[go: up one dir, main page]

EP2884818B1 - Dispositif de chauffage, procédés d'impression respectifs et utilisation - Google Patents

Dispositif de chauffage, procédés d'impression respectifs et utilisation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP2884818B1
EP2884818B1 EP13774822.4A EP13774822A EP2884818B1 EP 2884818 B1 EP2884818 B1 EP 2884818B1 EP 13774822 A EP13774822 A EP 13774822A EP 2884818 B1 EP2884818 B1 EP 2884818B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
printed
tracks
comprised
printing
carbon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13774822.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2884818C0 (fr
EP2884818A2 (fr
Inventor
Miguel Bruno VIEIRA RIBEIRO
Bruno Guilherme GONÇALVES MATOS
André Lourenço CALDEIRA PINTO
António MIGUEL GONÇALVES
João Manuel DE CARVALHO GOMES
José Fernando OLIVEIRA DA SILVA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centitvc - Centro De Nanotecnologia E Materiais Te
Original Assignee
Centitvc Centro de Nanotecnologia e Materiais Tecnicos Funcionais e Inteligentes
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Centitvc Centro de Nanotecnologia e Materiais Tecnicos Funcionais e Inteligentes filed Critical Centitvc Centro de Nanotecnologia e Materiais Tecnicos Funcionais e Inteligentes
Publication of EP2884818A2 publication Critical patent/EP2884818A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2884818C0 publication Critical patent/EP2884818C0/fr
Publication of EP2884818B1 publication Critical patent/EP2884818B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/265—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/267—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an organic material, e.g. plastic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/016—Heaters using particular connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/026—Heaters specially adapted for floor heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/02—Heaters specially designed for de-icing or protection against icing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/04—Heating means manufactured by using nanotechnology

Definitions

  • the present application describes heating circuits composed of metallic and/or non-metallic conductive material in the form of thin films, printed on flexible or rigid substrates.
  • WO2007076506A1 a system for effective defrosting of a plastic window is disclosed which includes a transparent plastic panel, a heating grill which includes a plurality of heating lines that are integrated in the plastic panel and equalizing means of the electrical currents that run through each one of the lines.
  • a heating grill which includes a plurality of heating lines that are integrated in the plastic panel and equalizing means of the electrical currents that run through each one of the lines.
  • This document does not present the same geometry/structure/form presented in this application, nor the possibility to process these systems on flexible substrates already mentioned and/or rigid substrates such as concrete and/or ceramic and/or wood agglomerates.
  • the resistive material referred in the document is also different from the one presented in the present application, its use not being indicated in any claim.
  • processing methods mentioned in the present application also enjoy novelty when combined with flexible and/or rigid substrates already mentioned, in the manufacturing of these heating systems.
  • US 2008/099617 A1 (GILMORE CHRISTOPHER J [GB] ET AL) 1 May 2008 (2008-05-01) describes a method for manufacturing a flexible or non flexible electrically conductive heater by perforating a pair of electrically conductive bus bars; plating the bus bars with a metal or a metal alloy; and affixing the bus bars to a resistive heating element with an electrically conductive adhesive.
  • the present application describes a printed heating device according to claim 1.
  • a control electronic system is coupled to the printed heating device, which comprises:
  • the printed bus bars on the printed heating device present lengths ranging between 50 and 5000 mm.
  • the printed tracks on the printed heating device may present a length that could vary between 40 and 200 mm, a width comprised between 2.5 and 15 mm and a thickness that is comprised between 2 and 100 um.
  • the distance between the bus bars printed on the printed heating device is comprised between 40 and 100 mm.
  • the distance between tracks printed on the printed heating device is comprised between 2.5 and 15 mm.
  • the flexible substrate of the printed heating device is carried out in polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and/or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and/or cork, and/or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), and/or meshes coated with polymeric films.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • TPO thermoplastic polyolefin
  • the printed heating device may be incorporated in concrete, and/or glass and/or ceramic and/or wood agglomerates typically compatible with sheet to sheet systems.
  • the materials used in the printing of the resistive tracks and/or films of the printed heating device comprise the following composition:
  • the materials used in the printing of conductive tracks of the printed heating device comprise the following composition:
  • the method for printing on a roll to roll system on flexible substrates of the printed heating device may also comprise the following steps:
  • the method of printing by the rotogravure technology on a roll to roll system for obtaining the printed heating device comprises the following steps:
  • the printing method by the inkjet technology on a sheet to sheet system for obtaining the printed heating device comprises the following steps:
  • the heating device for heating indoor and outdoor floors, on chairs, sofas and seats, in particular on the seats and supports for legs and arms and also in the vehicles' doors and dashboards.
  • the present application describes heating devices whose essential elements are: low electrical conductivity materials (resistive) responsible for the heating of the circuit, high electrical conductivity materials used in the bus bars of the heating circuit and the connections between the modules of the heating circuits and a flexible substrate, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and/or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and/or cork and/or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) and/or meshes coated with polymer films, or rigid substrates such as concrete and/or glass and/or ceramic and/or wood agglomerates by printing techniques of screen printing and/or rotogravure and/or inkjet printing on roll to roll and/or sheet to sheet systems.
  • a flexible substrate such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and/or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and/or cork and/or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) and/or meshes coated with polymer films, or rigid substrates such as concrete and/or glass and/or ceramic
  • the circuits can be laminated and/or coated with different materials after printing for mechanical and electrical protection, depending on the desired final application.
  • a final application in the building industry are used for heating indoor and outdoor floors, also being used in chairs, sofas and seats in the furniture industry.
  • aeronautic industry are used in seats and foot rests and arms.
  • car industry are used on seats, armrests, doors and dashboards.
  • the heating devices are composed of metallic and/or non-metallic and/or composite materials, used as current conductors and as resistive systems.
  • the combination of these two types of materials allows the heating of the structure by the known Joule effect.
  • the printed circuit it flows an adjustable electric current, whose value is dependent on the applied electric voltage and of the resistance of the printed circuit to the passage of electric current.
  • the passage of electric current gives rise to the heating of the previously dimensioned resistive tracks when projecting the electrical circuit.
  • the dimensioning of the conductive tracks and the resistive tracks of the system enables to calibrate and dimensioning the circuit for obtaining different temperatures, operating modes, operating voltages and currents. Thus, one ensures a total adaptability of these circuits to external power supply systems.
  • the devices now disclosed comprise three different geometries/designs/formats, presenting different advantages, being noteworthy that the possibility of obtaining a larger heating area and/or the opportunity to make the sectioning of the circuit to the required dimension in two different directions, without loss of any functionality.
  • the temperature reached at the surface of the printed circuit depends on the electric voltage applied to the terminals of the same, the sizes of the respective lines, the thickness of the printed films, the substrate on which is printed, the materials used in their preparation, the type of association, i.e.
  • the electrical dimensioning of the electronic control circuit and of the geometries/designs/formats of heating printed circuit is designed according to the area to be heated, to the properties of materials to be used and to the electric voltage available to carry out the power supply of the circuit.
  • the same is carried out based on desired power per area. Based on this value it is possible to proceed to the dimensional calculation of the resistive material tracks, namely its width, length and thickness, and consequently its electrical resistance value, thereby enabling foreseen the amount of energy dissipated by the circuit as heat.
  • the electrical resistivity values of the materials after its printing For the correct electrical dimensioning it is necessary to have in mind the electrical resistivity values of the materials after its printing.
  • the power of the printed heating circuit varies with the electrical dimensioning previously carried out, the values obtained were comprised between 100 and 350 W/m 2 .
  • the encapsulation of the printed heating circuits on flexible and/or rigid substrates is carried out by rolling, and/or hot-gluing, and/or slot die, and/or doctor blade, and/or knife-over-edge, and/or screen printing, and/or spray, of a polymeric material curable by UV and/or temperature.
  • the use of techniques such as slot die and/or doctor blade and/or knife-over-edge presents a novelty compared to methods already known for flexible and/or rigid substrates.
  • the main objectives of encapsulation are to protect the circuit against abrasion and humidity, and the electrical insulation of the system.
  • the electronic control system regulates the temperature of the system according to the temperature previously set by the user.
  • This system is integrated between the power supply and the printed heating circuit, thereby regulating the current intensity and/or time of application of electrical voltage to the heating circuit.
  • This electronic control system is constituted by: a power supply for the circuits, temperature sensors for monitoring, electronic temperature control system, barrier film for electrical and mechanical protection.
  • This type of devices whose intended application is the heating, offer many advantages such as low weight, small thickness and high flexibility and can be easily laminated with other type of materials. Once they are placed close to the surfaces to heat up, the power dissipated to the surface will be lower, resulting in lower energy consumptions compared to other conventional heating systems.
  • resistive materials carbon pastes and/or carbon composite materials are used, capable of being processed by screen printing technology, and/or rotogravure and/or inkjet printing. These types of materials are used due to its higher sheet resistivity whose value is comprised between 394 and 3940 Ohm/sq/mm (10 and 100 Ohm/sq/mil), in order to enable a high efficiency of heating through Joule effect. Due to its high strength, the long circuit dimensioning has some limitations due to the loss of electric voltage seen across these, thereby influencing the desired heating.
  • bus bars With the aim of reducing the electrical resistance of circuits with larger dimensions, silver and/or copper and/or aluminum tracks are printed, typically denominated bus bars, along the circuits.
  • These conductive materials present low sheet resistivity, whose value is comprised between 0.197 and 1.57 Ohm/sq/mm (5 and 40 mOhm/sq/mil) and therefore does not dissipate too much energy by Joule effect.
  • the bus bars transport electric current uniformly to the various terminals of the carbon and/or carbon composite material tracks, thus permitting uniform release of thermal energy throughout the various tracks of the resistive material used.
  • the dimensioning of the heating circuits is developed, based on the electrical resistivity of the materials used and the voltages that are typically used in many applications where they may be embedded.
  • the printed heating circuit is powered by electric voltage DC (direct current) or AC (alternating current), its value being able to be adjusted in order to control the temperature thereof, or the environment in which it is embedded.
  • the type of electrical voltage applied to the circuit varies with the intended final product, which can be a DC for heating solutions whose intended final application is related to the aeronautic, car and furniture industries, or AC for solutions related to the building industry.
  • the use of printed heating circuits is possible in this range of electrical voltages, through the use of an AC-DC transformer which allows the conversion of alternating current into direct current.
  • the operating temperature of the printed circuits can be monitored and controlled through the placement of temperature sensors in contact with these.
  • the acquired data are recorded and/or worked by the electronic circuit wherein these are inserted, thereby enabling the temperature control in real time.
  • an association of these to an "on/off" circuit is carried out that allows to connect and/or disconnect the circuit, thereby maintaining the temperature on the surface between a maximum value and a minimum value.
  • thermocontrol in the surface of the printed heating circuit it is possible the association of a circuit that allows the current control that flows through the circuit, based on the values acquired by the temperature sensors whose placement was previously carried out in the surface.
  • printed bus bars (2, 3) are used with lengths ranging from 50 to 5000 mm. For lengths greater than the maximum mentioned there is a drop in electrical voltage that affects the normal functioning of the heating circuits.
  • the widths of these tracks are comprised between 2.5 and 15 mm and its thickness ranges between 2 and 100 um.
  • the distance between the bus bars (2, 3), varies between 40 and 100mm, with this value being dimensioned according to the specifications of the carbon and/or carbon composite material tracks.
  • the printed carbon and/or carbon composite material tracks (1) have a length which may vary between 40 and 100 mm, a width between 2.5 and 15 mm, and a thickness comprised between 2 and 100 um.
  • the distance between the carbon and/or carbon composite material tracks (1) is equal to the width of the printed carbon and/or carbon composite material tracks, and may thus vary between 2.5 and 15 mm.
  • carbon and/or carbon composite material tracks have a total electrical resistance comprised between 0.5 and 8 k ⁇ , the sheet resistivity of the printed material being comprised between 394 and 3940 Ohm/sq/mm (10 and 100 Ohm/sq/mil) .
  • carbon and/or composite material tracks (1) are printed with twice the length of the printed tracks of the geometry shown in Figure 1 , and for three silver and/or copper and/or aluminum bus bars (2).
  • This geometry allows the heating of a superior area, maintaining the temperature uniform across the surface, following the operation principle present in the geometry illustrated in Figure 1 .
  • the positive terminal of the power supply is applied to the exterior bus bars and the negative terminal is applied to the interior bus bar.
  • printed bus bars (2) are used with lengths ranging from 50 to 5000 mm. For lengths greater than the maximum mentioned there is a drop in electrical voltage that affects the normal functioning of the heating circuits.
  • the widths of these tracks are comprised between 2.5 and 15 mm, and its thickness ranges between 2 and 100 um.
  • the distance between the bus bars (2) varies between 40 and 100 mm, this value should be dimensioned according to the specifications of the printed carbon and/or carbon composite material tracks.
  • the printed bus bars have a total electrical resistance comprised between 0.01 and 10 ⁇ , the sheet resistivity of the printed material being comprised between 0.197 and 1.57 Ohm/sq/mm (5 and 40 mOhm/sq/mil).
  • the printed carbon and/or carbon composite material tracks (1) have a length which may vary between 80 and 200 mm, a width between 2.5 and 15 mm, and a thickness comprised between 2 and 100 um.
  • the distance between the printed carbon and/or carbon composite material tracks (1) is equal to the width of the carbon and/or carbon composite materials tracks, for this reason ranging between 2.5 and 15 mm.
  • the printed carbon and/or carbon composite materials tracks have a total electrical resistance comprised between 1 and 16 k ⁇ , the sheet resistivity of the printed material being comprised between 394 and 3940 Ohm/sq/mm (10 and 100 Ohm/sq/mil).
  • silver and/or copper and/or aluminum bus bars (2) are printed, being subsequently printed a continuous film of carbon and/or carbon composite materials (1).
  • silver and/or copper and/or aluminum bus bars are printed perpendicular to the previously printed ones.
  • the main purpose of the geometry used for printing perpendicular bus bars is to allow the subsequent cutting of the printed circuits in two different directions, without any interruption in the conduction of the electric current through the bus bars. In this way it is ensured that, regardless of the cut that takes place, there will be conduction of electric current through the upper and/or lower bus bars.
  • the use of a carbon continuous film and/or carbon composite materials has as main advantage the high temperature uniformity obtained along the entire surface of the device. However, this device is not as flexible as the devices composed of carbon and/or composite material tracks.
  • printed bus bars are used (2) with lengths ranging between 50 and 500 mm. For lengths greater than the maximum mentioned there is a drop of electrical voltage that affects the normal functioning of the heating circuits.
  • the widths of these tracks are comprised between 2.5 and 15 mm, and its thickness ranges between 2 and 100 um.
  • the distance between the printed bus bars (2) varies between 40 and 100 mm, this value should be dimensioned according to the specifications of the printed carbon tracks and/or carbon composite materials.
  • the printed bus bars have a total electrical resistance comprised between 0.01 and 35 ⁇ , the sheet resistivity of the printed material being comprised between 0.197 and 1.57 Ohm/sq/mm (5 and 40 mOhm/sq/mil).
  • the printed carbon film and/or carbon composite materials (1) have a length which may vary between 80 and 200 mm, a width between 2.5 and 15 mm, and a thickness comprised between 2 and 100 um.
  • printed carbon films and/or carbon composite material have a total electrical resistance comprised between 10 and 2000 ⁇ , the sheet resistivity of the printed material being comprised between 394 and 3940 Ohm/sq/mm (10 and 100 Ohm/sq/mil).
  • the two materials that compose the heating circuits are printed by screen printing and/or rotogravure and/or inkjet printing on roll to roll and/or sheet to sheet systems, being the chosen printing technology, tailored to the substrate used.
  • the ink is forced to pass to the substrate through a frame which is perforated with the pattern that one wants to print out, this being constituted by polyester or metal.
  • a squeegee is used composed of a natural or synthetic rubber, normally flexible polychloroprene or polyurethane.
  • the printing process of the heating circuits by the screen printing technology may be carried out on a sheet to sheet and/or roll to roll systems.
  • steps for printing a sheet to sheet system on flexible and/or rigid substrates are presented:
  • the dimensions of the printed circuits, and the tracks that compose them, are defined by the frame used to make the printing.
  • the amount of material which is printed is defined by the characteristics of the frame and the processing parameters used.
  • the curing of the material after the printing is done in dryers/ovens with ventilation.
  • the pattern that one wants to print out is previously engraved in a stainless steel cylinder. Subsequently it is forced to pass in a bath with the ink and/or paste that is intended to print, in order to ensure that all of it is coated with it. Prior to the printing, the ink and/or paste in excess that remains in the non-engraved roll surface is withdrawn by a metal blade (or a fabric) which is in permanent contact with the roll surface. A hydrodynamic counter pressure is exerted upon the blade, being this mainly caused by the contact angle of these, the velocity of the compression and of the viscosity of the material used, subsequently the engraved pattern is printed on the flexible substrate that is in motion on the roll to roll system.
  • the pattern to be printed is previously drawn in digital format, being subsequently sent the information through electric pulses to the print head of the equipment, whose operation is based on transducers and/or piezoelectric actuators. This is responsible for the printing of metallic conductive materials and/or non-metallic resistive materials.
  • the printing process of the heating circuits for the inkjet printing technology on a sheet to sheet system on flexible and/or rigid substrates follows the following steps:
  • Printing of the heating circuits can be carried out on flexible substrates such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and/or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and/or cork, and/or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) and/or coated meshes with polymeric films typically compatible with roll to roll systems, or rigid substrates such as concrete, and/or glass and/or ceramic, and/or wood agglomerates typically compatible with sheet to sheet systems.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • cork cork
  • thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) and/or coated meshes with polymeric films typically compatible with roll to roll systems or rigid substrates such as concrete, and/or glass and/or ceramic, and/or wood agglomerates typically compatible with sheet to sheet systems.
  • TPO thermoplastic polyolefin
  • the resistive non-metallic materials used are based on carbon pastes and/or carbon composite materials. These have a viscosity comprised between 5 and 250 Pa.s, a sheet resistivity comprised between 394 and 3940 Ohm/sq/mm (10 and 100 Ohm/sq/mil), and are thermally cured at a temperature between 100 and 150°C, for 10 to 20 minutes.
  • the materials used in the printing of the resistive patterns have graphite in its composition (10-15 weight %) and/or carbon black (10-15 weight %) and/or monomethyl ether of dipropylene glycol (60-65 weight %) and/or bisphenol-a-epichlorohydrin (15-20 weight %) and/or oil distillates (5-15 weight %) being their percentages altered in order to obtain the desired electrical resistivities.
  • the use of oil distillates is optional, however its introduction allows obtaining a higher electrical, mechanical and chemical stability of the material developed after its printing and curing. On the occasion of its introduction it should be reduced the same percentage to the bisphenol-a-epichlorohydrin.
  • the metallic conductor materials used are based on silver and/or copper and/or aluminum. These have a viscosity comprised between 5 and 200 Pa.s, a sheet resistivity comprised between 0.197 and 1.57 Ohm/sq/mm (5 and 40 mOhm/sq/mil), and thermally cure at a temperature between 100 and 150°C, for 10 to 20 minutes.
  • the materials used in printing of the conductive tracks have aluminum in its composition (60-85 weight %) or silver (60-90 weight %) or copper (60-90 weight %) and/or methyl-2-methoxyethoxy) propanol (20-30 weight %) and/or 2-(2 ethoxyethyl) ethyl acetate (7-10 weight %), being their percentages altered in order to obtain the desired electrical resistivities.
  • the material used in the screen of the screen printing is composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and/or metal, having between 50 and 110 wires per centimeter whose diameters can range between 30 and 60 um.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • metal having between 50 and 110 wires per centimeter whose diameters can range between 30 and 60 um.
  • printed heating circuits are obtained by screen printing and/or rotogravure and/or inkjet printing on a sheet to sheet and/or roll to roll systems, in flexible and/or rigid substrates.
  • the printed heating circuits are composed of metallic and/or nonmetallic materials, such as silver and/or aluminum and/or copper and/or carbon and/or carbon composite materials and have three geometries/designs/formats for heating of various types of surfaces.
  • the circuits presented offer different advantages, being noteworthy that the possibility to obtain a larger heating area and/or the opportunity to perform the sectioning to the required size of the circuit in two different directions, without loss of any functionality.
  • the temperature obtained on the surface of the printed circuits depends on the electric voltage applied to the terminals thereof, the dimensions of the printed circuit board and its respective lines, the thickness of the printed films, the substrate in which is printed, the materials used in its processing, the type of association (series or parallel) between the various circuit boards and the environment in which the heating circuit is embedded and/or laminated and/or printed.
  • This type of devices whose application purpose is heating present several advantages such as low weight, small thickness and high flexibility, and can be easily laminated with other type of materials. Since they are placed close to the surfaces to heat, the dissipated power at the surface will be lower, resulting in lower energy consumptions, when compared to other heating systems.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Dispositif de chauffage imprimé comprenant des éléments de circuit de chauffage :
    des barres omnibus imprimées (2, 3) ;
    des pistes imprimées (1) ;
    comprenant également :
    des connexions imprimées entre les éléments du circuit de chauffage ;
    un substrat flexible,
    caractérisé en ce que :
    les barres omnibus (2, 3) sont faites de matériaux ayant des résistivités de couche comprises entre 0,197 et 1,57 Ohm/sq/mm (5 et 40 mOhm/sq/mil) ;
    les pistes imprimées (1) sont faites de matériaux ayant des résistivités de couche comprises entre 394 et 3940 Ohm/sq/mm (10 et 100 Ohm/sq/mil) ;
    le substrat flexible est un maillage revêtu d'un film polymère.
  2. Dispositif de chauffage imprimé selon la revendication précédente, comprenant également un système de contrôle électronique couplé comprenant :
    une source d'alimentation pour les circuits ;
    des capteurs de température pour le suivi ;
    un système de contrôle de température électronique ;
    un film pour une protection de barrière électrique et mécanique.
  3. Dispositif de chauffage imprimé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les barres omnibus (2, 3) présentent des longueurs allant de 50 à 5000 mm.
  4. Dispositif de chauffage imprimé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les pistes imprimées (1) présentent une longueur qui varie entre 40 et 200 mm, une largeur comprise entre 2,5 et 15 mm et une épaisseur comprise entre 2 et 100 mm.
  5. Dispositif de chauffage imprimé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la distance entre les barres omnibus (2, 3) est comprise entre 40 et 100 mm.
  6. Dispositif de chauffage imprimé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la distance entre les pistes imprimées (1) est comprise entre 2,5 et 15 mm.
  7. Dispositif de chauffage imprimé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les matériaux utilisés dans l'impression des pistes imprimées comprennent la composition suivante :
    graphite (10-15% poids) ;
    noir de carbone (10-15 % poids) ;
    éther monométhylique de dipropylèneglycol (60-65 % poids) ;
    bisphénol-a-épichlorohydrine (15-20 % poids) ;
    distillats d'huile (5-15 % poids).
  8. Dispositif de chauffage imprimé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les matériaux utilisés dans l'impression des barres omnibus (2, 3) comprennent la composition suivante :
    aluminium (60-85 % poids) ou argent (60-90 % poids) ou cuivre (60-90 % poids) ;
    methyl-2-methoxyethoxy) propanol (20-30 % poids) ;
    2-(2 ethoxyetoxy) acétate d'éthyle (7-10 % poids).
  9. Procédé pour imprimer sur un système couche à couche sur des substrats flexibles du dispositif de chauffage décrit dans les revendications 1 à 8 comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    - Impression de pâte carbone et/ou matériau composite de carbone pour les pistes imprimées (1) sur le substrat flexible ;
    - Durcissement thermique du motif de carbone et/ou film et/ou matériau composite de carbone des pistes imprimées (1) à des températures comprises entre 100 et 150 °C, durant 10 à 20 minutes ;
    - Impression de pistes d'argent et/ou cuivre et/ou aluminium pour les barres omnibus (2, 3) sur le substrat flexible ;
    - Durcissement thermique des pistes d'argent et/ou cuivre et/ou aluminium des barres omnibus (2, 3) à des températures comprises entre 100 et 150 °C, durant 10 à 20 minutes.
  10. Procédé pour imprimer sur un système rouleau à rouleau sur des substrats flexibles du dispositif de chauffage décrit dans les revendications 1 à 8 comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    - Impression de pistes de carbone et/ou films de carbone et/ou de matériau composite de carbone pour les pistes imprimées (1) à des vitesses comprises entre 0,1 et 10 m/min sur le substrat flexible ;
    - Durcissement thermique du motif de carbone et/ou film et/ou matériau composite de carbone des pistes imprimées (1) à des températures comprises entre 100 et 150 °C, à des vitesses comprises entre 0,1 et 10 m/min ;
    - Impression de pistes d'argent et/ou cuivre et/ou aluminium pour les barres omnibus (2, 3) à des vitesses comprises entre 0,1 et 10 m/min sur le substrat flexible ;
    - Durcissement thermique des pistes d'argent et/ou cuivre et/ou aluminium des barres omnibus (2, 3) à des températures comprises entre 100 et 150 °C, à des vitesses comprises entre 0,1 et 10m/min.
  11. Procédé pour imprimer à travers la technique de l'héliogravure sur un système rouleau à rouleau pour obtenir le dispositif de chauffage décrit dans les revendications 1 à 8 comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    - Impression de pistes de carbone et/ou films et/ou matériau composite de carbone pour les pistes imprimées (1) sur le substrat flexible, à des vitesses comprises entre 0,1 et 1 m/min ;
    - Durcissement thermique du motif de carbone et/ou film et/ou matériau composite de carbone des pistes imprimées (1) à des températures comprises entre 100 et 150 °C, à des vitesses comprises entre 0,1 et 1 m/min ;
    - Impression de pistes d'argent et/ou cuivre et/ou aluminium pour les barres omnibus (2, 3) sur le substrat flexible à des vitesses comprises entre 0,1 et 1 m/min;
    - Durcissement thermique des pistes d'argent et/ou cuivre et/ou aluminium des barres omnibus (2, 3) à des températures comprises entre 100 et 150 °C, à des vitesses comprises entre 0,1 et 1 m/min.
  12. Procédé d'impression à travers la technologie de jet d'encre sur un système couche à couche pour obtenir le dispositif de chauffage décrit dans les revendications 1 à 8 comprenant les étapes suivantes caractérisé par :
    - Élaboration d'un dessin digital du circuit de chauffage dont l'impression est souhaitée ;
    - Impression de pistes de carbone et/ou films de carbone et/ou matériau composite de carbone pour les pistes imprimées (1) sur le substrat flexible ;
    - Durcissement thermique du motif de carbone et/ou film et/ou matériau composite de carbone à des températures comprises entre 100 et 150 °C, durant 10 à 20 minutes ;
    - Impression de pistes d'argent et/ou cuivre et/ou aluminium pour les barres omnibus (2, 3) sur le substrat flexible ;
    - Durcissement thermique des pistes d'argent et/ou cuivre et/ou aluminium des barres omnibus (2, 3) à des températures comprises entre 100 et 150 °C, durant 10 à 20 minutes.
  13. Utilisation du dispositif de chauffage décrit dans les revendications 1 à 8 pour le chauffage de sols intérieurs et extérieurs, sur des chaises, canapés et sièges, en particulier sur les sièges et supports de jambes et bras et également dans les portes et tableaux de bord de véhicules.
EP13774822.4A 2012-08-08 2013-08-08 Dispositif de chauffage, procédés d'impression respectifs et utilisation Active EP2884818B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PT10649312 2012-08-08
PCT/IB2013/056498 WO2014024165A2 (fr) 2012-08-08 2013-08-08 Dispositif de chauffage, procédés d'impression respectifs et utilisation

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2884818A2 EP2884818A2 (fr) 2015-06-17
EP2884818C0 EP2884818C0 (fr) 2023-06-07
EP2884818B1 true EP2884818B1 (fr) 2023-06-07

Family

ID=49328595

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13774822.4A Active EP2884818B1 (fr) 2012-08-08 2013-08-08 Dispositif de chauffage, procédés d'impression respectifs et utilisation

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2884818B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014024165A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PT107488B (pt) 2014-02-27 2019-01-10 Cmp Cimentos Maceira E Pataias S A Sistema para gestão ativa de energia em paredes e/ou pavimentos de betão
CN104553587A (zh) * 2015-01-08 2015-04-29 昆山金利表面材料应用科技股份有限公司 加热型装饰薄膜
PT108334B (pt) * 2015-03-31 2017-08-30 Amorim Revestimentos Sa Processo de produção de um sistema de aquecimento compreendendo um substrato de aglomerado de cortiça e circuitos de aquecimento impressos
WO2017176208A1 (fr) * 2016-04-05 2017-10-12 Dou Yee Enterprises (S) Pte Ltd Bande chauffante autoadhésive et procédé de fabrication correspondant
US11376811B2 (en) 2018-07-03 2022-07-05 Goodrich Corporation Impact and knife cut resistant pre-impregnated woven fabric for aircraft heated floor panels
US20200015325A1 (en) * 2018-07-03 2020-01-09 Goodrich Corporation Fusion welded positive temperature coefficient heater assemblies
AU2019339478A1 (en) * 2018-09-13 2021-05-06 De Luca Oven Technologies, Llc Heater element incorporating primary conductor for use in a high-speed oven
WO2020056128A1 (fr) * 2018-09-13 2020-03-19 De Luca Oven Technologies, Llc Élément chauffant multi-plan destiné à être utilisé dans un four à grande vitesse
US11242151B2 (en) * 2018-10-16 2022-02-08 Goodrich Corporation Method of using printed highly flexible conductive ink bus bars to transfer power to heated components
US20220074596A1 (en) * 2019-02-06 2022-03-10 De Luca Oven Technologies, Llc Multi planar heater element for use in a high-speed oven incorporating a novel tensioning system
CN110107405B (zh) * 2019-05-22 2021-05-28 江鹏 一种直升机发动机进气防护格栅
CN112397107A (zh) * 2019-08-16 2021-02-23 神讯电脑(昆山)有限公司 储存装置的加热及散热结构
FR3102908A1 (fr) * 2019-11-06 2021-05-07 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Structure chauffante pour véhicule automobile
CN113645723B (zh) * 2021-08-09 2024-08-23 山东启原纳米科技有限公司 一种智能柔性电加热系统及其制备方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020011477A1 (en) * 1999-05-06 2002-01-31 Jones Barrie M. Polymer thick film heating element on a glass substrate
WO2007076506A1 (fr) * 2005-12-29 2007-07-05 Exatec, Llc Connexion électrique à des circuits imprimés sur des panneaux en plastique
US20080099456A1 (en) * 2006-10-25 2008-05-01 Schwenke Robert A Dispensing method for variable line volume
US20080099617A1 (en) * 2005-02-09 2008-05-01 Qinetiq Limited Ice Protection of Aerodynamic Surfaces
DE202010009208U1 (de) * 2010-06-17 2010-09-16 Futurecarbon Gmbh Flexibles Heizelement
EP2257120A2 (fr) * 2008-03-17 2010-12-01 LG Chem, Ltd. Élément chauffant et procédé de fabrication de celui-ci

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU1436597A (en) 1995-10-17 1997-05-07 Magnus Kluge Electrical resistance heating for air conditioning in dwellings and buildings
WO2007021528A1 (fr) 2005-08-17 2007-02-22 Thermion Systems International Elements chauffants a barres omnibus perforees

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020011477A1 (en) * 1999-05-06 2002-01-31 Jones Barrie M. Polymer thick film heating element on a glass substrate
US20080099617A1 (en) * 2005-02-09 2008-05-01 Qinetiq Limited Ice Protection of Aerodynamic Surfaces
WO2007076506A1 (fr) * 2005-12-29 2007-07-05 Exatec, Llc Connexion électrique à des circuits imprimés sur des panneaux en plastique
US20080099456A1 (en) * 2006-10-25 2008-05-01 Schwenke Robert A Dispensing method for variable line volume
EP2257120A2 (fr) * 2008-03-17 2010-12-01 LG Chem, Ltd. Élément chauffant et procédé de fabrication de celui-ci
DE202010009208U1 (de) * 2010-06-17 2010-09-16 Futurecarbon Gmbh Flexibles Heizelement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2884818C0 (fr) 2023-06-07
WO2014024165A2 (fr) 2014-02-13
EP2884818A2 (fr) 2015-06-17
WO2014024165A9 (fr) 2014-04-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2884818B1 (fr) Dispositif de chauffage, procédés d'impression respectifs et utilisation
CN107635296B (zh) 一种石墨烯银纳米线复合柔性发热膜组件
CN105453001B (zh) 将电子部件粘结到图案化纳米线透明导体
EP2483896B1 (fr) Éléments chauffants à coefficient de température positif et leur fabrication
US20200113019A1 (en) Electric heating device
WO2011052641A1 (fr) Procédé de formation de tracé conducteur, et tracé conducteur
EP2381739A2 (fr) Élément chauffant et son procédé de fabrication
KR20090018567A (ko) 배선 기판, 배선 패턴 형성 방법 및 배선 기판의 제조 방법
WO2015024909A1 (fr) Élément chauffant en film, par exemple pour un panneau chauffant
JP2014191894A (ja) 透明導電フィルム及びタッチパネル
US11089658B2 (en) Heating element
CN104602372A (zh) 一种低温辐射电热膜
KR102049508B1 (ko) 표면이 평탄화된 코팅원단시트를 적용한 면상발열체 및 이의 제조방법
DE20319024U1 (de) Flächenheizelement
Wei et al. Laser curing of screen and inkjet printed conductors on flexible substrates
JP4921995B2 (ja) 面状発熱体及びその製造方法
JP2008218350A (ja) 面状発熱体及びその製造方法
KR100703029B1 (ko) 저항특성이 우수한 면상발열체
US11937342B2 (en) Spot heater
AT7326U1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung eines flächenheizelementes und danach hergestelltes flächenheizelement
JP7473761B2 (ja) 成形フィルムおよびその製造方法、成形体およびその製造方法
WO2024003624A1 (fr) Panneau de pierre naturelle doté d'un système de chauffage intégré et son procédé de fabrication
EP4590077A1 (fr) Procédé de production de matériau de base conducteur, procédé de production de dispositif électronique, procédé de production de film de blindage électromagnétique, procédé de production d'élément chauffant de type feuille et composition conductrice
KR101283949B1 (ko) 납땜이음용 전도성 접착코팅막 및 납땜 이음방법
CN110392457A (zh) 一种低电压电热膜

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20150306

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20160525

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: CENTITVC - CENTRO DE NANOTECNOLOGIA E MATERIAIS TE

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20211222

GRAJ Information related to disapproval of communication of intention to grant by the applicant or resumption of examination proceedings by the epo deleted

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

INTC Intention to grant announced (deleted)
GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20220610

GRAJ Information related to disapproval of communication of intention to grant by the applicant or resumption of examination proceedings by the epo deleted

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

INTC Intention to grant announced (deleted)
INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20221108

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1578423

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20230615

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602013083941

Country of ref document: DE

U01 Request for unitary effect filed

Effective date: 20230630

U07 Unitary effect registered

Designated state(s): AT BE BG DE DK EE FI FR IT LT LU LV MT NL PT SE SI

Effective date: 20230710

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG9D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230907

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

U20 Renewal fee paid [unitary effect]

Year of fee payment: 11

Effective date: 20231009

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230908

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20231007

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20231007

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602013083941

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230607

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230831

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20240308

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20230907

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230808

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230907

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230808

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230907

U20 Renewal fee paid [unitary effect]

Year of fee payment: 12

Effective date: 20240807