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EP2599078A2 - Acoustic panel for a turbojet engine nacelle, with in-built fasteners - Google Patents

Acoustic panel for a turbojet engine nacelle, with in-built fasteners

Info

Publication number
EP2599078A2
EP2599078A2 EP11741643.8A EP11741643A EP2599078A2 EP 2599078 A2 EP2599078 A2 EP 2599078A2 EP 11741643 A EP11741643 A EP 11741643A EP 2599078 A2 EP2599078 A2 EP 2599078A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acoustic panel
fastening means
outer skin
panel
acoustic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11741643.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hervé HURLIN
Nicolas Dezeustre
Wouter Balk
Bertrand Desjoyeaux
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Safran Nacelles SAS
Original Assignee
Aircelle SA
SNECMA SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aircelle SA, SNECMA SAS filed Critical Aircelle SA
Publication of EP2599078A2 publication Critical patent/EP2599078A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D33/00—Arrangement in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for
    • B64D33/02—Arrangement in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/04—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/045—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants having provisions for noise suppression
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D33/00—Arrangement in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for
    • B64D33/04—Arrangement in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of exhaust outlets or jet pipes
    • B64D33/06—Silencing exhaust or propulsion jets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/243—Flange connections; Bolting arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/28—Supporting or mounting arrangements, e.g. for turbine casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/44—Nozzles having means, e.g. a shield, reducing sound radiation in a specified direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/78—Other construction of jet pipes
    • F02K1/82—Jet pipe walls, e.g. liners
    • F02K1/827—Sound absorbing structures or liners
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D33/00—Arrangement in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for
    • B64D33/02—Arrangement in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes
    • B64D2033/0206—Arrangement in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes comprising noise reduction means, e.g. acoustic liners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D33/00—Arrangement in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for
    • B64D33/02—Arrangement in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes
    • B64D2033/0266—Arrangement in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes specially adapted for particular type of power plants
    • B64D2033/0286—Arrangement in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes specially adapted for particular type of power plants for turbofan engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F05B2260/301—Retaining bolts or nuts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/36—Application in turbines specially adapted for the fan of turbofan engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/20—Three-dimensional
    • F05D2250/28—Three-dimensional patterned
    • F05D2250/283—Three-dimensional patterned honeycomb
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/603—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an acoustic panel of the cellular panel type, in particular for a turbojet engine nacelle structure, said acoustic panel being equipped with attachment means.
  • This panel is more particularly intended to equip a turbojet nacelle and more particularly a blower housing of the turbojet engine.
  • aircraft turbojets are generators of significant noise pollution. There is a strong demand to reduce this pollution, especially as the turbojets used become more and more powerful.
  • the design of the nacelle surrounding a turbojet contributes to a large extent to the reduction of this noise pollution.
  • nacelles are equipped with acoustic panels to reduce the noise due to the circulation of air flows through the turbojet engine and vibrations of the structures of the nacelle.
  • acoustic panels are generally arranged along a flow passage of the air flows generated by the turbojet engine, from the air inlet upstream to its outlet downstream.
  • Acoustic panels are sandwich structures well known for absorbing these noises. These panels usually comprise one or more layers of honeycomb core structures (commonly called “honeycomb” structure). These layers can then be coated on their so-called outer face, that is to say the furthest away from the aerodynamic flow, of a skin impermeable to air, called “full”, and on top of it in this way. e, that is to say the most aerodynamic flow, a perforated skin permeable to air, called “acoustic”.
  • the honeycomb core structure is made from joined alveolar unit (s) having generally hexagonal or elliptical shape cells.
  • LDOF linear degree of freedom panels
  • 2DOF double degree of freedom
  • the present invention is not limited to a particular acoustic panel structure and will be compatible with these different structures.
  • These screws can either pass through the panel at the level of the honeycomb core which is then locally reinforced, in particular by adding resin, a solid reinforcement or an insert, or pass through the panel at a area called back to the skin where the honeycomb is locally removed.
  • Another possibility is to glue the panel or rivet on its full outer skin, as described for example in EP 1 020 845, but in this case, the panels are not removable. Furthermore, in the case of EP 1 020 845, it is found that the rivets always penetrate inside the panel, which always reduces the effective acoustic surface.
  • the present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages and to provide a fastening system for removing panels without loss of acoustic surface.
  • the present invention thus proposes an alternative solution answering these drawbacks and consists for this purpose in an acoustic panel comprising at least one cellular core disposed between at least one internal skin, and an outer skin, characterized in that said outer skin integrates at least fastening means adapted to cooperate in a manner removable with a complementary fastening means associated with a connecting structure.
  • fasteners By integrating fastening means directly into the outer skin, no cell of the core is closed or destroyed by the fastening means. The acoustic performances are thus preserved.
  • the fasteners being mounted on the back of the panel, they allow great adaptability to the wall along which the panel must be fixed. This method of attachment also respects the space allocated to the panel.
  • fastening means are at least partially embedded or incorporated in the outer skin, and in particular inserted into the folds in the case of a skin made of composite material.
  • the fastening means is a screw and the complementary fastening means is a nut or vice versa.
  • the fastening means and the complementary fastening means form a quarter-turn fast fastener.
  • the fastening means is a nut and the complementary fastening means is a screw
  • the fixing means is integrated into the outer skin by molding and in particular during a molding step of at least a portion of the panel.
  • the fastening means is integrated into the outer skin by bonding or welding on the outer skin.
  • the fixing means is fixed in the outer skin by riveting.
  • the fastening means is integrated into the outer skin via a base.
  • the acoustic panel comprises a plurality of fixing means, at least a portion of which is oriented in a direction substantially parallel to a direction of installation of the panel.
  • the outer skin of the acoustic panel has a curved surface.
  • the integration of the fastening means in the outer skin has swiveling properties around at least one pivot axis.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a nacel the tu rboréactor whose inner air flow channel is covered with acoustic panels according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a general schematic representation of an acoustic panel as used in the nacelles.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are partial views in longitudinal section of a rear skin of a first embodiment of an acoustic panel according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a rear skin of a third embodiment of an acoustic panel according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 to 8 illustrate the case of a curved acoustic panel and comprising suitable fasteners according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation in section of a nacelle 1 of a turbojet engine 2.
  • This nacelle 1 has a substantially tubular external structure surrounding the turbojet engine 2 and defining around the latter a vein 3 for circulating air flow.
  • FIG. 1 also schematically shows propagation paths of the sound waves (hatched arrow zones), in particular generated by vanes of a fan 4 of the turbojet engine 2.
  • the nacelle 1 is equipped, in particular from an air inlet and along the air circulation duct 3, with acoustic panels 5 covering one or more internal walls of the nacelle 1.
  • FIG. 2 A typical acoustic panel structure 5 is shown in FIG. 2.
  • Such an acoustic panel 5 typically comprises a core 51 made of honeycomb between an inner skin 52, perforated and intended to be oriented towards the inside of the nacelle 1. in order to receive the sound waves to be absorbed, and a solid external skin 53 intended to allow the acoustic panel 5 to be fixed.
  • such an acoustic panel 5 is able to be attached to the nacelle by means of fasteners integrated into the outer skin 53.
  • Figures 3 to 5 show different embodiments of such integrated fastening means.
  • FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of a fastening means fitted to an acoustic panel 5.
  • This fixing means is in the form of a screw 61 comprising a threaded rod 61 1 extending from a plate 612 towards outside the panel.
  • the screw 61 is integrated with the outer skin 53 of the acoustic panel 5 by molding said outer skin 53 around the plate 612.
  • the plate 612 will be arranged between one or more internal plies 53b of the outer skin 53 and one or more outer plies 53a of the outer skin 53.
  • the threaded rod 61 1 is intended to pass through a corresponding orifice 7 formed in a wall 8 to which the acoustic panel 5 must be attached and to receive a corresponding nut 9 so as to secure the fastener while allowing its disassembly.
  • FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of the screw 61 fitted to the rear skin 53 of the acoustic panel 5.
  • the screw 61 is fixed in the rear skin by placing rivets 10 through the plate 612.
  • Figures 6 to 8 are interested in the case of a curved acoustic panel 500.
  • the fastening means in this case screws 61, will advantageously be oriented according to a unidirectional reflection of the panel 500 and not systematically in a direction normal to the panel. 500.
  • the screws 61 can be fixedly mounted in this direction or with swiveling properties making them orientable.
  • 61 is mounted movably within a fixed portion 90 fixed in the rear skin 53, in particular by molding between folds 53a, 53b of the rear skin 53, having a substantially spherical bearing surface.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the step of attaching the acoustic panel to the wall of the nacelle 1.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to an acoustic panel (5) comprising at least one cellular core arranged between at least an internal skin and an external skin (53), characterized in that said external skin incorporates at least one fastener (61) able to collaborate in a disconnectable fashion with a complementary fastener associated with a structure to which it is to be attached.

Description

Panneau acoustique pour nacelle de turboréacteur avec moyens de fixation intégrés  Acoustic panel for turbojet engine nacelle with integrated fixing means
La présente invention se rapporte à un panneau acoustique de type panneau alvéolaire, notamment pour structure de nacelle de turboréacteur, ledit panneau acoustique étant équipé de moyens d'attache. The present invention relates to an acoustic panel of the cellular panel type, in particular for a turbojet engine nacelle structure, said acoustic panel being equipped with attachment means.
Ce panneau est plus particulièrement destiné à équiper une nacelle de turboréacteur et plus particulièrement un carter de soufflante du turboréacteur.  This panel is more particularly intended to equip a turbojet nacelle and more particularly a blower housing of the turbojet engine.
En effet, les turboréacteurs d'avion sont générateurs d'une pollution sonore importante. Il existe une forte demande visant à réduire cette pollution, et ce d'autant plus que les turboréacteurs utilisés deviennent de plus en plus puissants. La conception de la nacelle entourant un turboréacteur contribue pour une grande partie à la réduction de cette pollution sonore.  Indeed, aircraft turbojets are generators of significant noise pollution. There is a strong demand to reduce this pollution, especially as the turbojets used become more and more powerful. The design of the nacelle surrounding a turbojet contributes to a large extent to the reduction of this noise pollution.
Afin d'améliorer d'avantage les performances acoustiques des aéronefs, les nacelles sont dotées de panneaux acoustiques visant à atténuer les bruits dus à la circulation des flux d'air à travers le turboréacteur ainsi qu'aux vibrations des structures de la nacelle. Ainsi, des panneaux acoustiques sont généralement disposés le long d'une veine de circulation des flux d'air générés par le turboréacteur, de l'entrée d'air en amont à sa sortie en aval.  To further improve the acoustic performance of aircraft, nacelles are equipped with acoustic panels to reduce the noise due to the circulation of air flows through the turbojet engine and vibrations of the structures of the nacelle. Thus, acoustic panels are generally arranged along a flow passage of the air flows generated by the turbojet engine, from the air inlet upstream to its outlet downstream.
Les panneaux acoustiques sont des structures de type sandwich bien connues pour absorber ces bruits. Ces panneaux comportent habituellement une ou plusieurs couches de structures à âme alvéolaire (structure couramment appelée « en nid d'abeille »). Ces couches peuvent ensuite être revêtues sur leur face dite externe, c'est-à-dire la plus éloignée de l'écoulement aérodynamique, d'une peau imperméable à l'air, dite « pleine », et s u r l e u r fa ce i n te rn e , c' est-à-d i re l a p l u s p roc h e de l'écoulement aérodynamique, d'une peau perforée perméable à l'air, dite « acoustique ».  Acoustic panels are sandwich structures well known for absorbing these noises. These panels usually comprise one or more layers of honeycomb core structures (commonly called "honeycomb" structure). These layers can then be coated on their so-called outer face, that is to say the furthest away from the aerodynamic flow, of a skin impermeable to air, called "full", and on top of it in this way. e, that is to say the most aerodynamic flow, a perforated skin permeable to air, called "acoustic".
D'une façon connue, la structure à âme alvéolaire est réalisée à partir d'unité(s) alvéolaire(s) jointes possédant des alvéoles de forme généralement hexagonales ou elliptiques.  In a known manner, the honeycomb core structure is made from joined alveolar unit (s) having generally hexagonal or elliptical shape cells.
D'autres structures, conçues notamment pour répondre à des critères acoustiques spécifiques peuvent être mises en œuvre. On citera notamment des panneaux dits à degré de l iberté l inéaire (LDOF : Linear degree of freedom) où un fin grillage métal l ique est collé sur la peau acoustique, et des panneaux dits à double degré de liberté (2DOF : double degree of freedom) comprenant deux niveaux d'âmes alvéolaires séparées un septum poreux. Other structures, designed in particular to meet specific acoustic criteria can be implemented. These include so-called linear degree of freedom panels (LDOF) where a thin metallic mesh is glued to the acoustic skin, and so-called double degree of freedom panels (2DOF: double degree of freedom) comprising two levels of alveolar souls separated a porous septum.
De manière générale, la présente invention n'est pas limitée à une structure de panneau acoustique particulière et sera compatible avec ces différentes structures.  In general, the present invention is not limited to a particular acoustic panel structure and will be compatible with these different structures.
Un des inconvénients principaux est la fixation de ces panneaux. En effet, ces panneaux sont généralement fixés par des vis qui sont démontables afin de permettre et faciliter les opérations de maintenance ou remplacement.  One of the main disadvantages is the fixing of these panels. Indeed, these panels are usually fixed by screws which are removable to allow and facilitate maintenance or replacement operations.
Ces vis peuvent soit traverser le panneau au niveau de l'âme en nid d'abeille qui est alors localement renforcée, notamment par adjonction de résine, d'un renfort solide ou d'un insert, soit traverser le panneau au niveau d'une zone dite de retour à la peau où le nid d'abeille est localement supprimé.  These screws can either pass through the panel at the level of the honeycomb core which is then locally reinforced, in particular by adding resin, a solid reinforcement or an insert, or pass through the panel at a area called back to the skin where the honeycomb is locally removed.
Dans tous les cas, on comprend que la surface acoustique du panneau s'en trouve réduite.  In all cases, it is understood that the acoustic surface of the panel is reduced.
Une autre possibilité consiste à coller le panneau ou à le riveter sur sa peau externe pleine, comme décrit par exemple dans le document EP 1 020 845, mais dans ce cas, les panneaux ne sont pas démontables. Par ailleurs, dans le cas du document EP 1 020 845, on constate que les rivets pénètrent toujours à l'intérieur du panneau, ce qui réduit toujours la surface acoustique efficace.  Another possibility is to glue the panel or rivet on its full outer skin, as described for example in EP 1 020 845, but in this case, the panels are not removable. Furthermore, in the case of EP 1 020 845, it is found that the rivets always penetrate inside the panel, which always reduces the effective acoustic surface.
La présente invention vise à pallier ces inconvénients et à proposer un système de fixation permettant la dépose des panneaux sans perte de surface acoustique.  The present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages and to provide a fastening system for removing panels without loss of acoustic surface.
Le document US 2009/0242321 propose une telle solution en prévoyant des bords d'attache latéraux. Il convient toutefois de noter que la présence de ces bords d'attache rallongent le panneau, ce qui dans des zones à l'espace défini et précisément délimité peut poser problème. Dans ce cas, à longueur identique, il y aura une perte de surface acoustique.  Document US 2009/0242321 proposes such a solution by providing lateral attachment edges. However, it should be noted that the presence of these fastening edges lengthen the panel, which in areas with defined and precisely defined space can be problematic. In this case, at the same length, there will be a loss of acoustic surface.
Par ailleurs, il convient également de pouvoir disposer d'une zone d'attache fixe correspondante, ce qui n'est pas toujours possible.  Furthermore, it should also be possible to have a corresponding fixed attachment zone, which is not always possible.
La présente invention propose donc une solution alternative répondant à ces inconvénients et consiste pour ce faire en un panneau acoustique comprenant au moins une âme alvéolaire disposée entre au moins une peau interne, et une peau externe, caractérisé en ce que ladite peau externe intègre au moins un moyen de fixation apte à coopérer de manière démontable avec un moyen de fixation complémentaire associé à une structure de rattachement. The present invention thus proposes an alternative solution answering these drawbacks and consists for this purpose in an acoustic panel comprising at least one cellular core disposed between at least one internal skin, and an outer skin, characterized in that said outer skin integrates at least fastening means adapted to cooperate in a manner removable with a complementary fastening means associated with a connecting structure.
Ainsi, en intégrant des moyens de fixation directement dans la peau externe, aucune alvéole de l'âme n'est obturée ou détruite par le moyen de fixation. Les performances acoustiques sont donc conservées. De plus, les fixations étant montées au dos du panneau , elles autorisent une grande adaptabilité quant à la paroi le long de laquelle le panneau doit être fixé. Ce mode de fixation respecte également l'encombrement alloué au panneau.  Thus, by integrating fastening means directly into the outer skin, no cell of the core is closed or destroyed by the fastening means. The acoustic performances are thus preserved. In addition, the fasteners being mounted on the back of the panel, they allow great adaptability to the wall along which the panel must be fixed. This method of attachment also respects the space allocated to the panel.
Par intégrés, on entend que les moyens de fixation sont au moins partiellement encastrés ou incorporé dans la peau externe, et notamment inséré dans les plis dans le cas d'une peau en matériau composite.  Integrated by means that the fastening means are at least partially embedded or incorporated in the outer skin, and in particular inserted into the folds in the case of a skin made of composite material.
Selon une première variante de réalisation, le moyen de fixation est une vis et le moyen de fixation complémentaire est un écrou ou inversement.  According to a first variant embodiment, the fastening means is a screw and the complementary fastening means is a nut or vice versa.
Selon une deuxième variante de réalisation, le moyen de fixation et le moyen de fixation complémentaire forment une fixation rapide de type quart de tour.  According to a second variant embodiment, the fastening means and the complementary fastening means form a quarter-turn fast fastener.
Selon une troisième variante de réalisation, le moyen de fixation est écrou et le moyen de fixation complémentaire est une vis  According to a third variant embodiment, the fastening means is a nut and the complementary fastening means is a screw
Selon un premier mode de réalisation, le moyen de fixation est intégré dans la peau externe par moulage et notamment lors d'une étape de moulage d'au moins une partie du panneau.  According to a first embodiment, the fixing means is integrated into the outer skin by molding and in particular during a molding step of at least a portion of the panel.
Selon une deuxième mode de réalisation, le moyen de fixation est intégré dans la peau externe par collage ou soudage sur la peau externe.  According to a second embodiment, the fastening means is integrated into the outer skin by bonding or welding on the outer skin.
Selon un troisième mode de réalisation, le moyen de fixation est fixé dans la peau externe par rivetage.  According to a third embodiment, the fixing means is fixed in the outer skin by riveting.
Avantageusement, le moyen de fixation est intégré dans la peau externe par l'intermédiaire d'une embase.  Advantageously, the fastening means is integrated into the outer skin via a base.
De manière avantageuse, le panneau acoustique comprend une pluralité de moyens de fixation dont au moins une partie est orientée selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à une direction d'installation du panneau.  Advantageously, the acoustic panel comprises a plurality of fixing means, at least a portion of which is oriented in a direction substantially parallel to a direction of installation of the panel.
Selon une variante de réalisation, la peau externe du panneau acoustique présente une surface courbe.  According to an alternative embodiment, the outer skin of the acoustic panel has a curved surface.
Avantageusement, l'intégration du moyen de fixation dans la peau externe possède des propriétés rotulantes autour d'au moins un axe de pivotement. La présente invention sera m ieux comprise à la l um ière de la description détaillée qui suit en regard du dessin annexé dans lequel : Advantageously, the integration of the fastening means in the outer skin has swiveling properties around at least one pivot axis. The present invention will be understood in the light of the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
- La figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe longitudinale d'une nacel le de tu rboréacteur dont un canal intérieur de circulation d'air est recouvert de panneaux acoustiques selon l'invention.  - Figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a nacel the tu rboréactor whose inner air flow channel is covered with acoustic panels according to the invention.
- La figure 2 est une représentation schématique générale d'un panneau acoustique tel qu'utilisé dans les nacelles.  - Figure 2 is a general schematic representation of an acoustic panel as used in the nacelles.
- Les figures 3 et 4 sont des vues partielles en coupe longitudinale d'une peau arrière d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un panneau acoustique selon l'invention.  - Figures 3 and 4 are partial views in longitudinal section of a rear skin of a first embodiment of an acoustic panel according to the invention.
- La figure 5 est une vue partielle en coupe longitudinale d'une peau arrière d'un troisième mode de réalisation d'un panneau acoustique selon l'invention.  - Figure 5 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a rear skin of a third embodiment of an acoustic panel according to the invention.
- Les figures 6 à 8 illustrent le cas d'un panneau acoustique courbe et comprenant des fixations adaptées conformément à l'invention.  - Figures 6 to 8 illustrate the case of a curved acoustic panel and comprising suitable fasteners according to the invention.
La figure 1 est une représentation schématique en coupe d'une nacelle 1 de turboréacteur 2.  FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation in section of a nacelle 1 of a turbojet engine 2.
Cette nacelle 1 présente une structure externe sensiblement tubulaire entourant le turboréacteur 2 et définissant autour de ce dernier une veine 3 de circulation de flux d'air.  This nacelle 1 has a substantially tubular external structure surrounding the turbojet engine 2 and defining around the latter a vein 3 for circulating air flow.
La figure 1 montré également schématiquement des trajets de propagation des ondes sonores (zones fléchées hachurées), notamment générées par des aubes d'une soufflante 4 du turboréacteur 2.  FIG. 1 also schematically shows propagation paths of the sound waves (hatched arrow zones), in particular generated by vanes of a fan 4 of the turbojet engine 2.
Afin d'atténuer ces ondes sonores et de limiter leur propagation, la nacelle 1 est équipée, notamment depuis une entrée d'air et le long de la veine 3 de circulation d'air, de panneaux acoustiques 5 recouvrant une ou plusieurs parois internes de la nacelle 1 .  In order to attenuate these sound waves and to limit their propagation, the nacelle 1 is equipped, in particular from an air inlet and along the air circulation duct 3, with acoustic panels 5 covering one or more internal walls of the nacelle 1.
Une structure typique de panneau acoustique 5 est représentée sur la figure 2. Un tel panneau acoustique 5 comprend typiquement une âme 51 en nid d'abeille comprise entre une peau interne 52, perforée et destinée à être orientée vers l'intérieur de la nacelle 1 de manière à recevoir les ondes sonores à absorber, et une peau externe 53, pleine destinée à permettre la fixation du panneau acoustique 5.  A typical acoustic panel structure 5 is shown in FIG. 2. Such an acoustic panel 5 typically comprises a core 51 made of honeycomb between an inner skin 52, perforated and intended to be oriented towards the inside of the nacelle 1. in order to receive the sound waves to be absorbed, and a solid external skin 53 intended to allow the acoustic panel 5 to be fixed.
Conformément à l'invention, un tel panneau acoustique 5 est apte à être attaché à la nacelle à l'aide de moyens de fixations intégrés dans la peau externe 53. Les figures 3 à 5 présentent différents modes de réalisation de tels moyens de fixation intégrés. According to the invention, such an acoustic panel 5 is able to be attached to the nacelle by means of fasteners integrated into the outer skin 53. Figures 3 to 5 show different embodiments of such integrated fastening means.
La figure 3 montre un premier mode de réalisation d'un moyen de fixation équipant un panneau acoustique 5. Ce moyen de fixation se présente sous la forme d'une vis 61 comprenant une tige filetée 61 1 s'étendant depuis une platine 612 vers l'extérieur du panneau.  FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of a fastening means fitted to an acoustic panel 5. This fixing means is in the form of a screw 61 comprising a threaded rod 61 1 extending from a plate 612 towards outside the panel.
Conformément à l'invention, la vis 61 est intégrée à la peau externe 53 du panneau acoustique 5 par moulage de ladite peau externe 53 autour de la platine 612. Pour ce faire, la platine 612 sera disposée entre un ou plusieurs plis internes 53b de la peau externe 53 et un ou plusieurs plis externes 53a de la peau externe 53.  According to the invention, the screw 61 is integrated with the outer skin 53 of the acoustic panel 5 by molding said outer skin 53 around the plate 612. To do this, the plate 612 will be arranged between one or more internal plies 53b of the outer skin 53 and one or more outer plies 53a of the outer skin 53.
Comme montré sur la figure 4, la tige filetée 61 1 est destinée à traverser un orifice 7 correspondant ménagé dans une paroi 8 à laquelle le panneau acoustique 5 doit être rattaché et à recevoir un écrou 9 correspondant de manière à sécuriser l'attache tout en permettant son démontage.  As shown in FIG. 4, the threaded rod 61 1 is intended to pass through a corresponding orifice 7 formed in a wall 8 to which the acoustic panel 5 must be attached and to receive a corresponding nut 9 so as to secure the fastener while allowing its disassembly.
La figure 5 montre un deuxième mode d'intégration de la vis 61 équipant la peau arrière 53 du panneau acoustique 5. La vis 61 est fixée dans la peau arrière par mise en place de rivets 10 à travers la platine 612.  FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of the screw 61 fitted to the rear skin 53 of the acoustic panel 5. The screw 61 is fixed in the rear skin by placing rivets 10 through the plate 612.
Dans ce cas, il sera avantageux d'au moins localement renforcer la peau arrière 53, notamment par augmentation locale du nombre de plis constituant la peau arrière 53.  In this case, it will be advantageous to at least locally strengthen the rear skin 53, in particular by locally increasing the number of folds constituting the rear skin 53.
Les figures 6 à 8 s'intéressent au cas d'un panneau acoustique courbe 500.  Figures 6 to 8 are interested in the case of a curved acoustic panel 500.
Avantageusement pour de tels panneaux 500, les moyens de fixation, en l'occurrence des vis 61 , seront avantageusement orientés selon u n e d i re ct i o n d ' i n sta l l at i o n (fl èc h e ) d u p a n n e a u 500 et n o n p l u s systématiquement selon une direction normale au panneau 500.  Advantageously for such panels 500, the fastening means, in this case screws 61, will advantageously be oriented according to a unidirectional reflection of the panel 500 and not systematically in a direction normal to the panel. 500.
Les vis 61 peuvent être montées fixes dans cette direction ou avec des propriétés de rotulage les rendant orientables.  The screws 61 can be fixedly mounted in this direction or with swiveling properties making them orientable.
Pour ce faire, et comme montré sur les figures 7 et 8, chaque vis To do this, and as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, each screw
61 est montée mobile à l'intérieure d'une partie fixe 90 fixé dans la peau arrière 53, notamment par moulage entre des plis 53a, 53b de la peau arrière 53, présentant une portée sensiblement sphérique. 61 is mounted movably within a fixed portion 90 fixed in the rear skin 53, in particular by molding between folds 53a, 53b of the rear skin 53, having a substantially spherical bearing surface.
La figure 8 illustre l'étape de rattachement du panneau acoustique à la paroi de la nacelle 1 . Afin d'assurer une bonne fixation et un bon maintien de l'écrou 9 et du panneau acoustique 5, il conviendra de prévoir un ensemble de calage 1 1 permettant d'accommoder l'inclinaison de la fixation. FIG. 8 illustrates the step of attaching the acoustic panel to the wall of the nacelle 1. In order to ensure good fixing and good retention of the nut 9 and the acoustic panel 5, it will be necessary to provide a set of wedge 1 1 to accommodate the inclination of the fastener.
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite avec un exemple particulier de réalisation, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention.  Although the invention has been described with a particular embodiment, it is obvious that it is in no way limited and that it includes all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if they enter into the scope of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Panneau acoustique (5) comprenant au moins une âme alvéolaire (51) disposée entre au moins une peau interne (52), et une peau externe (53), caractérisé en ce que ladite peau externe intègre au moins un moyen de fixation (61) apte à coopérer de manière démontable avec un moyen de fixation complémentaire (9) associé à une structure de rattachement. Acoustic panel (5) comprising at least one cellular core (51) disposed between at least one inner skin (52) and an outer skin (53), characterized in that said outer skin incorporates at least one attachment means ( 61) adapted to releasably cooperate with a complementary fastening means (9) associated with a connecting structure.
2. Panneau acoustique (5) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de fixation est une vis (61) et le moyen de fixation complémentaire est un écrou (9) ou inversement. 2. acoustic panel (5) according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening means is a screw (61) and the complementary fastening means is a nut (9) or vice versa.
3. Panneau acoustique (5) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de fixation (61) et le moyen de fixation complémentaire (9) forment une fixation rapide de type quart de tour. 3. Acoustic panel (5) according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening means (61) and the complementary fastening means (9) form a quarter-turn type quick fastening.
4. Panneau acoustique (5) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce le moyen de fixation (61) est intégré dans la peau externe (53) par moulage et notamment lors d'une étape de moulage d'au moins une partie du panneau. 4. acoustic panel (5) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fastening means (61) is integrated into the outer skin (53) by molding and in particular during a molding step of at least a part of the panel.
5. Panneau acoustique (5) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce le moyen de fixation (61) est intégré dans la peau externe (53) par collage ou soudage sur la peau externe. 5. acoustic panel (5) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fastening means (61) is integrated in the outer skin (53) by gluing or welding on the outer skin.
6. Panneau acoustique (5) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce le moyen de fixation (61) est fixé dans la peau externe (53) par rivetage. 6. acoustic panel (5) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fastening means (61) is fixed in the outer skin (53) by riveting.
7. Panneau acoustique (5) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de fixation (61) est intégré dans la peau externe (53) par l'intermédiaire d'une embase (612). 7. acoustic panel (5) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fastening means (61) is integrated in the outer skin (53) via a base (612).
8. Panneau acoustique (5) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une pluralité de moyens de fixation (61) dont au moins une partie est orientée selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à une direction d'installation du panneau. 8. acoustic panel (5) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of means fastener (61) at least a portion of which is oriented in a direction substantially parallel to a direction of installation of the panel.
9. Panneau acoustique (500) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la peau externe (61) présente une surface courbe. 9. acoustic panel (500) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the outer skin (61) has a curved surface.
10. Panneau acoustique (5) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'intégration du moyen de fixation (61) dans la peau externe (53) possède des propriétés rotulantes autour d'au moins un axe de pivotement. 10. acoustic panel (5) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the integration of the fastening means (61) in the outer skin (53) has rotulant properties around at least one axis pivoting.
EP11741643.8A 2010-07-27 2011-07-07 Acoustic panel for a turbojet engine nacelle, with in-built fasteners Withdrawn EP2599078A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1056136A FR2963469B1 (en) 2010-07-27 2010-07-27 ACOUSTIC PANEL
PCT/FR2011/051628 WO2012022869A2 (en) 2010-07-27 2011-07-07 Acoustic panel for a turbojet engine nacelle, with in-built fasteners

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EP (1) EP2599078A2 (en)
CN (1) CN103003872B (en)
BR (1) BR112013000154A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2803746A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2963469B1 (en)
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RU2013107955A (en) 2014-09-10
WO2012022869A2 (en) 2012-02-23
WO2012022869A3 (en) 2012-04-05
CN103003872A (en) 2013-03-27
BR112013000154A2 (en) 2016-05-24
CA2803746A1 (en) 2012-02-23
US20130133977A1 (en) 2013-05-30
CN103003872B (en) 2015-07-01
RU2579785C2 (en) 2016-04-10
US8579078B2 (en) 2013-11-12
FR2963469A1 (en) 2012-02-03
FR2963469B1 (en) 2012-07-27

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