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EP2655475A1 - Procédé de production de polyéther-ester polyols - Google Patents

Procédé de production de polyéther-ester polyols

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Publication number
EP2655475A1
EP2655475A1 EP11801728.4A EP11801728A EP2655475A1 EP 2655475 A1 EP2655475 A1 EP 2655475A1 EP 11801728 A EP11801728 A EP 11801728A EP 2655475 A1 EP2655475 A1 EP 2655475A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
alkylene oxides
catalyst
reaction
acid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11801728.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Lorenz
Jörg Hofmann
Bert Klesczewski
Norbert Hahn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH
Original Assignee
Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH filed Critical Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH
Priority to EP11801728.4A priority Critical patent/EP2655475A1/fr
Publication of EP2655475A1 publication Critical patent/EP2655475A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
    • C08G65/2603—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen
    • C08G65/2615—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen the other compounds containing carboxylic acid, ester or anhydride groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/36—Hydroxylated esters of higher fatty acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48—Polyethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/66—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers only
    • C08G65/06—Cyclic ethers having no atoms other than carbon and hydrogen outside the ring
    • C08G65/08—Saturated oxiranes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08G65/321—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with inorganic compounds
    • C08G65/326—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with inorganic compounds containing sulfur
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom

Definitions

  • Objects of the present invention are a process for the preparation of polyetheresterpolyols based on renewable raw materials, the polyetheresterpolyols obtainable by the process according to the invention, and their use for the preparation of polyurethanes.
  • Polyetheresterpolyole based on renewable raw materials such as fatty acid triglycerides, sugars, sorbitol, glycerol and Dimerfettalkohole are already used in many ways as a raw material in the production of polyurethanes. In the future, the use of such components will continue to increase, as renewable products are favorably valued in life cycle assessments, and the availability of petrochemical-based raw materials will decline in the long run.
  • Fatty acid triglycerides are obtained in large quantities from renewable sources and therefore form an inexpensive basis for polyurethane raw materials. Especially in hard foam formulations, this class of compounds is characterized by a high solubility for physical propellants based on hydrocarbons.
  • a disadvantage is that only a few fatty acid triglycerides have the necessary for the reaction with isocyanates reactive hydrogen atoms. Exceptions are castor oil and the rare lesbianella oil. However, the availability of castor oil is limited due to limited geographical areas of cultivation.
  • DE-C 3323 8 80 and WO-A 2004/20497 deal with the use of double metal cyanide catalysts in the production of alkylene oxide adducts based on starter components from renewable sources with the aim of making them accessible to polyurethane chemistry.
  • Castor oil is frequently used as the preferred starter component; oils which have been modified with hydroxyl groups can also be used subsequently. According to the disclosed processes, relatively high molecular weight polyetherester polyols are accessible. However, unless castor oil is used, the triglycerides used must be modified with hydroxy groups in a separate reaction step.
  • compatibilizers for hydrocarbon-based propellants can be obtained by alkylene oxide addition to hydroxylated triglycerides.
  • DE-A 10138132 describes the use of OH adducts of castor oil or hydroxylated fatty acid compounds and alkylene oxides as hydrophobizing components in very soft polyurethane systems.
  • WO-A 2004/096744 discloses a process for the hydroxylation and hydroxymethylation of unsaturated fatty acid esters, whose further reaction is branched by transesterification
  • Condensates are taught in WO-A 2004/096882.
  • WO-A 2004/096883 discloses the use of these OH-group-containing condensates in flexible foam formulations.
  • US-B 6359022 discloses transesterification products of hydrophobic components, e.g. Triglycerides, phthalic acid derivatives and polyols as OH component in rigid foam formulations which use alkanes as blowing agents.
  • the polyether polyols optionally additionally used in the polyol component must be prepared in a separate reaction step.
  • EP-A 905158 discloses blowing agent emulsifying aids for rigid foam formulations based on esterification or transesterification products of fatty acid derivatives and alcohols.
  • EP-A 610714 teaches the preparation of hydrophobic hard polyurethane foams by using esterification products OH-functional
  • WO-A 2006/040333 and WO-A 2006/040335 disclose hydrophobically modified polysaccharides obtained by esterification with fatty acids and their use as compression-hardening components in flexible foam formulations.
  • DE-A 19604177 describes the transesterification of castor oil or hydroxylated triglycerides with alkylene oxide addition products of multifunctional starter alcohols and their use as storage-stable components in the production of bubble-free curing solid systems.
  • DE-A 19936481 discloses the use of long-chain castor oil polyetherols as components for the production of sound-damping flexible foams. The conditions of production of the castor oil polyetherols are not disclosed.
  • polyols suitable for polyurethane applications can be obtained by simultaneously reacting starters with active hydrogen atoms and triglycerides under basic conditions with alkylene oxides.
  • a key advantage of this process is that all types of oils of plant and animal origin are suitable for the process. It is particularly suitable for direct
  • polyetherester polyols claimed in EP-A 1923417, EP-A 2028211 and WO-A 2009/106244 are therefore preferably suitable for the production of rigid polyurethane foams and less for the production of flexible polyurethane foams.
  • the object was therefore to provide a simple process for the preparation of polyetheresterpolyols based on renewable raw materials.
  • the polyetheresterpolyols prepared according to the invention are to be usable as isocyanate-reactive components for the production of polyurethanes, in particular flexible foams, and to avoid the disadvantages of the polyetheresterpolyols prepared according to the prior art on the basis of renewable raw materials.
  • the process should not require steps such as filtration, treatment with adsorbents or ion exchangers.
  • This object has surprisingly been achieved by a process for preparing polyetheresterpolyols (1) having an OH number of from 3 mg to less than the value of the OH number of component A), preferably from 3 to 120 mg KOH / g, more preferably from 14 to 75 mg KOH / g based on renewable raw materials, characterized in that
  • a component A) having an OH number of at least 70 mg KOH / g, preferably from 130 to 500 mg KOH / g, particularly preferably from 180 to 300 mg KOH / g is prepared by the steps
  • step (i-1) reaction of an H-functional initiator compound AI) with one or more fatty acid esters A2) and one or more alkylene oxides A3) in the presence of a basic catalyst, wherein the basic catalyst in concentrations of 40 to 5000 ppm based on the total mass of the component A) is included, and subsequent (i-2) neutralization of the product of step (i-1) with sulfuric acid, characterized in that 0.75 to 1 mol of sulfuric acid per mole of catalyst used in step (i-1) are used, and that the resulting salt in Component A) remains, and
  • component A) is reacted with one or more alkylene oxides B l) in presence a s double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst B2).
  • DMC s double metal cyanide
  • polyetheresterpolyols prepared by the process according to the invention and their use for the preparation of polyurethanes, in particular their use for the production of flexible polyurethane foams, as well as polyurethanes comprising the polyetheresterpolyols according to the invention.
  • the H-functional starter compounds AI) are introduced in an embodiment of the process according to the invention in step (i-1) in the reactor, admixed with the basic catalyst and with one or more fatty acid esters A2) and one or more alkylene oxides A3).
  • the fatty acid esters A2) are preferably used in amounts of from 10 to 75% by weight, based on the amount of component A) obtained in step (i). If water or water is introduced during the addition of the basic catalyst as solvent with the addition of the basic catalyst, it is recommended that the water before the addition of one or more fatty acid esters A2) at temperatures of 20 to 200 ° C, preferably at temperatures of 80 to 180 ° C in vacuo at an absolute pressure of 1 to 500 mbar and / or by stripping with inert gas to remove. When stripping with inert gas, volatiles are removed by introducing inert gases into the liquid phase while applying a vacuum, at an absolute pressure of 5 to 500 mbar.
  • fatty acid esters A2) are understood as meaning fatty acid glycerides, in particular fatty acid triglycerides, and / or esters of fatty acids with an alcohol component which comprises mono- and / or polyhydric alcohols having a molecular weight of> 32 g / mol to ⁇ 400 g / mol.
  • the fatty acid esters can also carry hydroxyl-containing fatty acid residues, such as castor oil.
  • fatty acid esters whose fatty acid residues have been subsequently modified with hydroxyl groups, for example by epoxidation / ring opening or air oxidation.
  • All fatty acid triglycerides are suitable as substrates in the process according to the invention. Examples include cottonseed oil, peanut oil, coconut oil, linseed oil, palm kernel oil, olive oil, corn oil, palm oil, castor oil, lesquerella oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, herring oil, sardine oil and tallow.
  • fatty acid esters of other monofunctional or polyfunctional alcohols and fatty acid glycerides having less than 3 fatty acid residues per glycerol molecule can also be used in a mixture.
  • Mono- or polyfunctional alcohols suitable as constituents of fatty acid esters may be, but are not limited to, alkanols, cycloalkanols and / or polyether alcohols. Examples are n-hexanol, n-dodecanol, n-octadecanol, cyclohexanol, 1,4-dihydroxycyclohexane, 1,3-propanediol, 2-methylpropanediol-l, 3, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1, 8-octanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, glycerol and / or trimethylolpropane.
  • the alcohols mentioned have boiling points at which a discharge can be avoided together with water of reaction and tend at the usual reaction temperatures also not to undesirable side reactions.
  • the process according to the invention is particularly suitable for fatty acid esters without OH groups in the fatty acid residues, for example fatty acid esters based on lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, palmitoleic, oleic, eruca-, linoleic, linolenic, Particularly preferred fatty acid esters A2) are triglycerides which are based on myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, erucic acid, or the like. Linoleic, linolenic, elaidic and arachidonic acid based; most preferably used as the fatty acid ester A2) is soybean oil
  • Alkaline metal hydroxides, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydrides, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal carboxylates or alkaline earth metal hydroxides can be used as basic catalysts.
  • Alkali metals are selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and the alkaline earth metals are selected from the group consisting of Be, Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba.
  • the alkali metal compounds are preferred, particularly preferred are the alkali metal hydroxides, most preferably potassium hydroxide.
  • Such an alkali metal-containing catalyst may be supplied to the H-functional starter compound as an aqueous solution or as a solid.
  • organic basic catalysts such as, for example, amines.
  • organic basic catalysts such as, for example, amines.
  • amines include aliphatic amines or alkanolamines such as ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzylamine, dimethylaminoethanol, dimethylaminopropanol, N-methyldiethanolamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, N, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N-methylpyrrolidine, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ '-tetramethylethylenediamine, diazabi - cyclo [2,2,2] octane, 1,4-dimethylpiperazine or N-methylmorpholine.
  • alkanolamines such as ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzylamine, dimethylaminoethanol, dimethylaminopropanol, N-methyldiethanolamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, N, N-dimethylcycl
  • aromatic amines such as imidazole and alkyl-substituted imidazole derivatives, N, N-dimethylaniline, 4- (N, N-dimethyl) aminopyridine and also crosslinked copolymers of 4-vinylpyridine or vinylimidazole and divinylbenzene.
  • aromatic amines such as imidazole and alkyl-substituted imidazole derivatives, N, N-dimethylaniline, 4- (N, N-dimethyl) aminopyridine and also crosslinked copolymers of 4-vinylpyridine or vinylimidazole and divinylbenzene.
  • the catalyst concentration based on the amount of component A) obtained in step i) is from 40 ppm to 5000 ppm, preferably from 40 ppm to 1000 ppm, especially
  • the water of solution and / or the water released in the reaction of the H-functional starter compounds with the catalyst may be vacuumed at one absolute pressure prior to the metering of one or more alkylene oxides or before the addition of one or more fatty acid esters from 1 to 500 mbar at temperatures of 20 to 200 ° C., preferably at 80 to 180 ° C.
  • alkoxylates As basic catalysts, it is also possible to use preformed alkylene oxide addition products of H-functional starter compounds having alkoxylate contents of 0.05 to 50 equivalent%. are used, so-called "polymeric alkoxylates".
  • the alkoxylate content of the catalyst means the proportion of active hydrogen atoms removed by deprotonation by a base, usually an alkali metal hydroxide, on all active hydrogen atoms originally present in the alkylene oxide addition product of the catalyst.
  • the amount of the polymeric alkoxylate depends of course on the for the component A) obtained in step (i), as described in the preceding section.
  • the polymeric alkoxylate used as catalyst can in a separate reaction step by alkali-catalyzed addition of alkylene oxides to suitable H-functional
  • Starter connections are made.
  • an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide e.g. B. KOH
  • the reaction mixture at an absolute pressure of 1 to 500 mbar at temperatures of 200 to 200 ° C.
  • the Alkylenoxidadditionsretress under inert gas atmosphere at 100 to 150 ° C until reaching an OH number of 150 to 1200 mg KOH / g and then by addition of further alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide and subsequent dewatering to the above alkoxylate levels of 0.05 to 50 equivalents set.
  • Such prepared polymeric alkoxylates can be stored separately under an inert gas atmosphere. They have long been used in the production of long-chain polyether polyols.
  • the amount of the polymeric alkoxylate used in the process according to the invention is usually such that it corresponds to an amount of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide of from 40 ppm to 0.5% by weight, based on the weight of component A) obtained in step (i).
  • the polymeric alkoxylates can also be used in the process as
  • the preparation of the polymeric alkoxylate can also be carried out in situ directly before the actual carrying out of the process according to the invention in the same reactor.
  • the amount of H-functional starter compound at the beginning of the reaction should be such that it can also be stirred and the heat of reaction can be removed. This can optionally be achieved by the addition of inert solvents such as toluene and / or THF in the reactor, if the amount of
  • H-functional starter compound is too low for this purpose.
  • H-functional starter compounds AI are compounds which contain at least one hydrogen atom bonded to N, O or S. These hydrogens are also referred to as Zerewitinoff-active hydrogen (sometimes referred to as "active hydrogen") when it reacts with methylmagnesium chloride or methane by a method found by Zerewitinoff.
  • Typical examples of compounds with Zerewitinoff-active hydrogens are compounds containing carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino, imino or thiol groups as functional groups.
  • Suitable H-functional starter compounds AI usually have functionalities of from 1 to 35, preferably from 1 to 8. Their molecular weights are from 17 g / mol to 1200 g / mol. In addition to the hydroxy-functional starters which can preferably be used, it is also possible to use amino-functional starters.
  • hydroxy-functional starter compounds are methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol and higher aliphatic monols, in particular fatty alcohols, phenol, alkyl-substituted phenols, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol , 1,4-butanediol, hexanediol, pentanediol, 3-methyl-l, 5-pentanediol, 1, 12-dodecanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sucrose, hydroquinone, catechol, resorcinol, bisphenol F, bisphenol A , 1, 3,5-trihydroxybenzene, as well as methylol group-containing condensates of formaldehyde and phenol or urea
  • Highly functional starter compounds based on hydrogenated starch hydrolysis products can also be used. Such are described for example in EP-A 1525244.
  • suitable amino-containing H-functional starter compounds are ammonia, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, isopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, cyclohexylamine, diaminocyclohexane, isophoronediamine, the isomers of 1,8-p-diaminomethane, aniline, the isomers of toluidine , the isomers of diaminotoluene, the isomers of diaminodiphenylmethane, as well as in the condensation of aniline with formaldehyde to Diaminodiphenylmethan resulting higher-nuclear products, also methylol group-containing condensates of formaldehyde and melamine and Mannich bases.
  • ring-opening products of cyclic carboxylic anhydrides and polyols can be used as starter compounds.
  • examples are ring opening products of phthalic anhydride, succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride on the one hand and ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, hexanediol, pentanediol, 3-methyl-l, 5-pentanediol, 1, 12th -Dodecandiol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol or sorbitol on the other hand.
  • mono- or polyfunctional carboxylic acids directly as starter compounds.
  • polyether polyols preferably having OH numbers of 160 to 1000 mg KOH / g, preferably 250 to 1000 mg KOH / g. It is also possible in the process according to the invention preferably polyester polyols having OH numbers in the range of
  • Polyester polyols suitable for this purpose can be prepared, for example, from organic dicarboxylic acids with 2 to 12 carbon atoms and polyhydric alcohols, preferably diols, having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, by known methods.
  • H-functional starter compounds AI polycarbonate polyols
  • Polyestercarbonatepolyole or Polyethercarbonatpolyole prefers Polycarbonatdiole, Polyestercarbonatdiole or Polyethercarbonatdiole preferably in each case with OH numbers in the range of 6 to 800 mg KOH / g as Co-starter to be used.
  • These are, for example, by reacting phosgene, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or diphenyl carbonate with di- or higher-functional alcohols or polyester polyols or
  • amino-functional H-functional starter compounds having hydroxyl groups as carriers of the active hydrogens such as, for example, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol and higher aliphatic monols, especially fatty alcohols, phenol, alkyl-substituted phenols, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol , Dipropylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 1, 3-butanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, hexanediol, pentanediol, 3-methyl-l, 5-pentanediol, 1, 12-dodecanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol , Sucrose, hydroquinone, catechol, resorcinol, bisphenol F, bisphenol A, 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzen
  • the H-functional starter compounds AI) which are initially introduced together with the catalyst and one or more fatty acid esters A2) are heated in an inert gas atmosphere at temperatures of 80 to 180 ° C., preferably 100 to 170 ° C., in step (i-1) with one or more alkylene oxides A3) are reacted, wherein the alkylene oxides are fed to the reactor in the usual way continuously such that the safety-related pressure limits of the reactor system used are not exceeded.
  • care must be taken that a sufficient inert gas partial pressure is maintained in the reactor during the start-up and metering phase. This can be adjusted for example by noble gases or nitrogen.
  • reaction temperature can of course be varied within the limits described during the alkylene oxide metering phase: it is of advantage to have sensitive H-functional starter compounds, such as Sucrose, first to alkoxylate at low reaction temperatures, and only with sufficient starter conversion to higher reaction temperatures.
  • Alkylene oxides can be fed to the reactor in different ways: It is possible to meter into the gas phase or directly into the liquid phase, for. B. via a dip tube or in the vicinity of the reactor floor in a well-mixed zone distribution ring. When metering into the liquid phase, the metering units should be designed to be self-emptying, for example by attaching the metering holes on the underside of the distributor ring.
  • a return flow of reaction medium into the metering units should be prevented by apparatus measures, for example by the installation of check valves. If an alkylene oxide mixture is metered in, the respective alkylene oxides can be fed to the reactor separately or as a mixture. A premixing of the alkylene oxides can be achieved, for example, by means of an in-line blending in the common metering section
  • such cooling generally takes place via the reactor wall (for example double jacket, half-pipe coil) as well as by means of further heat exchanger surfaces arranged internally in the reactor and / or externally in the pumping circulation circuit, e.g. B. on cooling coils, cooling plugs, plate tube bundle or mixer heat exchangers. These should be designed so that even at the beginning of the dosing, d. H. at low level, can be effectively cooled.
  • baffles eg flat or pipe baffles
  • cooling coils or cooling candles
  • the stirring power of the mixing unit can also be varied depending on the filling level during the metering phase in order to ensure a particularly high energy input in critical reaction phases. For example, it may be advantageous to intensively mix solid-containing dispersions which may be present at the beginning of the reaction, for example when using sucrose. In addition, it should be ensured in particular when using solid H-functional starter compounds by selecting the agitator that adequate dispersion of the solid is ensured in the reaction mixture.
  • stirrer geometry should help to reduce the foaming of reaction products.
  • the foaming of reaction mixtures can be observed, for example, after the end of the dosing and post-reaction phase, when residual alkylene oxides are additionally removed in vacuo at absolute pressures in the range from 1 to 500 mbar.
  • agitators have been found to be suitable, which achieve a continuous mixing of the liquid surface.
  • the stirrer shaft has a bottom bearing and optionally further support bearings in the container. The drive of the agitator shaft can be done from above or below (with centric or eccentric arrangement of the shaft).
  • reactor types suitable.
  • cylindrical containers are used which have a height / diameter ratio of 1: 1 to 10: 1.
  • reactor bottoms are, for example, ball, dished, flat, - or cone bottoms in question.
  • step (i-1) initially 5 to 95% by weight of the total amount of one or more alkylene oxides A3) to be added in step (i-1) is reacted with an H-functional starter compound AI), then admixed with one or more fatty acid esters A2) and then 95 to 5 wt .-% of the total in step (i-1) to be fed amount of alkylene oxide A3) or in step (i-1) are first 5 to 95 wt, -% of the total in step (i-1 ) to be fed amount of one or more alkylene oxides A3) with a H-functional starter compound AI) and then together with one or a plurality of fatty acid esters A2) and 95 to 5 wt .-% of the total in step (i-1) to be supplied amount of alkylene oxide A3) are added and reacted.
  • an H-functional starter compound AI then admixed with one or more fatty acid esters A2) and then 95 to 5 wt .-% of the total in step (i-
  • alkylene oxides A3) are to be understood as meaning alkylene oxides (epoxides) having 2-24 carbon atoms. These can also be used in step (ii) as alkylene oxides B l). It is, for example, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1-butene oxide, 2,3-butene oxide, 2-methyl-l, 2-propene oxide (isobutene oxide), 1-pentenoxide, 2,3- Pentenoxide, 2-methyl-l, 2-butene oxide, 3-methyl-l, 2-butene oxide, 1-hexene oxide, 2,3-hexene oxide, 3,4-hexene oxide, 2-methyl-l, 2-pentene oxide, 4- Methyl-1,2-pentene oxide, 2-ethyl-l, 2-butene oxide, 1-heptene oxide, 1-octene oxide, 1-nonene oxide, 1-decene oxide, 1-undecene oxide, 1-dodecene
  • the alkylene oxides A3) used are preferably ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, preferably at least 10% of ethylene oxide and very particularly preferably pure ethylene oxide.
  • the products produced contain polyether chains with block structures.
  • This can be achieved, for example, by using at least 50% more sulfuric acid than to neutralize the basic catalyst necessary would be used.
  • the 2nd dissociation stage of the sulfuric acid has a sufficient pKa, in the process according to the invention 0.75 to 1 mol of sulfuric acid are used per mole of catalyst to be neutralized, preferably 0.75 to 0.9 mol of sulfuric acid per mole of catalyst to be neutralized.
  • Step (i-3) After neutralization, if necessary, traces of water introduced, for example, by the addition of dilute acids, may be removed under vacuum at an absolute pressure of 1 to 500 mbar (step (i-3)).
  • the component A) thus obtained may, if necessary during or after the neutralization, be added with anti-aging agents or antioxidants.
  • the salts formed in the neutralization remain in component A), that is, further workup steps, such as filtration, are not necessary.
  • Component A) has an OH number of at least 70 mg KOH / g, preferably from 130 to 500 mg KOH / g and more preferably from 180 to 300 mg KOH / g.
  • the component A) obtained from step (i) is added in step (ii) in one embodiment of the process according to the invention, the DMC catalyst B2) and reacted with one or more alkylene oxides Bl), to polyetheresterpolyols (1) having an OH number of 3 mg to less than the value of the OH number of component A), preferably from 3 to 120 mg KOH / g, more preferably from 14 to 75 mg KOH / g.
  • the DMC catalyst B2 reacted with one or more alkylene oxides Bl
  • component A) may additionally be supplemented with small amounts (1 to 500 ppm) of other organic or inorganic acids, as described in WO 99/14258.
  • the reaction of component A) in step (ii) with one or more alkylene oxides B1) under DMC catalysis can in principle be carried out in the same reactor as the preparation of component A) in step (i).
  • the DMC catalyst concentration calculated on the final product amount (1) is in the range of 10 to 1000 ppm.
  • DMC catalysts B2) are known in principle from the prior art (see for example US-A 3404109, US-A 3829505, US-A 3941849 and US-A 5158922).
  • DMC catalysts eg. in US-A 5470813, EP-A 700949, EP-A 743093, EP-A 761708, WO 97/40086, WO 98/16310 and WO 00/47649 have a very high activity in the Polymerization of epoxides and allow the preparation of polyether polyols at very low catalyst concentrations (25 ppm or less), so that a separation of the catalyst from the finished product is generally no longer required.
  • a typical example is the highly active DMC catalysts described in EP-A 700949 which, in addition to a double metal cyanide compound (eg zinc hexacyanocobaltate (III)) and an organic complex ligand (eg tert-butanol), also have a polyether with a number-average molecular weight greater than 500 g / mol.
  • a double metal cyanide compound eg zinc hexacyanocobaltate (III)
  • an organic complex ligand eg tert-butanol
  • Cyanide-free metal salts suitable for preparing the double metal cyanide compounds preferably have the general formula (I)
  • M is selected from the metal cations Zn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Ni 2+ , Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , Sr 2+ , Sn 2+ , Pb 2+ and, Cu 2+ , preferably M Zn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ or Ni 2+ ,
  • M is selected from the metal cations Fe + , Al + and Cr + ,
  • M is selected from the metal cations Mo 6+ and W 6+
  • cyanide-free metal salts examples include zinc chloride, zinc bromide, zinc iodide, zinc acetate, zinc acetylacetonate, zinc benzoate, zinc nitrate, ferrous sulfate, ferrous bromide, ferrous chloride, cobalt (II) chloride, cobalt (II) thiocyanate, nickel (II) chloride and nickel (II) nitrate. It is also possible to use mixtures of different metal salts.
  • Metal cyanide salts suitable for preparing the double metal cyanide compounds preferably have the general formula (V)
  • M ' is selected from one or more metal cations of the group consisting of Fe (II), Fe (III), Co (II), Co (III), Cr (II), Cr (III), Mn (II), Mn ( III), Ir (III), Ni (II), Rh (III), Ru (II), V (IV) and V (V), preferably M 'is one or more metal cations of the group consisting of Co (II), Co (III), Fe (II), Fe (III), Cr (III), Ir (III) and Ni (II)
  • Y is selected from one or more metal cations of the group consisting of alkali metals (ie Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , Cs + ) and alkaline earth metals (ie Be 2+ , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ ),
  • A is selected from one or more anions of the group consisting of halides (i.e., fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide), hydroxide, sulfate, carbonate, cyanate, thiocyanate, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, carboxylate, oxalate or nitrate, and a, b and c are integer numbers, with the values for a, b and c chosen to give the electroneutrality of the metal cyanide salt; a is preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4; b is preferably 4, 5 or 6; c preferably has the value 0.
  • halides i.e., fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide
  • hydroxide sulfate
  • carbonate cyanate
  • thiocyanate isocyanate
  • isothiocyanate carboxylate
  • oxalate or nitrate and a, b and c are integer numbers, with the
  • Suitable metal cyanide salts are potassium hexacyanocobaltate (III), potassium hexacyanoferrate (II), potassium hexacyanoferrate (III), calcium hexacyanocobaltate (III) and lithium hexacyanocobaltate (III).
  • Preferred double metal cyanide compounds which are contained in the DMC catalysts according to the invention are compounds of the general formula (VI)
  • x, x ', y and z are integers and chosen so that the electron neutrality of the double metal cyanide compound is given.
  • M Zn (II), Fe (II), Co (II) or Ni (II) and
  • M ' Co (III), Fe (III), Cr (III) or Ir (III).
  • Suitable double metal cyanide compounds are zinc hexacyanocobaltate (III), zinc hexacyanoiridate (III), zinc hexacyanoferrate (III) and cobalt (II) hexacyanocobaltate (III).
  • Suitable double metal cyanide compounds can be found, for example, in US Pat. No. 5,158,822 (column 8, lines 29-66).
  • Zinc hexacyanocobaltate (III) is particularly preferably used.
  • the organic complexing ligands added in the preparation of the DMC catalysts are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 5,159,922 (see in particular column 6, lines 9 to 65), US Pat. No. 3,404,109, US Pat. No. 3,829,505, US Pat. No. 3,941,849, EP-A 700949, US Pat. EP-A 761708, JP-A 4145123, US-A 5470813, EP-A 743093 and WO-A 97/40086).
  • organic complex ligands water-soluble, organic compounds having heteroatoms, such as oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus or sulfur, which can form complexes with the double metal cyanide compound, are used as organic complex ligands.
  • Preferred organic complex ligands are alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, esters, amides, ureas, nitriles, sulfides and mixtures thereof.
  • Particularly preferred organic complex ligands are aliphatic ethers (such as dimethoxyethane), water-soluble aliphatic alcohols (such as ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol and 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol), compounds which contain both aliphatic or cycloaliphatic ether groups and also aliphatic hydroxyl groups (for example ethylene glycol mono-tert-butyl ether, Diethylene glycol mono-tert-butyl ether, tripropylene glycol mono-methyl ether and 3-methyl-3-oxetane-methanol).
  • aliphatic ethers such as dimethoxyethane
  • water-soluble aliphatic alcohols such as ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol,
  • Highly preferred organic complexing ligands are selected from one or more compounds of the group consisting of dimethoxyethane, tert-butanol, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, ethylene glycol mono-tert .-Butyl ether and 3-methyl-3-oxetan-methanol.
  • Glycidyl ethers glycosides, carboxylic acid esters of polyhydric alcohols, bile acids or their salts, esters or amides, cyclodextrins, phosphorus compounds, ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid ester or ionic surface or surface-active compounds used.
  • the aqueous solutions of the metal salt eg zinc chloride
  • the metal salt eg zinc chloride
  • the metal cyanide salt eg, potassium hexacyanocobaltate
  • the organic complexing ligand eg, tertiary butanol
  • the organic complex ligand can be present in the aqueous solution of the cyanide-free metal salt and / or the metal cyanide salt, or it is added directly to the suspension obtained after precipitation of the double metal cyanide compound. It has proven to be advantageous to mix the aqueous solutions of the cyanide-free metal salt and the metal cyanide salt and the organic complex ligands with vigorous stirring.
  • the suspension formed in the first step is subsequently treated with a further complex-forming component.
  • the complex-forming component is preferably used in a mixture with water and organic complex ligands.
  • a preferred method for carrying out the first step is carried out using a mixing nozzle, more preferably using a jet disperser as described in WO-A 01/39883.
  • the isolation of the solid (i.e., the precursor of the catalyst of the present invention) from the suspension is accomplished by known techniques such as centrifugation or filtration.
  • the isolated solid is then washed in a third process step with an aqueous solution of the organic complexing ligand (e.g., by resuspension and subsequent reisolation by filtration or centrifugation).
  • an aqueous solution of the organic complexing ligand e.g., by resuspension and subsequent reisolation by filtration or centrifugation.
  • water-soluble by-products such as potassium chloride
  • the amount of the organic complex ligand in the aqueous washing solution is between 40 and 80 wt .-%, based on the total solution.
  • the aqueous washing solution is added to a further complex-forming component, preferably in the range between 0.5 and 5 wt .-%, based on the total solution.
  • a further complex-forming component preferably in the range between 0.5 and 5 wt .-%, based on the total solution.
  • non-aqueous solutions for further washing operations e.g. a mixture of organic complexing ligand and other complexing component.
  • the isolated and optionally washed solid is then, optionally after pulverization, at temperatures of generally 20 - 100 ° C and at pressures of generally 0, 1 mbar to atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) dried.
  • the DM C-catalyzed reaction step (ii) can be carried out in accordance with the procedural principles of the process as is the case with the basic catalysis of component A) in step (i).
  • the same alkylene oxides or alkylene oxide mixtures can be used, ie the compounds listed as alkylene oxides A3) can also be used in step (ii) as alkylene oxides B l) become.
  • component A) is added with DMC catalyst.
  • the reactor contents in a preferred process variant with inert gas over a period of preferably 10 to 60 min. stripped with stirring.
  • inert gas volatiles are removed by introducing inert gases into the liquid phase while applying a vacuum, at an absolute pressure of 5 to 500 mbar.
  • the DMC catalyst is activated.
  • the addition of one or more alkylene oxides can take place before, during or after the reactor contents have been heated to temperatures of from 60 to 160.degree. C., preferably from 100 to 140.degree. C., very particularly preferably from 120 to 140.degree. It is preferably done after stripping.
  • the activation of the catalyst is manifested by an accelerated drop in the reactor pressure, indicating the onset of alkylene oxide conversion.
  • the desired amount of alkylene oxide or alkylene oxide mixture can then be fed continuously to the reaction mixture, a reaction temperature of from 20 to 200 ° C., but preferably from 50 to 160 ° C. being selected.
  • the reaction temperature is in most cases identical to the activation temperature.
  • the catalyst activation already takes place so fast that the metering of a separate amount of alkylene oxide for catalyst activation can be dispensed with and direct, optionally first with a reduced metering rate, started with the continuous metering of one or more alkylene oxides.
  • the reaction temperature during the alkylene oxide metering phase can be varied within the limits described.
  • one or more alkylene oxides can be fed to the reactor in a DMC-catalyzed reaction step in different ways: It is possible to meter into the gas phase or directly into the liquid phase, eg. B. via a dip tube or in the vicinity of the reactor floor in a well-mixed zone distribution ring. For DMC-catalyzed processes, metering into the liquid phase is the preferred variant.
  • a post-reaction phase can follow, in which the decrease in the concentration of unreacted alkylene oxide can be quantified by monitoring the pressure.
  • the reaction mixture after completion of the post-reaction of small amounts of unreacted alkylene oxides for example, in vacuo at an absolute pressure of 1 to 500 mbar or by Stripping be released quantitatively.
  • the removal of volatiles, such as unreacted alkylene oxides, either in vacuo or by stripping, is carried out at temperatures of 20 to 200 ° C, preferably at 50 to 160 ° C, and preferably with stirring.
  • Such stripping operations can also be carried out in so-called stripping columns in which an inert gas or steam stream is directed towards the product stream. After reaching a constant pressure or after removal of volatile constituents by vacuum and / or stripping the product can be drained from the reactor.
  • the OH number of the end product (1) is from 3 mg KOH / g to less than the value of the OH number of component A), preferably from 3 to 120 mg KOH / g, more preferably from 14 to 75 mg KOH / g ,
  • a starter polyol and the DMC catalyst are introduced into the reactor system and component A) is continuously fed together with one or more alkylene oxides B1).
  • alkylene oxide addition products such as polyether polyols, polycarbonate polyols, Polyestercarbonatpolyole, Polyethercarbonatpolyole each example, with OH numbers in the range of 3 to 1000 mg KOH / g, preferably from 3 to 300 mg KOH / g, a subset of component A. ), and / or end product (1) according to the invention which was previously prepared separately.
  • a partial amount of component A) or inventive end product (1), which was previously prepared separately, is used as starter polyol in step (ii).
  • end product (1) according to the invention which was previously prepared separately, as starter polyol in step (ii).
  • the dosage of component A) and one or more alkylene oxides (s) is terminated simultaneously, or component A) and a first portion of one or more alkylene oxides B l) are first added together and then the second portion of one or more alkylene oxides B l), wherein the sum of the first and second subset of one or more alkylene oxides Bl) of the total amount of in step (ii) used amount of one or more alkylene oxides B l) corresponds.
  • the first portion is preferably 60 to 98% by weight and the second portion is 40 to 2% by weight of the total amount of one or more alkylene oxides B 1) to be metered in step (ii).
  • a post-reaction phase may follow, in which the consumption of Alkylene oxide can be quantified by monitoring the pressure. After pressure stability has been achieved, the end product, if appropriate after applying a vacuum or by stripping to remove unreacted alkylene oxides, can be drained off as described above.
  • step (ii) it is also possible in step (ii) to introduce the entire amount of component A) and DMC catalyst and one or more H-functional starter compounds, in particular those having equivalent molar masses, for example in the range from 30.0 to 350 Da, continuously together with one or more Alkylene oxides Bl) supply.
  • equivalent molecular weight is meant the total mass of Zerewitinoff active hydrogen atoms contained by the number of Zerewitinoff active hydrogen atoms. In the case of hydroxylated materials, it is calculated by the following formula:
  • the OH number can z. B. are determined by titrimetry according to the specification of DIN 53240 or spectroscopically via NIR.
  • the reaction product (1) is withdrawn continuously from the reactor.
  • a starter polyol and a partial amount of DMC catalyst are introduced into the reactor system and the component A) is continuously supplied together with one or more alkylene oxides B l) and D MC catalyst leads and the reaction product (1 ) is withdrawn continuously from the reactor.
  • starter polyol in step (ii) are alkylene oxide addition products such as polyether polyols,
  • a partial amount of component A) or inventive end product (1), which was previously prepared separately, is used as starter polyol in step (ii).
  • end product (1) according to the invention which was previously prepared separately, as starter polyol in step (ii). This can be continuous Nachreticians Kunststoffe, for example in a
  • the DMC catalyst remains in the final product, but it can also be separated, for example by treatment with adsorbents.
  • Methods for the separation of DMC catalysts are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,987,271, DE-A 3132258, EP-A 406440, US Pat. No. 5,391,722, US Pat. No. 5,099,075, US Pat. No. 4,721,818, US Pat. No. 4,877,906 and EP-A 3,856,19 ,
  • polyetherester polyols (1) obtainable by the process according to the invention can be used as starting components for the preparation of polyurethane formulations and of solid or foamed polyurethanes, for example polyurethane elastomers, flexible polyurethane foams and rigid polyurethane foams.
  • polyurethanes may also contain isocyanurate, allophanate and biuret structural units.
  • Polyurethanes comprising the polyetherester polyols (1) obtainable by the process according to the invention, in particular foamed polyurethanes such as, for example, polyurethane elastomers, flexible polyurethane foams and rigid polyurethane foams, are likewise provided by the invention.
  • V optionally additives such.
  • B cell stabilizers
  • the polyetheresterpolyols (1) according to the invention as component I) in polyurethane formulations may optionally contain, as further isocyanate-reactive compounds, component II), polyetherpolyols, polyesterpolyols, polycarbonatepolyols, polyethercarbonate polyols, polyestercarbonatepolyols, polyetherestercarbonatepolyols and / or chain extenders and / or crosslinking agents with OH. Numbers or NH numbers of 6 to 1870 mg KOH / g are admixed.
  • Polyether olefins suitable for this purpose can be synthesized, for example, by anionic polymerization of alkylene oxides in the presence of alkali metal hydroxides or alkali metal alkoxides as catalysts and with the addition of at least one H-functional starter compound containing 2 to 8 Zerewitinoff-active hydrogen atoms or by cationic polymerization of alkylene oxides in the presence of Lewis alcohols. Acids such as antimony pentachloride or borofluoride etherate can be obtained.
  • Suitable catalysts are also those of the double metal cyanide (DMC) type, as described for example in US-A 3404109, US-A 3829505, US-A 3941849, US-A 5158922, US-A 5470813, EP-A 700949, EP-A A 743093, EP-A 761708, WO-A 97/40086, WO-A 98/16310 and WO-A 00/47649 are described.
  • Suitable alkylene oxides as well as some suitable H-functional starter compounds have already been described in previous sections. In addition to mention are tetrahydrofuran as lewis-acid polymerizable cyclic ether and water as a starter molecule.
  • the polyether polyols preferably polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene polyols, preferably have number-average molecular weights of from 200 to 8,000 Da.
  • Polyether polyols which are preferably polymer-modified polyether polyols, preferably styrene polyether polyols, in particular those based on styrene and / or acrylonitrile, which are obtained by in situ polymerization of acrylonitrile, styrene or preferably mixtures of styrene and acrylonitrile, eg. B. in a weight ratio of 90: 10 to 10:90.
  • polyether polyols preferably from 70:30 to 30:70
  • polyether polyol dispersions which are in the form of a disperse phase, usually in an amount of from 1 to 50% by weight, preferably from 2 to 25% by weight.
  • inorganic fillers polyureas, polyhydrazides, tertiary amino groups bonded containing polyurethanes and / or melamine.
  • Suitable polyester polyols can be prepared, for example, from organic dicarboxylic acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and polyhydric alcohols, preferably diols, having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • Suitable dicarboxylic acids are, for example: succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, decanedicarboxylic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid.
  • the dicarboxylic acids can be used both individually and in admixture with each other.
  • dicarboxylic acid mono and / or diesters of alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or dicarboxylic anhydrides are used.
  • dicarboxylic acid mono and / or diesters of alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or dicarboxylic anhydrides are used.
  • dihydric and polyhydric alcohols are ethanediol, diethylene glycol, 1,2- or 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, methyl 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 3 Methyl-l, 5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1, 10-decanediol, 1, 12-dodecanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol.
  • 1,2-ethanediol diethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane or mixtures of at least two of said polyhydric alcohols, in particular mixtures of ethanediol, 1, 4-butanediol and 1, 6 Hexanediol, glycerol and / or trimethylolpropane.
  • polyester polyols from lactones, for example ⁇ -caprolactone or hydroxycarboxylic acids, eg. B. hydroxycaproic acid and hydroxyacetic acid.
  • the organic, aromatic or aliphatic polycarboxylic acids and / or polycarboxylic acid derivatives and polyhydric alcohols can be used catalyst-free or in the presence of esterification catalysts, conveniently in an atmosphere of inert gases, e.g. Nitrogen, helium or argon and also in the melt at temperatures of 150 to 300 ° C, preferably 180 to 230 ° C optionally under reduced pressure to the desired acid and OH numbers, polycondensed.
  • the acid number is advantageously less than 10, preferably less than 2.5.
  • the esterification mixture is polycondensed at the abovementioned temperatures to an acid number of 80 to 30, preferably 40 to 30, under atmospheric pressure and then under a pressure of less than 500 mbar, preferably 1 to 150 mbar.
  • Suitable esterification catalysts are, for example, iron, cadmium, cobalt, lead, zinc, antimony, magnesium, titanium and tin catalysts in the form of metals, metal oxides or metal salts.
  • the polycondensation of aromatic or aliphatic carboxylic acids with polyhydric alcohols may also be carried out in the liquid phase in the presence of diluents and / or entraining agents, e.g. Benzene, toluene, xylene or chlorobenzene, be carried out for the azeotropic distillation of the condensation water.
  • Suitable polycarbonate polyols are those of the type known per se, which are obtained, for example, by reacting diols, such as 1,2-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol oligo-tetramethylene glycol and / or oligomeric Hexamethylene glycol with diaryl carbonates and / or dialkyl carbonates, eg.
  • diphenyl carbonate dimethyl carbonate and ⁇ - ⁇ -Bischloroformiaten or phosgene can be produced.
  • Suitable polyether carbonate polyols are obtainable, for example, by copolymerization of carbon dioxide and alkylene oxides onto polyfunctional hydroxy-containing starter compounds. Catalysts suitable for this purpose are in particular DMC-type catalysts, as described above. Difunctional chain extenders and / or preferably tri- or tetrafunctional
  • Crosslinking agents may be added to the polyetherester polyols (1) to be used according to the invention for modifying the mechanical properties, in particular the hardness, of the polyurethanes.
  • Suitable chain extenders such as alkanediols, dialkylene glycols and polyalkylene polyols and crosslinking agents, e.g. 3- or 4-hydric alcohols and oligomeric polyalkylene polyols having a functionality of 3 to 4, usually have molecular weights less than 800 Da, preferably from 18 to 400 Da and in particular from 60 to 300 Da.
  • chain extenders it is preferred to use alkanediols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, e.g.
  • Diethylgykol and dipropylene glycol and polyoxyalkylene glycols are also suitable.
  • branched chain and / or unsaturated alkanediols usually containing not more than 12 carbon atoms, e.g.
  • alkanolamines having 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as ethanolamine, 2-aminopropanol and 3-amino-2,2-dimethylpropanol, N-alkyldialkanolamines, e.g.
  • N-methyl- and N-ethyl-diethanolamine (cyclo) aliphatic diamines having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, such as 1, 2-ethylenediamine, 1,3-propylenediamine, 1,4-butylenediamine and 1,6-hexamethylenediamine , Isophoronediamine, 1,4-cyclohexamethylenediamine and 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, N-alkyl, N, N'-dialkyl-substituted and aromatic diamines, which may also be substituted on the aromatic radical by alkyl groups, having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the N-alkyl radical, such as
  • Suitable crosslinking agents are, for example, glycerol, tri
  • Suitable organic polyisocyanates are cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic polyisocyanates, as described for example by W. Siefken in Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 562, pages 75 to 136, for example those of the formula Q (NCO) n , in the n 2-4, preferably 2, and Q is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 2-18, preferably 6-10 C atoms, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4-15, preferably 5-10 C atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6-15, preferably 6-13 C atoms, or an aralipatic hydrocarbon radical having 8-15, preferably 8-13 C atoms.
  • Suitable are, for example, ethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-
  • triphenylmethane-4,4 ', 4 "-triisocyanate polyphenyl-polymethylene-polyisocyanates, as obtained by aniline-formaldehyde condensation and subsequent phosgenation and, for example, in GB-A 874430 and GB-A 848671, m- and p-Isocyanatophenylsulfonylisocyanate according to
  • Isocyanurate group-containing polyisocyanates as described for example in DE-C 1022789, DE-C 1222067 and DE-C 1027394 and in DE-A 1929034 and DE-A 2004048 be urethane-containing polyisocyanates, as described for example in BE-B 752261 or in US-A 3394164 and US-A 3644457, acylated urea group-containing polyisocyanates according to DE-C 1230778, biuret-containing polyisocyanates, as described in US-A 3,124,605 , US-A 3201372 and US-A 3124605 and in GB-B 889050, prepared by telomerization reactions polyisocyanates, as described in US-A 3654106, ester group-containing polyisocyanates, as described for example in GB-B 965474 and GB-B 1072956 and in DE-C 1231688, reaction products of the abovementioned isocyanates with ace
  • isocyanate group-containing distillation residues obtained in industrial isocyanate production optionally dissolved in one or more of the abovementioned polyisocyanates.
  • polyisocyanates for example, the 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate and any mixtures of these isomers (“TDI”), polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates, as by aniline-formaldehyde condensation and subsequent Phosgenation (“crude MDI”) and carbodiimide groups, urethane groups, allophanate groups, isocyanurate groups, urea groups or biuret-containing polyisocyanates (“modified polyisocyanates”), in particular those modified polyisocyanates which differ from the 2,4- and / or 2,6- Derive tolylene diisocyanate or from 4,4 ' - and / or 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Also suitable are naphthylene-1,5-diisocyanate and mixtures of said polyisocyanates.
  • prepolymers containing isocyanate groups which are obtainable by reacting a part or all of the polyetheresterpolyols to be used in accordance with the invention and / or a partial or total amount of the polyetheresterpolyols to be used according to the invention optionally mixed with isocyanate-reactive components described above with at least an aromatic di- or polyisocyanate from the group TDI, MDI, DIBDI, NDI, DDI, preferably with 4,4'-MDI and / or 2,4-TDI and / or 1,5-NDI to a urethane groups and isocyanate groups having polyaddition product.
  • the prepolymers containing isocyanate groups are prepared by reacting exclusively higher molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds, that is to say those used according to the invention Polyetheresterpolyolen and / or polyether polyols, polyester polyols or polycarbonate polyols with the polyisocyanates, preferably 4,4'-MDI, 2,4-TDI and / or 1,5-NDI.
  • the isocyanate group-containing prepolymers can be prepared in the presence of catalysts. However, it is also possible to prepare the prepolymers having isocyanate groups in the absence of catalysts and to add them to the reaction mixture for the preparation of the polyurethanes.
  • blowing agent component III
  • water can be used which reacts with the organic polyisocyanates or with the isocyanate prepolymers in situ to form carbon dioxide and amino groups, which in turn react with further isocyanate groups to form urea groups and act as chain extenders. If water is added to the polyurethane formulation to adjust the desired density, it is usually used in amounts of from 0.001 to 6.0% by weight, based on the weight of components I), IV) and V).
  • gases or readily volatile inorganic or organic substances which evaporate under the influence of the exothermic polyaddition reaction and advantageously a boiling point under normal pressure in the range from -40 to 120.degree. C., preferably from .degree 10 to 90 ° C, are used as physical blowing agents.
  • Suitable organic blowing agents are acetone, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, halogen-substituted alkanes such as methylene chloride, chloroform, ethylidene chloride, vinylidene chloride, monofluorotrichloromethane, chlorodifluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, HFCs such as R 134a, R 245fa and R 365mfc, furthermore unsubstituted alkanes such as butane, n-pentane , Isopentane, cyclopentane, hexane, heptane or diethyl ether.
  • halogen-substituted alkanes such as methylene chloride, chloroform, ethylidene chloride, vinylidene chloride, monofluorotrichloromethane, chlorodifluoromethane, dichlorodifluorome
  • blowing agents are, for example, air, CO2 or N 2 O in question.
  • a blowing effect can also be achieved by adding compounds which decompose at temperatures above room temperature with elimination of gases, for example of nitrogen and / or carbon dioxide, such as azo compounds, for example
  • the appropriately used amount of solid propellants, low-boiling liquids or gases, each individually or in the form of mixtures, for. B. can be used as liquid or gas mixtures or gas-liquid mixtures, depends on the desired polyurethane density and the amount of water used.
  • the required quantities can be easily determined experimentally. Satisfactory results usually provide amounts of solids of 0.5 to 35 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 15 parts by weight, liquid quantities of 1 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 18 parts by weight and / or 0 gas , 01 to 80 parts by weight, preferably from 10 to 35 parts by weight, in each case based on the weight of components I), II) and the polyisocyanates.
  • the gas loading with z. For example, air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and / or helium can be carried out either via the formulation components I), II), IV) and V) and / or via the polyisocyanates.
  • amine catalysts familiar to the person skilled in the art may be used, e.g. tertiary amines such as triethylamine, tributylamine, N-methyl-morpholine, N-ethyl morpholine, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ '-tetramethyl-ethylenediamine, pentamethyl-diethylenetriamine and higher homologs (DE-OS 2624527 and DE-OS 2624528), 1,4-diaza-bicyclo- (2,2,2) -octane, N-methyl-N'-dimethylaminoethyl-piperazine, bis (dimethylaminoalkyl) -piperazine (DE-A 2636787), N, N Dimethylbenzylamine, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylcyclohexylamine, N, N-diethylbenzylamine, bis (N, N-diethylaminoethyl) a
  • Suitable catalysts are also known Mannich bases of secondary amines, such as dimethylamine, and aldehydes, preferably formaldehyde, or ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone or cyclohexanone, and phenols, such as phenol or alkyl-substituted phenols.
  • triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, N-ethyldiethanolamine, N, N-dimethylethanolamine, their reaction products with alkylene oxides, such as propylene oxide and / or ethylene oxide, and secondary tertiary amines, are tertiary amines containing isocyanate-active hydrogen atoms according to DE-A 2732292.
  • Further catalysts which may be used are silaamines having carbon-silicon bonds, as described in US Pat. No. 3,620,984, for example 2,2,4-trimethyl-2-silamorpholine and 1,3-diethylaminomethyl-tetramethyldisiloxane.
  • nitrogen-containing bases such as tetraalkylammonium hydroxides, furthermore hexahydrotriazines.
  • NCO groups and Zerewitinoff-active hydrogen atoms are also greatly accelerated by lactams and azalactams, initially an associate between the lactam and the compound with acidic
  • organic metal compounds such as tin (II) salts of organic carboxylic acids, eg. Tin (II) acetate, stannous octoate, stannous (II) ethylhexanoate and stannous (II) taurate, and the dialkyltin (IV) salts of mineral or organic carboxylic acids, e.g. Dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate, dioctyltin diacetate and dibutyltin dichloride.
  • sulfur-containing compounds such as di-n-octyl-tin-mercaptide (US Pat. No. 3,645,927) can also be used.
  • Catalysts which catalyze the trimerization of NCO groups in a particular way are used for the production of polyurethane materials with high proportions of so-called poly (isocyanurate) structures ("PIR foams") .
  • PIR foams polyurethane structures
  • formulations with significant excesses are used for the preparation of such materials from
  • PIR foams are typically made at indexes from 180 to 450, the index being defined as the ratio of isocyanate groups to hydroxy groups multiplied by a factor of 100.
  • Catalysts which contribute to the formation of isocyanurate structures are metal salts such as, for example, potassium or sodium acetate, sodium octoate and amino compounds such as
  • the catalysts or catalyst combinations are generally used in an amount between about 0.001 and 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.01 to 4 wt .-% based on the total amount of compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms.
  • polyurethane elastomers or polyurethane cast elastomers can be produced.
  • additives component V
  • surface-active additives such as emulsifiers, foam stabilizers, cell regulators, flame retardants, nucleating agents, antioxidants, stabilizers, lubricants and mold release agents, dyes, dispersing aids and pigments.
  • emulsifiers are, for example, the sodium salts of castor oil sulfonates or salts of fatty acids with amines such as diethylamine or diethanolamine stearic acid. Also alkali or
  • Suitable foam stabilizers are, in particular, polyethersiloxanes. These compounds are generally designed so that copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are connected to a Polydimethylsiloxanrest. Such foam stabilizers may be either reactive with isocyanates or unreactive to isocyanates by etherification of the terminal OH groups. They are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 2,834,748, US Pat. No.
  • branched polysiloxanes which are often branched over allophanate groups
  • organopolysiloxanes oxyethylated alkylphenols, oxyethylated fatty alcohols and paraffin oils, and cell regulators such as paraffins, fatty alcohols and dimethylpolysiloxanes for improving the emulsifying effect, dispersing the filler, cell structure and / or Oligomeric polyacrylates having polyoxyalkylene and fluoroalkane radicals as side groups are also suitable for stabilizing them
  • the surface-active substances are usually used in amounts of from 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of component I) also reaction retarders such as acidic substances such as hydrochloric acid, or organic S acids and acid halides, and pigments or dyes and flame retardants known per se, for example tris (chloroethyl) phosphate, tricresyl phosphate or ammonium phosphate and polyphosphate
  • the reaction components are reacted with polyisocyanates according to the known one-step process, the prepolymer process or the semiprepolymer process, wherein it is preferable to use mechanical devices such as those described in US Pat. B. in US-PS 2764565 be described. Details of processing equipment that also come under the invention, are in Vieweg and Höchtlen (ed.): Plastics Handbook, Volume VII, Carl Hanser Verlag, Kunststoff 1966, p 121 to 205 described.
  • the foaming can also be carried out in closed molds.
  • the reaction mixture is introduced into a mold.
  • the molding material is metal, e.g. Aluminum, or plastic, e.g. Epoxy resin, in question.
  • the foaming of the mold can be carried out in such a way that the molded part has a cell structure on its surface. But it can also be carried out so that the molding has a compact skin and a cellular core.
  • mold release agents are used.
  • internal release agents optionally in admixture with external release agents, as is apparent, for example, from DE-OS 2121670 and DE-OS 2307589.
  • foams can also be produced by block foaming or by the double-belt transport method known per se (see “Kunststoffhandbuch", Volume VII, Carl Hanser Verlag, Kunststoff, Vienna, 3rd edition 1993, page 148).
  • the foams can be made by various methods of slabstock foam molding or in molds.
  • those which have a propylene oxide (PO) content of at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, are used for heating from
  • Cold-formed foams have been found to be particularly suitable polyether polyols with a proportion of primary OH groups of more than 40 mol%, in particular more than 50 mol%.
  • Soybean oil (refined, i.e., de-lecithinized, neutralized, decolorized and steam stripped), Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Kunststoff, DE.
  • sorbitol (as a solution in water)
  • soybean oil As component A2) was used: soybean oil
  • component A3 propylene oxide and ethylene oxide
  • step (i-1) Immediately following step (i-1), 13.64 g of a 12.12% sulfuric acid was added at 80 ° C and stirred for 1 h.
  • sorbitol (as a solution in water)
  • soybean oil As component A2) was used: soybean oil
  • component A3 ethylene oxide
  • step (i-1) 12.95 g of a 11.89% sulfuric acid was added at 42 ° C and stirred for 1 h.
  • Example 1 Reaction of the component Al according to step (ii) of the process As component Bl) was used: propylene oxide and ethylene oxide
  • DMC catalyst prepared according to Example 6 of
  • component Bl propylene oxide and ethylene oxide
  • DMC catalyst prepared according to Example 6 of WO-A 01/80994.
  • Example 3 Reaction of component A-2 according to step (ii) of the process As component Bl) was used: propylene oxide and ethylene oxide
  • DMC catalyst prepared according to Example 6 of
  • Example 4 Reaction of component A-3 in comparison to step (i) of the process, no over-neutralization, with filtration, no separate step (ii)
  • Residual oxygen was then removed by pressurizing the autoclave three times with nitrogen to an absolute pressure of 3 bar and subsequent evacuation to 10 mbar. After heating to 105 ° C., 3603.5 g of propylene oxide were metered into the autoclave over a period of 5.28 h. After a post-reaction time of 7.63 h, the mixture was cooled to 40 ° C. and 913.1 g of a 4.08% strength sulfuric acid were added and the mixture was stirred for 1 h. Water was then at ca.
  • the temperature was meanwhile increased from 40 ° C to 80 ° C.
  • the precipitated salts were removed by filtration through a depth filter (T 750).
  • T 750 a depth filter
  • the comparative product had an OHN of 51.2 mg KOH / g, a viscosity of 593 mPas at 25 ° C and an acid number of 760 ppm KOH.
  • Isocyanate component T80 mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-TDI in the weight ratio 80:20 and with an NCO content of 48 wt .-%.
  • the starting components are processed in the single-stage process by block foaming.
  • index of the processing is given (thereafter, the amount of amount of polyisocyanate component to be used in relation to component I)) results.
  • the index (isocyanate index) gives the percentage ratio of the actual amount of isocyanate (NCO) used to the stoichiometric, i. calculated isocyanate (NCO) amount:
  • the density was determined according to DIN EN ISO 845.
  • the compression hardness (CLD 40%) was determined according to DIN EN ISO 3386-1-98 with a deformation of 40%, 4th cycle.
  • the tensile strength and the elongation at break were determined according to DIN EN ISO 1798.
  • the compression set (DVR 90%) was determined according to DIN EN ISO 1856-2000 at 90% deformation.
  • Step (i-1) 237, 1 g of a 70% solution of sorbitol in water and 0.516 g of an aqueous KOH solution (containing 44.9 wt .-% KOH) were combined in a 2 1 autoclave. With stirring (800 U / min) was dehydrated in vacuo until a temperature of 150 ° C at an absolute pressure of less than 10 mbar was reached. The contents of the reactor were then passed for 2 hours while passing 50 ml of nitrogen / min. Stripped at an absolute pressure of 100 to 120 mbar. At 150 ° C., 363.2 g of propylene oxide were metered in over the course of 2.93 hours, in which case an absolute total pressure of 5.0 bar was achieved.
  • Step (i-1) was carried out as described in Comparative Example 8.
  • step (i-1) Immediately following step (i-1) at 80 ° C, 0.9483 g of a 12.16% sulfuric acid was added to 466.2 g of the product from step (i-1) and stirred for 30 minutes.
  • step (i-2) In direct connection to the step (i-2) was dehydrated by the addition of 0.2420 g After IRGANOX ® 1076 at 110 ° C for 3 hours at 8 mbar (absolute pressure). Component A-5 was obtained.
  • Step (i-1) was carried out as described in Comparative Example 8.
  • step (i-3) Immediately following step (i-1), at 80 ° C, to 5.149 g of the product from step (i-1) was added 1.4311 g of a 12, 16% sulfuric acid and stirred for 30 minutes. Step (i-3):
  • component Bl propylene oxide and ethylene oxide
  • DMC catalyst prepared according to Example 6 of
  • step (ii)

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  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production de polyéther-ester polyols à base de matières premières renouvelables, des polyéther-ester polyols produits selon ce procédé et leur utilisation pour produire des polyuréthannes, ainsi que des polyuréthannes contenant les polyéther-ester polyols selon l'invention.
EP11801728.4A 2010-12-20 2011-12-19 Procédé de production de polyéther-ester polyols Withdrawn EP2655475A1 (fr)

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EP10195883 2010-12-20
PCT/EP2011/073162 WO2012084760A1 (fr) 2010-12-20 2011-12-19 Procédé de production de polyéther-ester polyols
EP11801728.4A EP2655475A1 (fr) 2010-12-20 2011-12-19 Procédé de production de polyéther-ester polyols

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HUE028848T2 (en) * 2012-11-20 2017-01-30 Basf Se A process based on natural oils for the production of polyether ester polyols and their use in polyurethane solid foams
CN105026460B (zh) * 2013-01-15 2018-05-11 巴斯夫欧洲公司 多元醇、其制备及用途
DE102013216787A1 (de) 2013-08-23 2015-02-26 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Guanidingruppen aufweisende semi-organische Siliciumgruppen enthaltende Verbindungen
CZ305172B6 (cs) * 2014-03-28 2015-05-27 Bochemie A.S. Diskontinuální krystalizační jednotka pro výrobu kulovitých krystalů
CN109762123A (zh) * 2017-11-09 2019-05-17 山东蓝星东大有限公司 聚酯醚二醇及制法和由其制备的聚氨酯弹性体及制法
EP3536727A1 (fr) * 2018-03-07 2019-09-11 Covestro Deutschland AG Mousses de polyuréthane à base de polyéther carbonates polyoles
CN113429496A (zh) * 2021-07-09 2021-09-24 贵州大学 一种改性无水β-环糊精作为聚丙烯发泡成核剂的应用
CN115785435B (zh) * 2022-12-29 2023-08-11 杭州普力材料科技有限公司 一种一步法制备聚醚多元醇的方法

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CN103370357A (zh) 2013-10-23
JP2014501826A (ja) 2014-01-23

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