EP2638620A2 - Machine electrique a bobinage dentaire a phases regroupees - Google Patents
Machine electrique a bobinage dentaire a phases regroupeesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2638620A2 EP2638620A2 EP11794542.8A EP11794542A EP2638620A2 EP 2638620 A2 EP2638620 A2 EP 2638620A2 EP 11794542 A EP11794542 A EP 11794542A EP 2638620 A2 EP2638620 A2 EP 2638620A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stator
- machine according
- phases
- phase
- winding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
- H02K19/16—Synchronous generators
- H02K19/36—Structural association of synchronous generators with auxiliary electric devices influencing the characteristic of the generator or controlling the generator, e.g. with impedances or switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric machine that can be used as a generator in wind power generation equipment in particular.
- the field of the invention is more particularly but not limited to that of the production of electricity from sources of mechanical energy.
- the electrical energy conversion chain generally comprises:
- a source of mechanical energy which can be for example of wind, hydraulic origin, or based on a system for recovering wave energy
- an electric machine used as a generator that converts the mechanical energy supplied by the source into electrical energy.
- the technology generally used is that of the synchronous magnet machine, associated with a three-phase electrical circuit;
- the rectifier which is an electronic device making it possible to convert the alternative energy delivered by the electric machine into continuous energy.
- the rectifier is generally passive, that is to say it consists of power switches that are not controlled or controlled. These are generally three-phase diode bridges with double alternation;
- a network coupling inverter which, by converting the continuous energy into alternative energy, the connection of the device to a fixed frequency electrical network. It can also provide a power control function;
- the electricity grid which constitutes the load of the entire energy conversion chain. It is generally three-phase and fixed frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz). This conversion chain thus makes it possible to inject the alternative energy delivered by the electric machine, which is variable in frequency since it depends on the speed of rotation, on the fixed frequency network.
- the rectifiers used are often said to be passive because they consist of power diodes.
- This type of rectifier has the advantage of being simple, easy to implement and inexpensive.
- their use has two main disadvantages:
- the operating principle of the diode bridge imposes a non-zero phase shift between the electromotive force and the current within the electric generator. As a result, there is no longer a minimum Joule loss in the electric generator and the output of the generator is altered.
- the operating principle of the diode bridge involves non-sinusoidal phase current waveforms. The harmonic content of the phase currents can be relatively large so that it further decreases the efficiency of the electric generator (current harmonics also create Joule losses);
- the operating principle of the diode bridge involves non-sinusoidal phase current waveforms. It follows that the harmonic content of the phase currents can be relatively high, which generates strong mechanical torque ripples. These ripples of torque can be the source of vibrations and therefore sources of noise. This creates a real problem of noise pollution, especially when electric machines are implemented in wind turbines.
- the document EP 2082471 discloses electromechanical energy conversion devices whose stator windings are made in the form of several sets of coils comprising an identical number of phases (for example 2 sets of 3 phases). Each set is connected to a rectifier, and the rectifiers are combined at their outputs, in series or in parallel.
- the winding assemblies are constituted by diametral windings, and are distributed on the stator in a phase relation which makes it possible to substantially reduce the harmonic content of the stator phase currents compared to a machine which comprises only one set of windings. It is thus obtained an effect of reducing electrical losses, and thus of improving energy efficiency.
- EP 2082471 are however known to have significant torque ripples. They also have the disadvantage of having a significant relaxation torque.
- This relaxation torque corresponds to the idling torque generated by the interaction between the rotor magnets and the stator toothing, and opposes the setting in motion of the machine. It is troublesome especially in the area of low power wind power generation. Indeed, the quality of a wind turbine is partly determined by its ability to recover energy at low wind speed. However, at low wind speed, the torque generated by the blades of the wind turbine is low and if the relaxation torque is high, the blades will not rotate. As a result, we will inevitably increase the minimum wind speed to recover energy.
- Document EP 1487085 discloses a generator comprising two sets of three-phase windings, respectively connected in star and in triangle.
- the magnetized surfaces of the rotor are made so as to have an inclination with respect to the axis of rotation of the machine.
- This technique however has the disadvantage of making the realization of the machine noticeably more complex. It also leads to a reduction in the relationship between the couple obtained and Joule losses, and therefore a reduction in performance of the electric generator in terms of performance.
- the object of the present invention is to propose an electric machine that can operate as a generator associated with a diode rectifier, of optimal efficiency and easy to manufacture, in which the torque ripples are substantially reduced.
- stator and a rotor at least partially made of magnetic material, separated by an air gap, said stator comprising a plurality of notches flanking teeth facing the air gap, said rotor comprising a plurality of magnets arranged so as to generate in the gap an alternation of magnetic fields of substantially perpendicular orientation to the air gap and of substantially opposite polarity, and
- stator winding disposed in the stator slots, and comprising N groups of m phases
- the stator winding comprises a plurality of dental windings arranged in the notches of the stator so as to surround the teeth
- the machine comprising a stator with a number Ns of notches, a rotor with a number Nr of magnets of substantially identical magnetic orientation with respect to the air gap, and a stator winding with a number p of pairs of poles of winding, satisfactorily satisfies the following set of relationships:
- Ns Q m N p, (Eq, la)
- Nr k p, (Eq, lb) with m an odd number greater than 1; N an integer greater than 1; p an integer other than zero; k an odd number greater than 1, different and not multiple of m; and Q an integer equal to 4 or a multiple of 4, and
- the groups of phases are arranged on the stator so that any two phases belonging to two consecutive groups of phases on said stator are separated by an electric angle substantially equal to:
- the electrical angles a are in addition different from 90 degrees modulo 180 degrees.
- the machine according to the invention can furthermore satisfactorily satisfy the relation:
- the parameter m can satisfy at least one of the following conditions: m ⁇ 5, m ⁇ 7;
- the parameter N can satisfy at least one of the following conditions: N ⁇ 3, N ⁇ 4, N ⁇ 5, N ⁇ 6;
- the parameter p can satisfy at least one of the following conditions: p ⁇ 2, p ⁇ 3;
- the parameter Q can satisfy at least one of the following conditions: Q ⁇ 8, Q ⁇ 12, Q ⁇ 16.
- the electrodynamic machine according to the invention may further comprise at least one passive rectifier electrically connected to the stator winding.
- the passive rectifier (s) may include an alternating input electrically connected to a group of phases and a rectified output.
- the electrodynamic machine according to the invention may be shaped such that each group of phases is connected to a separate passive rectifier.
- the electrodynamic machine according to the invention may comprise at least one group whose phases are electrically connected together at a neutral point in a star arrangement;
- the neutral points of the star phase groups may not be directly electrically connected to one another;
- the electrodynamic machine according to the invention may comprise at least one group whose phases are electrically connected together in series, each phase being connected to two other phases of the group.
- the phases of a group can thus be connected together in the form of a closed chain.
- phase groups of the machine can be shaped substantially in the same way, with their respective phases connected either in series or in star for all groups.
- the phase shift can be obtained in the machine according to the invention by the geometric arrangement (that is to say the position) of the phases on the stator, rather than by a purely electrical phase difference generated by a difference in wiring phases between groups.
- a machine comprising N groups of m phases can be designed so that when the teeth of the stator are scanned, the coils of a phase of group 1 and then of a phase of group 2 are successively encountered , and so on until a phase of the group N, then another phase of the group 1, ....
- One can have for example as a provision:
- the groups 1 and 2 which have adjacent phases at the level of the stator windings are said to be "consecutive" and it follows that in the machine according to the invention any phase of the group 1 and a phase any of group 2 are separated by an electrical angle ⁇ according to equation 1.
- the electrodynamic machine according to the invention may comprise a stator with a number Ns of notches, a rotor with a number Nr of magnets of magnetic orientation substantially identical with respect to the gap, and a stator winding with a number p of pairs of winding poles.
- the electrodynamic machine according to the invention can be further designed so as to substantially satisfy any one of the following relationships:
- Nr (Ns / 2) - p, or (Eq.3a)
- Nr (Ns / 2) + p. (Eq 3b)
- Nr (Ns / 2) - 1, or (Eq.4)
- Nr (Ns / 2) + 1. (Eq.5)
- the number p of pairs of winding poles defines the periodicity of the winding of a phase on the stator, and the electric angle a corresponds to the relative electrical phase shift of the voltage of any two phases of two consecutive groups of phases when the machine is moving.
- an improved electric mechanical winding generator according to the invention is obtained with an electric generator with a dental winding.
- the torque ripples are much lower in the dental winding generators because the ratio of the number Ns of notches to the number Nr of magnets of substantially identical magnetic orientation with respect to the air gap must be fractional so that the machine can work, as illustrated in equations 2 and 3.
- the ratio Ns on Nr is on the contrary whole. This results in a gradual shift of the magnets relative to the stator teeth, which reduces the relaxation torque ripples.
- the winding of an electrodynamic machine with a dental winding is simplified in comparison with that of a winding machine diametrical because, as the coils surround the stator teeth, there is no overlap of the phases at the coil heads.
- the size of the buns at the coil heads is reduced, which reduces the amount of non-active copper used and therefore reduce Joule losses.
- the stator winding of the electrodynamic machine comprises N groups of m phases distributed over the stator so as to satisfy the conditions on the electrical angles a defined by equation 1.
- This arrangement makes it possible to repel torque ripple due to harmonic coupling between the current and the emf at high frequencies in the order of (2 N ⁇ ⁇ m) times the fundamental frequency of the electromotive forces (emf), resulting in a much better filtering of these undulations.
- This gives a machine (N ⁇ m) phases whose behavior from the point of view of the torque ripple is that of a machine (2 ⁇ N ⁇ m) phases.
- stator winding satisfies the phase constraints defined by equation 1, to repel the torque ripples at frequencies where they are lower and better filtered.
- EP 1487085 discloses a generator in which a dental winding is implemented. However, to reduce the relaxation torque, it is resorted to an inclination of the magnets.
- stator winding implemented is based on a three-phase star-delta architecture.
- This architecture makes it possible to obtain an electrical phase shift of 30 °, but the structure of the machine remains that of a conventional three-phase dental winding machine whose half of the poles is connected in a triangle and the other half is connected in star. It follows that without recourse to the inclination of the magnets the torque ripple related to the trigger is identical to a three-phase machine which consists of a single three-phase star.
- the stator winding can be arranged so that one tooth out of two of the stator is surrounded by a dental winding.
- Dental winding is then said monolayer. There are half as many coils as stator teeth, a stator tooth on only two teeth is wound, and there is no phase mixing within the notches.
- This winding has the advantages of physical phase decoupling because there is no direct contact between copper wires of different phases in the notches. It also has the advantage of magnetic decoupling between the phases of a group and between groups of phases because, at least in the first order, there is little effect of mutual inductance.
- stator winding can be arranged in such a way that each tooth of the stator is surrounded by a dental winding.
- the dental winding is then called double layer. There are as many coils as stator teeth, all the stator teeth are wound, and there is a mixture of phase within the notches.
- the rotor may comprise a plurality of pairs of magnets alternately having their north pole and their south pole side of the gap.
- the rotor may thus comprise Nr pairs of magnets each comprising a magnet having its north pole on the air gap side and a magnet having its south pole on the air gap side, ie Nr magnets of substantially identical magnetic orientation having their pole north side of the air gap, and Nr magnets of substantially identical magnetic orientation having their south pole side of the gap.
- Nr pairs of magnets each comprising a magnet having its north pole on the air gap side and a magnet having its south pole on the air gap side, ie Nr magnets of substantially identical magnetic orientation having their pole north side of the air gap, and Nr magnets of substantially identical magnetic orientation having their south pole side of the gap.
- the relaxation torque is substantially reduced thanks to the implementation of the dental winding and its distribution in groups of phases. It is therefore not necessary to tilt the magnets or the magnetized surfaces as in EP 1 487 085. They can be arranged, in a conventional manner, in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of relative movement of the rotor relative to the stator in the air gap, which has the particular advantage of greatly simplifying the manufacture of the electrodynamic machine.
- the electrodynamic machine according to the invention may comprise passive bridge rectifiers of diodes with full wave.
- it may comprise passive rectifiers electrically connected in series on the side of their rectified output, to obtain a summation of the rectified voltages.
- it may comprise passive rectifiers electrically connected in parallel on their output side rectified, to obtain a summation of the rectified currents.
- This configuration has the advantage of reducing, at given power, the current size of the output cables of the generator, which facilitates its connection.
- the stator and the rotor may have a cylindrical geometry.
- stator and the rotor may have a discoid geometry.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a wind energy conversion chain implementing an electrodynamic machine according to the invention
- FIG. 2 presents an electrical diagram of the phases and rectifiers (a) connected in series and (b) connected in parallel in a machine according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows in a diagram the electrical angles of the phases (a) of the first group and (b) of the second group in a machine according to the invention
- FIG. 4 illustrates a sectional view of an embodiment of an electrodynamic machine according to the invention
- FIG. 5 illustrates a sectional view of another embodiment of an electrodynamic machine according to the invention.
- an electrodynamic machine 10 whose rotor is coupled to wind turbine blades driven by the wind 14. This machine delivers electrical energy of variable frequency as a function of its speed of rotation;
- rectifier 11 whose function is to transform the alternating electrical energy supplied by the machine 10 into continuous energy;
- a network coupling inverter 12 which, by converting the continuous energy into alternative energy, the connection to the electrical distribution network 13 fixed frequency;
- the electrical distribution network 13 which is the load of the entire energy conversion chain. It is generally three-phase and fixed frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz).
- the machine according to the invention 10 is a synchronous machine with magnets, with a cylindrical rotor.
- the phases 1, 3, 5 and 2, 4, 6 are connected in a star. They are connected on the one hand to a neutral point to which are connected all the phases of their respective group, and on the other hand to the input of a rectifier l ia or 11b.
- the neutral points of the different groups are not interconnected.
- the rectifiers 11a and 11b are full-wave diode-bridge phase-phase rectifiers which output a substantially continuous electrical voltage 20. These rectifiers 11a and 11b can be connected in series (FIG. 2a) or in parallel (FIG. 2b). ) according to which it is preferred to perform a summation in voltage or current of the continuous energy.
- rectifiers l ia and 11b constitute an element of the electric charge of the machine 10 and exert as previously explained a direct influence on its operation, in particular by imposing non-sinusoidal phase current waveforms with relatively large harmonic content.
- this causes annoying mechanical torque ripples. It is precisely these disadvantages that are solved in the electrodynamic machine 10 according to the invention.
- a group of phases (1, 3, 5 or 2, 4, 6) of the machine according to the invention 10 is a three-phase star circuit, the three phases are distributed uniformly over 360 °.
- the phase shift of the phases of the first group is therefore: phase 1: 0 °; phase 3: 120 °; phase 5: 240 °.
- phase 2 30 °; phase 4: 150 °; phase 6: 270 °.
- the rank of the first harmonic of torque is at twelve times the fundamental frequency of the fe m. (compared to 6 times the fundamental frequency of fem, if using a conventional three-phase machine). It is therefore the higher order current harmonics, which in addition are of smaller amplitude, which are at the origin of the torque ripples.
- the filtering of these harmonics of torque is further reinforced by the low-pass effect related to the inertia of the mechanical system.
- the machine 10 comprises a stator 40 and a rotor 44 cylindrical separated by an air gap 47.
- the stator 40 and the rotor 44 are formed in a stack of pre-cut sheet metal plates.
- the rotor 44 comprises on its periphery pairs of magnets 45 and 46 whose magnetization direction 48 is substantially radial with respect to the gap 47. These magnets 45 and 46 are arranged so as to alternately present their north pole and their south pole on the side of the gap.
- the stator 40 comprises teeth 42 separated by notches 41 in which are housed windings of copper wire 43 which surround the teeth 42.
- the dental winding is said to be monolayer, that is to say that there is only one winding 43 per notch 41, and therefore no mixing of phases in the notches. Only one tooth out of two is wound.
- phase 1 0 ° (reference phase); phase 3: 120 °; phase 5: 240 °;
- a two-group machine configuration 1 and 2 the groups are necessarily consecutive, and each of the phases 1, 3, or 5 of the group 1 is separated by an angle ⁇ according to equation 1 with respect to any which phases 2, 4 and 6 of the group 2.
- a winding 43 of a phase of the group 1 is always followed by a winding 43 of a phase of the group 2, and vice and versa.
- the dental winding is said to be double-layered, that is to say that there are two windings 43 per notch 41, so that all the teeth 42 are wound .
- phase 1 0 ° (reference phase); phase 3: 120 °; phase 5: 240 °;
- phase 2 30 °; phase 4: 150 °; phase 6: 270 °.
- each of the phases 1, 3, or 5 of the group 1 is separated by an angle ⁇ according to the equation 1 with respect to any of the phases 2, 4 and 6 of the group 2.
- windings 43 of a phase of group 1 are always followed by windings 43 of a phase of group 2, and vice versa.
- the following phases are thus obtained:
- phase 1 0 °; phase 3: 72 °; phase 5: 144 °; Phase 7: 216 °; phase 9: 288 °;
- phase 2 18 °; phase 4: 90 °; phase 6: 162 °; phase 8: 234 °; phase 10: 306 °.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
- Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1059327A FR2967529B1 (fr) | 2010-11-12 | 2010-11-12 | Machine electrique a bobinage dentaire a phases regroupees |
PCT/FR2011/052615 WO2012063002A2 (fr) | 2010-11-12 | 2011-11-10 | Machine electrique a bobinage dentaire a phases regroupees |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2638620A2 true EP2638620A2 (fr) | 2013-09-18 |
Family
ID=44477384
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11794542.8A Withdrawn EP2638620A2 (fr) | 2010-11-12 | 2011-11-10 | Machine electrique a bobinage dentaire a phases regroupees |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2638620A2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2967529B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2012063002A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3051670B1 (fr) * | 2015-01-28 | 2018-08-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Conception d'enroulement pour le stator d'une machine électrique |
FR3071369B1 (fr) * | 2017-09-18 | 2023-09-01 | Ifp Energies Now | Machine electrique comprenant un stator muni d'un manchon tubulaire interne |
EP3806317B1 (fr) * | 2019-10-08 | 2025-02-19 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S | Estimation d'un paramètre opérationnel de rotor |
EP4015815A1 (fr) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-06-22 | General Electric Renovables España S.L. | Armature pour générateur d'éolienne et procédés associés |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITMI20031198A1 (it) * | 2003-06-13 | 2004-12-14 | Ducati Energia Spa | Generatore a magneti permanenti per apparecchiature autoalimentate |
US7710081B2 (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2010-05-04 | Direct Drive Systems, Inc. | Electromechanical energy conversion systems |
JP5469873B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-11 | 2014-04-16 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 回転電機 |
WO2009144946A1 (fr) * | 2008-05-30 | 2009-12-03 | パナソニック株式会社 | Système de commande de moteur synchrone |
-
2010
- 2010-11-12 FR FR1059327A patent/FR2967529B1/fr active Active
-
2011
- 2011-11-10 WO PCT/FR2011/052615 patent/WO2012063002A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2011-11-10 EP EP11794542.8A patent/EP2638620A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2012063002A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2967529B1 (fr) | 2013-09-13 |
WO2012063002A2 (fr) | 2012-05-18 |
FR2967529A1 (fr) | 2012-05-18 |
WO2012063002A3 (fr) | 2013-03-21 |
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