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EP2690639A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abschalten elektrischer Ströme mit Lichtbogenlöschung - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abschalten elektrischer Ströme mit Lichtbogenlöschung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2690639A1
EP2690639A1 EP12382297.5A EP12382297A EP2690639A1 EP 2690639 A1 EP2690639 A1 EP 2690639A1 EP 12382297 A EP12382297 A EP 12382297A EP 2690639 A1 EP2690639 A1 EP 2690639A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnets
contacts
arc
breaking
electric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12382297.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Barbero José Julio Gómez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gorlan Team SL
Original Assignee
Gorlan Team SL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gorlan Team SL filed Critical Gorlan Team SL
Priority to EP12382297.5A priority Critical patent/EP2690639A1/de
Publication of EP2690639A1 publication Critical patent/EP2690639A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H9/443—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H15/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for actuation in opposite directions, e.g. slide switch

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for breaking electric currents with arc quenching which allows breaking direct or alternating currents regardless of the direction of circulation and device configuration.
  • the invention relates to a method and to a switch disconnector type breaker device in which constant magnetic fields are applied so that electric arc quenching is performed more quickly and effectively.
  • Switches of any type or model are devices serving for connecting and disconnecting a load to/from a power supply source.
  • the operation of these switches is based on the application of an external force causing the movement of moving contacts with respect to other fixed contacts.
  • the moving contacts are contacted with the fixed contacts, connecting the load and energy source and starting up the corresponding installation.
  • the opposite process is followed such that the moving contacts are moved away from the fixed contacts, opening the circuit and shutting down the installation as a result.
  • Switch disconnectors which are characterized by performing electric circuit-breaking by means of knife-type contacts with self-cleaning action, i.e., the physical contact takes place between surfaces sliding over one another, therefore it tends to mill the imperfections resulting from the arc-over in each opening or closing operation, are known.
  • This contact is reinforced as a result of the joint action of the electromagnetic field generated by the passage of current through the active parts and the action of the springs immobilizing the moving contacts on the fixed contacts. Both effects aid in increasing the pressure between the contacting surfaces improving the electrical performance of the switch, for example, in environments subjected to vibrations.
  • Each breaking point is configured by a fixed central contact and two moving contacts immobilizing the central contact. Therefore, there are two breaking points per pole or four breaking points per phase, if preferred.
  • the relative movement between these contacts is generated by means of a jumping mechanism, not depicted in the drawings, responsible for applying the necessary force and pulse to perform the breaking or opening operation.
  • the duration of the arc does not depend exclusively on the closing or opening speed of the system of moving contacts since the length of the arc itself is another factor to be taken into account for increasing said breaking capacity.
  • the switches have therein arc quenching chambers in each of the arc quenching areas. There are two chambers in each pole of the switch, demarcated by the space confined between the two casings, the separating partitions and the shuttle.
  • the chambers are in turn made up of an arcing area and a stack of deionizing plates also known as arc quenching chambers. The plates are separated from one another by exchange spaces the function of which is to divide the arc-over voltage.
  • the position of the plates is defined so that during the opening operation, the arc preferably jumps between the fixed contact and the closest deionizing plate. This occurs because as the moving contact is gradually separated from the fixed contact, it reaches an instant in which the insulation distance between the fixed contact and the first deionizing plate is less and, therefore, the arc jumps between them since there would be less dielectric resistance. The arc then continues to be transmitted from plate to plate and thus travelling over a longer path.
  • the arc is thus more effectively quenched, in addition to being moved further away from the moving contact, since the final insulation obtained is proportional to the length traveled by the arc.
  • the invention relates to a method and a load breaker device for breaking electric currents with arc quenching which allows breaking direct or alternating currents regardless of the direction of circulation and apparatus configuration.
  • the invention relates to a method and to a switch device, preferably a circuit breaker, in which constant magnetic fields are applied so that the electric arc quenching is performed more quickly and effectively.
  • Permanent magnets i.e., a material continuously generating a magnetic field over time, are used for applying constant magnetic fields. Unlike the switches using electromagnetic fields which only appear when their coils are excited with energy, the use of permanent magnets has the advantage that the application of the magnetic field is constant, regardless of the operation status of the device.
  • the material and position of these magnets are chosen so that they do not negatively interfere in the normal operation of the switch disconnector.
  • the magnetic field in the arc-over area generates repulsive and or attractive forces over the arc depending on the apparatus configuration. This lengthens the arc due to the magnetic blowout effect and therefore quenches it more quickly and effectively.
  • the arc lengthening direction depends on the direction of circulation of the current in the electric arc and on the polarity of the magnets. Nevertheless, the side towards which it is led is not important since the desired lengthening effect is obtained in both situations.
  • one aspect of the invention relates to an electric switch and/or circuit breaker comprising at least two connectable electrical contacts which can be connected between an electric circuit-breaking position and an electric circuit-making position in which the two contacts are connected providing electrical continuity.
  • the device incorporates at least one permanent magnet arranged in the device such that at least part of the magnetic field generated by said permanent magnet passes through the electric arcing space between said contacts to interfere with said arc leading to its quenching.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for breaking an electric current by means of an electric breaker switch and/or disconnector which comprises applying a permanent magnetic field in the electric arcing space in the electric circuit-breaking area such that said magnetic field interferes with said arc and leads to its quenching.
  • Figure 1 shows an outer view of an embodiment of a 4-pole or phase switch disconnector device which is made up of a casing (7) formed by a top cover (1 a) and a bottom cover (1b) made of insulating material, coupled to one another.
  • Each pole of the device is formed by a fixed contact of a first group of fixed contacts (2, 3, 4 and 5), a second fixed contact of a second group of fixed contacts (2', 3', 4', and 5'), and a moving contact (2", 3", 4", and 5") which can move between an electric circuit-breaking position in which it is not contacting the fixed contacts (corresponding to the position depicted in Figure 2a ) and therefore makes current circulation impossible, and an electric-circuit making position in which it electrically connects the two fixed contacts with which it is associated (corresponding to the position depicted in Figure 4A ) providing electrical continuity.
  • the moving contacts (2", 3", 4", and 5") are assembled equidistantly in a shuttle or slide (6) made of insulating material such that the moving contacts move simultaneously and together with said slide (6).
  • At least part of the fixed contacts and the slide (6) having the moving contacts are housed inside the casing (7) such that the pair of fixed contacts of one and the same pole are facing one another.
  • the slide (6) can be moved linearly inside the casing between two end positions defined by the internal shape of the casing itself, and is assembled in the central space between the two said groups of fixed contacts such that it moves transversely with respect to them.
  • the top cover (1a) has an opening through which an external control (not depicted) is attached with the slide (6) to drive it manually.
  • the slide can, for example, be moved by means of an automatically operated device.
  • the fixed contacts are internally assembled in one of the portions of the casing, for example, in the bottom cover (1 a) by means of screws (8).
  • the moving contacts (2", 3", 4", and 5") are in turn knife-type contacts, i.e., they are made up of two pairs of overlapping flat bars (9,9') forming a space therebetween sized for tightly receiving a fixed contact, such that each moving contact contacts the corresponding fixed contact from the top and the bottom, as seen particularly in the drawings of Figure 8 .
  • These moving contacts (2", 3", 4", and 5" are dual contacts, since each of them is made up of two pairs of electrically connected flat bars (9,9'), where each pair is arranged on one side of the slide to contact a fixed contact of one and the same pole or phase.
  • one of the features defining the present invention comprises the application of a constant magnetic field in the electric circuit-breaking area between the fixed contacts and the moving contacts.
  • a constant magnetic field there is arranged at least one permanent magnet (10) as shown in Figure 3A , suitably positioned so that the magnetic field generated by the magnet interferes with the electric arc generated between the fixed contact (2) and the moving contacts (9,9'), lengthening the arc due to the magnetic blowout effect and, therefore, more quickly and effectively quenching the arc.
  • One pair of magnets per breaking point is preferably arranged, but the invention also includes the possibility of positioning a single magnet per breaking point, such that the magnetic field is not complemented by another magnet located opposite.
  • This embodiment is preferred depending on the conditions of the electric circuit and the corresponding considerations of maximum electric circuit-making and breaking power, as well as the desired electrical contact durability.
  • Figures 3B and 3C show a pair of permanent magnets (10, 10') placed facing one another, i.e., with their axes aligned as indicated by the permanent magnetic field line (A). Furthermore, the magnets (10, 10') are spaced and positioned such that the moving contacts (9,9') and the fixed contact (2) are placed between the two magnets (10, 10') in an electric circuit-making position, i.e., when they are overlapping one another as shown in Figure 3C .
  • the lines of force of the permanent magnetic field (A) cross the fixed and moving contacts in a manner substantially orthogonal to their surfaces, or in other words, perpendicular to the relative plane of movement (B) or plane of contact between the moving contacts (9, 9') and the fixed contact (2), such that the magnetic field generated interferes with or crosses the arc formed between the corresponding fixed and moving contacts.
  • the direction of the lengthening of the arc depends on the direction of circulation of the current in the electric arc and on the polarity of the magnets. Nevertheless, the side to which it is led is not important since the desired lengthening effect is obtained in any situation.
  • the set of magnets is positioned approximately centered with respect to the mid plane (B) of the fixed contact which it influences, therefore the area of the magnetic field generated having the greatest influence is around the mid plane (B) passing through the fixed contact.
  • the neutral plane of each set of magnets is preferably parallel to the plane of movement (B) of the contacts, the field lines thus traverse the contacts in the most favorable direction with respect to the blowout effect.
  • At least one magnet is preferably arranged per fixed contact, be it centered with respect to same or off-centered as will be described below.
  • Figure 2A shows how these magnets (10, 10') are located in a centered or overlapping manner, i.e., vertically aligned with respect to the fixed contact with which they are associated to aid in arc quenching.
  • the distance and position between magnets of the same pair is chosen so that the effect of the magnetic field that they generate is optimally complemented for arc quenching.
  • FIG. 2A shows how each of the magnets (10'), i.e., the magnets coupled in the bottom cover (1b), are vertically aligned on the inner end of the fixed contacts (2-5),(2'-5') intended for contacting the corresponding moving contact (2"- 5"). Even though the outline of the magnets has been highlighted in Figure 2A in order to better see their position, these lower magnets (10') are in reality located behind the fixed contacts.
  • the upper magnets (10) complementing the pairs of permanent magnets when the two covers are coupled are arranged in a similar position in the top cover (1a) such that the two magnets (10, 10') and the corresponding fixed contact are aligned in a vertical axis.
  • the magnets are assembled inside the casing by means of positioning parts made of non-conductive material.
  • the upper magnets (10') are coupled to the bottom cover (1b) through positioning parts (11'), whereas Figure 2B shows upper positioning parts (11), providing each magnet (10) with one of these parts (11), such that these parts (11) are configured for receiving a magnet and for coupling to an inner surface of one of the covers.
  • those positioning parts (11, 11') are that they keep the sets of magnets as close as possible to the electrical contacts, thus maximizing the influence exerted by the magnetic field generated on the electric arc. Furthermore, those positioning parts (11, 11') housing the sets of magnets assure that the correct positioning of the magnets can be reproduced during the manufacturing process, i.e., they assure the correct position of the magnets at all times regardless of the action of the assembly operator.
  • the positioning parts (11, 11') are parts which are independent from one another, they are not structural parts nor do they form part of the body of the apparatus and do not have an insulating function, such that they can be used independently increasing the flexibility in different apparatus configurations.
  • the permanent magnets (10,10') can be directly assembled on the inner surface of the corresponding cover, for which purpose that inner surface can be configured for receiving the corresponding magnets in a fixed position.
  • Figure 4 shows the same preferred embodiment of Figure 2 , but in the electric circuit-making position of the device, corresponding to the situation of the contacts shown in Figure 3C .
  • the permanent magnets do not overlap one another in correspondence with the vertical axis of the fixed contacts, rather they can be moved by a certain distance with respect to said vertical. This is the case of the embodiment depicted in Figures 5 and 6 , where each pair of associated magnets (10, 10') are still facing one another (the axes of the two magnets (10, 10') are aligned according to the magnetic field line (A)), but each pair of magnets are slightly moved with respect to the position of the fixed contact (2) as seen in Figures 6A and 6B , such that the set of magnets is positioned outside the vertical axis (C) passing through the corresponding fixed contact (2).
  • the area of the magnetic field having the maximum influence on the arc is modified, which is advantageous for some specific requirements of the switch. For example, for less demanding requirements (lower electric currents) it is easier to quench the arc at its start, in which case it is recommendable to arrange the magnets centered with respect to the electrical contacts as shown, for example, in Figure 3 . For more demanding requirements (higher electric currents), the blowout of the arc in the central area, i.e., off-centered with respect to the fixed contacts as shown, for example, in Figure 6 , allows directing the arc to the arc quenching chambers more easily to divide the arc with greater ease when the device is used for breaking high currents.
  • the two plan views of Figure 7 clearly show the position of the permanent magnets (10, 10') slightly moved with respect to the position of the corresponding fixed contacts, i.e., with respect to the fixed contacts with which they are associated for quenching the arc, therefore these fixed contacts do not overlap the magnets completely.
  • the movement of the magnets with respect to the vertical axis of the fixed contact is such that in the circuit-making position of the device shown in Figure 5 , when the slide is moved in its right end position, the magnets (10, 10') are located between the fixed contacts and the moving contacts of the slide.
  • This Figure 7 also shows how each permanent magnet (10, 10') is assembled in a positioning part (11, 11') which is in turn fixed to the inner face of the top or bottom cover.
  • Figure 8A shows the position of the magnets with respect to the fixed contacts and moving contacts in the electric circuit-making position of the device when the magnets are aligned with the fixed contacts.
  • arc quenching chambers can be provided in the breaking points.
  • Figure 8B shows the position of these arc quenching chambers (12) located in correspondence with the fixed contacts.
  • These arc quenching chambers (12) can be used together with magnets centered with respect to the fixed contacts such as those of Figure 2 or 4 , or with moved magnets such as those of Figure 5 or 7 , resulting in different device configurations or versions.
  • Figure 9 shows a group of deionizing plates (13) located adjacent to the position of the magnets to aid in arc quenching.
  • the invention has envisaged the incorporation of ventilation openings (14) communicating the inside of the device with the exterior to allow the exit of gases.
  • ventilation openings (14) communicating the inside of the device with the exterior to allow the exit of gases.
  • These openings make preventing the damage of internal contacts possible in more demanding requirements in terms of the current breaking capacity, the high pressure and temperature of gases generated inside the device.
  • These openings facilitate the release of gases to the exterior, whereby prolonging the service life of the contacts and eliminating the risk of explosion due to the high pressure that can be reached by the gases inside the device.
  • the casing of the switch device is rectangular and the fixed contacts (2-5), (2'- 5') are arranged on and protrude from the side faces of the casing.
  • the ventilation openings (14) are housed on the side faces of the front and rear ends of the device, i.e., on the two side faces of the casing not having fixed contacts.
  • An additional advantage of that arrangement of the openings (14) is that the bagging-off of ionized gases of different polarities between the external contacts which could cause short circuits in the outer part of the contacts is prevented.
  • the number of ventilation openings (14) and their size are conveniently chosen depending on the requirements of each model of the switch. In terms of the shape of those openings, it has been found to be particularly advantageous to provide these openings (14) with a triangular shape, as depicted in Figure 10 .
  • a 4-pole switch has been depicted in the drawings as an example, but the invention is also applicable to another type of switch or disconnector device with any other number of poles.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
EP12382297.5A 2012-07-24 2012-07-24 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abschalten elektrischer Ströme mit Lichtbogenlöschung Withdrawn EP2690639A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12382297.5A EP2690639A1 (de) 2012-07-24 2012-07-24 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abschalten elektrischer Ströme mit Lichtbogenlöschung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12382297.5A EP2690639A1 (de) 2012-07-24 2012-07-24 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abschalten elektrischer Ströme mit Lichtbogenlöschung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2690639A1 true EP2690639A1 (de) 2014-01-29

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EP12382297.5A Withdrawn EP2690639A1 (de) 2012-07-24 2012-07-24 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abschalten elektrischer Ströme mit Lichtbogenlöschung

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9552951B2 (en) 2015-03-06 2017-01-24 Cooper Technologies Company High voltage compact fusible disconnect switch device with magnetic arc deflection assembly
US9601297B2 (en) 2015-03-23 2017-03-21 Cooper Technologies Company High voltage compact fuse assembly with magnetic arc deflection
CN107134377A (zh) * 2017-06-15 2017-09-05 浙江达威电子股份有限公司 一种磁性滑动开关
US10636607B2 (en) 2017-12-27 2020-04-28 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited High voltage compact fused disconnect switch device with bi-directional magnetic arc deflection assembly
US10854414B2 (en) 2016-05-11 2020-12-01 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited High voltage electrical disconnect device with magnetic arc deflection assembly

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1082175A (en) * 1963-08-21 1967-09-06 Contactor Switchgear Ltd Improvements relating to electromagnetic contactors
GB2246664A (en) * 1990-07-31 1992-02-05 Dewhurst Plc Snap action switch
EP2061053A2 (de) * 2007-11-17 2009-05-20 Moeller GmbH Schaltgerät für Gleichstrom-Anwendungen

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1082175A (en) * 1963-08-21 1967-09-06 Contactor Switchgear Ltd Improvements relating to electromagnetic contactors
GB2246664A (en) * 1990-07-31 1992-02-05 Dewhurst Plc Snap action switch
EP2061053A2 (de) * 2007-11-17 2009-05-20 Moeller GmbH Schaltgerät für Gleichstrom-Anwendungen

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9552951B2 (en) 2015-03-06 2017-01-24 Cooper Technologies Company High voltage compact fusible disconnect switch device with magnetic arc deflection assembly
US9881761B2 (en) 2015-03-06 2018-01-30 Cooper Technologies Company High voltage compact fusible disconnect switch device with magnetic arc deflection assembly
US10224169B2 (en) 2015-03-06 2019-03-05 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited High voltage compact fusible disconnect switch device with magnetic arc deflection assembly
US10381186B2 (en) 2015-03-06 2019-08-13 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited High voltage compact fusible disconnect switch device with magnetic arc deflection assembly
US9601297B2 (en) 2015-03-23 2017-03-21 Cooper Technologies Company High voltage compact fuse assembly with magnetic arc deflection
US10854414B2 (en) 2016-05-11 2020-12-01 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited High voltage electrical disconnect device with magnetic arc deflection assembly
CN107134377A (zh) * 2017-06-15 2017-09-05 浙江达威电子股份有限公司 一种磁性滑动开关
CN107134377B (zh) * 2017-06-15 2019-12-10 浙江达威电子股份有限公司 一种磁性滑动开关
US10636607B2 (en) 2017-12-27 2020-04-28 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited High voltage compact fused disconnect switch device with bi-directional magnetic arc deflection assembly

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