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EP2655677B1 - Verfahren und anlage zur kontinuierlichen herstellung eines stahldrahtes - Google Patents

Verfahren und anlage zur kontinuierlichen herstellung eines stahldrahtes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2655677B1
EP2655677B1 EP11815567.0A EP11815567A EP2655677B1 EP 2655677 B1 EP2655677 B1 EP 2655677B1 EP 11815567 A EP11815567 A EP 11815567A EP 2655677 B1 EP2655677 B1 EP 2655677B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steel wire
steel
patenting
process according
section
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Application number
EP11815567.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2655677A1 (de
Inventor
Simone Agresti
Federico CIANCIOSI
Andrea Pieralli
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Bekaert NV SA
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Bekaert NV SA
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Publication of EP2655677A1 publication Critical patent/EP2655677A1/de
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/573—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with cooling
    • C21D9/5732—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with cooling of wires; of rods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/64—Patenting furnaces

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a process and a plant for continuously manufacturing a steel wire, as well as such a steel wire and a cord formed with a plurality of such steel wires.
  • the steel wires or cords can be used as structural reinforcement elements in the manufacture of elastomeric materials, like for example semifinished products intended for manufacturing tyres, tubes, conveyor belts, driving belts and cables.
  • the steel wires can also be used for cutting materials.
  • a cord is typically made by cording a plurality of suitable steel wires.
  • the steel wires intended for manufacturing tyres comprise a steel core coated by at least one metal layer which provides for both protecting the underlying steel from corrosion and for providing a suitable adhesion of the metal wire or of the cord comprising said wire to the elastomeric material with which the wire or the cord are rubber coated, in addition to facilitating and improving the drawing process which the wire undergoes.
  • documents US6228188 , US7354493 , and US20090308503 refer to processes and systems for manufacturing highly resistant wires through heat treatment.
  • GB1549125 A , US3718024 A and FR 1409716 A disclose in general multi stage wire cooling at patenting.
  • the manufacture of steel wire typically provides a series of continuous machining and treatments, comprising at least: a first drawing, during which the steel wire is brought to a diameter that is suitable for the machining and for the subsequent treatments; austenitizing, during which the steel wire is heated to a temperature of 950-1100 °C and is kept at such a temperature for a period of time that is sufficient for the steel structure to entirely become austenite; a patenting, during which the steel wire is quickly cooled to about 550-600 °C and is kept at such a temperature for a period of time that is sufficient for the steel is kept at such a temperature for a period of time that is sufficient for the steel structure to become substantially pearlitic; a coating treatment, for example brassing, in which the steel wire is coated with metal or metal alloys for example with copper and zinc; a drawing, in which the diameter of the steel wire is reduced to the final desired value.
  • austenite to refer to steel with a substantially entirely austenitic structure, pearl
  • the desired phase transformation of the structure of the steel wire from austenite (solid solution of carbon in gamma iron) to pearlite (formed by lamellae of ferrite and of cementite) is indeed carried out as long as the initial cooling is quick enough, otherwise the austenite does not transform into pearlite but into bainite (acicular aggregate formed by ferrite and particles of cementite or complex carbides), which is a steel structure that is not desired, since it is not suitable for the subsequent drawing: by this it is meant that the mechanical characteristics of the steel wire after drawing are not optimal if the structure thereof comprises a considerable amount of bainite.
  • the Applicant has found that it is possible to keep the austenitic structure of the steel wire even when subjecting it to slow cooling, after being austenitized at high temperature.
  • the Applicant has thus found that it is possible to slowly lower the temperature of the steel wire, keeping its austenitic structure, and then quickly cool it in a simpler manner -thanks to the lower starting temperature- causing the desired transformation from austenite to pearlite, forming a wire which -once drawn-has excellent mechanical characteristics (for example high resistance, high elongation and high torsional and fatigue resistance).
  • the Applicant has found that pearlite forming the wire mainly has a lamellar microstructure rather than a fragmented microstructure and again that such a lamellar structure is fine; by the term "fine” it is meant to indicate a lamellar microstructure in which the spacing is lower than about 100 nm.
  • the Applicant has attributed to this fine lamellar pearlitic microstructure a greater capability of the wire of withstanding the subsequent drawing.
  • the invention concerns a process for manufacturing a steel wire according to claim 1.
  • the Applicant has been able to find that during the slow cooling, the steel wire substantially keeps its austenite structure unaltered; with the subsequent quick cooling, the steel wire is brought to the conditions wherein it can begin changing phase in which the austenitic structure is transformed into pearlitic structure.
  • the beginning of the change of state can also occur at a relatively low temperature, at the second predetermined temperature of (550-600 °C), i.e. at the ideal conditions for there to be the substantially total desired transformation into pearlite.
  • the invention concerns a plant for the production of steel wire according to claim 12.
  • Further aspects of the invention concern a steel wire obtained according to the process of the first aspect of the invention, a process for manufacturing a steel cord which uses such a steel wire and a steel cord obtained with such a process.
  • drawing the steel wire is carried out until the wire has a diameter of 0.1-0.6 mm.
  • the process comprises coating the steel wire with at least a metal or metal alloy layer.
  • such a coating of the steel wire is carried out in order to brass said steel wire.
  • the slow cooling is carried out in air.
  • air in the present description, it is meant a gaseous atmosphere which mainly comprises air, but it is not excluded for there to be other secondary gaseous substances, for example due to the machining previously carried out or that occur immediately after, or that come from the steel itself in those temperature conditions.
  • the slow cooling therefore, does not require a complex cooling system; it is sufficient to ensure an exchange of air that is suitable for taking away the heat necessary for the desired reduction of temperature.
  • the quick cooling can be carried out in molten lead bath.
  • This system makes it possible to obtain, in a relatively simple manner, the desired quick lowering of the temperature thanks to the thermal conductivity of lead and thanks to the possibility of suitably adjusting the temperature of molten lead.
  • the quick cooling is carried out by spraying cooling liquid. This system allows a better control of the temperature in the subsequent sections of the plant during the quick cooling.
  • the keeping of the wire at a predetermined temperature is carried out in molten lead bath.
  • This system makes it possible to take away, in a relatively simple manner, the great amount of heat necessary for the transformation of austenite into pearlite.
  • the keeping of the wire at a predetermined temperature is carried out by spraying cooling liquid.
  • This system allows the best control of the temperature during the keeping of the temperature during the phase change from austenite to pearlite, making it possible to keep track of the generated heat while the transformation is taking place.
  • the steel wire reaches a maximum temperature of 950°C. Indeed, it has been found that the presence of the subsequent slow cooling makes it possible to carry out the austenitization at a temperature that is slightly lower than what is commonly used; it is thought -without by this wishing to give an interpretation of the physical phenomena which can occur during the process according to the invention- that the austenitization can be completed during the slow cooling.
  • the steel wire reaches a maximum temperature of 930°C, even more preferably of 920°C. It has been found that with these temperatures the steel wire is substantially completely austenitic when the transformation of phase into pearlite starts. With this condition ensured, the advantage in terms of manufacturing costs which are obtained by reducing the temperature during austenitization, are evident.
  • the steel wire reaches a minimum temperature of about 740-760°C.
  • the steel wire reaches a minimum temperature of about 750°C.
  • the steel wire reaches a minimum temperature of 580-600 °C.
  • the coating of the steel wire comprises:
  • the drawing is a drawing in wet conditions.
  • the first subsection of the patenting section comprises a chamber in controlled atmosphere, passed through by the steel wire.
  • the second subsection of the patenting section comprises a molten lead bath, passed through by the steel wire.
  • the second subsection of the patenting section comprises a chamber with at least one sprayer, for spraying the steel wire with a cooling liquid spray.
  • the second subsection of the patenting section comprises a molten lead bath, passed through by the steel wire, followed by a chamber with at least one sprayer, for spraying the steel wire with a cooling liquid spray.
  • a plant 100 for manufacturing high resistance steel wire F comprises an inlet section 110 of the steel wire, an austenitizing section 120, a patenting section 130, a brassing section 140 and a drawing section 150.
  • the patenting section 130 comprises a first subsection 131 and a second subsection 135, separate and different from the first subsection 131.
  • the steel wire F is slow cooled to a first predetermined temperature ranged between 720 and 800 °C in a time period of 4-10 s.
  • the steel wire is quick cooled to a second predetermined temperature ranged between 550 and 600 °C in a time period of 0.5-2 s and then is kept substantially at said second predetermined temperature ranged between 550 and 600 °C for a time period of at least 3 s.
  • the expression “kept substantially at said second predetermined temperature” it is meant kept in a temperature range within about 30 °C or preferably 20°C, of the predetermined temperature. Such a temperature variation is connected to the exothermicity of the reaction of austenite-pearlite phase transformation which leads to the recalescence phenomenon, the increase tendency of the temperature of the wire during the phase transformation.
  • the first subsection 131 of the patenting section 130 comprises a controlled atmosphere chamber 132, passed through by the steel wire F.
  • the second subsection 135 of the patenting section 130 comprises a molten lead bath 136, passed through by the steel wire F.
  • the second subsection 235 of the patenting section 230 comprises a chamber 237 with at least a sprayer 238, for spraying the steel wire F with a cooling liquid spray.
  • the second subsection 335 of the patenting section 330 comprises a molten lead bath 336, passed through by the steel wire F, followed by a chamber 337 with at least one sprayer 338, for spraying the steel wire F with a cooling liquid spray.
  • the steel used is a steel containing 0.2%-1.0% of C (Carbon), preferably 0.6%-0.95% of C.
  • a process according to the invention provides: providing a steel wire F, having a diameter of 0.5-3.5 mm; its austenitization, at a temperature of 900-1000 °C; its patenting; its brassing; its drawing, to a diameter of 0.1-2 mm, preferably 0.1-0.6 mm.
  • patenting comprises slow cooling of the steel wire F at a temperature of 700-800 °C in a time period of 4-10 s; its quick cooling at a temperature of 550-600 °C in a time period of 0.5-2 s; keeping it at a temperature of 550-600 °C for a time period of at least 3 s.
  • the arrangement of the steel wire F occurs in the inlet section 110, its austenitization in the austenitizing section 120, its patenting in the patenting section 130, the slow cooling in the subsection 131, the quick cooling and keeping in the subsection 135.
  • the slow cooling is carried out in air, in the chamber 132.
  • the quick cooling is carried out in the molten lead bath 136.
  • the quick cooling is carried out by spraying cooling liquid, in the chamber 237 by the sprayers 238.
  • the keeping of the temperature is carried out in the molten lead bath 136, 336.
  • keeping of the temperature is carried out by spraying cooling liquid, into the chamber 237, 337 by the sprayers 238, 338.
  • the cooling liquid is water.
  • the steel wire F reaches a maximum temperature of 950°C, more preferably of 930 °C and even more preferably of 920°C.
  • the steel wire F reaches a first predetermined minimum temperature of 740-760°C, more preferably of about 750°C.
  • the steel wire F reaches a second predetermined minimum temperature of 550-650°C, more preferably of 580-600°C.
  • brassing comprises the application of a copper coating, the application of a zinc coating, and thermally diffusing the copper and the zinc applied.
  • drawing is a drawing in wet conditions.
  • Tests 1*, 2*, 3* carried out on wires made with the processes according to the prior art compared with tests 4 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ carried out on wires made with the process according to the invention make it possible to highlight an increase in the mechanical qualities both before patenting and at the end in wires patented following the process according to the present invention. It should also be noted how the microstructures in the wires made with the process according to the present invention are decidedly better, in terms of fine pearlite and in terms of lamellar spacing.
  • the Applicant has also been able to obtain a substantial improvement in the cording process thanks to the wires manufactured with the process according to the invention.
  • the process for manufacturing a steel wire according to the invention makes it possible

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stahldrahtes (F), umfassend:
    - Bereitstellen eines Stahldrahtes (F) mit einem ersten vorbestimmten Durchmesser im Bereich von ungefähr 0,5 mm bis ungefähr 3,5 mm;
    - Austenetisieren des Stahldrahtes (F) bei einer Temperatur im Bereich von ungefähr 900 °C bis ungefähr 1000 °C;
    - Patentieren des Stahldrahtes (F);
    - Ziehen des Stahldrahtes (F) auf einen vorbestimmten zweiten Durchmesser im Bereich von ungefähr 0,1 mm bis ungefähr 2 mm;
    wobei das Patentieren des Stahldrahtes (F) umfasst:
    - langsames Kühlen des Stahldrahtes (F) an der Luft oder in einer kontrollierten Atmosphäre auf eine erste vorbestimmte Temperatur im Bereich von ungefähr 720 °C bis ungefähr 800 °C innerhalb eines Zeitraums im Bereich von ungefähr 4 s bis ungefähr 10 s;
    - schnelles Kühlen des Stahldrahtes (F) in einem Bad von geschmolzenem Blei oder durch Aufsprühen von Kühlflüssigkeit auf eine zweite vorbestimmte Temperatur im Bereich von ungefähr 550 °C bis ungefähr 600 °C innerhalb eines Zeitraums im Bereich von ungefähr 0,5 bis ungefähr 2 s;
    - Halten des Stahldrahtes (F) im Wesentlichen bei der zweiten vorbestimmten Temperatur für einen Zeitraum von wenigstens 3 s.
  2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei das Halten des Stahldrahtes (F) im Wesentlichen bei der zweiten vorbestimmten Temperatur in einem Bad von geschmolzenem Blei oder durch Aufsprühen einer Kühlflüssigkeit erfolgt.
  3. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei während des Austenetisierens des Stahldrahtes (F) der Stahldraht (F) eine maximale Temperatur von 950 °C erreicht.
  4. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei während des Austenetisierens des Stahldrahtes (F) der Stahldraht (F) eine maximale Temperatur von 930 °C erreicht.
  5. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei während des langsamen Kühlens des Stahldrahtes (F) der Stahldraht (F) eine erste vorbestimmte minimale Temperatur von 740-760 °C erreicht.
  6. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei während des schnellen Kühlens des Stahldrahtes (F) der Stahldraht (F) eine zweite vorbestimmte minimale Temperatur von 550-650 °C erreicht.
  7. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei das Verfahren umfasst, vor dem Ziehen des patentierten Stahldrahtes (F), den Stahldraht (F) mit einer Schicht aus wenigstens einem Metall oder einer Metalllegierung zu überziehen.
  8. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 7, wobei das Beschichten des Stahldrahtes (F) erfolgt, um den Stahldraht (F) zu vermessingen.
  9. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 8, wobei das Vermessingen des Stahldrahtes (F) umfasst:
    - Aufbringen einer Kupferbeschichtung,
    - Aufbringen einer Zinkbeschichtung,
    - thermisches Diffundieren der aufgebrachten Kupfer- und Zinkschichten.
  10. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei das Ziehen unter nassen Bedingungen erfolgt.
  11. Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung eines Stahlseils, umfassend:
    - Herstellen mehrerer Stahldrähte (F) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10;
    - Verdrillen der mehreren Stahldrähte (F).
  12. Anlage zur Herstellung eines Stahldrahtes (F), umfassend:
    - einen Abschnitt zur Zuführung (110) des Stahldrahtes (F);
    - einen Abschnitt zur Austenetisierung des Stahldrahtes (F);
    - einen Abschnitt zur Patentierung des Stahldrahtes (F) ;
    - einen Abschnitt zum Ziehen des Stahldrahtes (F); wobei der Abschnitt zur Patentierung umfasst:
    - einen ersten Unterabschnitt (131), der geeignet ist zum langsamen Kühlen des Stahldrahtes (F) an der Luft oder in einer kontrollierten Atmosphäre auf eine erste vorbestimmte Temperatur im Bereich von ungefähr 720 bis ungefähr 800 °C innerhalb eines Zeitraums von 4-10 s;
    - einen zweiten Unterabschnitt (135; 235; 335), der von dem ersten Unterabschnitt (131) getrennt und verschieden ist und geeignet ist zum schnellen Kühlen des Stahldrahtes (F) in einem Bad von geschmolzenem Blei oder durch Aufsprühen von Kühlflüssigkeit auf eine zweite vorbestimmte Temperatur im Bereich von ungefähr 550 °C bis ungefähr 600 °C innerhalb eines Zeitraums von 0,5-2 s und anschließenden Halten des Stahldrahtes (F) im Wesentlichen bei der zweiten vorbestimmten Temperatur im Bereich von ungefähr 550 °C bis ungefähr 600 °C für einen Zeitraum von wenigstens 3 s.
  13. Anlage gemäß Anspruch 12, wobei der zweite Unterabschnitt (335) des Abschnitts zur Patentierung (130) ein Bad von geschmolzenem Blei (336) umfasst, durch das der Stahldraht (F) geführt wird, gefolgt von einer Kammer (337) mit wenigstens einer Sprühvorrichtung (338) zum Besprühen des Stahldrahtes (F) mit einem Kühlflüssigkeit-Sprühstrahl.
  14. Anlage gemäß Anspruch 12, wobei auch ein Abschnitt zur Metallbeschichtung (140) des Stahldrahtes (F) bereitgestellt wird.
  15. Anlage gemäß Anspruch 12 oder 13, wobei die Kühlflüssigkeit Wasser ist.
EP11815567.0A 2010-12-23 2011-12-21 Verfahren und anlage zur kontinuierlichen herstellung eines stahldrahtes Active EP2655677B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI20102385 2010-12-23
US201161441858P 2011-02-11 2011-02-11
PCT/IB2011/003144 WO2012085651A1 (en) 2010-12-23 2011-12-21 Process and plant for continuously manufacturing a steel wire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2655677A1 EP2655677A1 (de) 2013-10-30
EP2655677B1 true EP2655677B1 (de) 2018-06-06

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EP (1) EP2655677B1 (de)
CN (1) CN103314121B (de)
BR (1) BR112013015116B1 (de)
RU (1) RU2604542C2 (de)
TR (1) TR201810002T4 (de)
WO (1) WO2012085651A1 (de)

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CN107653364B (zh) 2013-02-01 2019-07-05 贝卡尔特公司 粗钢丝的强制水冷
CN103114197A (zh) * 2013-03-11 2013-05-22 袁建红 一种气排钉用铁丝退火方法
WO2018107473A1 (zh) * 2016-12-16 2018-06-21 蔡赛 钢丝的退火和热处理方法
WO2018163541A1 (ja) * 2017-03-10 2018-09-13 住友電気工業株式会社 斜め巻きばね用線材および斜め巻きばね
CN106811746A (zh) * 2017-03-13 2017-06-09 江苏伟建工具科技有限公司 一种高速钢皮膜槽
US11674193B2 (en) 2017-05-25 2023-06-13 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Canted coil spring and connector

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WO2012085651A1 (en) 2012-06-28
BR112013015116A2 (pt) 2016-11-22
EP2655677A1 (de) 2013-10-30
CN103314121A (zh) 2013-09-18
TR201810002T4 (tr) 2018-08-27
RU2013132962A (ru) 2015-01-27
RU2604542C2 (ru) 2016-12-10
CN103314121B (zh) 2015-04-08
WO2012085651A8 (en) 2013-07-18
BR112013015116B1 (pt) 2019-03-19

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