EP2828596B1 - Ceiling construction - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a ceiling construction for furnaces, especially furnaces for ceramics, with the features in the preamble of the main claim.

Such a ceiling construction is from the US 2 641 207 A known. It shows a segmented vaulted ceiling, the ceiling stones are suspended individually on a support arch. The ceiling is rigidly supported on a ceiling edge and received on the other ceiling edge of a pendulum suspended console, which acts on a clamping device with a horizontal tie rod and a pivot bearing.

The GB 676 066 A relates to a curved industrial oven ceiling, the edges of which are each housed in a pendulum suspended stop support. A stop support is acted upon by a clamping device with a rotatably mounted on the furnace wall clamping rod via two parallel rollers, the clamping direction is always directed by the rollers at right angles to the back of the stop support.

The US 2,146,751 A deals with a segmented ceiling construction of individual stones, wherein the two-sided end stones are each received in a bracket which is rotatably supported on a two-armed support lever which is pivotally mounted on the furnace wall. The pivot lever is acted upon by a tensioning device with a pull rod and springs.

In practice, thermo-ductable ceiling constructions for furnaces for ceramics, in particular bricks, are known, which comprise a ceiling segment consisting of a clamped ceiling, which extends across a tunnel-like combustion chamber. The domed or flat ceiling is on both longitudinal edges in an inclined position on abutments of a side furnace wall, which are formed by a refractory masonry. A tensioning device formed by tie rods extends at a distance above the ceiling between the lateral furnace walls and is connected to local uprights. She holds the furnace wall against the ceiling pressure together.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a better ceiling construction.

The invention solves the invention with the features in the main claim.

The claimed ceiling construction has the advantage that it absorbs thermal expansion in the ceiling better. This applies in particular temperature differences on the inside and outside of the ceiling and resulting different strains. Furthermore, edge pressures between the ceiling segments can be avoided.

The thermodehnlichem ceiling construction has a segmented ceiling and for the edge-side strain tolerant recording of the ceiling a console with a multi-axially movable storage and a force acting on the console clamping device. The clamping device has a horizontally arranged and loaded by a spring tension rod, wherein the tension rod is mounted axially displaceably on a stationary frame and connected at the front end by means of a bearing pivotally connected to the console.

The arranged on both ceiling edges console, their storage and the clamping device can be present several times. The clamping device may have one or more clamping units with clamping rod and spring. The spring tension can be adjusted with a clamping device and controlled and monitored by means of a detection device.

The console forms, with its at least biaxially movable mounting and the clamping device acting on the console, a peripheral movable abutment for the ceiling, which corresponds to the different elongation profiles and also resulting deformations of the clamped ceiling, e.g. a vaulted or flat ceiling, can follow. This also allows the recording of voltage differences in a temperature change. At the same time, the clamping of the ceiling and its stabilization can be ensured. The blanket is held securely in all operating positions and can not crash. Settlement phenomena of the ceiling can be compensated by retightening the tensioning device (s).

The blanket and also the console are in the presence of a temperature gradient in a furnace direction, e.g. in the longitudinal direction of a tunnel oven, divided into several sections that independently follow the locally different temperature and voltage requirements and adapt accordingly. A step contour allows a corresponding relative mobility of the sections, preferably in conjunction with a labyrinth joint.

The ceiling construction may include a detection means for detecting the elongation of the ceiling. Hereby, the expansion behavior during the heating process can be detected and monitored, which can happen outside the furnace. Abnormal changes in the strain state, eg Overtemperature, microstructure destruction in a ceiling segment or the like can be caused, can be detected in good time and signal. This allows temporary or permanent monitoring of the ceiling and furnace and the introduction of corrective measures to prevent damage or destruction of the ceiling structure and the furnace. The detection device can also be used advantageously for ceiling mounting and commissioning for purposes of monitoring and fault detection. It can be connected to an evaluation and storage device with which the detection results can be logged and used for quality control of the furnace function and the process or product quality. The detection device can be assigned to a tensioning device or realized in another way.

The claimed ceiling construction also allows a simpler and better installation of the ceiling in the oven and the correct setting of the Deckeneinspannung. Favorable is also the suitability for any flat or curved ceiling shapes. The furnace construction can be simplified and improved. The claimed ceiling construction offers a solution that is both optimized in terms of function and construction costs and particularly economical in design.

In the subclaims further advantageous embodiments of the invention are given.

Figur 1:

einen Querschnitt durch einen Ofen mit einer Deckenkonstruktion und einer einspannbaren Decke,

Figur 2:

eine abgebrochene Seitenansicht der Anordnung gemäß Pfeil II von Figur 1,

Figur 3:

eine ausschnittsweise und vergrößerte Darstellung des Deckenrands mit einer beweglich gelagerten Konsole und einer Spanneinrichtung gemäß Detail III von Figur 1,

Figur 4:

einen Querschnitt durch einen Ofen mit einer Variante der Deckenkonstruktion und einer einspannbaren Decke,

Figur 5:

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Ständerkonstruktion mit Konsolen,

Figur 6:

eine abgebrochene Seitenansicht der Anordnung gemäß Pfeil VI von Figur 4,

Figur 7:

eine ausschnittsweise und vergrößerte Darstellung des Details VII von Figur 4,

Figur 8 bis 10:

verschiedene perspektivische Ansichten einer Spanneinheit und

Figur 11:

einen Längsschnitt durch eine Spanneinheit.

The invention is illustrated by way of example and schematically in the drawings. In detail show:

FIG. 1:

a cross section through an oven with a ceiling construction and a clampable ceiling,

FIG. 2:

a broken side view of the arrangement according to arrow II of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3:

a partial and enlarged view of the ceiling edge with a movably mounted console and a clamping device according to detail III of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 4:

a cross section through an oven with a variant of the ceiling construction and a clampable ceiling,

FIG. 5:

a perspective view of a stand construction with consoles,

FIG. 6:

a broken side view of the arrangement according to arrow VI of FIG. 4 .

FIG. 7:

a detail and enlarged view of the detail VII of FIG. 4 .

FIGS. 8 to 10:

various perspective views of a clamping unit and

FIG. 11:

a longitudinal section through a clamping unit.

The invention relates to a ceiling construction (1) for a furnace (2). The invention further relates to a furnace (2) equipped with such a ceiling construction (1).

FIG. 1 and 4 show in cross section a furnace (2) with a ceiling structure (1) having a clamped ceiling (7). The furnace (2) can be of any design and size and serve different purposes. In the embodiments, it is a high-temperature furnace for a furnace lining (6), which is formed, for example, of ceramic moldings, in particular refractory products. The furnace (2) can alternatively be used for the heat treatment of other inorganic, non-metallic or even metallic products with appropriate adaptation, for example as a melting furnace. The products may be solids or fluids, especially melts. In particular, the furnace (2) can be used for glass, metal, non-ferrous metal melts and for thermal processing plants for chemistry, energy and the environment.

The furnace (2) has at least one combustion chamber (3) which is laterally enclosed by a temperature-conforming thick furnace wall (4), at the bottom by a floor and at the top by the ceiling construction (1) and its ceiling (7). Above the ceiling (7) can still another, the combustion chamber (3) cross-part of the wall (4) are located. The wall (4) may be formed in any suitable manner. You can z. B. a by hatching in FIG. 1 and 4 include refractory masonry, which is possibly surrounded on the outside by a steel jacket or in the vertical area of a fair-faced masonry. On the side walls (4) can also be arranged on the outside more upright and in the oven direction (39) spaced stand or stand (5) made of metal, in particular steel, such as in FIG. 2 . 5 and 6 is shown. The uprights (5) can be connected at the top by a cross member (40) to a portal-like stand construction.

The ceiling (7), the lateral walls (4), in particular a local refractory masonry, at least partially overlap. The clamped ceiling (7) can stretch and deform differently according to the temperature from the combustion chamber (3).

In the combustion chamber (3), the furnace lining (6) is stationarily or movably mounted on a carrier, e.g. is designed as a trolley or part of a conveyor. The furnace (2) can be designed as a chamber furnace or continuous furnace, wherein in the latter case the furnace lining (6) is transported along the furnace axis (39) through the combustion chamber (3). The combustion chamber (3) may e.g. be designed as an elongated tunnel. The furnace (2) has one or more heat generators (not shown), e.g. as burner, hot air supply or the like. Are formed. The furnace (2) may have a substantially uniform temperature in the combustion chamber (3) or a temperature gradient existing in the direction of the furnace axis (39). Such an axial gradient may have an initial warm-up phase followed by a high-temperature heating phase followed by a cooling-down phase.

The ceiling (7) is designed in several parts. It exists eg according to FIG. 1 and 4 from a plurality of ceiling segments (9, 10, 11), which adjoin one another in a row and, if necessary, are guided in a form-fitting manner with a tongue and groove connection. The ceiling segments (9, 10, 11) are made of a refractory material, such as chamotte. You have at least partially an oblique wall and contact surface to the neighboring segment. The edge-side ceiling segments (11) may be formed thickened and as abutment stones outside have a right-angled contour. The central ceiling segment (10) is designed as a keystone. In the embodiment shown of FIG. 1 is a flat ceiling (7) shown.

Alternatively, an education as vaulted ceiling, eg according to FIG. 4 , possible, wherein the ceiling segments (9, 10, 11) have a correspondingly adapted and modified shape as wedge-shaped cambers. The edge-side ceiling segments (11) can rest on their adjacent lateral furnace wall (4) with a lower projecting projection. The row of ceiling segments (9, 10, 11) extends transversely to the oven direction (39) in both embodiments shown.

The ceiling structure (1) further comprises a bracket (15) with a movable bearing (16) and with a tensioning device (17) acting on the bracket (15). These are used for marginal and strain tolerant recording of the ceiling (7).

The ceiling (7) is on both sides of the ceiling edges and the local edge segments (11) added to brackets (15). The respective console (15) is associated with a clamping device (17), which preferably engages and acts on the outside of the console (15). Over this, the ceiling (7) with its ceiling segments (9, 10, 11) resiliently clamped, the clamping device (17) on the other receives ceiling expansions. The respective bracket (15) together with the bearing (16) and the associated tensioning device (17) can be supported on the adjacent lateral wall (4) of the furnace (2), in particular on the uprights (5). The tensioning device (17) can have one or more tensioning units (45) acting on the bracket (15).

Figure 1 to 3 and 4 to 11 show two variants of the console (15), their storage (16) and the clamping device (17).

FIG. 3 illustrates the cross section of a console (15) according to the first variant. It accommodates at least one edge segment (11) of the ceiling (7) in a form-fitting manner. The console (15) has a multi-angled profile shape of plate-shaped console or profile parts (20,21,22). The console (15) may consist of a suitable temperature-resistant material, such as steel or other metals. The console profile can be designed as a folded or welded sheet metal part.

An upright console part or support part (21) forms the lateral support of the adjacent edge segment (11), optionally one or more pressure-resistant insulating layers (14) being arranged therebetween. At the bottom of the console part (21) includes a transverse to the combustion chamber protruding, lying console part (20), which forms a support plate for the edge segment (11) and possibly the insulating layer (s). Between the console part (20) and the underside of the edge segment (11) can form-fit over profilings. At the upper edge of the console part (21) includes a likewise lying and outwardly to the wall (4) directed console part (22), which forms a bearing part for supporting the console (15) and possibly at the free end a downwardly unwound Rückhaltease (22). 36). FIG. 3 shows this design. Between the upper lying console part (22) and the upright console part (21), one or more stiffening ribs (23) may be arranged.

The mounting (16) of the console (15) is multi-axially movable. In particular, it has a plurality of rotational and translatory bearing axes (a, b, c, d, e) and corresponding associated bearings (25, 26, 27, 28). The clamping device (17) can be involved in the storage (16) of the console (15).

In the FIG. 2 in the rear or outer view clamping device (17) has two or more in the axial direction (39) arranged side by side parallel clamping units (45) which act together on the bracket (15).

In particular FIG. 3 illustrates, the clamping device (17) and the clamping unit (45) shown on a relatively stationary mounted frame (29), which is formed for example as a support plate and on a part of the wall (4), in particular supported on a stand (5) and is attached. Furthermore, the clamping device (17) or its illustrated clamping unit (45) on a horizontally arranged clamping rod (31) at the front end by means of a bearing (26) with the bracket (15), for example, with the stiffening rib (23), pivotally around the bearing axis (a) is connected.

The tension rod (31) is in turn guided displaceably in a sleeve-like pressure block (34) with a sliding bearing (28) along the translatory axis (e). The pressure block (34) in turn is rotatably mounted on the frame (29) via a pivot bearing (27) with the rotary bearing axis (b). The bearing shafts (a, b) of the pivot bearings (26,27) are aligned horizontally, parallel and along the furnace axis (39). They allow a pivoting and tilting movement of the console (15) in response to ceiling deformations, which are introduced via the edge segment (11).

The uppermost console or bearing member (22) rests on a console suspension (24), e.g. is formed by a horizontal and on the uprights (5) fixed support bar and above the push rod (31) and the pivot bearing (26,27) is arranged. In this way, a support (25), in particular a floating bearing, is formed, which on the one hand translational displacement movements of the bracket (15) along the bearing axis (d) for receiving thermal expansion (18) along the segment row (9, 10, 11) allowed and on the other hand Tilting movements about a rotational bearing axis (c) parallel to the other bearing axes (a, b) allows. The retaining lug (36) prevents detachment of the console (15). The support (25) is located above and in bar direction between the pivot bearings (26,27).

As FIG. 3 illustrates, located below the console part (22) located horizontal leg of the reinforcing rib (23) ends with a distance (x) in front of the retaining lug (36) and in front of the console suspension (24). The leg length and the distance (x) to the console suspension (24) are matched to the clamping device (17). In the case of a failure of the spring (s) (33), in particular of the plate or spring assemblies, the distance (x) defines a maximum displacement along the translational axis (d) to the outside and compared with the console suspension (24). The said distance or the displacement (x) can be variable and adjustable to take into account the thermal requirements and the respective structural conditions. The variability can be achieved by adjusting screws or other adjusting means, which are attached to the console suspension (24) or on the support (25).

By the support (25), the retaining lugs (36) and the rib distance is a safety limit (41) for the console (15) and for degrees of freedom of their storage (16) educated.

The tensioning unit (45) further comprises a spring (33) associated with the tension bar or push rod (31), e.g. is designed as a mounted compression spring and in the form of a plate spring package. The spring (33) is supported on the front side via a stop (32) on the clamping rod (31) and the back of the pressure block (34) and pushes the console (15) to the ceiling (7). On the push rod (31) also engages on the outside a clamping means (35), with which the clamping rod (31) under support on the pressure block (34) and compression, in particular bias of the compression spring (33) can be pulled outward. The tensioning means (35) is e.g. formed by a possibly countered clamping nut which is screwed onto a thread on the push rod thread and presses against the back of the pressure block (34). The spring (33) and the pressure block (34) can be accommodated with suitable clearance in a surrounding housing (30) which is fixed to the frame (29).

The ceiling construction (1) can have a detection device (38) for detecting ceiling expansions. For this purpose, the detection device (38) can be arranged at any suitable location and designed in any suitable manner. Preferably, it is associated with the clamping device (17), in particular each clamping unit (45). It can be designed as a measuring device for force and / or path. According to FIG. 3 is a measuring device, for example, on the frame (29) and takes the sliding movement of the clamping rod (31) along the axis (e) and possibly also a pivoting movement about the axis (b). For this purpose, the detection device (38) can have a suitable sensor system together with an evaluation device and a display, possibly also an alarm.

The detection device (38) can also be designed and used as a safety device for mounting the ceiling construction (1). It can be equipped in this case with its own power supply, such as a battery, and a signaling means, such as an alarm diode. After setting the keystone (10) of the segmented ceiling (7), a weight, eg a defined test weight, is placed on the vertex of, for example, the curved ceiling section. This weight corresponds to the additional load of the overlying insulating material, for example, the horizontal part of the wall (4), and an additional traffic load and a security surcharge. By slowly lowering Mauerungsschablonen the already biased brackets (15) are loaded with the maximum possible clamping pressure. If the preload was chosen correctly and the springs (33), in particular disc springs, correspond to the defined properties, the tie rods (31) will not change their position. A loosening of the clamping means (35), in particular clamping nuts will also be possible with a, albeit small, required torque. The release of the clamping means (35) should also cause no change in position of the push rod (31). If the push rod (31) moves, the length of the compressed spring assembly (33) or the position of the push rod end is reduced. This is detected by the detection device (38) and issued an alarm that signals a wrong selected bias or a failure or impairment of the springs (33). The spring state is also visually controllable by comparing the individually compressed disc springs. Also, an alarm is triggered when, after loosening the clamping means (35), the clamping rod (31) in the opposite direction, ie in the direction of the segmented ceiling (7) by the clamping device (17) is moved and if a certain amount is exceeded. This can assembly errors when setting the ceiling segments or material defects in the ceiling segments (9, 10, 11) or errors in the console (15) and the storage (16) are detected. This safety monitoring can also be active for the entire duration of the installation and output alarm signals, if, for example, due to settling phenomena, the aforementioned causes of error occur later.

In the simplest embodiment, a frame-fixed scale is present, at which the position of the distanced in furnace operation clamping means (35) or another with the tension rod (31) connected part can be read. In a further variant, a limit switch can be provided, against which, in the event of a failure of ceiling segments (9, 10, 11), the tensioning means (35) or another part of the push rod (31) strikes and signals a ceiling failure.

As FIG. 2 illustrates, the ceilings (7) and their ceiling segments (9, 10, 11) and the console (15) in the oven direction (39) are divided into several sections (8). By means of this section division, a possible temperature gradient and, accordingly, a different expansion and deformation behavior of the ceiling sections (8) can be taken into account. Due to the section division and expansions (19) in the longitudinal direction or furnace direction (39) can be added.

FIG. 2 also clarifies that adjacent sections (8) of the ceiling (7) and its ceiling segments (9,10,11) at the joint (37) corresponding, strain-absorbing step contours (12). These can have a spacing in the longitudinal direction (39) and form a labyrinth joint, which is possibly filled with a compressible insulating or fiber material. In this case, a horizontal joint section (13) with a vertical distance measure can be present, the collision-free allows different expansion movements of the adjacent ceiling (7) and its segments (9, 10, 11) in response to temperature differences. The brackets (15) may also be spaced in furnace direction (39), where they may have straight marginal edges.

The strain curves in a clamped ceiling (7) in the in FIG. 1 and 3 shown transverse direction (18) may be very different according to the temperature gradient in the combustion chamber (3). On the hot underside of the ceiling (7), the ceiling material, in particular the ceiling segments (9, 10, 11), expands more than on the cooler ceiling top. The ceiling (7) deforms accordingly, wherein the strains can be absorbed by the translational bearing axes (d, e) while compressing the spring (s) (33). The tilting moments which may arise during the expansion can be absorbed by the pivotable mounting (16) of the one- or two-sided brackets (15), in particular the rotary bearing shafts (a, b, c). In this case, it is also possible to react appropriately to temperature changes that occur when the furnace (2) or the combustion chamber (3) is heated from room temperature up to the maximum operating temperature.

The one or more clamping devices (17) provide for an automatic expansion compensation and keep the preferably segmented ceiling (7) clamped and in a mechanically stable position at all operating temperatures. The respective spring (33) is designed so that it receives both the expansion path, and the forces and moments of the ceiling (7) and its ceiling segments (9,10,11) including the bearing loads of any insulating layers (14). For ceiling mounting, for example, the springs (33) can be biased by means of the tensioning means (35) to a pressure value required at room temperature to securely clamp a flat or domed ceiling (7). For the assembly The ceiling (7) while the console (15) is placed in a defined position on the console suspension (24) and connected to the or the tie rod (s) (31). The tension can be chosen such that the ceiling delivery between the edge brackets (15) can be performed without violence. After placing the cap (10) in the middle of the ceiling, the clamping means (35) can be released until the brackets (15) under the action of the springs (33) has clamped the segment row and the clamping means (35) then preferably exposed. The console (15) and the tension rod (s) (31) can then move back and forth along the translational axis (d, e) under the action of the spring (s) (33).

FIGS. 4 to 11 show the initially mentioned variant of a console (15), their storage (16) and the associated clamping device (17).

The profiled bracket (15) has, as in the first variant, a support part (20) and an upright support part (21) and at least one stiffening rib (23) for the pivot bearing (26) on the rear side. In addition, the console (15) at the front between the console parts (20,21) have one or more dividers (44) which are arranged in the oven direction (39) at a distance one behind the other. In the compartments formed thereby several edge segments (11) can be added side by side. Alternatively, the dividers (44) may engage corresponding grooves of a wide marginal segment or abutment block (11).

As FIGS. 6 . 8 and 9 make clear, each console (15) associated with a clamping device (17), which in turn consists of at least two parallel and in the oven direction (39) lined up clamping units (45). The clamping units (45) are by means of a common Supported frame (29) on a stand (5) and fixed. The frame (29) is formed in this case as lying and along the oven direction (39) arranged U-profile. In addition, the clamping units (45) can still be supported and fastened on their back each with a fitting (43) on a stand (5).

FIG. 7 shows a clamping unit (45) in side view and as an enlargement of the detail VII of FIG. 4 , The tensioning unit (45) is rigidly arranged on a stand (5) or on the lateral furnace wall (4) by means of the frame (29) and has a tensioning rod (31) in a horizontal arrangement, which faces towards the ceiling (7) or . Is arranged displaceably to the edge segment (11) and by a spring (33) in the direction of the ceiling (7) is loaded. The tension rod (31) has a preferably horizontal position, while it may alternatively have a slight skew. It carries at the front end of a crossbar, which is held on a Endklotz and protrudes on both sides. This crossbar forms with bearing eyes in the back ribs (23) of the bracket (15) said pivot bearing (26).

The storage (16) of the console (15) has less bearing axes in this example than in the first variant of Figure 1 to 3 , It is biaxial and has only one translational bearing axis (e) along the tension rod (31) and a rotational bearing axis (a) around the pivot bearing (26).

On the frame (29) between the clamping units (45) has a safety limit (41) is arranged, which can limit the maximum travel and also the maximum pivot angle of the bracket (16). The safety boundary (41) has a plate which projects from the frame (29) to the ceiling (7), wherein the upright plate edge of the bracket (15), in particular their support member (21) to the in FIG. 7 illustrated maximum travel or displacement (x) is distanced. When attacking the console (15) and the ceiling (7) are supported. The function is the same as in the first embodiment. The plate of the safety limit (41) also has an adjusted height so that it limits the pivot angle of the bracket (15) about the pivot bearing (26) in one or both directions by stop.

FIG. 11 shows a clamping unit (45) in longitudinal section. The tension rod (31) and the mounted spring (33), for example, a cup spring package, are axially movably received in a tubular housing (30) which is closed at both ends by cover (46). The translational bearing axis (e) of the tension rod (31) is formed by sliding bearing (28) in both covers (46). The tension rod (31) protrudes at least through the front cover (46) to the ceiling (7).

The spring or the spring assembly (33) is received between a front and with the clamping rod (31) firmly connected or supported stop (32) and a rear pressure block (34). The pressure block (34) is disc-shaped in this embodiment and arranged displaceably in the housing (30). It is acted on at the back by a clamping means (35), which consists for example of one or more, for example two or three, clamping screws which are screwed through the rear cover (46) and can be fixed by clamping nuts or the like. In clamping position. About this clamping means (35), the spring (35) according to FIG. 11 from the unstressed spring length (l) to the tensioned spring length (s) are compressed, whereby the tension or spring travel (f) is available for the compensation of the ceiling expansions. In the illustrated embodiment, the spring travel (f) is limited by abutment of the pressure block (34) on the rear cover (46) and also corresponds to that via the safety boundary (41) predetermined maximum displacement (x) of FIG. 7 , In another embodiment, the distance of the pressure block (34) from the lid (46) may be larger for the purpose of Nachspannens in the case of blankets, so that the spring travel (f) and (x) may differ from each other.

The tensioning means (35) can also be operated from outside the lateral furnace wall (4) in this second exemplary embodiment. Furthermore, a detection device (38) as in the first embodiment may be present. It may in particular comprise one or more sensors of the type mentioned, which are not shown in the second variant for the sake of clarity.

In FIG. 10 an optical adjustment aid is shown, which can represent a part of the detection device (38) or in a particularly simple embodiment can form this detection device (38). The adjustment consists of an axial slot on the casing of the housing through which its inner life, in particular the spring (33) and the stop (32) are visible. At one end of the slot, one or more lateral markings may be attached to the housing (30) which may form a scale or end mark for detecting the axial spring and abutment movements. In this scale area, for example, the stop (32) may be visible, its position in the scale area signaling the displacement or expansion of the ceiling (7). On the one hand, the bias of the clamping unit (45) or the clamping device (17) can be adjusted during assembly on this adjustment. On the other hand, the expansion behavior of the ceiling (7) can be read off. Thanks to the clamping rod (21), which is displaceably mounted only via the translatory axis (e), the reading results are more accurate and more meaningful with regard to the cause.

As FIGS. 8 and 9 clarify the mounting details, the housing (30) of the clamping units (45) are inserted through corresponding openings in the upright cross bar of the frame (29) and are fixed on the crossbar by means of a ring-like fitting (42). The second and, for example, angular fitting (43) can be located at the rear end of the housing (30). The plate of the safety limit (41) can also by the in FIGS. 8 and 9 shown adjusting screws for setting the in FIG. 7 shown maximum spring or displacement path (x) relative to the frame (29) are adjusted. For ceiling mounting, an adjustment aid can be used here.

FIG. 6 illustrates in a side view VI too FIG. 4 fragmentary, the series arrangement of several stands (5) in the oven direction (39). Here, the ceiling (7) according to the representation of FIG. 2 in furnace direction (39) divided into several sections (8) and thereby be taken up in the direction of (39) in a row lined consoles (15). The arrangement and function may be the same as in the first embodiment.

Modifications of the embodiments described are possible in various ways. A console arrangement may for example be provided only on one edge of the ceiling (7). The console (15) may have a different profile shape. Also, the bearing (16) may have a different number and arrangement of bearing axes and individual bearings. In a chamber furnace, the combustion chamber (3) have a different floor plan, for example square. On a ceiling division into sections (8) may be waived if necessary. A chamber furnace may have a ceiling segmentation of the type described, wherein the ceiling segments, for example, are arranged transversely to the chamber furnace entrance. The segmentation is not absolutely necessary. With a chamber furnace (2) can possibly at all ceiling edges Consoles (15) with preferably multi-axial bearing (16) and associated clamping device (17) may be present. The structural design, storage and kinematics of the tensioning device (17) can also be changed.

The displacement and pivoting angle of the console (15) can be limited by a different safety limit (41) to a maximum in order to still hold the blanket (7) in case of failure of the spring (s) (33). For this purpose, there may be different types and designs of safety barriers which may be fixed or adjustable, e.g. by means of screws, stops, retaining lugs etc. may be executed.

To form the support (25), the console suspension (24) may be formed in a different manner. It can e.g. have a profile shape, which serves to reduce the frictional forces on the upper console part (22) and the support (25). For example, a training from round steel with a storage is possible, on which the upper console part (22) can move and roll.

In a further modification, the oven (2) may be gas-tight, wherein the peripheral wall (4) is surrounded by a sealed steel housing. In such an embodiment, the push rod (31) can be extended such that the clamping device (17) or its clamping unit (s) (45) completely outside the wall (4) and the steel housing. The push rods (31) can then be guided by appropriately sized sleeves, which are gas-tight welded to the steel housing. The sleeve and the push rod can be connected by a flexible gas-tight bellows.

The claimed ceiling structure (1) can also be used in so-called. Right-sided arches in kilns, in which a stepped lowering of the ceiling (7) required is. On these arches loads a wall, which closes the furnace room (3) frontally with a larger ceiling height. Under this wall, the furnace room is continued in a heat treatment area with a lower ceiling, for example, for smelting furnaces to the removal basin (glass harbor) or walking beam oven (inlet-outlet).

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

ceiling construction

2

Oven, kiln

3

Combustion chamber, tunnel

4

Wall, furnace wall

5

Stayers, stands

6

kiln setting

7

ceiling

8th

Section, ceiling section, segment section

9

Ceiling segment, ceiling stone

10

Ceiling segment, closing element, capstone

11

Ceiling segment, edge segment, abutment stone

12

Stepped contour, labyrinth joint

13

Joint section horizontal

14

insulating

15

Console, console profile

16

storage

17

tensioning device

18

Elongation, transverse strain

19

Elongation, longitudinal strain

20

Console part, profile part, supporting part

21

Console part, profile part, support part

22

Console part, profile part, bearing part

23

stiffening rib

24

Console suspension, support bar

25

Support, floating bearing

26

pivot bearing

27

pivot bearing

28

sliding bearings

29

Frame, support plate

30

casing

31

Tension rod, push rod

32

attack

33

Spring, spring package

34

pressure block

35

Clamping device, clamping nut

36

Retention tab

37

joint

38

Detection device, measuring device

39

Furnace axis, oven direction

40

crossbeam

41

Bump

42

fitting

43

fitting

44

divider

45

clamping unit

46

cover

a

Bearing axis rotatory

b

Bearing axis rotatory

c

Bearing axis rotatory

d

Bearing axis translatory

e

Bearing axis translatory

x

maximum displacement, maximum spring travel

f

travel

l

Spring length unstressed

s

Spring length stretched

Claims (15)

1. Ceiling construction for furnaces (2), in particular combustion furnaces for ceramics, wherein the thermally expandable ceiling construction (1) has a segmented (9, 10, 11) ceiling (7) and, for the edge-side expansion-tolerant reception of the ceiling (7), a bracket (15) with a moveable mount (16), and a tensioning device (17) which acts on the bracket (15) and which has a horizontally arranged tie rod (31) which is loaded by a spring (33), wherein the tie rod (31) is mounted in an axially displaceable manner on a stationary frame (29) and is connected to the bracket (15) so as to be pivotable at the front end by means of a bearing (26), characterized in that the ceiling (7) is formed as a clamped-in flat ceiling or a vaulted ceiling and is received at both sides on the ceiling edges on bracket (15) with tensioning devices (17), wherein the ceiling (7) has a plurality of ceiling segments (9, 10, 11) which are lined up in the one direction and connected to one another in a form-fitting manner, and the ceiling (7) and the ceiling segments (9, 10, 11) and the bracket (15) are subdivided into a plurality of portions (8) in the other transverse direction, wherein adjacent portions (8) have corresponding expansion-absorbing stepped contours (12).
2. Ceiling construction according to Claim 1, characterized in that the frame (29) is arranged and supported on the adjacent lateral wall (4) of the furnace (2), in particular on a stand (5).
3. Ceiling construction according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tensioning device (17) has a plurality of tensioning units (45) which act jointly on a bracket (15) and which each have a spring-loaded tie rod (31).
4. Ceiling construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tensioning device (17) has a tensioning means (35) for setting the tension and the spring travel (f) of the spring (33).
5. Ceiling construction according to Claim 4, characterized in that the tensioning unit (45) projects through the lateral wall (4), wherein the tensioning means (35) can be operated from outside a combustion chamber (3) of the furnace (2).
6. Ceiling construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tie rod (31) is displaceably (28) mounted in a pressure block (34) or in a housing (30) which is fastened rigidly to the frame (29).
7. Ceiling construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tensioning device (17) has a safety limiter (41) for the displacement travel (x) and the pivot angle of the bracket (15).
8. Ceiling construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bracket (15) receives an edge segment (11) of the ceiling (7) in a form-fitting manner.
9. Ceiling construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mount (16) of a bracket (15) has two or more bearings (25, 26, 27, 28) and two or more rotary and/or translatory bearing axes (a, b, c, d, e).
10. Ceiling construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ceiling construction (1) has a detection device (38) for detecting ceiling expansions.
11. Ceiling construction according to Claim 10, characterized in that the detection device (38) is provided and designed for detecting mounting errors of the ceiling construction.
12. Ceiling construction according to Claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the detection device (38) is arranged on the tensioning device (17) and is designed as a measuring device for force and/or travel.
13. Furnace, in particular combustion furnace for ceramics, having a wall (4) and a thermally expandable ceiling construction (1), characterized in that the ceiling construction (1) is formed according to at least one of Claims 1 to 12.
14. Furnace according to Claim 13, characterized in that the furnace (2) has a chamber-shaped or tunnel-shaped combustion chamber (3), wherein the ceiling segments (9, 10, 11) are arranged transversely to the chamber entrance or to the tunnel axis, and the portions (8) are arranged along the tunnel axis.
15. Furnace according to Claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the furnace (2) has a lateral wall (4) with stands (5), in particular with a gantry-like stand construction.

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