EP2668672A2 - Device and method for concentrating incident light - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to develop a device (100; 100'; 100"; 100'"; 100""; 100 ) provided for concentrating incident light (L), in particular the light of the sun (S), having at least one cap body (10), having in particular a spherical cross section, by means of which the incident light (L) can be directed onto at least one photovoltaic absorber means (20), in particular onto at least one solar cell, for example onto at least one solar cell plate or onto at least one solar cell bar, and to develop a corresponding method in such a manner that the degree of shading or lighting of a dwelling or a room can be adjusted in the same manner as shutters and/or slats, it is proposed for the cap body (10) to be formed at least partially (10u), in particular at least in sections, in a non-translucent manner, for example as a reflective body, and for said non-translucent part (10u) of the cap body (10) that are capable of tracking and/or are readjustable, in particular in the same manner as at least one shutter element and/or at least one slat element, for example in the same manner as at least one shading shutter element and/or in the same manner as at least one shading slat element.

Description

 V O R R I C H U N G U N D V E R F A H R E N Z U M

 C O N E N T R I E R E N O N E N A L L E N E M L I C H T

Technical area

The present invention relates to a device for concentrating incident light, in particular the light of the sun, provided device, comprising at least one, in particular spherical cross-section calotte body, by means of which the incident light on at least one photovoltaic absorber, in particular at least one solar cell, for example on at least one solar cell plate or at least one solar cell latch, is deflected.

The present invention further relates to a method for concentrating incident light, in particular the light of the sun, by means of the Kaustikeffekts at least one, in particular spherical cross-section, Kalottenkörpers by which the incident light on at least one photovoltaic absorber means, in particular at least one solar cell, For example, at least one solar cell plate or at least one solar cell latch, is deflected. State of the art

Solar collectors are conventionally often designed as planar modules.

The document WO 2009/135892 A2 discloses a device and a method for concentrating incident light, in particular sunlight, which has a trough-shaped or trough-shaped, in particular at least approximately spherical cross-section, calotte.

The publication US 2007/0186921 A1 discloses a cylindrical solar energy collector which follows the principle of large-area thermovoltaics and has a cylindrical concentrator, a mirror movement within the cylinder and a type of internal tracking. In this solar energy collector, the absorber is located in the center of symmetry of the spherical cylinder, and the caustic is not applied.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION: OBJECT, SOLUTION, ADVANTAGES If the modules mentioned in the introduction are used, for example, in the area of patio roofs, verandas or smaller home units, then the user often has the desire to determine the degree of shading or lightening of a dwelling or a room To be able to adjust the type of blinds and / or slats. There is also a corresponding need for large, windowed industrial and office building facades. This object is achieved by a device having the features specified in claim 1 and by a method having the features specified in claim 9. Advantageous embodiments and expedient developments of the present invention are characterized in the respective subclaims.

According to the invention, therefore, a solar module with lamellar properties is provided, in particular at least one trough-shaped or trough-shaped, for example, in cross section at least approximately spherically formed, the calotte

- Partially translucent, especially partially transparent, and partially opaque, in particular partially mirrored, may be formed or

- even at least one opaque, in particular mirrored, part, for example in the form of a quarter-calotte (corresponding to an opening angle of ninety degrees), can have.

In this case, the symmetry of the preferably spherical mirror in cross-section and its "wandering" focal point and the associated large tolerance angle enable a mechanically simple internal tracking and / or readjustment of the concentrating mirror together with the absorber, in particular within the calotte radius or Kalottenumfangs.

In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the concentrators can be installed in at least one intermediate space, ie between the panes, in particular between the glass panes, at least one thermally insulated window, wherein the discs enclosing the present system are formed in multiple layers, in particular in the manner of at least one thermo glass pane can.

In a preferred embodiment, the intermediate space in which the concentrator arrangement is located can be evacuated as in a thermo glass pane or filled with at least one gas, for example with air, or with at least one other optically transparent medium (off).

Conveniently, the Kalottenkörper, for example in the manner of a shading lamella, designed as a trough or trough-shaped, in cross-section spherical solar concentrator for solar energy production within at least one thermally insulated window.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the concentrators as shading blinds and / or as Abschattungslamellen to optimize shading and / or solar energy production mechanically and / or electromechanically and / or magnetostatically about its center, in particular on a partial circular path, rotatable and thus adjustable, in particular trackable and / or readjustable.

In an advantageous embodiment, the frame of the preferably thermally insulated window of the heat dissipation of the concentrator and is connected to the side parts of the concentrator and / or the absorber carrier thermally conductive. In a so-called reduced dome, in which the dome body substantially reduced to the opaque part, that is substantially opaque, in particular as a mirror body is formed, for example in the form of a freely movable quarter dome (opening angle of ninety degrees), the central axis of rotation in advantageously be thermally conductively connected to the frame. The absorber carrier can then, in order to allow heat removal, be connected in a correspondingly thermally conductive manner with the axis of rotation.

To optimize the glare, vision and / or sun protection effect behind, that is on the side facing away from the incident light side of the concentrating dome at least one glare, visual and / or sun protection element can be mounted statically. This glare, visual and / or sun protection element can be expediently non-transparent, in particular mirrored, for example in the form of at least one dome element, such as at least one eighth-caliber (corresponding to an opening angle of 45 degrees) or at least a quarter dome (corresponding to a Opening angle of ninety degrees), or in the form of at least one alternative, such as rectangular, molded antiglare.

In such concentrators, the concentration ratio and the tolerance angle in the mirror in a preferred manner on the geometry of the mirror, the mirror opening, the shape of the absorber, the geometry of the absorber and / or the arrangement of the absorber are adjustable. The geometric data are advantageously scalable, that is, the geometric data can be made larger or smaller, with the scaling factor, neither the concentration factor nor the tolerance angle changes. Thus, the system according to the present invention can be adapted to different applications via its geometry and provides a high degree of freedom.

In a particularly advantageous manner, this scalability is independent of the absorber material. The absorber material may expediently be formed by silicon, by polysilicon, by amorphous silicon or by thin-film elements, in particular by CIS elements (CIS means CulnS ₂ = copper indium disulfide). With such a scaling, the following parameters can be adapted, in particular in the context:

- the radius of the concentrator calotte;

 - the width of the absorber;

 - The distance of the absorber from the bottom or bottom of the concentrator calotte;

 - The thickness and / or the width of the absorber.

Conveniently, the mirrored portion representing the concentrator of the system can be scaled (ie, made larger or smaller) coincident with or together with the absorber geometries defined by the photovoltaic absorber means and / or the carrier of the photovoltaic absorber means and adapts to the respective application.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the mutual distance of the concentrators in the window structures may be uniform or uneven, for example, depending on the desired transparency between the concentrators. If, for example, an increased transparency is required in certain areas or at specific locations, the distance of the concentrators from one another in these areas or at these locations can be selected to be greater, which naturally leads to a lower energy yield.

In order to avoid shading, a distance between two concentrator mirrors is to be selected, which corresponds approximately to twice the mirror radius, ie approximately 2R. If, on the other hand, the triple mirror radius, ie 3R, is chosen as the distance between two concentrator mirrors at a particular point in the overall system, for example at eye level, the transparency increases from about fifty percent to about 75 percent, whereas the energy yield per area at this point increases Job goes back.

By means of such a variation of the distance of the concentrators to each other, it is also possible to achieve optically creative effects.

The present invention is particularly

 - for facades as well

 - for flat roofs, for example for pitched roofs and conservatories,

applicable, with complete integrability of the photovoltaic modules and without Aufstelzungen would be required. In particular, the spherical cross-section concentrators of the present invention are applicable as fins in window structures.

Thus, the present invention finally relates to the use of at least one device according to the type and / or method set out above for glare, visual and / or solar protection in the interior and / or exterior of buildings, in particular

 - on a facade or

- on a flat roof, for example on a pitched roof or in a conservatory. Brief description of the drawings

As already discussed above, there are various possibilities for embodying and developing the teaching of the present invention in an advantageous manner. For this purpose, reference is made on the one hand to the claims subordinate to claim 1, on the other hand further embodiments, features and advantages of the present invention are explained below, inter alia, with reference to the embodiments illustrated by FIG. 1 to FIG.

It shows:

Fig. 1 in conceptual schematic representation of a first embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention, which operates according to the method according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a conceptual schematic representation of a second embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention operating according to the method of the present invention;

Fig. 3A is a conceptual schematic representation of a third embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention operating according to the method of the present invention;

Fig. 3B is a conceptual schematic representation of the third embodiment of Fig. 3A in a modification according to the present invention operating according to the method of the present invention;

Fig. 3C is a conceptual schematic representation of the third embodiment of Fig. 3B in a further modification according to the present invention, which operates according to the method according to the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a conceptual schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention operating according to the method of the present invention; Fig. 5 is a conceptual schematic representation of a fifth embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention operating according to the method of the present invention; and

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a sixth embodiment of a device according to the present invention, which operates according to the method according to the present invention.

Identical or similar embodiments, elements or features are provided with identical reference symbols in FIGS. 1 to 6.

Best way to carry out the present invention

To avoid superfluous repetition, the following explanations relate to the embodiments, features and advantages of the present invention - unless otherwise stated -

- Both on the basis of FIG. 1 illustrated first embodiment 100th

 - As well as on the basis of FIG. 2 illustrated second embodiment 100 '

as well as the third exemplary embodiment 100 "illustrated with reference to FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C.

 - as well as on the basis of Fig. 4 illustrated fourth embodiment 100 "'

as well as to the fifth embodiment 100 "illustrated with reference to FIG. 5 - As well as on the basis of Fig. 6 illustrated sixth embodiment 100th

of the present invention.

In the exemplary embodiment according to the right half of Fig. 1, the (in relation to the state of the sun S, see Fig. 2) respective upper part 10o of (nine in the example in Fig. 1) calottes 10 is transparent (see reference numeral T ), that is translucent formed, whereas the (in relation to the state of the sun S) respective lower part 10u of the (exemplarily in Fig. 1 nine) calottes 10 mirrored (see reference V) is formed, resulting in a semi-transparent solar module with Slat properties leads. In this case, the incident light L is concentrated in the region of at least one respective photovoltaic absorber means 20, in particular in the region of at least one respective solar cell, for example in the region of at least one respective solar cell plate or at least one respective solar cell bar, in order to achieve the highest possible efficiency through this optical concentration , In general, the absorber 20 does not necessarily have to be mounted in the optical axis (± 45 degrees), but may also deviate from it, for example +40 degrees or -50 degrees.

By comparison therewith, in the left half of FIG. 1 (three by way of example) conventional planar modules are shown, by the inclination of which both transparent (see reference symbol T), ie transparent areas and shaded (see reference symbol A), areas behind the planar ones Modules are created, where "behind" here on the side facing away from the incident (sun) ücht means.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the photovoltaic absorber means may be statically mounted with respect to the cap 10. As is apparent from the exemplary illustration of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, an essential difference from previous conventional application areas is that the modules 100, 100 ', 100 ", 100'", 100 "", 100 according to the invention do not necessarily have the Roof area can be used, but also in the interior of a housing or a building G can be used, so that an adjustability is made possible due to the lack of weather.

In this case, photovoltaic energy production via spherical concentric concentrators basically requires no tracking of the concentrators, because the tolerance angle is large enough. This applies both to outdoor applications, for example on facades and on roofs, as well as indoors, for example in gardens and in windows, but also for integration in roofs and / or in the cladding (see Fig. 2).

The expert in the field of solar collector technology will appreciate in particular that by means of the device 100, 100 ', 100 ", 100", 100 "", 100 and by means of the method according to the invention

- Both daylight L 'is usable in the building (so-called lamellar effect), namely made possible by the respective upper transparent, ie translucent area 10o of the dome 10 through which the (sun) ücht L in the building G as light L' can occur .

 - As well as solar energy can be obtained, namely by means of the respective lower mirrored portion 10u of the cap 10, in which the incident (sun) ücht L is thrown onto the photovoltaic absorber means 20.

With respect to the technical implementation of the present invention, not only the small height (for example, less than about five centimeters) of the module 100, 100 ', 100 ", 100", 100 "", 100 is remarkable, but also the simple construction with for example five mounting parts, such as

- a dome 10 (mirror), for example made of plastic, - two side parts, for example made of aluminum,

 a silicon carrier, for example of aluminum, and

 - A cover plate 30, for example made of acrylic glass or Plexiglas or glass. The assembly of these mounting parts can be done with known production methods, such as with adhesive bonding or thermal welding.

If the modules described above are used in the interior of a building, for example behind windows, then the structure can be simplified insofar as the cover plate 30 (which represents a substantial cost factor) can then be omitted.

This cost reduction step can be continued by placing the above-described solar system 100, 100 ', 100 ", 100", 100 "", 100 in a window with thermal glazing, for example in a wood / aluminum window or, in particular, in a plastic / Aluminum window, is integrated, with a special composite construction, the installation of a sun and privacy between the two panes 40, 42 of the thermal glazing is possible.

If the two panes 40, 42 of the thermal glass are not mounted at a conventional distance of about one centimeter in the frame, but at a greater distance, for example, less than about five centimeters, then between the two discs 40, 42, the mirror caps 10 with the absorber carriers 22 and the absorbers 20, as shown in the exemplary illustration of the embodiment of FIG. 3A.

The assembly of the mirror cap 10 according to FIG. 3A can also be carried out in an advantageous manner such that the mirror cap 10 does not fill the entire space between the discs 40, 42 but at least one gap remains on at least one side for higher thermal insulation.

In this embodiment, in a balanced ratio of about fifty percent to about fifty percent, a change occurs between substantially transparent areas (<-> no mirror cap 10 with absorber carrier 22 and absorber 20 mounted between panes 40, 42) and substantially nontransparent areas (< -> Mirror calotte 10 with absorber carrier 22 and absorber 20 between discs 40, 42 mounted). The arrangement of the dome 10 thus results in each case about the same size transparent as opaque area.

Since the geometry of the concentrator 10 with the absorber 20 and optionally with the absorber carrier 22 directly scalable, that is in its geometrical dimensions without significant change in function enlarged and reduced (see also the illustrated with reference to FIG geometrical dimensions of scalable concentrator 10 with absorber carrier 22 and absorber 20 mounted on concentrator 10), the spacing between panes 40, 42 may be, for example, about 1.5 cm or about 2.5 cm. In this way, the cost of the photovoltaic solar system 100 ", 100 '", 100 "", 100 reduced to the cap 10u, the absorber carrier 22 and the absorber 20. For installation between two glass sheets 40, 42, the transparent part 10o be omitted, that is, the cap body 10 is reduced to the opaque portion 10u. Thus, by requiring only the optically active mirrored part 10u of the concentrating element, the half-calotte according to FIGS. 1, 2 becomes, for example, a quarter-calotte according to FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, 4, 5 , Fig. 6 reduced. The optically active area of the mirror depends on the geometries of the concentrator system. The disks 40, 46 and 42, 48 enclosing the concentrator system may also be designed as multi-layered thermal disks (see Fig. 3A). When compared to Fig. 3A modified photovoltaic solar system 100 "shown in FIG. 3B, the concentrator dome 10 and the absorber 20 with carrier 22 between the first two disks 40, 42 (= in the first space) a triple glazed, ie the first space and a The respective space between two disks 40, 42 and 42, 44, that is, the respective width of each of the two spaces may be, for example, about eighteen millimeters to about twenty millimeters.

Also in the photovoltaic solar system 100 "according to Fig. 3B are used for concentration of light concentrators as spherical mirrors 10, which are arranged between the glass sheets 40, 42. It is achieved a high transparency of fifty percent, because the concentrators are quarter mirror 10u and each other in Distance 2R (= spaced at twice the dome radius) to avoid shadowing.

From the ratio of the shading distance of 2R to the radius R of the quarter mirror 10u, the transparency for the optical information is then fifty percent, the optical concentration being applied by the mirrors 10 only to the incident sunlight L; the beam path of the optical information from the outside is unimpaired in that portion or area in which the concentrator is not.

As can be seen from the differences between the exemplary embodiments according to FIG. 3B and according to FIG. 3C, the mutual spacing of the concentrators 10 in the window structures 40, 42, 44 can depend on the desired transparency

- evenly

 (See Fig. 3B = cross-sectional view of concentrators 10 evenly spaced 2R between the discs 40, 42, 44 of a triple-glazed thermal insulation panel) or

 - uneven

 (see Fig. 3C = cross-sectional view of an increased distance 3R between the concentrators 10 in some areas of the thermal insulation panel for the purpose of increased transparency at this location)

be.

If, for example, an increased transparency is required in certain areas or at specific locations, then in these areas (see the upper area in FIG. 3C) or at these locations the distance of the concentrators 10 from each other can be selected to be greater Energy yield goes hand in hand.

In order to avoid shading, a distance between two concentrator mirrors 10 is selected which corresponds approximately to twice the mirror radius, that is to say approximately 2R (see Fig. 3B, see the lower area in Fig. 3C). If, on the other hand, the triple mirror radius, that is to say 3R, is selected as the distance between two concentrator mirrors 10 at a specific point in the overall system, for example at eye level of a person (see the upper area in FIG. 3C), the transparency of about fifty percent increases to about 75 percent, whereas the energy yield per area at this point goes back.

By means of the variation of the spacing of the concentrators 10 relative to one another, illustrated with reference to FIG. 3C, it is also possible to achieve optically creative effects.

With regard to geometrical scalability, the geometric data of the photovoltaic Solar system modules 100, 100 ', 100 ", 100'", 100 "", 100 are basically also made larger or smaller, with the scaling factor, neither the concentration factor nor the tolerance angle changes.

In this way, the system 100, 100 ', 100 ", 100'", 100 "", 100 can be adapted to different applications via its geometry and provides a high degree of freedom, the following parameters having to be adapted in context (cf. lower part of Fig. 3B and Fig. 3C):

 the radius R of the calotte 10;

 the width B of the absorber 20;

 the distance D of the absorber 20 from the bottom or lower edge of the calotte 10;

the thickness and / or the width of the carrier 22 of the photovoltaic absorber means 20.

For windows with metal frames, cooling the modules to the outside can be done easily. The metal frames of the thermal glazing can also be integrated into the heat dissipation of the absorber 20 at the same time. The cost of such a solar window are determined by the compared to conventional windows wider window frames, by the semitransparent or reduced to the mirrored mirror calotte 10 and the absorber 20 with respective absorber carrier 22.

Since the window base construction can be used with such solar windows,

- As only a few additional elements, such as mirrors 10u and absorber 20 with carriers 22, are needed and

- As in the ratio of the light concentration - depending on the geometries of the concentrator - absorber material 20 can be saved in comparison to planar modules (so is in the embodiments of a solar window according to Fig. 3A, Fig. 3B, Fig. 3C, Fig. 4, FIG 5, Fig. 6 requires only about one third of the silicon area of planar modules),

leads such a solar window according to the present invention to a very cost-effective solution with high design freedom.

4, the glare, visual and / or sunscreen effect can be further increased by inserting a further reduced (in size) mirrored dome 10 (FIG. 4), as compared with the embodiment of FIG. 4 modified in comparison with FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C. , for example, eighth or quarter) dome 12 is mounted. This non-transparent, ideally mirrored additional dome 12 prevents the penetration of light rays L when the concentrating dome 10 is rotated by an angle following the change in the state of the sun S (see Fig. 4).

According to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, at least one mechanism for adjusting the calottes 10 can be integrated into such a solar window and thus a lamellar effect can be achieved.

Here, in the adjustment mechanism of the embodiment of Figure 5, the adjustment axis for the adjustment of the dome 10 is not necessarily led out to the outside of the glazed area; Rather, the adjustment can also be brought about by electromagnetic internal components. Here, the mirror element and the absorber 20 are mechanically rigidly coupled and are thus moved as a unit.

The construction of the embodiments according to FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, 4, 5, 6 combines a thermal insulation window with a high degree of solar energy production and with a lamellar shading. The use of solar energy through concentrators in such a thermally insulated window requires the shading blades to be mounted. This considerably reduces the maintenance effort compared to conventional external shading blades. The space between the glass panes 40, 42 receiving the spherical body 10 with the photovoltaic absorber means 20 can be evacuated - comparable to a thermally insulated window. Alternatively, in this space may also

at least one gas, for example air, or

- At least one other optically transparent medium

are located.

If the concentrator mirrors are used as sunshades such as shutter slats, a better sun protection can be achieved by readjusting the basic setting. If the readjustment for glare, sight and / or sun protection remains within the tolerance range, this has only a small effect on the energy production in the basic setting. In other angular ranges, a compromise between the desire for energy and the desire for increased glare, vision and / or sun protection is considered.

The readjustment can be effected by tracking the rotatable mirror 10u in the cap 10, the mirror 10u being movably mounted around the center in the cap 10. The axis of rotation is guided on the side parts of the calotte 10 to the outside, provided with a gear 24 and readjusted via a, in particular with the gear 24 cooperating threaded rod 26. Alternatively or additionally, the outwardly guided assembly axes (axes of rotation) can also, as known from the sun visor technology, coupled and moved by cables together.

In this way, a plurality of mirrors can be readjusted internally synchronously without the domes 10 being moved (see FIG. 5). Such a readjustment can take place daily and / or seasonally. Due to its simple structure, this concept can be used both indoors and outdoors. As can be seen from the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, 4, 5, 6, the concentrators are shading lamellae for optimizing shadowing and / or solar energy generation, mechanical, electromechanical and / or magnetostatic rotatable about its center on a partial circular path and thus adjustable. The photovoltaic element 20 is mounted in the center of the 90 ° mirror (or its optical axis) and thus moves with the mirror, if a readjustment of the default setting is desired.

Such a concept makes it possible to mount the photovoltaic domes (systems) in areas or in places not optimal solar radiation, where the tolerance angle is not sufficient. This opens up 10 new application areas with the readjustability of the mirror within the calotte. In addition, there are further application possibilities.

The rotatable mirror does not necessarily have to span an angular range of ninety degrees; Rather, depending on the desired properties, for example, 85 degrees or 95 degrees are possible. Prerequisite for this mechanical readjustment of the concentrating mirror within the cap 10 is the large tolerance angle, due to the Kaustikkurve a spherical cross-section mirror and their Mitwandern with the direction of the incident light. Consequently, the "wandering" focal point and the associated high acceptance angle with respect to the incident light L of the concentrator 10 are a precondition for the functioning of this simple tracking or readjustment.

The combination possibilities that a concentric spherical concentrator system with thermally insulated windows according to FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, 4, 5, 6 offers can be achieved as a result of material cost reduction and efficiency increase on facades and on flat roofs and as a result of better silicon utilization per unit area by means of the present invention, approximately halve the photovoltaic module and operating costs compared to conventional systems. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100 Device for concentrating incident light L, in particular of the sun S

 (= first embodiment, see Fig. 1)

100 'device for concentrating incident light L, in particular the sun S

 (= second embodiment, see Fig. 2)

 100 "device for concentrating incident light L, in particular the sun S

 (= third embodiment, see Fig. 3A, Fig. 3B, Fig. 3C)

100 "'device for concentrating incident light L, in particular the sun S

 (= fourth embodiment, see Fig. 4)

100 "" device for concentrating incident light L, in particular the sun S

 (= fifth embodiment, see Fig. 5)

100 Device for concentrating incident light L, in particular of the sun S

 (= sixth embodiment, see Fig. 6)

10 dome or calotte body

10o in particular upper, for example translucent or transparent, part of the dome or the

Kalottenkörpers 10

 10u in particular lower, for example, opaque or mirrored, part of the dome or the Kalottenkörpers 10th

 12 glare, sight and / or sun protection element, in particular Kalottenelement, for example, eighth-caliber with opening angle 45 degrees or Viertelkalotte with opening angle ninety degrees

 20 photovoltaic absorber means, in particular photovoltaic element or solar cell, for example solar cell plate or solar cell latch

 22 carrier of the photovoltaic absorber means 20

 24 gear

26 threaded rod

 30 cover plate

 40 first pane, in particular first window or first glass pane

42 second pane, in particular second window pane or second pane of glass

44 more disc, especially another window or more glass

46 more disc, especially another window or more glass

48 more disc, especially another window or more glass

A shadowed

 B width of the photovoltaic absorber means 20

 D Distance of the photovoltaic absorber means 20 from the bottom or lower edge of the dome or the Kalottenkörpers 10th

 G building

 L light, especially incident light

L 'daylight

 R radius of the dome or calotte body 10

S sun

 T transparent

V mirrored

Claims

 Device (100; 100 '; 100 "; 100'"; 100 ""; 100) provided for concentrating incident light (L), in particular the light of the sun (S), comprising at least one, in particular spherical cross-section and / or or in particular trough-shaped or trough-shaped, calotte body (10), by means of which the incident light (L) on at least one photovoltaic absorber means (20), in particular at least one solar cell, for example, at least one solar cell plate or at least one solar cell latch, can be deflected .  characterized ,  that the calotte body (10) at least partially (10u), in particular at least partially, opaque, for example, as a mirror body is formed, and  in that this opaque part (10u) of the calotte body (10) is trackable and / or readjustable, in particular in the manner of at least one louver element and / or in the manner of at least one lamellar element, for example in the manner of at least one shade louver element and / or in the manner of at least one shade lamella element , Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the calotte body (10)  partially (10o), in particular in sections, translucent, in particular transparent, and  partially (10u), in particular in sections, opaque, especially mirrored,  is. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the Kalottenkörper (10), in particular substantially, on at least one opaque, in particular mirrored, part (10u) is reduced. Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the opaque part (10u) of the calotte body (10) is scalable coincident with or together with the photovoltaic absorber means (20). Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the scaling independent of the material of the photovoltaic absorber means (20) and / or  with respect to the radius (R) of the calotte body (10),  with respect to the width (B) of the photovoltaic absorber means (20),  with respect to the distance (D) of the photovoltaic absorber means (20) from the bottom or lower edge of the cap body (10),  with respect to the width of the carrier (22) of the photovoltaic absorber means (20) and / or  with respect to the thickness of the support (22) of the photovoltaic absorber means (20)  he follows. Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the calotte body (10)  by means of at least one toothed wheel (24) and at least one threaded rod (26) or  by means of at least one cable pull  trackable and / or readjustable, in particular synchronously trackable and / or synchronous readjustable, is. Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the calotte body (10) is mechanically and / or electromechanically and / or magnetostatically, in particular on a partial circular path, rotatable about its center and / or adjustable. 8. Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that on the of at least one glare, sight and / or sun protection element (12), in particular in the form of at least one dome element, for example in the form of at least one non-transparent, such as mirrored, eighth or quarter-calotte, is arranged. Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the calotte body (10) with the photovoltaic absorber means (20) in at least one space between at least two discs (40, 42, 44, 46, 48), in particular between at least two Glass panes, for example, at least one thermally insulated window, is installed. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the gap evacuated or with at least one gas, for example with air, filled, in particular filled, or filled with at least one other optically transparent medium, in particular filled, is. Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the with the photovoltaic absorber means (20) provided Kalottenkörper (10) are each equally spaced. Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the with the photovoltaic absorber means (20) provided Kalottenkörper (10) are unevenly spaced from each other, in particular for the purpose of increased transparency, for example visual transparency, in defined areas or at defined locations , for example, at eye level. Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the frame of the window, in particular the thermally insulated window, the heat dissipation is used and with the axis of rotation and / or with the side parts of the calotte body (10) and / or with the side parts of at least one absorber carrier (22) thermally conductively connected. Method for concentrating incident light (L), in particular the light of the sun (S), by means of the Kaustikeffekts at least one, in particular spherical cross-section, Kalottenkörpers (10), by means of which the incident light (L) on at least one photovoltaic absorber means (20 ), in particular to at least one solar cell, for example to at least one solar cell plate or at least one solar cell latch, is deflected, characterized , that the calotte body (10) at least partially (10u), in particular at least partially, opaque, for example, as a mirror body is formed, and in that this opaque part (10u) of the calotte body (10) is tracked and / or readjusted, in particular in the manner of at least one louver element and / or in the manner of at least one lamellar element, for example in the manner of at least one shade louver element and / or in the manner of at least one shade lamella element , Use of at least one device (100, 100 ', 100 ", 100", 100 "", 100 ") according to at least one of claims 1 to 13 and / or the method according to claim 14 for glare, visual and / or solar protection in Interior and / or exterior of buildings, in particular on a facade or on a flat roof, for example on a pitched roof or in a conservatory.