Stegen aufweisen, wobei die Winkel (α, β) derart gewählt sind, dass sie theoretische Stege definieren, die in Richtung des Zentrums des Hohlraums konvergieren.
  14. Paneel (1000) gemäß dem vorstehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Längshohlräume in Reihen oder Spalten entlang einer der beiden Richtungen (Y-Y, Z-Z) senkrecht zu der Richtung der Maserung zueinander ausgerichtet sind, wobei jede Reihe oder Spalte von Hohlräumen bezüglich der benachbarten Reihe oder Spalte versetzt ist.
  15. Paneel (1000) gemäß dem vorstehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das relative Versetzen von Reihen und Spalten, in denen die Längsspalte zueinander ausgerichtet sind, einen Versatz aufweist, der einer Hälfte eines Hohlraums entspricht.
  16. Paneel (1000) gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Innenhohlräume (501a-501n), die sich in Längsrichtung (X-X) erstrecken, durch das Verbinden der Aussparungen (12a-12b, 212a-212b, 312a-312b) von verschiedenen Basisteilen (10, 210, 310) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 definiert sind.
  17. Paneel gemäß den vorstehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Querschnitt der Längshohlräume derart ausgebildet ist, dass eine Struktur mit schrägen theoretischen Stegen entsteht, die in jedem Fall nach innen gerichtet sind und in Richtung des Zentrums dieses Hohlraums konvergieren.
  18. Paneel gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Querschnitt der Längshohlräume näherungsweise sanduhrförmig, x-förmig oder i-förmig ist.
  19. Paneel gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es wenigstens ein Sperrteil aufweist, das in einer Richtung anisotrop ist, wobei dieses Sperrteil in einer der beiden Richtungen senkrecht zu der Längsrichtung (X-X) derart eingesetzt ist, dass diese Richtung der Anisotropie senkrecht zu der Längsrichtung (X-X) ist.
  20. Paneel gemäß den vorstehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es wenigstens zwei Längsteile gemäß einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 13 aufweist, die längs aneinander in einer der beiden Richtung (Y-Y, Z-Z) senkrecht zu der Längsrichtung (X-X) angeordnet sind.
  21. Modulare Platte (418-426), die aus einem Material hergestellt ist, das im Wesentlichen eine Maserung in einer Längsrichtung (X-X) aufweist und bezüglich dem Temperaturverhalten und/oder der Deformation aufgrund von Schrumpfen oder Ausdehnen in der Längsrichtung (X-X) der Maserung (1a) anisotrop ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es durch das regelmäßige oder unregelmäßige Schneiden der Form eines Paneels gemäß einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 20 gebildet ist.
  22. Platte gemäß Anspruch 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es mehrere Basisteile (10, 210, 310) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 aufweist, die in einer Richtung senkrecht zu der Längsrichtung (X-X) der Maserung (1a) miteinander verbunden sind.
  23. Paneel gemäß einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es mittels des Verbindens von Platten gemäß einem der Ansprüche 21 und 22 gebildet ist, die in wenigstens einer der beiden Richtungen (Y-Y, Z-Z) senkrecht zu der Längsrichtung (X-X) miteinander verbunden sind.
EP15151589.7A 2014-01-21 2015-01-19 Modulares Basiselement sowie Längsträger, Bohle und Tafel aus solchen Basiselementen Active EP2896761B1 (de)

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PL15151589T PL2896761T3 (pl) 2014-01-21 2015-01-19 Modułowy element podstawowy oraz człon wzdłużny, deska i panel utworzone z takich elementów podstawowych
SI201530044A SI2896761T1 (sl) 2014-01-21 2015-01-19 Modularni osnovni element kot tudi vzdolžni člen, deska in plošča, tvorjeni s takimi osnovnimi elementi
HRP20170431TT HRP20170431T1 (hr) 2014-01-21 2017-03-16 Modularni temeljni element kao i uzdužni nosač, greda i ploča, oblikovani pomoću takvih temeljnih elemenata

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AT518854B1 (de) * 2016-06-27 2019-11-15 Schmidt Michael Lamellen-Bauelement
EP3536990B1 (de) 2018-03-06 2021-08-04 Leneco S.r.l. Holzdübel mit gewinde zum verbinden von holzelementen, verfahren zum einsetzen des dübels in holzelemente und werkzeug zum einsetzen des holzdübels
DE102022203665A1 (de) * 2022-04-12 2023-10-12 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein Bauteil zur Herstellung von Gebäudeteilen wie Wände und Decken

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DE835646C (de) * 1946-09-06 1952-04-03 Emil Eggstein Holzbrett als Bauelement von aus Schichten bestehenden Baugliedern
BE700189A (de) * 1967-06-20 1967-12-01
US5079894A (en) * 1990-06-25 1992-01-14 Forintek Canada Corp. Wooden X-beam
DE29610829U1 (de) * 1996-06-20 1996-09-12 Müller, Johann, 26892 Dörpen Bauelement
FI105790B (sv) * 1999-01-28 2000-10-13 Johan Tore Karlstroem Förfarande för tillverkning av reglar och regelsystem
CA2340121A1 (en) 1999-06-10 2000-12-21 Brett Malcolm Z-stud structural member
EP1288386A1 (de) 2001-09-04 2003-03-05 Vorarlberger Ökohaus GmbH Wand- oder Deckenelement
DE20208773U1 (de) 2002-06-05 2002-09-19 Thoma, Erwin, St. Johann/Pongau Vorgefertigtes Schichtholzelement
EP1715114A2 (de) 2005-04-20 2006-10-25 Walch AG Massivholz-Bauelement
ITBZ20050031A1 (it) 2005-06-17 2006-12-18 Reinverbund S R L Elemento di parete per edificio e panello composito di strati di legno
CH701370A2 (de) 2009-06-30 2010-12-31 Gisler Holzbau Verfahren zur Herstellung von Holz-Strukturelementen, ein Holz-Strukturelement und Lamellenelement.

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LT2896761T (lt) 2017-04-10
EP2896761A1 (de) 2015-07-22
PL2896761T3 (pl) 2017-06-30
SI2896761T1 (sl) 2017-04-26
HUE032163T2 (en) 2017-09-28
HRP20170431T1 (hr) 2017-07-14

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