EP2836680B1 - Method for drilling holes in soil or rock material and for fixing an anchor in a borehole and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for drilling holes in soil material and for securing an anchor in a borehole, wherein an expansion element fixed to a drill or anchor rod and a spreading, in particular sleeve-shaped, expansion element to be expanded with a Bohrkrone provided drill or anchor rod simultaneously with the formation of the borehole in the soil or rock material, in particular by a rotating and beating or rotating drilling is introduced, the expansion element after completion of the borehole by retracting the drill or anchor rod and the expansion element disposed thereon is widened into the interior of the expansion element in abutment against the borehole wall and the drill or anchor rod is secured at its end protruding from the borehole with an anchor plate on a borehole outside, as well as a device for drilling holes in ground or . Rock material and to set egg nes anchor in a borehole, comprising a drill bit fixed to a drill or anchor rod and a fixed to the drill or anchor rod expander and a drill or anchor rod at least partially surrounding, spaced from the expansion element, in particular sleeve-shaped expansion element is provided, which is expandable by retraction of the drill and anchor rod and the expansion element fixed thereto in abutment with the borehole wall, wherein at the drill or anchor rod at its end projecting from the borehole an anchor plate has arranged.

In connection with fixing or anchoring an armature equipped with an expansion element in a borehole, it is known to introduce such an armature with at least one arranged at its periphery in the front end, expandable element either in a pre-completed wellbore or this simultaneously with the Formation of a borehole, in order subsequently to form a. By expanding the expandable element a fixing of the armature, in particular expansion anchor in the wellbore or an investment of the expandable element on the borehole wall. After such a provisional fixing or anchoring of the anchor to the borehole wall, the introduced anchor is often finally determined by a subsequent introduction of a curable suspension, such as cement milk, in the borehole.

The anchoring or expansion of the expansion element is in this case, as for example in the AT-PS 409 785 or in the US 2009/0114402 is described, by retraction of the fixed to an anchor rod spreader or by retraction of an expander in an expansion sleeve, whereupon the expansion sleeve is brought into contact with the borehole wall reached. In both cases, it is necessary for the completion of the borehole to cut off the projecting length of an anchor rod by retracting from the borehole and subsequently attaching and anchoring an anchor plate to the free end of the boring bar in a separate operation. wherein either a further determination of the anchor can be made by introducing a curable suspension or the anchorage formed by the spreading of the expansion element into the mountain interior or the widening of the expansion element to the borehole wall is completed.

Such a procedure is on the one hand associated with time-consuming steps and, moreover, all a ready to be made anchorage forming elements each after completion of a previous step to the corresponding device grown or hinged thereto and are brought into the intended for their Endinsatzzweck position. Such a procedure is in addition to the fact that it is time consuming, also costly and it is discarded in particular not inconsiderable lengths of the drill rods by sawing to the final required length, which on the one hand causes a shortening of the entire anchoring length and on the other hand, a plurality of additional , non-automatable work steps are required.

The present invention now seeks to provide a method for drilling holes in soil material and for securing an anchor in a borehole as well as a device therefor, which succeeds in a single operation all Positioning required for a final anchoring elements and with what / which it also manages to use the total length of an introduced drill or anchor rod for anchoring and thus provide a relation to conventional anchorages more reliable anchoring available.

To solve this problem, the inventive method is characterized in that the drill or anchor rod after the expansion of the expansion element by a rotating movement in the direction of the borehole interior up to a stop the borehole interior is acted upon and that the drill or anchor rod is determined by a bracing of the anchor plate by means of a trained as a neck element for an insertion nut on the outside of the borehole. By the boring or anchor rod is acted upon by the expansion of the expansion element by a rotating movement in the direction of the borehole interior up to a striking the borehole interior, it is possible on the one hand to provide the entire length of the anchor rod for anchoring available or exploit and On the other hand, such a procedure makes it unnecessary to cut the end of the anchor rod protruding from the drill hole and thus to effect a not inconsiderable weakening of the entire anchorage. By further the drill or anchor rod, in particular during the renewed introduction of the anchor rod in the borehole by a bracing of the anchor plate by means of a trained as a neck element for the insertion nut on the outside of the borehole, it is possible in one and the same operation, all for the Forming a permanent anchoring necessary elements to position and it can be achieved with such a procedure not only not inconsiderable time gained by the automation of the process, but in particular a much safer anchoring, since an intermediate loosening or subsequent setting of individual elements is avoided.

So that the drill or anchor rod after the expansion of the expansion can be safely introduced and especially without loosening the anchorage to the borehole again in the borehole interior, the inventive method is further developed so that the drill or anchor rod after the expansion of the expansion by an application is made until breakage of a shear pin projecting into or passing through the drill or anchor rod and projecting into a recess of the expansion element into the bore hole interior. After expanding the expansion element by the retraction of the drill or anchor rod and the introduction of the expansion element in the expansion element, the drill or anchor rod is held in the interior of the expansion element by a radial compressive stress exploited by the expansion element, so that in a recent attempt To turn the drill rod, this movement is much more difficult to perform than the original or bouncing movement of the drill or anchor rod for the formation of the wellbore. As a result of this radial clamping of the drill or anchor rod and the drill or anchor rod set under duress, a shear pin projecting or penetrating the drill rod or anchor rod and projecting into a recess of the expansion element is subjected to breakage that after canceling the shear pin a rotational movement the anchor rod is made possible out of the expansion element in the direction of the bore hole inside, so that the drill rod in turn can be brought by a rotating movement in abutment against the bore hole inside. The expander element itself is held stationary in such a process management by the radial compressive stress of the expansion element and optionally by a sleeve provided for this purpose.

In order to ensure in particular a cancel of the shear pin with certainty, according to a development of the method according to the invention, this is performed so that the trained as a threaded rod drill or anchor rod for applying the shear pin is applied exclusively rotating. Such a procedure ensures that the expansion element is not unintentionally driven out of the interior of the expansion element by an optionally excessive impact stress, whereby the anchoring would be loosened or rendered useless.

By, as this corresponds to a development of the method according to the invention, the anchor plate is braced by the exclusively rotating applying the fixed on the drill or anchor rod by means of an internal thread nut on the outside of the borehole, it is possible by exclusively rotating applying the drill or anchor rod for introducing the same into the bore hole interior after a widening of the expansion element additionally and in particular at the same time, the anchor plate arranged on the anchor plate, which is fixed by means of an internal thread nut having on the anchor rod to brace. In such a process management, it is therefore unnecessary not only to cut off the anchor rod, but it also succeeds in a single process step, all elements that are required for a determination of an anchor in soil or rock material to introduce or set.

In order to keep a possibly introduced into the borehole interior, hardening material with certainty in the borehole and to ensure a composite material with the anchor rod and the borehole, as the method according to the invention, the method is performed so that for a sealing the borehole is introduced to the outside to a borehole closure adjacent to the bore hole inside the anchor plate simultaneously with the bracing of the anchor plate in the borehole.

To solve the above-mentioned objects beyond an apparatus for drilling holes in soil or rock material and for fixing an anchor in a borehole essentially characterized in that the drill or anchor rod as a, after a widening of the expansion, by rotatable movement acted upon threaded rod is formed, wherein the threaded rod cooperates with an internal thread of the expander, and that the drill or anchor rod interacts by means of a trained as a neck element for a feeding nut for clamping the anchor plate to the borehole exterior. By the expansion element is formed at its end facing the bore hole inside with at least one recess which cooperates with at least one engaging in this recess on the outer contour of the drill or anchor rod projecting shear pin, it succeeds, the movement of the retraction of the drill or anchor rod and to make the renewed screwing the same into the well interior even more reliable, since an unintentional displacement of the expander on the boring bar is safely halted. Weriterhin can be introduced in a renewed introduction of the drill or anchor rod into the interior of the borehole by simply turning the shear pin exclusively the drill rod in the interior and the expander is held in a secure bond with the spreader and thus anchoring the armature the borehole wall ensured.

By the drill or anchor rod interacts with the insertion device for the drill or anchor rod via a nut for fixing the anchor plate, it is possible on the one hand to introduce all necessary for the formation of an anchoring parts in one step and on the other hand, a minimization of the setting Anchor required elements to achieve. Furthermore, it is possible with such a design, the nut on the internal thread on the threaded rod formed as an anchor rod to impose any rotation and thus set, for example, the anchor plate to the borehole exterior and on the other hand by attacking the insertion of the external thread, the entire device safely and reliably in the borehole interior or to retract the required path for spreading the spreader and screw in again in the sequence.

By, as corresponds to a development of the invention, the expansion element is formed at its end facing the bore hole inside with at least one recess, which with at least one engaging in this recess, on the outer contour of the drill or anchor rod protruding shear pin cooperates, it is possible to withdraw the expander during retraction of the drill or anchor rod securely into the interior of the expansion element or carry.

By, as corresponds to a development of the invention, the thread of the expander extends over a portion of the length of the expander, it is possible in particular to keep the wedge-shaped tapered parts of the expander free of a thread and thus not unnecessarily weaken further and still safe Stop the expansion element to the anchor rod to provide.

A particularly simple widening of the expansion succeeds according to a development of the invention in that the expansion element is designed as a spring sleeve, which has a slot extending over at least a part in length. With such a device, on the one hand, it is possible to provide a secure hold of the expansion element on the anchor rod and, on the other hand, a reliable spreading thereof on the borehole wall. Such a spring sleeve can in this case be formed either with a smooth outer contour or with a toothed outer contour in the manner of a "dowel".

In particular, in order to achieve an automation of the introduction of a drill or anchor rod and in one operation, all elements that are required for the formation of an anchor to bring, according to an embodiment of the invention to the drill or anchor rod on the anchor plate abutting substantially frusto-conical borehole closure arranged.

In order to ensure a reliable expansion of the expansion element, the device according to the invention is developed to the effect that in a conventional manner on the drill or anchor rod with a drill or anchor rod pressed stop sleeve is provided for the expansion element. By such a device, a reliable spreading of the expansion element and thus a secure system is ensured at the borehole inner wall.

• Fig. 1 eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Ausbilden eines Bohrlochs sowie zum Festlegen der Bohr- bzw. Ankerstange im Inneren des gebildeten Bohrlochs,
• Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht auf eine abgewandelte Variante der Vorrichtung von Fig. 1,
• Fig. 3 eine schematische Ansicht teilweise im Schnitt der Vorrichtung von Fig. 2 in dem an der Bohrlochwandung festgelegten Zustand, und
• Fig. 4 eine vergrößerte Schnittansicht des Bohrlochverschlusses.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawing. In this show:

• Fig. 1 an apparatus according to the invention for forming a borehole and for fixing the drill or anchor rod in the interior of the formed borehole,
• Fig. 2 a plan view of a modified variant of the device of Fig. 1 .
• Fig. 3 a schematic view partially in section of the device of Fig. 2 in the state fixed to the borehole wall, and
• Fig. 4 an enlarged sectional view of the borehole closure.

In Fig. 1 is denoted by 1 a drill or anchor rod, at whose end directed to a borehole interior 15 a drill bit 2 is set unchangeable. The drill or anchor rod 1 is in this case formed over its entire length as a threaded rod on which a widening element 3 is set so that the formed in the expander 3 recesses 4 engage over an outer periphery of the drill or anchor rod 1 projecting shear pin 5 , The expansion elements 3 can in this case either entirely or at least partially in its inner circumference, which is not apparent in the drawing, be formed with a cooperating with the thread 6 of the drill or anchor rod 1 thread. Such a design ensures captive holding the expansion element 3 at its selected position and in particular prevents unintentional tearing of the shear pin fifth

At a distance from the expansion element 3, an expansion element 7, which is provided over a part of its length with a longitudinal slot 8, is held on the drill or anchor rod 1 by means of a sleeve 9 pressed onto the drill or anchor rod 1. The expansion element 7 is in this case designed so that the longitudinal slot 8 extends only over part of the length of the expansion element 7 and that the borehole wall directed part of the expansion element 7 is formed with a kind of toothing 10. The toothing 10 is provided here for a better engagement in the borehole wall.

At its end region facing the borehole exterior, the boring bar 1 is provided with a closure element 11 for the borehole, an armature plate 12 bearing against the closure element 11, and a nut 13, which is provided as an attachment element for a schematically indicated insertion device 14. The closure element 11 is in this case in the form of a cone, which tapers to the bore hole inside to seal the well formed safely and reliably. The anchor plate 12 may be a conventional anchor plate 12, which is brought by a pressure load from the outside, for example, on a tunnel wall in abutment.

The trained as a neck element for the insertion device 14 nut 13 can be formed here as a nut 13 with both an internal thread and an external thread be on the one hand to be performed safely and reliably on the anchor rod 1, and on the other hand to ensure a safe attack of the insertion device 14 on the outer surface of the nut 13.

In the presentation according to Fig. 2 are the reference numerals of Fig. 1 as far as possible.

The training of Fig. 2 differs from that according to Fig. 1 only in that the expansion element 7 is formed as a formed with a continuous slot 8 spring sleeve. Furthermore, the expansion element 7 designed as a spring sleeve has no structuring or contouring on its outer circumference.

In the presentation according to Fig. 3 , which the device according to Fig. 2 in which held in the borehole interior 15 braced held in contact with the borehole wall state, again the reference numerals of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 maintained. The representation according to Fig. 3 is hereby removed that after retraction of the expansion element 3 in the expansion element 7 and a renewed introduction into the wellbore, the drill bit 1 is in abutment with the bore hole interior 15. For this purpose, in a first step, the drill or anchor rod 1 was withdrawn together with the drill bit 2 and the expansion element 3 in the interior of the expansion element 7, wherein an axial displacement in the direction of the borehole outer of the expansion element 7 by the provision of the pressed with the anchor rod 1 Sleeve 9 is prevented. By introducing the expansion element 3, the expansion element 7 is expanded so far until it is in abutment with the well wall 16 schematically indicated. After completion of the expansion process, the drill string 1 by a renewed application, in particular rotational application by means of a in Fig. 3 Insertion device 14, not shown, which acts on the nut 13, again acted upon in the direction of the borehole interior 15. In this rotary loading now a rotation of the expansion element 3 is prevented in the interior of the expansion element 7 due to the forces acting in the radial direction of the expansion element 7 on the expander 3 and by the rotating action of the drill rod 1 is exclusively in Fig. 3 no longer visible shear pin 5 demolished, so that the drill rod 1 can now freely rotate in the interior of the expansion element 3. The rotational movement of the Bohrstrange 1 is in this case continued until the drill bit 2 is in contact with the borehole wall 15. During this renewed screwing of the drill rod 1 into the bore hole interior 15, the anchor plate 12 and the closure element 11 are acted upon simultaneously with the nut 13, so that these two elements complete the formed borehole from the outside. With such a device, it is thus possible, on the one hand, to introduce the drill or anchor rod 1 into the borehole over the entire length of the formed borehole and thus to reliably withstand protruding out of one end of the anchor rod 1 from the borehole formed, and, on the other hand, in a single operation perform all necessary for the formation of a borehole and the determination of an anchorage in the borehole work steps.

In Fig. 4 is a sectional view, partially shown in the perspective of a possible variant of a borehole closure 11. The borehole closure 11 in this case is mounted via internal thread 17 on the drill or anchor rod 1 for a rotating movement and has a diameter which increases in the direction of the borehole exterior due to the conical design of the borehole closure 11. With such a device, it is not only possible to form a borehole, but also to secure this against inadvertent leakage of material or unintentional leakage of possibly simultaneously with the formation of the anchoring to be introduced, hardening material, such as cement slurry.

Claims (12)

1. A method for drilling holes in soil or rock material and for fixing an anchor in a borehole, wherein an expanding element (3) fixed to a drill or anchor rod (1) and a spreading element (7) to be expanded, in particular in the form of a sleeve, are introduced with the drill or anchor rod (1) provided with a drill bit (2), into the soil or rock material at the same time as the borehole is being formed, in particular by rotary and percussive or rotary drilling, the spreading element (7) is expanded to butt against the wall of the borehole after completion of the borehole by the drill or anchor rod (1) and the expanding element (3) arranged thereon being retracted into the interior of the spreading element (7), and the drill or anchor rod (1) is secured at its end protruding from the borehole by an anchor plate (12) on an outer side of the borehole, characterized in that, after the expansion of the spreading element (7), the drill or anchor rod (1) is subjected to a rotary movement in the direction of the interior (15) of the borehole until there is abutment with the interior (15) of the borehole, and that the drill or anchor rod (1) is fixed to the outside of the borehole by bracing the anchor plate (12) by means of a nut (13) formed as a locating element for an insertion device (14).
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drill or anchor rod (1) is introduced into the interior (15) of the borehole after the expansion of the spreading element (7) by acting on a shear pin (5) fixed to the drill or anchor rod (1) or passing therethrough and protruding into a recess (4) of the expanding element (3) until it breaks.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the drill or anchor rod (1), which is designed as a threaded rod, is merely subjected to a rotary movement to act upon the shear pin (5).
4. A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the anchor plate (12) is braced against the outside of the borehole by subjecting the nut (13) fixed to the drill or anchor rod (1) by means of an internal thread merely to a rotary movement.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a borehole cover (11) fitted to the anchor plate (12) in the direction of the interior (15) of the borehole for sealing the borehole against the outside is introduced into the borehole at the same time as the anchor plate (12) is being braced.
6. An apparatus for drilling holes in soil or rock material and for fixing an anchor in a borehole, including a drill bit (2) fixed to a drill or anchor rod (1) and an expanding element (3) fixed to the drill or anchor rod (1) and a spreading element (7), in particular in the form of a sleeve, which is arranged at a distance from the expanding element (3) and at least partially surrounds the drill or anchor rod, said expanding element being expandable to butt against the wall of the borehole by the retraction of the drill or anchor rod, wherein an anchor plate (12) is arranged on the drill or anchor rod (1), in the end region facing the outside of the borehole, characterized in that the drill or anchor rod (1) is configured as a threaded rod capable of being subjected to a rotary movement after the expansion of the spreading element (7), said threaded rod cooperating with an internal thread of the expanding element (3) and that the drill or anchor rod (1) intracts with an insertion device (14) via a nut (13) for bracing the anchor plate (12).
7. A device according to claim 6, characterized in that the expanding element (3) is formed with at least one recess (4) in its end region facing the interior (15) of the borehole, which recess cooperates with at least one shear pin (5) engaging said recess (4) and protruding beyond the outer contour of the drill or anchor rod (1).
8. A device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the thread of the expanding element (3) extends over a portion of the length of the expanding element (3).
9. A device according to claim 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that the spreading element (7) is designed as a spring cage comprising a slot (8) extending at least over a portion of its length.
10. A device according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the nut (13) has an internal thread and an external thread.
11. A device according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that a substantially frustoconical borehole cover (17) abutting the anchor plate (12) is arranged on the drill or anchor rod (1).
12. A device according to any one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that, in a manner known per se, a stop sleeve (9) crimped to the drill or anchor rod (1) is provided on the drill or anchor rod (1) for the spreading element (7).

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